Cisplatin: An old drug with a newfound efficacy-from mechanisms of action to cytotoxicity

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 14, Issue 13, 2013, Pages 1839-1857

  Macciò, Antonio ^a   Madeddu, Clelia ^b  

^a Ospedale Oncologico A Businco   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anemia; Cisplatin; Glucose metabolism; Nutraceuticals; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

AMIFOSTINE; CIMETIDINE; CISPLATIN; CORTICOTROPIN; CYTOCHROME P450; DEXAMETHASONE; DIETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID; DOPAMINE; GLUCOSE; GLUTATHIONE; GRANISETRON; MESNA; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; METOCLOPRAMIDE; MINERALOCORTICOID; NUTRACEUTICAL; ONDANSETRON; PALONOSETRON; PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE (GTP); PROBENECID; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SEROTONIN RECEPTOR; THIOCTIC ACID; THIOSULFATE;

ADVANCED CANCER; ANTIEMETIC ACTIVITY; ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CANCER CELL; CANCER PATIENT; CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM; CELL DEATH; CELL ENERGY; CELL METABOLISM; CELL SURVIVAL; CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED EMESIS; CHROMATIN CONDENSATION; CITRIC ACID CYCLE; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; CROSS LINKING; DESENSITIZATION; DNA ADDUCT; DNA DAMAGE; DNA FRAGMENTATION; DNA REPLICATION; DNA SYNTHESIS; DRUG CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TRANSPORT; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; ENTEROCHROMAFFIN CELL; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION; GLUCOSE METABOLISM; GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST; HUMAN; INSULIN RELEASE; KIDNEY EPITHELIUM; LYSOSOME MEMBRANE; METABOLISM; MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATION; NECROSIS; NEPHROTOXICITY; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; OSTEOSARCOMA; OVARY CANCER; OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOGENESIS; PENTOSE PHOSPHATE CYCLE; PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONONUCLEAR CELL; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PROPRIOCEPTION; SENSORY NERVE CONDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TUMOR CELL; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 84881620320     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: 17447666     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.813934     Document Type: Article

References (166)

1. Kelland L. The resurgence of platinum-based cancer chemotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer 2007;7:573-84
2. Nagy VM, Ordeanu C, Coza O, et al. Randomized phase 3 trial comparing 2 cisplatin dose schedules in 326 patients with locally advanced squamous cell cervical carcinoma: long-term follow-up. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012;22:1538-44
3. Tsan DL, Lin CY, Kang CJ, et al. The comparison between weekly and three-weekly cisplatin delivered concurrently with radiotherapy for patients with postoperative high-risk squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Radiat Oncol 2012;7:215
4. Rosenberg B, VanCamp L, Trosko JE, Mansour VH. Platinum compounds: a new class of potent antitumor agents. Nature 1969;222:385-6
5. Wang D, Lippard SJ. Cellular processing of platinum anticancer drugs. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2005;4:307-20
6. Gonzalez VM, Fuertes MA, Alonso C, Perez JM. Is cisplatin-induced cell death always produced by apoptosis Mol Pharmacol 2001;59:657-63
7. Sancho-Mart́nez SM, Prieto-Garća L, Prieto M, et al. Subcellular targets of cisplatin cytotoxicity: an integrated view. Pharmacol Ther 2012;136:35-55
