Normal development and function but impaired memory phenotype of CD8+ T cells in transgenic mice expressing HIV-1 Nef in its natural target cells

Virology

Volumn 438, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 84-97

  Ahmed Rahim, Mir Munir ^a   Chrobak, Pavel ^a   Priceputu, Elena ^a   Hanna, Zaher ^a,b,c   Jolicoeur, Paul ^a,b,c  

^a CLIN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MONTREAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

CD8+ T cells; Cytotoxic T lymphocytes; HIV 1; Nef

Indexed keywords

CD45RB ANTIGEN; CD69 ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ALPHA; NEF PROTEIN; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL DIVISION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SELECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; FEMALE; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; IN VIVO STUDY; MALE; MEMORY CELL; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; T CELL DEPLETION; TARGET CELL; THYMOCYTE; TRANSGENIC MOUSE; UPREGULATION;

ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; ANIMALS; ARENAVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; CD8-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HIV-1; IMMUNOLOGIC MEMORY; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; MALE; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICE, TRANSGENIC; NEF GENE PRODUCTS, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS;

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; MUS; MUS MUSCULUS;

EID: 84875275140     PISSN: 00426822     EISSN: 10960341     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.01.008     Document Type: Article

References (117)

1. Ahmed R., Butler L.D., Bhatti L. T4+ T helper cell function in vivo: differential requirement for induction of antiviral cytotoxic T-cell and antibody responses. J. Virol. 1988, 62:2102-2106.
2. Altfeld M., Rosenberg E.S. The role of CD4(+) T helper cells in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to HIV-1. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 2000, 12:375-380.
3. Andrieu M., Chassin D., Desoutter J.F., Bouchaert I., Baillet M., Hanau D., Guillet J.G., Hosmalin A. Downregulation of major histocompatibility class I on human dendritic cells by HIV Nef impairs antigen presentation to HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 2001, 17:1365-1370.
4. Appay V., Papagno L., Spina C.A., Hansasuta P., King A., Jones L., Ogg G.S., Little S., McMichael A.J., Richman D.D., Rowland-Jones S.L. Dynamics of T cell responses in HIV infection. J. Immunol. 2002, 168:3660-3666.
5. Battegay M., Cooper S., Althage A., Banziger J., Hengartner H., Zinkernagel R.M. Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with an immunological focus assay in 24- or 96-well plates. J. Virol. Methods 1991, 33:191-198.
6. Benlhassan-Chahour K., Penit C., Dioszeghy V., Vasseur F., Janvier G., Riviere Y., Dereuddre-Bosquet N., Dormont D., Le Grand R., Vaslin B. Kinetics of lymphocyte proliferation during primary immune response in macaques infected with pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251: preliminary report of the effect of early antiviral therapy. J. Virol. 2003, 77:12479-12493.
7. Brady H.J., Pennington D.J., Dzierzak E.A. Transgenic mice as models of human immunodeficiency virus expression and related cellular effects. J. Gen. Virol. 1994, 75:2549-2558.
8. Bronke C., Palmer N.M., Jansen C.A., Westerlaken G.H., Polstra A.M., Reiss P., Bakker M., Miedema F., Tesselaar K., Van Baarle D. Dynamics of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cells in HIV-1-infected individuals progressing to AIDS with CMV end-organ disease. J. Infect. Dis. 2005, 191:873-880.
9. Carmichael A., Jin X., Sissons P., Borysiewicz L. Quantitative analysis of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response at different stages of HIV-1 infection: differential CTL responses to HIV-1 and Epstein-Barr virus in late disease. J. Exp. Med. 1993, 177:249-256.
10. Champagne P., Ogg G.S., King A.S., Knabenhans C., Ellefsen K., Nobile M., Appay V., Rizzardi G.P., Fleury S., Lipp M., Forster R., Rowland-Jones S., Sekaly R.P., McMichael A.J., Pantaleo G. Skewed maturation of memory HIV-specific CD8 T lymphocytes. Nature 2001, 410:106-111.
11. Chrobak P., Simard M.C., Bouchard N., Ndolo T.M., Guertin J., Hanna Z., Dave V., Jolicoeur P. HIV-1 Nef disrupts maturation of CD4+ T cells through CD4/lck modulation. J. Immunol. 2010, 185:3948-3959.
12. Clarke S.R., Barnden M., Kurts C., Carbone F.R., Miller J.F., Heath W.R. Characterization of the ovalbumin-specific TCR transgenic line OT-I: MHC elements for positive and negative selection. Immunol. Cell Biol. 2000, 78:110-117.
