Myelin management by the 18.5-kDa and 21.5-kDa classic myelin basic protein isoforms

Journal of Neurochemistry

Volumn 125, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 334-361

  Harauz, George ^a   Boggs, Joan M ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH   (Canada)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

cytoskeleton; Fyn SH3; intrinsically disordered protein; myelin basic protein; oligodendrocyte; phosphorylation

Indexed keywords

MYELIN; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; PHOSPHOLIPID; PROTEIN KINASE FYN; PROTEIN SH3; VOLTAGE GATED CALCIUM CHANNEL;

CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MEMBRANE; CELL PROLIFERATION; CYTOSKELETON; EXON; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR LOCALIZATION SIGNAL; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; MYELIN SHEATH; OLIGODENDROGLIA; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN PROCESSING, POST-TRANSLATIONAL; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-FYN; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS;

EID: 84876684794     PISSN: 00223042     EISSN: 14714159     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12195     Document Type: Review

References (361)

1. Aggarwal S., Yurlova L., and, Simons M., (2011a) Central nervous system myelin: structure, synthesis and assembly. Trends Cell Biol. 21, 585-593.
2. Aggarwal S., Yurlova L., Snaidero N., et al,. (2011b) A size barrier limits protein diffusion at the cell surface to generate lipid-rich myelin-membrane sheets. Dev. Cell 21, 445-456.
3. Agnati L. F., Zunarelli E., Genedani S., and, Fuxe K., (2006) On the existence of a global molecular network enmeshing the whole central nervous system: physiological and pathological implications. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 7, 3-15.
4. Ahmed M. A. M., Bamm V. V., Shi L., Steiner-Mosonyi M., Dawson J. F., Brown L., Harauz G., and, Ladizhansky V., (2009) Induced secondary structure and polymorphism in an intrinsically disordered structural linker of the CNS: Solid-state NMR and FTIR spectroscopy of myelin basic protein bound to actin. Biophys. J. 96, 180-191.
5. Ahmed M. A. M., Bamm V. V., Harauz G., and, Ladizhansky V., (2010) Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of membrane-reconstituted myelin basic protein-conformation and dynamics of an immunodominant epitope. Biophys. J. 99, 1247-1255.
6. Ahmed M. A. M., De A. M., Polverini E., Bessonov K., Bamm V. V., and, Harauz G., (2012) Solution NMR structure and molecular dynamics simulations of murine 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein segment (S72-S107) in association with dodecylphosphocholine micelles. Biochemistry 51, 7475-7487.
7. Ainger K., Avossa D., Morgan F., Hill S. J., Barry C., Barbarese E., and, Carson J. H., (1993) Transport and localization of exogenous myelin basic protein mRNA microinjected into oligodendrocytes. J. Cell Biol. 123, 431-441.
8. Ainger K., Avossa D., Diana A. S., Barry C., Barbarese E., and, Carson J. H., (1997) Transport and localization elements in myelin basic protein mRNA. J. Cell Biol. 138, 1077-1087.
9. Allinquant B., Staugaitis S. M., D'Urso D., and, Colman D. R., (1991) The ectopic expression of myelin basic protein isoforms in Shiverer oligodendrocytes: implications for myelinogenesis. J. Cell Biol. 113, 393-403.
10. Ammer A. G., and, Weed S. A., (2008) Cortactin branches out: roles in regulating protrusive actin dynamics. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 65, 687-707.
11. Arroyo E. J., and, Scherer S. S., (2000) On the molecular architecture of myelinated fibers. Histochem. Cell Biol. 113, 1-18.
12. Artemiadis A. K., and, Anagnostouli M. C., (2010) Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and post-translational modifications of myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis: possible role for the early stages of multiple sclerosis. Eur. Neurol. 63, 65-72.
13. Aruga J., Okano H., and, Mikoshiba K., (1991) Identification of the new isoforms of mouse myelin basic protein: the existence of exon 5a. J. Neurochem. 56, 1222-1226.
14. Arvanitis D. N., Min W., Gong Y., Heng Y. M., and, Boggs J. M., (2005) Two types of detergent-insoluble, glycosphingolipid/cholesterol-rich membrane domains from isolated myelin. J. Neurochem. 94, 1696-1710.
15. Asou H., Hamada K., Uyemura K., Sakota T., and, Hayashi K., (1994) How do oligodendrocytes ensheath and myelinate nerve fibers?. Brain Res. Bull. 35, 359-365.
16. Asou H., Hamada K., Miyazaki T., Sakota T., Hayashi K., Takeda Y., Marret S., Delpech B., Itoh K., and, Uyemura K., (1995) CNS myelinogenesis in vitro: time course and pattern of rat oligodendrocyte development. J. Neurosci. Res. 40, 519-534.
17. Atkins C. M., Chen S. J., Klann E., and, Sweatt J. D., (1997) Increased phosphorylation of myelin basic protein during hippocampal long-term potentiation. J. Neurochem. 68, 1960-1967.
18. Atkins C. M., Yon M., Groome N. P., and, Sweatt J. D., (1999) Regulation of myelin basic protein phosphorylation by mitogen-activated protein kinase during increased action potential firing in the hippocampus. J. Neurochem. 73, 1090-1097.
19. Bamm V. V., Ahmed M. A., and, Harauz G., (2010) Interaction of myelin basic protein with actin in the presence of dodecylphosphocholine micelles. Biochemistry 49, 6903-6915.
20. Bamm V. V., De Avila M., Smith G. S. T., Ahmed M. A., and, Harauz G., (2011) Structured functional domains of myelin basic protein: cross talk between actin polymerization and Ca(2 +)-dependent calmodulin interaction. Biophys. J. 101, 1248-1256.
21. Baran C., Smith G. S., Bamm V. V., Harauz G., and, Lee J. S., (2010) Divalent cations induce a compaction of intrinsically disordered myelin basic protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 391, 224-229.
22. Barbarese E., Carson J. H., and, Braun P. E., (1978) Accumulation of the four myelin basic proteins in mouse brain during development. J. Neurochem. 31, 779-782.
23. Barbarese E., Barry C., Chou C. H., Goldstein D. J., Nakos G. A., Hyde-DeRuyscher R., Scheld K., and, Carson J. H., (1988) Expression and localization of myelin basic protein in oligodendrocytes and transfected fibroblasts. J. Neurochem. 51, 1737-1745.
24. Barbarese E., Brumwell C., Kwon S., Cui H., and, Carson J. H., (1999) RNA on the road to myelin. J. Neurocytol. 28, 263-270.
25. Baron W., and, Hoekstra D., (2010) On the biogenesis of myelin membranes: sorting, trafficking and cell polarity. FEBS Lett. 584, 1760-1770.
26. Baron W., Metz B., Bansal R., Hoekstra D., and, de Vries H., (2000) PDGF and FGF-2 signaling in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells: regulation of proliferation and differentiation by multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 15, 314-329.
27. Barres B. A., (2008) The mystery and magic of glia: a perspective on their roles in health and disease. Neuron 60, 430-440.
28. Batada N. N., Hurst L. D., and, Tyers M., (2006) Evolutionary and physiological importance of hub proteins. PLoS Comput. Biol. 2, e88.
29. Bates I. R., Boggs J. M., Feix J. B., and, Harauz G., (2003) Membrane-anchoring and charge effects in the interaction of myelin basic protein with lipid bilayers studied by site-directed spin labeling. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 29041-29047.
30. Bates I. R., Feix J. B., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2004) An immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein is an amphipathic alpha-helix. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 5757-5764.
31. Bauer N. G., Richter-Landsberg C., and, Ffrench-Constant C., (2009) Role of the oligodendroglial cytoskeleton in differentiation and myelination. Glia 57, 1691-1705.
32. Bauer N. M., Moos C., and, van H. J., Witte M., van d., V, Altenhein B., Luhmann H. J. and White R., (2012) Myelin basic protein synthesis is regulated by small non-coding RNA 715. EMBO Rep. 13, 827-834.
33. Baumann N., and, Pham-Dinh D., (2001) Biology of oligodendrocyte and myelin in the mammalian central nervous system. Physiol. Rev. 81, 871-927.
34. Beniac D. R., Wood D. D., Palaniyar N., Ottensmeyer F. P., Moscarello M. A., and, Harauz G., (2000) Cryoelectron microscopy of protein-lipid complexes of human myelin basic protein charge isomers differing in degree of citrullination. J. Struct. Biol. 129, 80-95.
35. Benmerah A., Scott M., Poupon V., and, Marullo S., (2003) Nuclear functions for plasma membrane-associated proteins? Traffic 4, 503-511.
36. Berlet H. H., Bischoff H., and, Weinhardt F., (1994) Divalent metals of myelin and their differential binding by myelin basic protein of bovine central nervous system. Neurosci. Lett. 179, 75-78.
37. Bessonov K., Bamm V. V., and, Harauz G., (2010) Misincorporation of the proline homologue Aze (azetidine-2-carboxylic acid) into recombinant myelin basic protein. Phytochemistry 71, 502-507.
38. Bessonov K., Vassall K. A., and, Harauz G., (2013) Parameterization of the proline analogue Aze (azetidine-2-carboxylic acid) for molecular dynamics simulations and evaluation of its effect on homo-pentapeptide conformations. J. Mol. Graph. Model. 39, 118-125.
39. Billings-Gagliardi S., Nunnari J. J., and, Wolf M. K., (2001) Rumpshaker behaves like juvenile-lethal Plp mutations when combined with shiverer in double mutant mice. Dev. Neurosci. 23, 7-16.
40. Boccaccio G. L., and, Colman D. R., (1995) Myelin basic protein mRNA localization and polypeptide targeting. J. Neurosci. Res. 42, 277-286.
41. Boccaccio G. L., Carminatti H., and, Colman D. R., (1999) Subcellular fractionation and association with the cytoskeleton of messengers encoding myelin proteins. J. Neurosci. Res. 58, 480-491.