8. Rebillard A, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Dimanche-Boitrel MT. Cisplatin cytotoxicity: DNA and plasma membrane targets. Curr Med Chem 2008;15:2656-63
9. Burstyn JN, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Cohen SM, Lippard SJ. Formation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) 1, 2-intrastrand cross-links on DNA is flanking-sequence independent. Nucleic Acid Res 2000;28:4237-43
10. Fuertes MA, Castilla J, Alonso C, Pérez JM. Cisplatin biochemical mechanism of action: from cytotoxicity to induction of cell death through interconnections between apoptotic and necrotic pathways. Curr Med Chem 2003;10:257-66
11. Sorenson CM, Eastman A. Influence of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) on DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression in excision repair proficient and deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cancer Res 1988;48:6703-7
12. Sorenson CM, Barry MA, Eastman A. Analysis of events associated with cell cycle arrest at G2 phase and cell death induced by cisplatin. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:749-55
13. Sorenson CM, Eastman A. Mechanism of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)- induced cytotoxicity: role of G2 arrest and DNA double-strand breaks. Cancer Res 1988;48:4484-8
14. Sancho-Mart́nez SM, Piedrafita FJ, Cannata-And́a JB, et al. Necrotic concentrations of cisplatin activate the apoptotic machinery but inhibit effector caspases and interfere with the execution of apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2011;122:73-85
15. Martin DS, Bertino JR, Koutcher JA. ATP depletion + pyrimidine depletion can markedly enhance cancer therapy: fresh insight for a new approach. Cancer Res 2000;60:6776-83
16. Jensen M, Bjerring M, Nielsen NC, Nerdal W. Cisplatin interaction with phosphatidylserine bilayer studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010;15:213-23
17. Lacour S, Hammann A, Grazide S, et al. Cisplatin-induced CD95 redistribution into membrane lipid rafts of HT29 human colon cancer cells. Cancer Res 2004;64:3593-8
18. López-Lázaro M. The Warburg effect: why and how do cancer cells activate glycolysis in the presence of oxygen Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2008;8:305-12
19. Annibaldi A, Widmann C. Glucose metabolism in cancer cells. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2010;13:466-70
20. Porporato PE, Dhup S, Dadhich RK, et al. Anticancer targets in the glycolytic metabolism of tumors: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2011;2:49
21. Warburg O. On the origin of cancer cells. Science 1956;123:309-14
22. Tomiyama A, Serizawa S, Tachibana K, et al. Critical role for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the activation of tumor suppressors Bax and Bak. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006;98:1462-73
23. Wong JY, Huggins GS, Debidda M, et al. Dichloroacetate induces apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Gynecol Oncol 2008;109:394-402
24. Michelakis ED, Webster L, Mackey JR. Dichloroacetate (DCA) as a potential metabolic-targeting therapy for cancer. Br J Cancer 2008;99:989-94
25. Feuerecker B, Pirsig S, Seidl C, et al. Lipoic acid inhibits cell proliferation of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2012;13:1425-35
26. Liang XJ, Finkel T, Shen DW, et al. SIRT1 contributes in part to cisplatin resistance in cancer cells by altering mitochondrial metabolism. Mol Cancer Res 2008;6:1499-506
27. Goldstein RS, Mayor GH, Rosenbaum RW, et al. Glucose intolerance following cis-platinum treatment in rats. Toxicology 1982;24(3-4):273-80
28. Safirstein RL. Acute renal failure: from renal physiology to the renal transcriptome. Kidney Int 2004;66:S62-6.
29. Egawa-Takata T, Endo H, Fujita M, et al. Early reduction of glucose uptake after cisplatin treatment is a marker of cisplatin sensitivity in ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci 2010;101:2171-8
30. Shulga N, Wilson-Smith R, Pastorino JG. Hexokinase II detachment from the mitochondria potentiates cisplatin induced cytotoxicity through a caspase-2 dependent mechanism. Cell Cycle 2009;8:3355-64
31. Elstrom RL, Bauer DE, Buzzai M, et al. Akt stimulates aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. Cancer Res 2004;64:3892-9
32. Zhang LL, Zhang J, Shen L, et al. Overexpression of AKT decreases the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer cells to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2013;7:1387-90
33. Demaria M, Giorgi C, Lebiedzinska M, et al. A STAT3-mediated metabolic switch is involved in tumour transformation and STAT3 addiction. Aging 2010;2:823-42
34. Gough DJ, Corlett A, Schlessinger K, et al. Mitochondrial STAT3 supports Ras-dependent oncogenic transformation. Science 2009;324:1713-16
35. Han Z, Feng J, Hong Z, et al. Silencing STAT3 signaling pathway reverses the inherent and induced chemoresistance of human ovarian cancer cells. Biochem Byophys Res Commun 2013;published online 7 May 2013; doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013. 04.087
36. Olszewski U, Poulsen TT, Ulsperger E, et al. In vitro cytotoxicity of combinations of dichloroacetate with anticancer platinum compounds. Clin Pharmacol 2010;2:177-83
37. Xie J, Wang BS, Yu DH, et al. Dichloroacetate shifts the metabolism from glycolysis to glucose oxidation and exhibits synergistic growth inhibition with cisplatin in HeLa cells. Int J Oncol 2011;38:409-17
38. Ihrlund LS, Hernlund E, Khan O, Shoshan MC. 3-Bromopyruvate as inhibitor of tumor cell energy metabolism and chemopotentiator of platinum drugs. Mol Oncol 2008;2:94-101
39. Simons AL, Ahmad IM, Mattson DM, et al. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose combined with cisplatin enhances cytotoxicity via metabolic oxidative stress in human head and neck cancer cells. Cancer Res 2007;67:3364-70
40. Masuda H, Tanaka T, Tateishi M, et al. Detection and cytotoxicity of cisplatin-induced superoxide anion in monolayer cultures of a human ovarian cancer cell line. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2001;47:155-60
41. Srivastava AN, Gupta A, Srivastava S, et al. Cisplatin combination chemotherapy induces oxidative stress in advance non-small cell lung cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11:465-71
42. Halliwell B. Free radicals and antioxidants: updating a personal view. Nutr Rev 2012;70:257-65
43. Spitz DR, Phillips JW, Adams DT, et al. Cellular resistance to oxidative stress is accompanied by resistance to cisplatin: the significance of increased catalase activity and total glutathione in hydrogen peroxide-resistant fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 1993;156:72-9
44. Srivastava AN, Gupta A, Srivastava S, et al. Cisplatin combination chemotherapy induces oxidative stress in advance non-small cell lung cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2010;11:465-71
45. Kasherman Y, Sturup S, Gibson D. Is glutathione the major cellular target of cisplatin A study of the interactions of cisplatin with cancer cell extracts. J Med Chem 2009;52:4319-28
46. Kadikoylu G, Bolaman Z, Demir S, et al. The effects of desferrioxamine on cisplatin-induced lipid peroxidation and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in rat kidneys. Hum Exp Toxicol 2004;23:29-34
47. Antunes LM, Darin JD, Bianchi MD. Protective effects of vitamin c against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in adult rats: a dose-dependent study. Pharmacol Res 2000;41:405-11
48. Sadzuka Y, Shoji T, Takino Y. Effect of cisplatin on the activities of enzymes which protect against lipid peroxidation. Biochem Pharmacol 1992;43:1872-5
49. Siddik ZH. Cisplatin: mode of cytotoxic action and molecular basis of resistance. Oncogene 2003;22:7265-79
50. Martins NM, Santos NA, Curti C, et al. Cisplatin induces mitochondrial oxidative stress with resultant energetic metabolism impairment, membrane rigidification and apoptosis in rat liver. J Appl Toxicol 2008;28:337-44