42. Boggs J. M., (2006) Myelin basic protein: a multifunctional protein. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 63, 1945-1961.
43. Boggs J. M., (2008a) Myelin Basic Protein. Nova Science Publishers, Hauppauge, NY.
44. Boggs J. M., (2008b) Myelin basic protein interactions with actin and tubulin in vitro: Binding, assembly, and regulation, in Myelin Basic Protein, (, Boggs J. M., ed.), pp. 149-167. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
45. Boggs J. M., and, Rangaraj G., (2000) Interaction of lipid-bound myelin basic protein with actin filaments and calmodulin. Biochemistry 39, 7799-7806.
46. Boggs J. M., Moscarello M. A., and, Papahadjopoulos D,. (1982) Structural organization of myelin: Role of lipid-protein interactions determined in model systems, in Lipid-Protein Interactions, (, Jost P. C., and, Griffith O. H,., eds), pp. 1-51. Wiley-Interscience, New York.
47. Boggs J. M., Yip P. M., Rangaraj G., and, Jo E., (1997) Effect of posttranslational modifications to myelin basic protein on its ability to aggregate acidic lipid vesicles. Biochemistry 36, 5065-5071.
48. Boggs J. M., Rangaraj G., Koshy K. M., and, Mueller J. P., (2000) Adhesion of acidic lipid vesicles by 21.5 kDa (recombinant) and 18.5 kDa isoforms of myelin basic protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1463, 81-87.
49. Boggs J. M., Wang H., Gao W., Arvanitis D. N., Gong Y., and, Min W., (2004) A glycosynapse in myelin? Glycoconj. J. 21, 97-110.
50. Boggs J. M., Rangaraj G., Hill C. M. D., Bates I. R., Heng Y. M., and, Harauz G., (2005) Effect of arginine loss in myelin basic protein, as occurs in its deiminated charge isoform, on mediation of actin polymerization and actin binding to a lipid membrane in vitro. Biochemistry 44, 3524-3534.
51. Boggs J. M., Rangaraj G., Gao W., and, Heng Y. M., (2006) Effect of phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by MAPK on its interactions with actin and actin binding to a lipid membrane in vitro. Biochemistry 45, 391-401.
52. Boggs J. M., Bates I. R., Musse A. A., and, Harauz G,. (2008a) Interactions of the 18.5 kDa myelin basic protein with lipid bilayers: Studies by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and implications for generation of autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis, in Myelin Basic Protein, (, Boggs J. M., ed), pp. 105-125. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
53. Boggs J. M., Gao W., and, Hirahara Y., (2008b) Myelin glycosphingolipids, galactosylceramide and sulfatide, participate in carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions between apposed membranes and may form glycosynapses between oligodendrocyte and/or myelin membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1780, 445-455.
54. Boggs J. M., Gao W., and, Hirahara Y., (2008c) Signal transduction pathways involved in interaction of galactosylceramide/sulfatide-containing liposomes with cultured oligodendrocytes and requirement for myelin basic protein and glycosphingolipids. J. Neurosci. Res. 86, 1448-1458.
55. Boggs J. M., Rangaraj G., Heng Y. M., Liu Y., and, Harauz G., (2011) Myelin basic protein binds microtubules to a membrane surface and to actin filaments in vitro: effect of phosphorylation and deimination. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1808, 761-773.
56. Boggs J. M., Rangaraj G., and, Dicko A., (2012) Effect of phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol on myelin basic protein-mediated binding of actin filaments to lipid bilayers in vitro. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1818, 2217-2227.
57. Bradl M., and, Lassmann H., (2010) Oligodendrocytes: biology and pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 119, 37-53.
58. Brophy P. J., Boccaccio G. L., and, Colman D. R., (1993) The distribution of myelin basic protein mRNAs within myelinating oligodendrocytes. Trends Neurosci. 16, 515-521.
59. Brunner A. M., Tweedie-Cullen R. Y., and, Mansuy I. M., (2012) Epigenetic modifications of the neuroproteome. Proteomics 12, 2404-2420.
60. Bu J., Banki A., Wu Q., and, Nishiyama A., (2004) Increased NG2(+) glial cell proliferation and oligodendrocyte generation in the hypomyelinating mutant shiverer. Glia 48, 51-63.
61. Bund T., Boggs J. M., Harauz G., Hellmann N., and, Hinderberger D., (2010) Copper uptake induces self-assembly of 18.5 kDa myelin basic protein (MBP). Biophys. J. 99, 3020-3028.
62. Butt A. M., Ibrahim M., and, Berry M., (1997) The relationship between developing oligodendrocyte units and maturing axons during myelinogenesis in the anterior medullary velum of neonatal rats. J. Neurocytol. 26, 327-338.
63. Byravan S., Foster L. M., Phan T., Verity A. N., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1994) Murine oligodendroglial cells express nerve growth factor. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 8812-8816.
64. Cammer W., Sacchi R., Kahn S., and, Sapirstein V., (1985) Oligodendroglial structures and distribution shown by carbonic anhydrase immunostaining in the spinal cords of developing normal and shiverer mice. J. Neurosci. Res. 14, 303-316.
65. Campagnoni A. T., and, Campagnoni C,. (2004) Myelin basic protein gene, in Myelin Biology and Disorders, (, Lazzarini R. A., Griffin J. W., Lassman H., Nave K.-A., Miller R. H., and, Trapp B. D,., eds), pp. 387-400. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego.
66. Campagnoni A. T., and, Macklin W. B., (1988) Cellular and molecular aspects of myelin protein gene expression. Mol. Neurobiol. 2, 41-89.
67. Campagnoni A. T., Pribyl T. M., Campagnoni C. W., Kampf K., Amur-Umarjee S., Landry C. F., Handley V. W., Newman S. L., Garbay B., and, Kitamura K., (1993) Structure and developmental regulation of Golli-mbp, a 105-kilobase gene that encompasses the myelin basic protein gene and is expressed in cells in the oligodendrocyte lineage in the brain. J. Biol. Chem. 268, 4930-4938.
68. Capello E., Voskuhl R. R., McFarland H. F., and, Raine C. S., (1997) Multiple sclerosis: re-expression of a developmental gene in chronic lesions correlates with remyelination. Ann. Neurol. 41, 797-805.
69. Caprariello A. V., Mangla S., Miller R. H., and, Selkirk S. M., (2012) Apoptosis of oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system results in rapid focal demyelination. Ann. Neurol. 72, 395-405.
70. Carnegie P. R., and, Lumsden C. E., (1966) Encephalitogenic peptides from spinal cord. Nature 209, 1354-1355.
71. Carnegie P. R., Dunkley P. R., Kemp B. E., and, Murray A. W., (1974) Phosphorylation of selected serine and threonine residues in myelin basic protein by endogenous and exogenous protein kinases. Nature 249, 147-150.
72. Carson J. H., and, Barbarese E., (2005) Systems analysis of RNA trafficking in neural cells. Biol. Cell 97, 51-62.
73. Carson J. H., Worboys K., Ainger K., and, Barbarese E., (1997) Translocation of myelin basic protein mRNA in oligodendrocytes requires microtubules and kinesin. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 38, 318-328.
74. Carson J. H., Kwon S., and, Barbarese E., (1998) RNA trafficking in myelinating cells. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 8, 607-612.
75. Carson J. H., Gao Y., Tatavarty V., Levin M. K., Korza G., Francone V. P., Kosturko L. D., Maggipinto M. J., and, Barbarese E., (2008) Multiplexed RNA trafficking in oligodendrocytes and neurons. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1779, 453-458.
76. Cerghet M., Skoff R. P., Bessert D., Zhang Z., Mullins C., and, Ghandour M. S., (2006) Proliferation and death of oligodendrocytes and myelin proteins are differentially regulated in male and female rodents. J. Neurosci. 26, 1439-1447.
77. Ciesla J., Fraczyk T., and, Rode W., (2011) Phosphorylation of basic amino acid residues in proteins: important but easily missed. Acta Biochim. Pol. 58, 137-148.
78. Collins M. O., Yu L., Campuzano I., Grant S. G., and, Choudhary J. S., (2008) Phosphoproteomic analysis of the mouse brain cytosol reveals a predominance of protein phosphorylation in regions of intrinsic sequence disorder. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 7, 1331-1348.
79. Colman D. R., Kreibich G., Frey A. B., and, Sabatini D. D., (1982) Synthesis and incorporation of myelin polypeptides into CNS myelin. J. Cell Biol. 95, 598-608.
80. Colman D. R., Staugaitis S. M., D'Urso D., Sinoway M. P., Allinquant B., Bernier L., Mentaberry A., Stempak J. G., and, Brophy P. J., (1990) Physiologic properties of myelin proteins revealed by their expression in nonglial cells. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 605, 294-301.
81. Cooke J., Nowak M. A., Boerlijst M., and, Maynard-Smith J., (1997) Evolutionary origins and maintenance of redundant gene expression during metazoan development. Trends Genet. 13, 360-364.
82. Copray S., Huynh J. L., Sher F., Casaccia-Bonnefil P., and, Boddeke E., (2009) Epigenetic mechanisms facilitating oligodendrocyte development, maturation, and aging. Glia 57, 1579-1587.
83. Dagliyan O., Proctor E. A., D'Auria K. M., Ding F., and, Dokholyan N. V., (2011) Structural and dynamic determinants of protein-peptide recognition. Structure 19, 1837-1845.
84. Das R. K., Mittal A., and, Pappu R. V., (2013) How is functional specificity achieved through disordered regions of proteins? BioEssays 35, 17-22.
85. DeBruin L. S., and, Harauz G., (2007) White matter rafting-membrane microdomains in myelin. Neurochem. Res. 32, 213-228.
86. DeBruin L. S., Haines J. D., Wellhauser L. A., Radeva G., Schonmann V., Bienzle D., and, Harauz G., (2005) Developmental partitioning of myelin basic protein into membrane microdomains. J. Neurosci. Res. 80, 211-225.