51. Santos NA, Catão CS, Martins NM, et al. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with oxidative stress, redox state unbalance, impairment of energetic metabolism and apoptosis in rat kidney mitochondria. Arch Toxicol 2007;81:495-504
52. Traber MG, Sokol RJ, Ringel SP, et al. Lack of a-tocopherol in peripheral nerves of vitamin E deficient patients with peripheral neuropathy. N Engl J Med 1987;317:262-5
53. Chirino YI, Pedraza-Chaverry J. Role of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2009;61:223-42
54. Wainford RD, Weaver RJ, Stewart KN, et al. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity is mediated by gamma glutamyltranspeptidase, not via a C-S lyase governed biotransformation pathway. Toxicology 2008;249:184-93
55. Stewart DJ, Dulberg C, Molepo JM, et al. Factors affecting human autopsy kidney-cortex and kidney-medulla platinum concentrations after cisplatin administration. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1994;34:14-22
56. Sánchez-González PD, López-Hernández FJ, López-Novoa JM, Morales AI. An integrative view of the pathophysiological events leading to cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011;41:803-21
57. Yao X, Panichpisal K, Kurtzman N, Nugent K. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: a review. Am J Med Sci 2007;334:115-24
58. Jung M, Hotter G, Viñas JL, Sola A. Cisplatin upregulates mitochondrial nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite formation to promote renal injury. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009;234:236-46
59. Pabla N, Dong Z. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: mechanisms and renoprotective strategies. Kidney Int 2008;73:994-1007
60. Lieberthal W, Triaca V, Levine J. Mechanisms of death induced by cisplatin in proximal tubular epithelial cells: apoptosis vs. necrosis. Am J Physiol 1996;270:F700-8
61. Ueda N, Shah SV. Tubular cell damage in acute renal failure-apoptosis, necrosis, or both. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2000;15:318-23
62. Ramesh G, Reeves WB. TNFR2-mediated apoptosis and necrosis in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003;285:F610-18
63. Santos NA, Bezerra CS, Martins NM, et al. Hydroxyl radical scavenger ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by preventing oxidative stress, redox state unbalance, impairment of energetic metabolism and apoptosis in rat kidney mitochondria. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008;61:145-55
64. Jiang M, Dong Z. Regulation and pathological role of p53 in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008;327:300-7
65. Arany I, Safirstein RL. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Semin Nephrol 2003;23:460-4
66. Brillet G, Deray G, Jacquiaud C, et al. Long-term renal effect of cisplatin in man. Am J Nephrol 1994;14:81-4
67. Greystoke AP, Jodrell DI, Cheung M, et al. How many cisplatin administration protocols does your department use Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2010;19:80-90
68. Forrester SD, Fallin EA, Saunders GK, Kenny JE. Prevention of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicosis in dogs, using hypertonic saline solution as the vehicle of administration. Am J Vet Res 1993;54:2175-8
69. Hayes DM, Cvitkovic E, Golbey RB, et al. High dose cis-platinum diammine dichloride: amelioration of renal toxicity by mannitol diuresis. Cancer 1977;39:1372-81
70. Morgan KP, Buie LW, Savage SW. The role of mannitol as a nephroprotectant in patients receiving cisplatin therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2012;46:276-81
71. Santoso JT, Lucci JA III, Coleman RL, et al. Saline, mannitol, and furosemide hydration in acute cisplatin nephrotoxicity: a randomized trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2003;52:13-18
72. Muraki K, Koyama R, Honma Y, et al. Hydration with magnesium and mannitol without furosemide prevents the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin and pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2012;4:562-8
73. Jacobs C, Kaubisch S, Halsey J, et al. The use of probenecid as a chemoprotector against cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Cancer 1991;67:1518-24
74. dos Santos NA, Carvalho Rodrigues MA, Martins NM, dos Santos AC. Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and targets of nephroprotection: an update. Arch Toxicol 2012;86:1233-50
75. Katsuda H, Yamashita M, Katsura H, et al. Protecting cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity with cimetidine does not affect antitumor activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2010;33:1867-71
76. Uozumi J, Koikawa Y, Yasumasu T, et al. The protective effect of methylprednisolone against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in patients with urothelial tumors. Int J Urol 1996;3:343-7
77. Offerman JJ, Mulder NH, Sleijfer DT, et al. Influence of captopril on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum-induced renal toxicity. Am J Nephrol 1985;5:433-6
78. Offerman JJ, Meijer S, Sleijfer DT, et al. The influence of verapamil on renal function in patients treated with cisplatin. Clin Nephrol 1985;24:249-55
79. Uozumi J, Ueda T, Yasumasu T, et al. Calcium blockers enhance cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Int Urol Nephrol 1992;24:549-53
80. Wood PA, Hrushesky WJ. Cisplatin-associated anemia: an erythropoietin deficiency syndrome. J Clin Invest 1995;95:1650-9
81. Neumcke I, Schneider B, Fandrey J, Pagel H. Effects of pro-and antioxidative compounds on renal production of erythropoietin. Endocrinology 1999;140:641-5
82. Tjulandin SA, Bias P, Elsässer R, et al. Epoetin theta in anaemic cancer patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy: a randomised controlled trial. Arch Drug Inf 2010;3:45-53
83. Kong D, Zhuo L, Gao C, et al. Erythropoietin protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis. J Nephrol 2013;26:219-27
84. Rjiba-Touati K, Boussema IA, Belarbia A, et al. Protective effect of recombinant human erythropoietin against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity in rat kidney. Int J Toxicol 2011;30:510-17
85. Kedar A, Cohen ME, Freeman AI. Peripheral neuropathy as a complication of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) treatment: a case report. Cancer Treat Rep 1978;62:819-21
86. Pace A, Giannarelli D, Galiè E, et al. Vitamin E neuroprotection for cisplatin neuropathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 2010;74:762-6
87. Siegal T, Haim N. Cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy. Frequent off-therapy deterioration, demyelinating syndromes, and muscle cramps. Cancer 1990;66:1117-23
88. Krarup-Hansen A, Helweg-Larsen S, Schmalbruch H, et al. Neuronal involvement in cisplatin neuropathy: prospective clinical and neurophysiological studies. Brain 2007;130:1076-88
89. Authier N, Gillet JP, Fialip J, et al. An animal model of nociceptive peripheral neuropathy following repeated cisplatin injections. Exp Neurol 2003;182:12-20
90. Thompson SW, Davis LE, Kornfeld M, et al. Cisplatin neuropathy. Clinical, electrophysiologic, morphologic, and toxicologic studies. Cancer 1984;54:1269-75
91. Isonaka R, Hiruma H, Kawakami T. Inhibition of axonal transport caused by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in cultured mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Mol Neurosci 2011;45:194-201
92. McDonald ES, Randon KR, Knight A, Windebank AJ. Cisplatin preferentially binds to DNA in dorsal root ganglion neurons in vitro and in vivo: a potential mechanism for neurotoxicity. Neurobiol Dis 2005;18:305-13
93. Jaggi AS, Singh N. Mechanisms in cancer-chemotherapeutic drugs-induced peripheral neuropathy. Toxicology 2012;291:1-9
94. Leinninger GM, Edwards JL, Lipshaw MJ, Feldman EL. Mechanisms of disease: mitochondria as new therapeutic targets in diabetic neuropathy. Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2006;2:620-8
95. Carozzi VA, Marmiroli P, Cavaletti G. The role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidant treatment in platinum-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2010;10:670-82
96. Roila F, Hesketh PJ, Herrstedt J; Antiemetic Subcommittee of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer. Prevention of chemotherapy-and radiotherapy-induced emesis: results of the 2004 Perugia International Antiemetic Consensus Conference. Ann Oncol 2006;17:20-8
97. Miller AD, Nonaka S, Jakus J. Brain areas essential or non-essential for emesis. Brain Res 1994;647:255-64
98. Herrstedt J. Antiemetics: an update and the MASCC guidelines applied in clinical practice. Nat Clin Pract Oncol 2008;5:32-43
99. Fozard JR, Mobarok ALI AT. Blockade of neuronal tryptamine receptors by metoclopramide. Eur J Pharmacol 1978;49:109-12
100. Gralla RJ, Itri LM, Pisko SE, et al. Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose metoclopramide: randomized trials with placebo and prochlorperazine in patients with chemotherapyinduced vomiting. N Engl J Med 1981;305:905-9