87. DeBruin L. S., Haines J. D., Bienzle D., and, Harauz G., (2006) Partitioning of myelin basic protein into membrane microdomains in a spontaneously demyelinating mouse model for multiple sclerosis. Biochem. Cell Biol. 84, 993-1005.
88. Deibler G. E., Stone A. L., and, Kies M. W., (1990) Role of phosphorylation in conformational adaptability of bovine myelin basic protein. Proteins 7, 32-40.
89. Devaux J., and, Gow A., (2008) Tight junctions potentiate the insulative properties of small CNS myelinated axons. J. Cell Biol. 183, 909-921.
90. Disfani F. M., Hsu W. L., Mizianty M. J., Oldfield C. J., Xue B., Dunker A. K., Uversky V. N., and, Kurgan L., (2012) MoRFpred, a computational tool for sequence-based prediction and characterization of short disorder-to-order transitioning binding regions in proteins. Bioinformatics 28, i75-i83.
91. Dogan J., Schmidt T., Mu X., Engstrom A., and, Jemth P., (2012) Fast association and slow transitions in the interaction between two intrinsically disordered protein domains. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 34316-34324.
92. Du Y., Lercher L. D., Zhou R., and, Dreyfus C. F., (2006) Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway mediates effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on differentiation of basal forebrain oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 84, 1692-1702.
93. Dubois-Dalcq M., Ffrench-Constant C., and, Franklin R. J., (2005) Enhancing central nervous system remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Neuron 48, 9-12.
94. Dupouey P., Jacque C., Bourre J. M., Cesselin F., Privat A., and, Baumann N., (1979) Immunochemical studies of myelin basic protein in shiverer mouse devoid of major dense line of myelin. Neurosci. Lett. 12, 113-118.
95. Dyer C. A,. (1997) Myelin proteins as mediators of signal transduction, in Cell Biology and Pathology of Myelin: Evolving Biological Concepts and Therapeutic Approaches (, Juurlink B. H. J., Devon R. M., Doucette J. R., Nazarali A. J., Schreyer D. J., and, Verge V. M. K,., eds), pp. 69-74. Plenum Press, New York.
96. Dyer C. A., Philibotte T. M., Wolf M. K., and, Billings-Gagliardi S., (1994) Myelin basic protein mediates extracellular signals that regulate microtubule stability in oligodendrocyte membrane sheets. J. Neurosci. Res. 39, 97-107.
97. Dyer C. A., Philibotte T. M., Billings-Gagliardi S., and, Wolf M. K., (1995) Cytoskeleton in myelin-basic-protein-deficient shiverer oligodendrocytes. Dev. Neurosci. 17, 53-62.
98. Dyer C. A., Phillbotte T., Wolf M. K., and, Billings-Gagliardi S., (1997) Regulation of cytoskeleton by myelin components: studies on shiverer oligodendrocytes carrying an Mbp transgene. Dev. Neurosci. 19, 395-409.
99. Earl C., Chantry A., Mohammad N., and, Glynn P., (1988) Zinc ions stabilise the association of basic protein with brain myelin membranes. J. Neurochem. 51, 718-724.
100. Eichberg J., and, Iyer S., (1996) Phosphorylation of myelin protein: recent advances. Neurochem. Res. 21, 527-535.
101. Emery B., (2010) Regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Science 330, 779-782.
102. Fanning A. S., Jameson B. J., Jesaitis L. A., and, Anderson J. M., (1998) The tight junction protein ZO-1 establishes a link between the transmembrane protein occludin and the actin cytoskeleton. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 29745-29753.
103. Farès C., Libich D. S., and, Harauz G., (2006) Solution NMR structure of an immunodominant epitope of myelin basic protein. Conformational dependence on environment of an intrinsically unstructured protein. FEBS J. 273, 601-614.
104. Feng J. M., Hu Y. K., Xie L. H., Colwell C. S., Shao X. M., Sun X. P., Chen B., Tang H., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2006) Golli protein negatively regulates store depletion-induced calcium influx in T cells. Immunity 24, 717-727.
105. de Ferra F., Engh H., Hudson L., Kamholz J., Puckett C., Molineaux S., and, Lazzarini R. A., (1985) Alternative splicing accounts for the four forms of myelin basic protein. Cell 43, 721-727.
106. Fields R. D., (2005) Myelination: an overlooked mechanism of synaptic plasticity? Neuroscientist 11, 528-531.
107. Filipovic R., and, Zecevic N., (2005) Interaction between microglia and oligodendrocyte cell progenitors involves Golli proteins. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1048, 166-174.
108. Filipovic R., Rakic S., and, Zecevic N., (2002) Expression of Golli proteins in adult human brain and multiple sclerosis lesions. J. Neuroimmunol. 127, 1-12.
109. Fitzner D., Schneider A., Kippert A., Mobius W., Willig K. I., Hell S. W., Bunt G., Gaus K., and, Simons M., (2006) Myelin basic protein-dependent plasma membrane reorganization in the formation of myelin. EMBO J. 25, 5037-5048.
110. Foster L. M., Phan T., Verity A. N., Bredesen D., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1993) Generation and analysis of normal and shiverer temperature-sensitive immortalized cell lines exhibiting phenotypic characteristics of oligodendrocytes at several stages of differentiation. Dev. Neurosci. 15, 100-109.
111. Foster L. M., Landry C., Phan T., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1995) Conditionally immortalized oligodendrocyte cell lines migrate to different brain regions and elaborate 'myelin-like' membranes after transplantation into neonatal shiverer mouse brains. Dev. Neurosci. 17, 160-170.
112. Fragoso G., Haines J. D., Roberston J., Pedraza L., Mushynski W. E., and, Almazan G., (2007) p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is required for central nervous system myelination. Glia 55, 1531-1541.
113. Franklin R. J., (2002) Why does remyelination fail in multiple sclerosis? Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 3, 705-714.
114. Fulton D., Paez P. M., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2010a) The multiple roles of myelin protein genes during the development of the oligodendrocyte. ASN Neuro 2, e00027.
115. Fulton D., Paez P. M., Fisher R., Handley V., Colwell C. S., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2010b) Regulation of L-type Ca(++) currents and process morphology in white matter oligodendrocyte precursor cells by golli-myelin proteins. Glia 58, 1292-1303.
116. Fuxreiter M., and, Tompa P., (2012) Fuzzy complexes: a more stochastic view of protein function. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 725, 1-14.
117. Fyffe-Maricich S. L., Karlo J. C., Landreth G. E., and, Miller R. H., (2011) The ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates the timing of oligodendrocyte differentiation. J. Neurosci. 31, 843-850.
118. Galiano M. R., and, Hallak M. E., (2008) Phosphorylation of MBP Increased its Interaction With Microtubules in Oligodendrocytes, in Neuroscience 2008. Society for Neuroscience, Washington, DC.
119. Galiano M. R., Andrieux A., Deloulme J. C., Bosc C., Schweitzer A., Job D., and, Hallak M. E., (2006) Myelin basic protein functions as a microtubule stabilizing protein in differentiated oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 84, 534-541.
120. Galiano M. R., Lopez Sambrooks C., and, Hallak M. E., (2008) Insights into the interaction of myelin basic protein with microtubules, in Myelin Basic Protein, (, Boggs J. M., ed.), pp. 129-147. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
121. Ganguly D., Otieno S., Waddell B., Iconaru L., Kriwacki R. W., and, Chen J., (2012) Electrostatically accelerated coupled binding and folding of intrinsically disordered proteins. J. Mol. Biol. 422, 674-684.
122. Gielen E., Baron W., Vandeven M., Steels P., Hoekstra D., and, Ameloot M., (2006) Rafts in oligodendrocytes: evidence and structure-function relationship. Glia 54, 499-512.
123. Gillespie C. S., Wilson R., Davidson A., and, Brophy P. J., (1989) Characterization of a cytoskeletal matrix associated with myelin from rat brain. Biochem. J. 260, 689-696.
124. Gillespie C. S., Trapp B. D., Colman D. R., and, Brophy P. J., (1990) Distribution of myelin basic protein and P2 mRNAs in rabbit spinal cord oligodendrocytes. J. Neurochem. 54, 1556-1561.
125. Givogri M. I., Bongarzone E. R., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2000) New insights on the biology of myelin basic protein gene: the neural-immune connection. J. Neurosci. Res. 59, 153-159.
126. Givogri M. I., Bongarzone E. R., Schonmann V., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2001) Expression and regulation of golli products of myelin basic protein gene during in vitro development of oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 66, 679-690.
127. Gopalakrishnan G., Awasthi A., Belkaid W., De F. O. Jr, Liazoghli D., Colman D. R., and, Dhaunchak A. S., (2013) Lipidome and proteome map of myelin membranes. J. Neurosci. Res. 91, 321-334.
128. Gorath M., Stahnke T., Mronga T., Goldbaum O., and, Richter-Landsberg C., (2001) Developmental changes of tau protein and mRNA in cultured rat brain oligodendrocytes. Glia 36, 89-101.
129. Goswami T., Li X., Smith A. M., Luderowski E. M., Vincent J. J., Rush J., and, Ballif B. A., (2012) Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of neonatal and adult murine brain. Proteomics 12, 2185-2189.
130. Gould R. M., Byrd A. L., and, Barbarese E., (1995) The number of Schmidt-Lanterman incisures is more than doubled in shiverer PNS myelin sheaths. J. Neurocytol. 24, 85-98.
131. Gow A., and, Devaux J., (2008) A model of tight junction function in central nervous system myelinated axons. Neuron Glia Biol. 4, 307-317.
132. Guardiola-Diaz H. M., Ishii A., and, Bansal R., (2012) Erk1/2 MAPK and mTOR signaling sequentially regulates progression through distinct stages of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Glia 60, 476-486.
133. Haines J. D., Fragoso G., Hossain S., Mushynski W. E., and, Almazan G., (2008) p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates myelination. J. Mol. Neurosci. 35, 23-33.
134. Hakomori S., (2004a) Carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate interaction, through glycosynapse, as a basis of cell recognition and membrane organization. Glycoconj. J. 21, 125-137.
135. Hakomori S., (2004b) Glycosynapses: microdomains controlling carbohydrate-dependent cell adhesion and signaling. An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 76, 553-572.
136. Harauz G., and, Libich D. S., (2009) The classic basic protein of myelin-conserved structural motifs and the dynamic molecular barcode involved in membrane adhesion and protein-protein interactions. Curr. Protein Pept. Sci. 10, 196-215.
137. Harauz G., and, Musse A. A., (2007) A tale of two citrullines-structural and functional aspects of myelin basic protein deimination in health and disease. Neurochem. Res. 32, 137-158.
138. Harauz G., Ishiyama N., Hill C. M. D., Bates I. R., Libich D. S., and, Farès C., (2004) Myelin basic protein-diverse conformational states of an intrinsically unstructured protein and its roles in myelin assembly and multiple sclerosis. Micron 35, 503-542.
139. Harauz G., Ladizhansky V., and, Boggs J. M., (2009) Structural polymorphism and multifunctionality of myelin basic protein. Biochemistry 48, 8094-8104.
140. Hardy R. J., Lazzarini R. A., Colman D. R., and, Friedrich V. L. Jr, (1996) Cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of myelin basic proteins reveals heterogeneity among oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 46, 246-257.
141. Hartman B. K., Agrawal H. C., Agrawal D., and, Kalmbach S., (1982) Development and maturation of central nervous system myelin: comparison of immunohistochemical localization of proteolipid protein and basic protein in myelin and oligodendrocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 79, 4217-4220.
142. Hayashi A., Nakashima K., Yamagishi K., Hoshi T., Suzuki A., and, Baba H., (2007) Localization of annexin II in the paranodal regions and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures in the peripheral nervous system. Glia 55, 1044-1052.
143. Hill C. M. D., and, Harauz G., (2005) Charge effects modulate actin assembly by classic myelin basic protein isoforms. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 329, 362-369.
144. Hill C. M. D., Bates I. R., White G. F., Hallett F. R., and, Harauz G., (2002) Effects of the osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide on conformation, self-association, and two-dimensional crystallization of myelin basic protein. J. Struct. Biol. 139, 13-26.
145. Hill C. M. D., Libich D. S., and, Harauz G., (2005) Assembly of tubulin by classic myelin basic protein isoforms and regulation by post-translational modification. Biochemistry 44, 16672-16683.
146. Hirschberg D., Radmark O., Jornvall H., and, Bergman T., (2003) Thr94 in bovine myelin basic protein is a second phosphorylation site for 42-kDa mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK2). J. Protein Chem. 22, 177-181.
147. Homchaudhuri L., Polverini E., Gao W., Harauz G., and, Boggs J. M., (2009) Influence of membrane surface charge and post-translational modifications to myelin basic protein on its ability to tether the Fyn-SH3 domain to a membrane in vitro. Biochemistry 48, 2385-2393.
148. Homchaudhuri L., De Avila M., Nilsson S. B., Bessonov K., Smith G. S., Bamm V. V., Musse A. A., Harauz G., and, Boggs J. M., (2010) Secondary structure and solvent accessibility of a calmodulin-binding C-terminal segment of membrane-associated myelin basic protein. Biochemistry 49, 8955-8966.
149. Hsu W. L., Oldfield C., Meng J., Huang F., Xue B., Uversky V. N., Romero P., and, Dunker A. K,. (2012) Intrinsic protein disorder and protein-protein interactions. Pac. Symp. Biocomput. 17, 116-127.
150. Hu Y., Doudevski I., Wood D., Moscarello M., Husted C., Genain C., Zasadzinski J. A., and, Israelachvili J., (2004) Synergistic interactions of lipids and myelin basic protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 13466-13471.
151. Huynh J. L., and, Casaccia P., (2010) Defining the chromatin landscape in demyelinating disorders. Neurobiol. Dis. 39, 47-52.
152. Iakoucheva L. M., Radivojac P., Brown C. J., O'Connor T. R., Sikes J. G., Obradovic Z., and, Dunker A. K., (2004) The importance of intrinsic disorder for protein phosphorylation. Nucleic Acids Res. 32, 1037-1049.
153. Inoue Y., Nakamura R., Mikoshiba K., and, Tsukada Y., (1981) Fine structure of the central myelin sheath in the myelin deficient mutant Shiverer mouse, with special reference to the pattern of myelin formation by oligodendroglia. Brain Res. 219, 85-94.
154. Inoue Y., Inoue K., Terashima T., Mikoshiba K., and, Tsukada Y., (1983) Developmental changes of oligodendroglia in the posterior funiculus of "Shiverer" mutant mouse spinal cord, with special reference to myelin formation. Anat. Embryol. (Berl) 168, 159-171.
155. Inouye H., and, Kirschner D. A., (1988) Membrane interactions in nerve myelin: II. Determination of surface charge from biochemical data. Biophys. J. 53, 247-260.
156. Inouye H., Ganser A. L., and, Kirschner D. A., (1985) Shiverer and normal peripheral myelin compared: basic protein localization, membrane interactions, and lipid composition. J. Neurochem. 45, 1911-1922.
157. Ioannidou K., Anderson K. I., Strachan D., Edgar J. M., and, Barnett S. C., (2012) Time-lapse imaging of the dynamics of CNS glial-axonal interactions in vitro and ex vivo. PLoS ONE 7, e30775.
158. Ishii A., Fyffe-Maricich S. L., Furusho M., Miller R. H., and, Bansal R., (2012) ERK1/ERK2 MAPK signaling is required to increase myelin thickness independent of oligodendrocyte differentiation and initiation of myelination. J. Neurosci. 32, 8855-8864.
159. Ishiyama N., Bates I. R., Hill C. M. D., Wood D. D., Matharu P., Viner N. J., Moscarello M. A., and, Harauz G., (2001) The effects of deimination of myelin basic protein on structures formed by its interaction with phosphoinositide-containing lipid monolayers. J. Struct. Biol. 136, 30-45.
160. Jacobs E. C., Pribyl T. M., Kampf K., et al,. (2005) Region-specific myelin pathology in mice lacking the golli products of the myelin basic protein gene. J. Neurosci. 25, 7004-7013.
161. Jacobs E. C., Reyes S. D., Campagnoni C. W., Givogri I., Kampf K., Handley V., Spreuer V., Fisher R., Macklin W., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2009) Targeted overexpression of a golli-myelin basic protein isoform to oligodendrocytes results in aberrant oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. ASN Neuro 1, e00017.
162. Jarjour A. A., Zhang H., Bauer N., Ffrench-Constant C., and, Williams A., (2012) In vitro modeling of central nervous system myelination and remyelination. Glia 60, 1-12.
163. Jo E., and, Boggs J. M., (1995) Aggregation of acidic lipid vesicles by myelin basic protein: dependence on potassium concentration. Biochemistry 34, 13705-13716.
164. Jordan C., Friedrich V. Jr, and, Dubois-Dalcq M., (1989) In situ hybridization analysis of myelin gene transcripts in developing mouse spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 9, 248-257.
165. Kalwy S., Marty M. C., Bausero P., and, Pessac B., (1998) Myelin basic protein-related proteins in mouse brain and immune tissues. J. Neurochem. 70, 435-438.
166. Kamholz J., de Ferra F., Puckett C., and, Lazzarini R., (1986) Identification of three forms of human myelin basic protein by cDNA cloning. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 4962-4966.
167. Kamholz J., Toffenetti J., and, Lazzarini R. A., (1988) Organization and expression of the human myelin basic protein gene. J. Neurosci. Res. 21, 62-70.
168. Karthigasan J., Kosaras B., Nguyen J., and, Kirschner D. A., (1994) Protein and lipid composition of radial component-enriched CNS myelin. J. Neurochem. 62, 1203-1213.
169. Karthigasan J., Garvey J. S., Ramamurthy G. V., and, Kirschner D. A., (1996) Immunolocalization of 17 and 21.5 kDa MBP isoforms in compact myelin and radial component. J. Neurocytol. 25, 1-7.
170. Kattnig D. R., Bund T., Boggs J. M., Harauz G., and, Hinderberger D., (2012) Lateral self-assembly of 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein (MBP) charge component-C1 on membranes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1818, 2636-2647.
171. Kies M. W., (1982) Myelin basic protein. Scand. J. Immunol. Suppl. 9, 125-146.
172. Kies M. W., Martenson R. E., and, Deibler G. E., (1972) Myelin basic proteins. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 32, 201-214.
173. Kim J. K., Mastronardi F. G., Wood D. D., Lubman D. M., Zand R., and, Moscarello M. A., (2003) Multiple sclerosis: an important role for post-translational modifications of myelin basic protein in pathogenesis. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 2, 453-462.
174. Kim H. J., Kim Y. J., Kang J. H., et al,. (2008) Myelin basic protein is temporospatially expressed in developing rat molars. Eur. J. Oral Sci. 116, 418-423.
175. Kimura M., Sato M., Akatsuka A., Nozawa-Kimura S., Takahashi R., Yokoyama M., Nomura T., and, Katsuki M., (1989) Restoration of myelin formation by a single type of myelin basic protein in transgenic shiverer mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 86, 5661-5665.
176. Kirschner D. A., and, Ganser A. L., (1980) Compact myelin exists in the absence of basic protein in the shiverer mutant mouse. Nature 283, 207-210.
177. Kitamura K., Newman S. L., Campagnoni C. W., Verdi J. M., Mohandas T., Handley V. W., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1990) Expression of a novel transcript of the myelin basic protein gene. J. Neurochem. 54, 2032-2041.
178. Klein C., Kramer E. M., Cardine A. M., Schraven B., Brandt R., and, Trotter J., (2002) Process outgrowth of oligodendrocytes is promoted by interaction of Fyn kinase with the cytoskeletal protein tau. J. Neurosci. 22, 698-707.