101. Liu Y, Hamaue N, Endo T, et al. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentrations in the hippocampus, the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata related to cisplatin-induced pica of rats. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 2003;113-114:97-113
102. Endo T, Minami M, Hirafuji M, et al. Neurochemistry and neuropharmacology of emesis-the role of serotonin. Toxicology 2000;153(1-3):189-201
103. Chauhan P, Sodhi A, Shrivastava A. Cisplatin primes murine peritoneal macrophages for enhanced expression of nitric oxide, proinflammatory cytokines, TLRs, transcription factors and activation of MAP kinases upon co-incubation with L929 cells. Immunobiology 2009;214:197-209
104. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Esu S, et al. Medroxyprogesterone acetate reduces the in vitro production of cytokines and serotonin involved in anorexia/cachexia and emesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 1997;33:602-7
105. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Esu S, Lai P. Evidence that cisplatin induces serotonin release from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and that methylprednisolone inhibits this effect. Eur J Cancer 1996;32A:1983-5
106. Minami M, Endo T, Hirafuji M, et al. Pharmacological aspects of anticancer drug-induced emesis with emphasis on serotonin release and vagal nerve activity. Pharmacol Ther 2003;99:149-65
107. Roila F, Ballatori E, Tonato M, Del Favero A. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: differences and similarities. Eur J Cancer 1997;33:1364-70
108. Blower PR. Granisetron: relating pharmacology to clinical efficacy. Support Care Cancer 2003;11:93-100
109. Chua DT, Sham JS, Kwong DL, et al. Comparative efficacy of three 5-HT3 antagonists (granisetron, ondansetron, and tropisetron) plus dexamethasone for the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute emesis: a randomized crossover study. Am J Clin Oncol 2000;23:185-91
110. Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, et al. Glutathione metabolism and its implications for health. J Nutr 2004;134:489-92
111. Franco R, Schoneveld OJ, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. The central role of glutathione in the pathophysiology of human diseases. Arch Physiol Biochem 2007;113:234-58
112. Albers JW, Chaudhry V, Cavaletti G, Donehower RC. Interventions for preventing neuropathy caused by cisplatin and related compounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011(2):CD005228
113. Xu YY, Jiang N, Liu TS, et al. Evaluation of the effect of glutathione on cisplatin antitumor activity and kidney injury at different administration times. Mol Med Rep 2012;6:1075-80
114. Chen HH, Kuo MT. Role of glutathione in the regulation of cisplatin resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Met Based Drugs 2010;2010:pii: 430939
115. Sinha-Hikim I, Shen R, Paul Lee WN, et al. Effects of a novel cystine-based glutathione precursor on oxidative stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010;299:C638-42
116. Mantovani G, Macciò A, Madeddu C, et al. The impact of different antioxidant agents alone or in combination on reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzymes and cytokines in a series of advanced cancer patients at different sites: correlation with disease progression. Free Radic Res 2003;37:213-23
117. Roy S, Packer L. Redox regulation of cell functions by alpha-lipoate: biochemical and molecular aspects. Biofactors 1998;8:17-21
118. Flohé L, Brigelius-Flohé R, Saliou C, et al. Redox regulation of NF-kappa B activation. Free Radic Biol Med 1997;22:1115-26
119. El-Beshbishy HA, Bahashwan SA, Aly HA, Fakher HA. Abrogation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice by alpha lipoic acid through ameliorating oxidative stress and enhancing gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Eur J Pharmacol 2011;668:278-84
120. Melli G, Taiana M, Camozzi F, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid prevents mitochondrial damage and neurotoxicity in experimental chemotherapy neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2008;214:276-84
121. Tuncer S, Dalkilic N, Akif Dunbar M, Keles B. Comparative effects of a lipoic acid and melatonin on cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity. Int J Neurosci 2010;120:655-63