179. Koch M. W., Metz L. M., and, Kovalchuk O., (2012) Epigenetic changes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 9, 35-43.
180. Kolehmainen E., and, Sormunen R., (1998) Myelin basic protein induces morphological changes in the endocrine pancreas. Pancreas 16, 176-188.
181. Kosaras B., and, Kirschner D. A., (1990) Radial component of CNS myelin: junctional subunit structure and supramolecular assembly. J. Neurocytol. 19, 187-199.
182. Krämer E. M., Schardt A., and, Nave K. A., (2001) Membrane traffic in myelinating oligodendrocytes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52, 656-671.
183. Krämer-Albers E. M., and, White R., (2011) From axon-glial signalling to myelination: the integrating role of oligodendroglial Fyn kinase. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 2003-2012.
184. Kuhlmann T., Miron V., Cui Q., Wegner C., Antel J., and, Bruck W., (2008) Differentiation block of oligodendroglial progenitor cells as a cause for remyelination failure in chronic multiple sclerosis. Brain 131, 1749-1758.
185. Kursula P., (2001) The current status of structural studies on proteins of the myelin sheath (Review). Int. J. Mol. Med. 8, 475-479.
186. Kursula P., (2008) Structural properties of proteins specific to the myelin sheath. Amino Acids 34, 175-185.
187. Landry C. F., Ellison J. A., Pribyl T. M., Campagnoni C., Kampf K., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1996) Myelin basic protein gene expression in neurons: developmental and regional changes in protein targeting within neuronal nuclei, cell bodies, and processes. J. Neurosci. 16, 2452-2462.
188. Landry C. F., Ellison J., Skinner E., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1997) Golli-MBP proteins mark the earliest stages of fiber extension and terminal arboration in the mouse peripheral nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 50, 265-271.
189. Landry C. F., Pribyl T. M., Ellison J. A., Givogri M. I., Kampf K., Campagnoni C. W., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1998) Embryonic expression of the myelin basic protein gene: identification of a promoter region that targets transgene expression to pioneer neurons. J. Neurosci. 18, 7315-7327.
190. Larocque D., Pilotte J., Chen T., Cloutier F., Massie B., Pedraza L., Couture R., Lasko P., Almazan G., and, Richard S., (2002) Nuclear retention of MBP mRNAs in the quaking viable mice. Neuron 36, 815-829.
191. Laursen L. S., Chan C. W., and, Ffrench-Constant C., (2011) Translation of myelin basic protein mRNA in oligodendrocytes is regulated by integrin activation and hnRNP-K. J. Cell Biol. 192, 797-811.
192. Li X., Ionescu A. V., Lynn B. D., Lu S., Kamasawa N., Morita M., Davidson K. G., Yasumura T., Rash J. E., and, Nagy J. I., (2004) Connexin47, connexin29 and connexin32 co-expression in oligodendrocytes and Cx47 association with zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in mouse brain. Neuroscience 126, 611-630.
193. Liazoghli D., Roth A. D., Thostrup P., and, Colman D. R., (2012) Substrate micropatterning as a new in vitro cell culture system to study myelination. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 3, 90-95.
194. Libich D. S., and, Harauz G., (2008) Backbone dynamics of the 18.5 kDa isoform of myelin basic protein reveals transient α-helices and a calmodulin-binding site. Biophys. J. 94, 4847-4866.
195. Libich D. S., Hill C. M. D., Bates I. R., Hallett F. R., Armstrong S., Siemiarczuk A., and, Harauz G., (2003a) Interaction of the 18.5-kD isoform of myelin basic protein with Ca2 + -calmodulin: effects of deimination assessed by intrinsic Trp fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism. Protein Sci. 12, 1507-1521.
196. Libich D. S., Hill C. M. D., Haines J. D., and, Harauz G., (2003b) Myelin basic protein has multiple calmodulin-binding sites. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 308, 313-319.
197. Libich D. S., Ahmed M. A. M., Zhong L., Bamm V. V., Ladizhansky V., and, Harauz G,. (2010) Fuzzy complexes of myelin basic protein-NMR spectroscopic investigations of a polymorphic organizational linker of the central nervous system. Biochem. Cell Biol. 88, 143-155.
198. LoPresti P., Szuchet S., Papasozomenos S. C., Zinkowski R. P., and, Binder L. I., (1995) Functional implications for the microtubule-associated protein tau: localization in oligodendrocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 92, 10369-10373.
199. Lu Z., Ku L., Chen Y., and, Feng Y., (2005) Developmental abnormalities of myelin basic protein expression in fyn knock-out brain reveal a role of Fyn in posttranscriptional regulation. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 389-395.
200. Maier O., Hoekstra D., and, Baron W., (2008) Polarity development in oligodendrocytes: sorting and trafficking of myelin components. J. Mol. Neurosci. 35, 35-53.
201. Martenson R. E., (1978) The use of gel filtration to follow conformational changes in proteins. Conformational flexibility of bovine myelin basic protein. J. Biol. Chem. 253, 8887-8893.
202. Martenson R. E., (1980) Myelin basic protein: what does it do?, in Biochemistry of Brain, (, Kumar S., ed.), pp. 49-79. Pergamon, Oxford.
203. Mastronardi F. G., and, Moscarello M. A., (2008) Deimination of myelin basic protein by PAD enzymes, and their role in multiple sclerosis, in Myelin Basic Protein, (, Boggs J. M., ed.), pp. 31-49. Nova Science Publishers, New York.
204. Matute C., and, Ransom B. R,. (2012) Roles of white matter in central nervous system pathophysiologies. ASN Neuro 4, e00079. doi: 10.1042/AN20110060.
205. Mausbacher N., Schreiber T. B., Machatti M., Schaab C., and, Daub H., (2012) Proteome-wide analysis of temporal phosphorylation dynamics in lysophosphatidic acid-induced signaling. Proteomics 12, 3485-3498.
206. Medveczky P., Antal J., Patthy A., Kekesi K., Juhasz G., Szilagyi L., and, Graf L., (2006) Myelin basic protein, an autoantigen in multiple sclerosis, is selectively processed by human trypsin 4. FEBS Lett. 580, 545-552.
207. Micu I., Ridsdale A., Zhang L., Woulfe J., McClintock J., Brantner C. A., Andrews S. B., and, Stys P. K., (2007) Real-time measurement of free Ca2 + changes in CNS myelin by two-photon microscopy. Nat. Med. 13, 874-879.
208. Millar C. B., (2013) Organizing the genome with H2A histone variants. Biochem. J. 449, 567-579.
209. Miller R. H., (1996) Oligodendrocyte origins. Trends Neurosci. 19, 92-96.
210. Miller R. H., and, Fyffe-Maricich S. L., (2010) Restoring the balance between disease and repair in multiple sclerosis: insights from mouse models. Dis. Model Mech. 3, 535-539.
211. Min Y., Kristiansen K., Boggs J. M., Husted C., Zasadzinski J. A., and, Israelachvili J., (2009) Interaction forces and adhesion of supported myelin lipid bilayers modulated by myelin basic protein. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 3154-3159.
212. Min Y., Alig T. F., Lee D. W., Boggs J. M., Israelachvili J. N., and, Zasadzinski J. A., (2011) Critical and off-critical miscibility transitions in model extracellular and cytoplasmic myelin lipid monolayers. Biophys. J. 100, 1490-1498.
213. Miron V. E., Kuhlmann T., and, Antel J. P., (2011) Cells of the oligodendroglial lineage, myelination, and remyelination. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1812, 184-193.
214. Mittag T., Kay L. E., and, Forman-Kay J. D., (2009) Protein dynamics and conformational disorder in molecular recognition. J. Mol. Recognit. 23, 105-116.
215. Monastyrskaya K., Babiychuk E. B., Hostettler A., Wood P., Grewal T., and, Draeger A., (2009) Plasma membrane-associated annexin A6 reduces Ca2 + entry by stabilizing the cortical actin cytoskeleton. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 17227-17242.
216. Montague P., Kirkham D., McCallion A. S., Davies R. W., Kennedy P. G., Klugmann M., Nave K., and, Griffiths I. R., (1999) Reduced levels of a specific myelin-associated oligodendrocytic basic protein isoform in shiverer myelin. Dev. Neurosci. 21, 36-42.
217. Moscarello M. A., (1990) Myelin basic protein: a dynamically changing structure. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 336, 25-48.
218. Moscarello M. A., (1997) Myelin basic protein, the "executive" molecule of the myelin membrane, in Cell Biology and Pathology of Myelin: Evolving Biological Concepts and Therapeutic Approaches, (, Juurlink B. H. J., Devon R. M., Doucette J. R., Nazarali A. J., Schreyer D. J., and, Verge V. M. K., eds.), pp. 13-25. Plenum Press, New York.
219. Moscarello M. A., Gagnon J., Wood D. D., Anthony J., and, Epand R., (1973) Conformational flexibility of a myelin protein. Biochemistry 12, 3402-3406.
220. Moscarello M. A., Wood D. D., Ackerley C., and, Boulias C., (1994) Myelin in multiple sclerosis is developmentally immature. J. Clin. Invest. 94, 146-154.
221. Moscarello M. A., Mastronardi F. G., and, Wood D. D., (2007) The role of citrullinated proteins suggests a novel mechanism in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Neurochem. Res. 32, 251-256.
222. Muller R., Heinrich M., Heck S., Blohm D., and, Richter-Landsberg C., (1997) Expression of microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau in cultured rat brain oligodendrocytes. Cell Tissue Res. 288, 239-249.
223. Murray N., and, Steck A. J., (1984) Impulse conduction regulates myelin basic protein phosphorylation in rat optic nerve. J. Neurochem. 43, 243-248.
224. Musse A. A., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2006) Deimination of membrane-bound myelin basic protein in multiple sclerosis exposes an immunodominant epitope. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 4422-4427.
225. Musse A. A., Gao W., Homchaudhuri L., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2008a) Myelin basic protein as a "PI(4,5)P2-modulin": a new biological function for a major central nervous system protein. Biochemistry 47, 10372-10382.
226. Musse A. A., Li Z., Ackerley C. A., Bienzle D., Lei H., Poma R., Harauz G., Moscarello M. A., and, Mastronardi F. G., (2008b) Peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) expression in a transgenic mouse leads to specific central nervous system (CNS) myelin instability. Dis. Model Mech. 1, 229-240.
227. + -dependence by phospholipids and assessment of proposed inhibition by paclitaxel side chains. Biochem. Cell Biol. 86, 437-447.
228. Musse A. A., Gao W., Rangaraj G., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2009) Myelin basic protein co-distributes with other PI(4,5)P2-sequestering proteins in Triton X-100 detergent-resistant membrane microdomains. Neurosci. Lett. 450, 32-36.
229. Nakajima K., Ikenaka K., Kagawa T., Aruga J., Nakao J., Nakahira K., Shiota C., Kim S. U., and, Mikoshiba K., (1993) Novel isoforms of mouse myelin basic protein predominantly expressed in embryonic stage. J. Neurochem. 60, 1554-1563.
230. Nardozzi J. D., Lott K., and, Cingolani G., (2010) Phosphorylation meets nuclear import: a review. Cell Commun. Signal. 8, 32.
231. Nawaz S., Kippert A., Saab A. S., Werner H. B., Lang T., Nave K. A., and, Simons M., (2009) Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-dependent interaction of myelin basic protein with the plasma membrane in oligodendroglial cells and its rapid perturbation by elevated calcium. J. Neurosci. 29, 4794-4807.
232. Osterhout D. J., Wolven A., Wolf R. M., Resh M. D., and, Chao M. V., (1999) Morphological differentiation of oligodendrocytes requires activation of Fyn tyrosine kinase. J. Cell Biol. 145, 1209-1218.
233. Paez P. M., Spreuer V., Handley V., Feng J. M., Campagnoni C., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2007) Increased expression of golli myelin basic proteins enhances calcium influx into oligodendroglial cells. J. Neurosci. 27, 12690-12699.
234. Paez P. M., Fulton D. J., Spreuer V., Handley V., Campagnoni C. W., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2009a) Regulation of store-operated and voltage-operated Ca++ channels in the proliferation and death of oligodendrocyte precursor cells by Golli proteins. ASN Neuro 1, e00003.
235. Paez P. M., Fulton D. J., Spreuer V., Handley V., Campagnoni C. W., Macklin W. B., Colwell C., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2009b) Golli myelin basic proteins regulate oligodendroglial progenitor cell migration through voltage-gated Ca2 + influx. J. Neurosci. 29, 6663-6676.
236. Paez P. M., Fulton D. J., Spreur V., Handley V., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2010) Multiple kinase pathways regulate voltage-dependent Ca2 + influx and migration in oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J. Neurosci. 30, 6422-6433.
237. Paez P. M., Fulton D., Spreuer V., Handley V., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2011) Modulation of canonical transient receptor potential channel 1 in the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells by the golli products of the myelin basic protein gene. J. Neurosci. 31, 3625-3637.
238. Paez P. M., Cheli V. T., Ghiani C. A., Spreuer V., Handley V. W., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2012) Golli myelin basic proteins stimulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in remyelinating adult mouse brain. Glia 60, 1078-1093.
239. Pan H., Ren S. C., He X. L., Wei Y. X., Wang R. H., Yang Y., and, Liu J., (2009) [The effects of human 21.5 kDa MBP gene on HepG-2 proliferation and apoptosis] (Article in Chinese). Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 40, 775-779.
240. Pawson T., and, Scott J. D., (2005) Protein phosphorylation in signaling-50 years and counting. Trends Biochem. Sci. 30, 286-290.
241. Pedraza L., (1997) Nuclear transport of myelin basic protein. J. Neurosci. Res. 50, 258-264.
242. Pedraza L., and, Colman D. R., (2000) Fluorescent myelin proteins provide new tools to study the myelination process. J. Neurosci. Res. 60, 697-703.
243. Pedraza L., Fidler L., Staugaitis S. M., and, Colman D. R., (1997) The active transport of myelin basic protein into the nucleus suggests a regulatory role in myelination. Neuron 18, 579-589.
244. Pedraza L., Huang J. K., and, Colman D. R., (2001) Organizing principles of the axoglial apparatus. Neuron 30, 335-344.
245. Penes M. C., Li X., and, Nagy J. I., (2005) Expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and the transcription factor ZO-1-associated nucleic acid-binding protein (ZONAB)-MsY3 in glial cells and colocalization at oligodendrocyte and astrocyte gap junctions in mouse brain. Eur. J. Neurosci. 22, 404-418.
246. Percipalle P., Raju C. S., and, Fukuda N., (2009) Actin-associated hnRNP proteins as transacting factors in the control of mRNA transport and localization. RNA Biol. 6, 171-174.
247. Perez M. J., Ortiz E. H., Roffe M., Soto E. F., and, Pasquini J. M., (2009) Fyn kinase is involved in oligodendroglial cell differentiation induced by apotransferrin. J. Neurosci. Res. 87, 3378-3389.
248. Peterson A. C., and, Bray G. M., (1984) Hypomyelination in the peripheral nervous system of shiverer mice and in shiverer in equilibrium normal chimaera. J. Comp. Neurol. 227, 348-356.
249. Pfeiffer S. E., Warrington A. E., and, Bansal R., (1993) The oligodendrocyte and its many cellular processes. Trends Cell Biol. 3, 191-197.
250. Plattner F., and, Bibb J. A., (2012) Serine and Threonine Phosphorylation, in Basic Neurochemistry: Principles of Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Neurobiology, (, Brady S. T., Siegel G. J., Albers R. W., and, Price D. L., eds.), pp. 467-492. Elsevier/Academic Press, San Diego.
251. Polverini E., Fasano A., Zito F., Riccio P., and, Cavatorta P., (1999) Conformation of bovine myelin basic protein purified with bound lipids. Eur. Biophys. J. 28, 351-355.
252. Polverini E., Boggs J. M., Bates I. R., Harauz G., and, Cavatorta P., (2004) Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modelling of the interaction of myelin basic protein (MBP) with calmodulin (CaM)-diversity and conformational adaptability of MBP CaM-targets. J. Struct. Biol. 148, 353-369.
253. Polverini E., Rangaraj G., Libich D. S., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2008) Binding of the proline-rich segment of myelin basic protein to SH3-domains-Spectroscopic, microarray, and modelling studies of ligand conformation and effects of post-translational modifications. Biochemistry 47, 267-282.
254. Polverini E., Coll E. P., Tieleman D. P., and, Harauz G., (2011) Conformational choreography of a molecular switch region in myelin basic protein-Molecular dynamics shows induced folding and secondary structure type conversion upon threonyl phosphorylation in both aqueous and membrane-associated environments. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1808, 674-683.
255. Popko B., Puckett C., Lai E., Shine H. D., Readhead C., Takahashi N., Hunt S. W. III, Sidman R. L., and, Hood L., (1987) Myelin deficient mice: expression of myelin basic protein and generation of mice with varying levels of myelin. Cell 48, 713-721.
256. Pribyl T. M., Campagnoni C. W., Kampf K., Kashima T., Handley V. W., McMahon J., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1993) The human myelin basic protein gene is included within a 179-kilobase transcription unit: expression in the immune and central nervous systems. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 10695-10699.
257. Pribyl T. M., Campagnoni C. W., Kampf K., Ellison J. A., Landry C. F., Kashima T., McMahon J., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1996) Expression of the myelin basic protein gene locus in neurons and oligodendrocytes in the human fetal central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 374, 342-353.
258. Privat A., Jacque C., Bourre J. M., Dupouey P., and, Baumann N., (1979) Absence of the major dense line in myelin of the mutant mouse "shiverer". Neurosci. Lett. 12, 107-112.
259. Quarles R. H., Macklin W. B., and, Morell P., (2006) Myelin formation, structure, and biochemistry, in Basic Neurochemistry-Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects, (, Siegel G. J., Albers R. W., Brady S. T., and, Price D. L., eds.), pp. 51-71. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego.
260. Raju C. S., Goritz C., Nord Y., Hermanson O., Lopez-Iglesias C., Visa N., Castelo-Branco G., and, Percipalle P., (2008) In cultured oligodendrocytes the A/B-type hnRNP CBF-A accompanies MBP mRNA bound to mRNA trafficking sequences. Mol. Biol. Cell 19, 3008-3019.
261. Ramwani J., and, Moscarello M. A., (1990) Phosphorylation of charge isomers (components) of human myelin basic protein: identification of phosphorylated sites. J. Neurochem. 55, 1703-1710.
262. Ramwani J. J., Epand R. M., and, Moscarello M. A., (1989) Secondary structure of charge isomers of myelin basic protein before and after phosphorylation. Biochemistry 28, 6538-6543.
263. Rasband M. N., and, Macklin W. B., (2012) Myelin Structure and Biochemistry, in Basic Neurochemistry: Principles of Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Neurobiology, (, Brady S. T., Siegel G. J., Albers R. W., and, Price D. L., eds.), pp. 180-199. Academic Press/Elsevier, San Diego.
264. Readhead C., and, Hood L., (1990) The dysmyelinating mouse mutations shiverer (shi) and myelin deficient (shimld). Behav. Genet. 20, 213-234.
265. Readhead C., Popko B., Takahashi N., Shine H. D., Saavedra R. A., Sidman R. L., and, Hood L., (1987) Expression of a myelin basic protein gene in transgenic shiverer mice: correction of the dysmyelinating phenotype. Cell 48, 703-712.
266. Readhead C., Takasashi N., Shine H. D., Saavedra R., Sidman R., and, Hood L., (1990) Role of myelin basic protein in the formation of central nervous system myelin. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 605, 280-285.