122. Kouvaris JR, Kouloulias VE, Vlahos LJ. Amifostine: the first selective-target and broad-spectrum radioprotector. Oncologist 2007;12:738-47
123. Capizzi RL. Amifostine reduces the incidence of cumulative nephrotoxicity from cisplatin: laboratory and clinical aspects. Semin Oncol 1999;26(2 Suppl 7):72-81
124. Mollman JE, Glover DJ, Hogan WM, Furman RE. Cisplatin neuropathy. Risk factors, prognosis, and protection by WR-2721. Cancer 1988;61(11):2192-5
125. Markman M. Amifostine in reducing cisplatin toxicity. Semin Oncol 1998;25:522-4
126. Somani SM, Ravi R, Rybak LP. Diethyldithiocarbamate protection against cisplatin nephrotoxicity: antioxidant system. Drug Chem Toxicol 1995;18:151-70
127. Bodenner DL, Dedon PC, Keng PC, et al. Selective protection against cisdiamminedichloroplatinum( II)-induced toxicity in kidney, gut, and bone marrow by diethyldithiocarbamate. Cancer Res 1986;46:2751-5
128. Sooriyaarachchi M, Narendran A, Gailer J. The effect of sodium thiosulfate on the metabolism of cisplatin in human plasma in vitro. Metallomics 2012;4:960-7
129. Oprea A, Bazzazi H, Kangarloo B, Wolff JE. The kinetics and mechanisms of the reaction of Mesna with cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin. Anticancer Res 2001;21:1225-9
130. Gispen WH, Hamers FP, Vecht CJ, et al. ACTH/MSH like peptides in the treatment of cisplatin neuropathy. Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992;43:179-83
131. van der Hoop RG, Hamers FP, Neijt JP, et al. Protection against cisplatin induced neurotoxicity by ORG 2766: histological and electrophysiological evidence. J Neurol Sci 1994;126:109-15
132. van der Hoop RG, Vecht CJ, van der Burg ME, et al. Prevention of cisplatin neurotoxicity with an ACTH (4-9) analogue in patients with ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med 1990;322:89-94
133. Billio A, Morello E, Clarke MJ. Serotonin receptor antagonists for highly emetogenic chemotherapy in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010(1):CD006272
134. Gralla R, Lichinitser M, Van Der Vegt S, et al. Palonosetron improves prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following moderately emetogenic chemotherapy: results of a double-blind randomized phase III trial comparing single doses of palonosetron with ondansetron. Ann Oncol 2003;14:1570-7
135. Aapro MS, Grunberg SM, Manikhas GM, et al. A phase III, double-blind, randomized trial of palonosetron compared with ondansetron in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting following highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Ann Oncol 2006;17:1441-9
136. Leander S, Ha°kanson R, Rosell S, et al. A specific substance P antagonist blocks smooth muscle contractions induced by non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve stimulation. Nature 1981;294:467-9
137. Snider RM, Constantine JW, Lowe JA III, et al. A potent nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P (NK1) receptor. Science 1991;251:435-7
138. Tattersall FD, Rycroft W, Hargreaves RJ, Hill RG. The tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist CP-99,994 attenuates cisplatin induced emesis in the ferret. Eur J Pharmacol 1993;250:R5-6
139. Schmoll HJ, Aapro MS, Poli-Bigelli S, et al. Comparison of an aprepitant regimen with a multiple-day ondansetron regimen, both with dexamethasone, for antiemetic efficacy in high-dose cisplatin treatment. Ann Oncol 2006;17:1000-6
140. Herrstedt J, Muss HB, Warr DG, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of aprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis over multiple cycles of moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Cancer 2005;104:1548-55
141. Tarladacalisir YT, Kanter M, Uygun M. Protective effects of vitamin C on cisplatin-induced renal damage: a light and electron microscopic study. Ren Fail 2008;30:1-8
142. Ajith TA, Abhishek G, Roshny D, Sudheesh NP. Co-supplementation of single and multi doses of vitamins C and E ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in mice. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2009;61:565-71
143. Dillioglugil MO, Maral Kir H, Gulkac MD, et al. Protective effects of increasing vitamin E and A doses on cisplatin-induced oxidative damage to kidney tissue in rats. Urol Int 2005;75:340-4
144. Do Amaral CL, Francescato HD, Coimbra TM, et al. Resveratrol attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Arch Toxicol 2008;82:363-70