267. Reyes S. D., and, Campagnoni A. T., (2002) Two separate domains in the golli myelin basic proteins are responsible for nuclear targeting and process extension in transfected cells. J. Neurosci. Res. 69, 587-596.
268. Riccio P., Giovannelli S., Bobba A., Romito E., Fasano A., Bleve-Zacheo T., Favilla R., Quagliariello E., and, Cavatorta P., (1995) Specificity of zinc binding to myelin basic protein. Neurochem. Res. 20, 1107-1113.
269. Richter-Landsberg C., (2001) Organization and functional roles of the cytoskeleton in oligodendrocytes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52, 628-636.
270. Richter-Landsberg C., (2008) The cytoskeleton in oligodendrocytes: microtubule dynamics in health and disease. J. Mol. Neurosci. 35, 55-63.
271. Rispoli P., Carzino R., Svaldo-Lanero T., et al,. (2007) A thermodynamic and structural study of myelin basic protein in lipid membrane models. Biophys. J. 93, 1999-2010.
272. Ro H. A., and, Carson J. H., (2004) pH microdomains in oligodendrocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 37115-37123.
273. Roboz-Einstein E., Robertson D. M., DiCaprio J. M., and, Moore W., (1962) Isolation from bovine spinal cord of a homogeneous protein with encephalitogenic activity. J. Neurochem. 9, 353-361.
274. Rosenbluth J., (1980) Peripheral myelin in the mouse mutant Shiverer. J. Comp. Neurol. 193, 729-739.
275. Roux P. P., Shahbazian D., Vu H., Holz M. K., Cohen M. S., Taunton J., Sonenberg N., and, Blenis J., (2007) RAS/ERK signaling promotes site-specific ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation via RSK and stimulates cap-dependent translation. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 14056-14064.
276. Rubenstein E., (2008) Misincorporation of the proline analog azetidine-2-carboxylic acid in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: a hypothesis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 67, 1035-1040.
277. Saher G., Brugger B., Lappe-Siefke C., Mobius W., Tozawa R., Wehr M. C., Wieland F., Ishibashi S., and, Nave K. A., (2005) High cholesterol level is essential for myelin membrane growth. Nat. Neurosci. 8, 468-475.
278. Saher G., Quintes S., and, Nave K. A., (2011) Cholesterol: a novel regulatory role in myelin formation. Neuroscientist 17, 79-93.
279. Schulz P., Cruz T. F., and, Moscarello M. A., (1988) Endogenous phosphorylation of basic protein in myelin of varying degrees of compaction. Biochemistry 27, 7793-7799.
280. Schwob V. S., Clark H. B., Agrawal D., and, Agrawal H. C., (1985) Electron microscopic immunocytochemical localization of myelin proteolipid protein and myelin basic protein to oligodendrocytes in rat brain during myelination. J. Neurochem. 45, 559-571.
281. Seiwa C., Sugiyama I., Yagi T., Iguchi T., and, Asou H., (2000) Fyn tyrosine kinase participates in the compact myelin sheath formation in the central nervous system. Neurosci. Res. 37, 21-31.
282. Seiwa C., Kojima-Aikawa K., Matsumoto I., and, Asou H., (2002) CNS myelinogenesis in vitro: myelin basic protein deficient shiverer oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 69, 305-317.
283. Seiwa C., Yamamoto M., Tanaka K., et al,. (2007) Restoration of FcRgamma/Fyn signaling repairs central nervous system demyelination. J. Neurosci. Res. 85, 954-966.
284. Sher F., Boddeke E., Olah M., and, Copray S., (2012) Dynamic changes in Ezh2 gene occupancy underlie its involvement in neural stem cell self-renewal and differentiation towards oligodendrocytes. PLoS ONE 7, e40399.
285. Sherman D. L., and, Brophy P. J., (2005) Mechanisms of axon ensheathment and myelin growth. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6, 683-690.
286. Sidoli S., Cheng L., and, Jensen O. N., (2012) Proteomics in chromatin biology and epigenetics: elucidation of post-translational modifications of histone proteins by mass spectrometry. J. Proteomics 75, 3419-3433.
287. Simons M., and, Trotter J., (2007) Wrapping it up: the cell biology of myelination. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 17, 533-540.
288. Simons M., Snaidero N., and, Aggarwal S., (2012) Cell polarity in myelinating glia: from membrane flow to diffusion barriers. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1821, 1146-1153.
289. Smith R., (1980) Sedimentation analysis of the self-association of bovine myelin basic protein. Biochemistry 19, 1826-1831.
290. Smith R., (1982) Self-association of myelin basic protein: enhancement by detergents and lipids. Biochemistry 21, 2697-2701.
291. Smith R., (1985) The encephalitogenic protein of myelin forms hexamers in which the polypeptides have a pleated-sheet structure. FEBS Lett. 183, 331-334.
292. Smith R., (1992) The basic protein of CNS myelin: its structure and ligand binding. J. Neurochem. 59, 1589-1608.
293. Smith R., (2004) Moving molecules: mRNA trafficking in mammalian oligodendrocytes and neurons. Neuroscientist 10, 495-500.
294. Smith L. S., Kern C. W., Halpern R. M., and, Smith R. A., (1976) Phosphorylation on basic amino acids in myelin basic protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 71, 459-465.
295. Smith G. S. T., Chen L., Bamm V. V., Dutcher J. R., and, Harauz G., (2010) The interaction of zinc with membrane-associated 18.5 kDa myelin basic protein: an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study. Amino Acids 39, 739-750.
296. Smith G. S. T., Paez P. M., Spreuer V., Campagnoni C. W., Boggs J. M., Campagnoni A. T., and, Harauz G., (2011) Classical 18.5-and 21.5-kDa isoforms of myelin basic protein inhibit calcium influx into oligodendroglial cells, in contrast to golli isoforms. J. Neurosci. Res. 89, 467-480.
297. Smith G. S. T., De Avila M., Paez P. M., Spreuer V., Wills M. K., Jones N., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2012a) Proline substitutions and threonine pseudophosphorylation of the SH3 ligand of 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein decrease its affinity for the Fyn-SH3 domain and alter process development and protein localization in oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 90, 28-47.
298. Smith G. S. T., Homchaudhuri L., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2012b) Classic 18.5- and 21.5-kDa myelin basic protein isoforms associate with cytoskeletal and SH3-domain proteins in the immortalized N19-oligodendroglial cell line stimulated by phorbol ester and IGF-1. Neurochem. Res. 37, 1277-1295.
299. Smith G. S. T., Seymour L. V., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2012c) The 21.5-kDa isoform of myelin basic protein has a non-traditional PY-nuclear-localization signal. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 422, 670-675.
300. Smith G. S. T., Voyer-Grant J. A., and, Harauz G,. (2012d) Monitoring cleaved caspase-3 activity and apoptosis of immortalized oligodendroglial cells using live-cell imaging and cleaveable fluorogenic-dye substrates following potassium-induced membrane depolarization. J. Vis. Exp. 59, Article 3422.
301. Smith G. S. T., Samborska B., Hawley S. P., Klaiman J. M., Gillis T. E., Jones N., Boggs J. M., and, Harauz G., (2013) Nucleus-localized 21.5-kDa myelin basic protein promotes oligodendrocyte proliferation and enhances neurite outgrowth in coculture, unlike the plasma membrane-associated 18.5-kDa isoform. J. Neurosci. Res. 91, 349-362.
302. Smith-Slatas C., and, Barbarese E., (2000) Myelin basic protein gene dosage effects in the PNS. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 15, 343-354.
303. Sobottka B., Ziegler U., Kaech A., Becher B., and, Goebels N., (2011) CNS live imaging reveals a new mechanism of myelination: the liquid croissant model. Glia 59, 1841-1849.
304. Soliven B., Takeda M., and, Szuchet S., (1994) Depolarizing agents and tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulate protein phosphorylation in oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 38, 91-100.
305. Song J., Goetz B. D., Baas P. W., and, Duncan I. D., (2001) Cytoskeletal reorganization during the formation of oligodendrocyte processes and branches. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 17, 624-636.
306. Sperber B. R., and, McMorris F. A., (2001) Fyn tyrosine kinase regulates oligodendroglial cell development but is not required for morphological differentiation of oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 63, 303-312.
307. Sperber B. R., Boyle-Walsh E. A., Engleka M. J., Gadue P., Peterson A. C., Stein P. L., Scherer S. S., and, McMorris F. A., (2001) A unique role for Fyn in CNS myelination. J. Neurosci. 21, 2039-2047.
308. Spiro S., (2012) Genome-wide mapping of the binding sites of proteins that interact with DNA. Methods Mol. Biol. 881, 137-156.
309. Stariha R. L., and, Kim S. U., (2001a) Mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in oligodendrocytes: a comparison of primary cultures and CG-4. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 19, 427-437.
310. Stariha R. L., and, Kim S. U., (2001b) Protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in oligodendrocytes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 52, 680-688.
311. Stariha R. L., Kikuchi S., Siow Y. L., Pelech S. L., Kim M., and, Kim S. U., (1997) Role of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 in oligodendroglial process extension. J. Neurochem. 68, 945-953.
312. Staugaitis S. M., Smith P. R., and, Colman D. R., (1990) Expression of myelin basic protein isoforms in nonglial cells. J. Cell Biol. 110, 1719-1727.
313. Staugaitis S. M., Colman D. R., and, Pedraza L., (1996) Membrane adhesion and other functions for the myelin basic proteins. BioEssays 18, 13-18.
314. Stys P. K., (2011) The axo-myelinic synapse. Trends Neurosci. 34, 393-400.
315. Sugiyama I., Tanaka K., Akita M., Yoshida K., Kawase T., and, Asou H., (2002) Ultrastructural analysis of the paranodal junction of myelinated fibers in 31-month-old-rats. J. Neurosci. Res. 70, 309-317.
316. Sun X., Liu Y., Liu B., Xiao Z., and, Zhang L., (2012) Rolipram promotes remyelination possibly via MEK-ERK signal pathway in cuprizone-induced demyelination mouse. Exp. Neurol. 237, 304-311.
317. Suresh S., Wang C., Nanekar R., Kursula P., and, Edwardson J. M., (2010) Myelin basic protein and myelin protein 2 act synergistically to cause stacking of lipid bilayers. Biochemistry 49, 3456-3463.
318. Tait A. R., and, Straus S. K., (2008) Phosphorylation of U24 from Human Herpes Virus type 6 (HHV-6) and its potential role in mimicking myelin basic protein (MBP) in multiple sclerosis. FEBS Lett. 582, 2685-2688.
319. Taylor C. M., Marta C. B., Bansal R., and, Pfeiffer S. E,. (2004) The Transport, Assembly, and Function of Myelin Lipids, in Myelin Biology and Disorders (, Lazzarini R. A., Griffin J. W., Lassman H., Nave K.-A., Miller R. H., and, Trapp B. D,., eds), pp. 57-88. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego.
320. Tompa P., (2002) Intrinsically unstructured proteins. Trends Biochem. Sci. 27, 527-533.
321. Tompa P., (2005) The interplay between structure and function in intrinsically unstructured proteins. FEBS Lett. 579, 3346-3354.
322. Tompa P., (2009) Structure and Function of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
323. Tompa P., and, Fuxreiter M., (2008) Fuzzy complexes: polymorphism and structural disorder in protein-protein interactions. Trends Biochem. Sci. 33, 2-8.
324. Tompa P., Szasz C., and, Buday L., (2005) Structural disorder throws new light on moonlighting. Trends Biochem. Sci. 30, 484-489.
325. Tompa P., Fuxreiter M., Oldfield C. J., Simon I., Dunker A. K., and, Uversky V. N., (2009) Close encounters of the third kind: disordered domains and the interactions of proteins. BioEssays 31, 328-335.
326. Tosic M., Rakic S., Matthieu J. M., and, Zecevic N., (2002) Identification of Golli and myelin basic proteins in human brain during early development. Glia 37, 219-228.
327. Toulme E., and, Khakh B. S., (2012) Imaging P2X4 receptor lateral mobility in microglia: regulation by calcium and p38 MAPK. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 14734-14748.
328. Trajkovic K., Dhaunchak A. S., Goncalves J. T., Wenzel D., Schneider A., Bunt G., Nave K. A., and, Simons M., (2006) Neuron to glia signaling triggers myelin membrane exocytosis from endosomal storage sites. J. Cell Biol. 172, 937-948.
329. Trapp B. D., and, Kidd G. J,. (2004) Structure of the myelinated axon, in Myelin Biology and Disorders (, Lazzarini R. A., Griffin J. W., Lassman H., Nave K.-A., Miller R. H., and, Trapp B. D,., eds), pp. 3-27. Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego.
330. Tweedie-Cullen R. Y., Reck J. M., and, Mansuy I. M., (2009) Comprehensive mapping of post-translational modifications on synaptic, nuclear, and histone proteins in the adult mouse brain. J. Proteome Res. 8, 4966-4982.
331. Tyler W. A., Gangoli N., Gokina P., Kim H. A., Covey M., Levison S. W., and, Wood T. L., (2009) Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is essential for oligodendrocyte differentiation. J. Neurosci. 29, 6367-6378.
332. Tzakos A. G., Troganis A., Theodorou V., Tselios T., Svarnas C.,
333. Tzeng S. F., Deibler G. E., and, DeVries G. H., (1995) Exogenous myelin basic protein promotes oligodendrocyte death via increased calcium influx. J. Neurosci. Res. 42, 768-774.
334. Ueki T., Tsuruo Y., Yamamoto Y., Yoshimura K., Takanaga H., Seiwa C., Motojima K., Asou H., and, Yamamoto M., (2012) A new monoclonal antibody, 4F2, specific for the oligodendroglial cell lineage, recognizes ATP-dependent RNA helicase Ddx54: possible association with myelin basic protein. J. Neurosci. Res. 90, 48-59.
335. Ueno S., Handley V. W., Byravan S., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1994a) Structural features of myelin basic protein mRNAs influence their translational efficiencies. J. Neurochem. 62, 1254-1259.
336. Ueno S., Kotani Y., Kondoh K., Sano A., Kakimoto Y., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1994b) The 3'-untranslated region of mouse myelin basic protein gene increases the amount of mRNA in immortalized mouse oligodendrocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 204, 1352-1357.
337. Ulmer J. B., and, Braun P. E., (1983) In vivo phosphorylation of myelin basic proteins in developing mouse brain: evidence that phosphorylation is an early event in myelin formation. Dev. Neurosci. 6, 345-355.
338. Umemori H., Sato S., Yagi T., Aizawa S., and, Yamamoto T., (1994) Initial events of myelination involve Fyn tyrosine kinase signalling. Nature 367, 572-576.
339. Umemori H., Kadowaki Y., Hirosawa K., Yoshida Y., Hironaka K., Okano H., and, Yamamoto T., (1999) Stimulation of myelin basic protein gene transcription by Fyn tyrosine kinase for myelination. J. Neurosci. 19, 1393-1397.
340. Uversky V. N., (2010) The mysterious unfoldome: structureless, underappreciated, yet vital part of any given proteome. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2010, 568068.
341. Uversky V. N., (2011) Intrinsically disordered proteins from A to Z. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 43, 1090-1103.
342. Van't Veer A., Du Y., Fischer T. Z., Boetig D. R., Wood M. R., and, Dreyfus C. F., (2009) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor effects on oligodendrocyte progenitors of the basal forebrain are mediated through trkB and the MAP kinase pathway. J. Neurosci. Res. 87, 69-78.
343. Vartanian T., Szuchet S., Dawson G., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1986) Oligodendrocyte adhesion activates protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of myelin basic protein. Science 234, 1395-1398.
344. Vartanian T., Szuchet S., and, Dawson G., (1992) Oligodendrocyte- substratum adhesion activates the synthesis of specific lipid species involved in cell signaling. J. Neurosci. Res. 32, 69-78.
345. Velumian A. A., Samoilova M., and, Fehlings M. G., (2011) Visualization of cytoplasmic diffusion within living myelin sheaths of CNS white matter axons using microinjection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer Yellow. NeuroImage 56, 27-34.
346. Verity A. N., Bredesen D., Vonderscher C., Handley V. W., and, Campagnoni A. T., (1993) Expression of myelin protein genes and other myelin components in an oligodendrocytic cell line conditionally immortalized with a temperature-sensitive retrovirus. J. Neurochem. 60, 577-587.
347. de Vries H., de Jonge J. C., Schrage C., van der Haar M. E., and, Hoekstra D., (1997) Differential and cell development-dependent localization of myelin mRNAs in oligodendrocytes. J. Neurosci. Res. 47, 479-488.
348. Wake H., Lee P. R., and, Fields R. D., (2011) Control of local protein synthesis and initial events in myelination by action potentials. Science 333, 1647-1651.
349. White R., Gonsior C., Kramer-Albers E. M., Stohr N., Huttelmaier S., and, Trotter J., (2008) Activation of oligodendroglial Fyn kinase enhances translation of mRNAs transported in hnRNP A2-dependent RNA granules. J. Cell Biol. 181, 579-586.
350. Wilson R., and, Brophy P. J., (1989) Role for the oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton in myelination. J. Neurosci. Res. 22, 439-448.
351. Xiao J., Wong A. W., Willingham M. M., van den Buuse M., Kilpatrick T. J., and, Murray S. S., (2010) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor promotes central nervous system myelination via a direct effect upon oligodendrocytes. Neurosignals 18, 186-202.
352. Xiao J., Ferner A. H., Wong A. W., Denham M., Kilpatrick T. J., and, Murray S. S., (2012) Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling promotes oligodendrocyte myelination in vitro. J. Neurochem. 122, 1167-1180.
353. Yang Y., Lewis R., and, Miller R. H., (2011) Interactions between oligodendrocyte precursors control the onset of CNS myelination. Dev. Biol. 350, 127-138.
354. Younes-Rapozo V., Felgueiras L. O., Viana N. L., Fierro I. M., Barja-Fidalgo C., Manhaes A. C., and, Barradas P. C., (2009) A role for the MAPK/ERK pathway in oligodendroglial differentiation in vitro: stage specific effects on cell branching. Int. J. Dev. Neurosci. 27, 757-768.
355. Zand R., Li M. X., Jin X., and, Lubman D., (1998) Determination of the sites of posttranslational modifications in the charge isomers of bovine myelin basic protein by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectroscopy. Biochemistry 37, 2441-2449.
356. Zawadzka M., and, Franklin R. J., (2007) Myelin regeneration in demyelinating disorders: new developments in biology and clinical pathology. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 20, 294-298.
357. Zhan R., Yamamoto M., Ueki T., et al,. (2013) A DEAD-box RNA helicase Ddx54 protein in oligodendrocytes is indispensable for myelination in the central nervous system. J. Neurosci. Res. 91, 335-348.
358. Zhang H., Jarjour A. A., Boyd A., and, Williams A., (2011) Central nervous system remyelination in culture-a tool for multiple sclerosis research. Exp. Neurol. 230, 138-148.
359. Zhang C., Walker A. K., Zand R., Moscarello M. A., Yan J. M., and, Andrews P. C., (2012) Myelin basic protein undergoes a broader range of modifications in mammals than in lower vertebrates. J. Proteome Res. 11, 4791-4802.
360. Zhong L., Bamm V. V., Ahmed M. A., Harauz G., and, Ladizhansky V., (2007) Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of 18.5 kDa myelin basic protein reconstituted with lipid vesicles: spectroscopic characterisation and spectral assignments of solvent-exposed protein fragments. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1768, 3193-3205.
361. Zuchero J. B., and, Barres B. A., (2011) Between the sheets: a molecular sieve makes myelin membranes. Dev. Cell 21, 385-386.