145. Francescato HD, Coimbra TM, Costa RS, Bianchi Mde L. Protective effect of quercetin on the evolution of cisplatin-induced acute tubular necrosis. Kidney Blood Press Res 2004;27:148-58
146. Ozen S, Akyol O, Iraz M, et al. Role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, an active component of propolis, against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J Appl Toxicol 2004;24:27-35
147. Badary OA, Abdel-Maksoud S, Ahmed WA, Owieda GH. Naringenin attenuates cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats. Life Sci 2005;76:2125-35
148. Atessahin A, Yilmaz S, Karahan I, et al. Effects of lycopene against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats. Toxicology 2005;212:116-23
149. Sanchez-Gonzalez PD, Lopez-Hernandez FJ, Perez-Barriocanal F, et al. Quercetin reduces cisplatin nephrotoxicity in rats without compromising its anti-tumour activity. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011;26:3484-95
150. Al Moundhri MS, Al-Salam S, Al Mahrouqee A, et al. The effect of curcumin on oxaliplatin and cisplatin neurotoxicity in rats: some behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological studies. J Med Toxicol 2013;9:25-33
151. Mendonça LM, da Silva Machado C, Correia Teixeira CC, et al. Curcumin reduces cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. Neurotoxicology 2013;34:205-11
152. Satya-Murti S, Howard L, Krohel G, Wolf B. The spectrum of neurological disorder from vitamin E deficiency. Neurology 1986;36:917-21
153. Argyriou AA, Chroni E, Koutras A, et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of vitamin E supplementation for protection against cisplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy: final results. Support Care Cancer 2006;14:1134-40
154. Pace A, Giannarelli D, Galiè E, et al. Vitamin E neuroprotection for cisplatin neuropathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Neurology 2010;74:762-6
155. Pace A, Savarese A, Picardo M, et al. Neuroprotective effect of vitamin E supplementation in patients treated with cisplatin chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:927-31
156. Rohren EM, Turkington TG, Coleman RE. Clinical applications of PET in oncology. Radiology 2004;231:305-32
157. Brand KA, Hermfisse U. Aerobic glycolysis by proliferating cells: a protective strategy against reactive oxygen species. FASEB J 1997;11:388-95
158. Kwee TC, Basu S, Saboury B, et al. A new dimension of FDG-PET interpretation: assessment of tumor biology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2011;38:1158-70
159. Pectasides D, Fountzilas G, Aravantinos G, et al. Advanced stage mucinous epithelial ovarian cancer: the Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group experience. Gynecol Oncol 2005;97:436-41
160. Oh WK, Tay MH, Huang J. Is there a role for platinum chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer Cancer 2007;109:477-86
161. Fazio N, Spada F, Giovannini M. Chemotherapy in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC): a critical view. Cancer Treat Rev 2013;39:270-4
162. Ychou M, Boige V, Pignon JP, et al. Perioperative chemotherapy compared with surgery alone for resectable gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma: an FNCLCC and FFCD multicenter phase III trial. J Clin Oncol 2011;29:1715-21
163. Rose PG, Ali S, Watkins E, Gynecologic Oncology Group. Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial comparing concurrent single agent cisplatin, cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy, or hydroxyurea during pelvic irradiation for locally advanced cervical cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:2804-10
164. Rosell R, Gatzemeier U, Betticher DC, et al. Phase III randomised trial comparing paclitaxel/carboplatin with paclitaxel/cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a cooperative multinational trial. Ann Oncol 2002;13:1539-49
165. Piccart MJ, Bertelsen K, James K, et al. Randomized intergroup trial of cisplatin-paclitaxel versus cisplatin-cyclophosphamide in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: three-year results. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:699-708
166. Bokemeyer C, Kohrmann O, Tischler J, et al. A randomized trial of cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (PEB) versus carboplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (CEB) for patients with 'good-risk' metastatic non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Ann Oncol 1996;7:1015-21