13. Cochrane A., Imlach S., Leen C., Scott G., Kennedy D., Simmonds P. High levels of human immunodeficiency virus infection of CD8 lymphocytes expressing CD4 in vivo. J. Virol. 2004, 78:9862-9871.
14. Colle J.H., Moreau J.L., Fontanet A., Lambotte O., Joussemet M., Delfraissy J.F., Theze J. CD127 expression and regulation are altered in the memory CD8 T cells of HIV-infected patients-reversal by highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2006, 143:398-403.
15. + T cells and their conversion to memory T cells. Immunol. Rev. 2010, 236:151-166.
16. Dalod M., Dupuis M., Deschemin J.C., Sicard D., Salmon D., Delfraissy J.F., Venet A., Sinet M., Guillet J.G. Broad, intense anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ex vivo CD8(+) responses in HIV type 1-infected patients: comparison with anti-Epstein-Barr virus responses and changes during antiretroviral therapy. J. Virol. 1999, 73:7108-7116.
17. Day C.L., Lauer G.M., Robbins G.K., McGovern B., Wurcel A.G., Gandhi R.T., Chung R.T., Walker B.D. Broad specificity of virus-specific CD4+ T-helper-cell responses in resolved hepatitis C virus infection. J. Virol. 2002, 76:12584-12595.
18. Deacon N.J., Tsykin A., Solomon A., Smith K., Ludford-Menting M., Hooker D.J., McPhee D.A., Greenway A.L., Ellett A., Chatfield C., et al. Genomic structure of an attenuated quasi species of hiv-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients. Science 1995, 270:988-991.
19. Deeks S.G., Kitchen C.M., Liu L., Guo H., Gascon R., Narvaez A.B., Hunt P., Martin J.N., Kahn J.O., Levy J., McGrath M.S., Hecht F.M. Immune activation set point during early HIV infection predicts subsequent CD4+ T-cell changes independent of viral load. Blood 2004, 104:942-947.
20. Doisne J.M., Urrutia A., Lacabaratz-Porret C., Goujard C., Meyer L., Chaix M.L., Sinet M., Venet A. CD8+ T cells specific for EBV, cytomegalovirus, and influenza virus are activated during primary HIV infection. J. Immunol. 2004, 173:2410-2418.
21. Douek D.C., Betts M.R., Hill B.J., Little S.J., Lempicki R., Metcalf J.A., Casazza J., Yoder C., Adelsberger J.W., Stevens R.A., Baseler M.W., Keiser P., Richman D.D., Davey R.T., Koup R.A. Evidence for increased T cell turnover and decreased thymic output in HIV infection. J. Immunol. 2001, 167:6663-6668.
22. Farrell A. Defeating T-cell fatigue in HIV. Nat. Med. 2006, 12:1124-1125.
23. Flamand L., Crowley R.W., Lusso P., Colombini-Hatch S., Margolis D.M., Gallo R.C. Activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes through the T cell receptor turns on CD4 gene expression: implications for HIV pathogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95:3111-3116.
24. Friedrich T.C., Valentine L.E., Yant L.J., Rakasz E.G., Piaskowski S.M., Furlott J.R., Weisgrau K.L., Burwitz B., May G.E., Leon E.J., Soma T., Napoe G., Capuano S.V., Wilson N.A., Watkins D.I. Subdominant CD8+ T-cell responses are involved in durable control of AIDS virus replication. J. Virol. 2007, 81:3465-3476.
25. Gamadia L.E., Remmerswaal E.B., Weel J.F., Bemelman F., van Lier R.A., Ten Berge I.J. Primary immune responses to human CMV: a critical role for IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells in protection against CMV disease. Blood 2003, 101:2686-2692.
26. Gaulton G.N., Scobie J.V., Rosenzweig M. HIV-1 and the thymus. AIDS 1997, 11:403-414.
27. Geretti A.M., Dings M.E., van Els C.A., van Baalen C.A., Wijnholds F.J., Borleffs J.C., Osterhaus A.D. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-and Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors exhibit different kinetics in HIV-1-infected persons. J. Infect. Dis. 1996, 174:34-45.
28. Geretti A.M., Hulskotte E., Osterhaus A.D. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes in AIDS pathogenesis: lessons to be learned from the macaque model of simian immunodeficiency virus infection. [Review] [53 refs]. J. Gen. Virol. 1998, 79:415-421.
29. Giorgi J.V., Hultin L.E., McKeating J.A., Johnson T.D., Owens B., Jacobson L.P., Shih R., Lewis J., Wiley D.J., Phair J.P., Wolinsky S.M., Detels R. Shorter survival in advanced human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is more closely associated with T lymphocyte activation than with plasma virus burden or virus chemokine coreceptor usage. J. Infect. Dis. 1999, 179:859-870.
30. Giorgi J.V., Liu Z., Hultin L.E., Cumberland W.G., Hennessey K., Detels R. Elevated levels of CD38+ CD8+ T cells in HIV infection add to the prognostic value of low CD4+ T cell levels: results of 6 years of follow-up. The Los Angeles Center, Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 1993, 6:904-912.
31. Hanna Z., Kay D.G., Rebai N., Guimond A., Jothy S., Jolicoeur P. Nef harbors a major determinant of pathogenicity for an AIDS-like disease induced by HIV-1 in transgenic mice. Cell 1998, 95:163-175.
32. Hanna Z., Priceputu E., Chrobak P., Hu C., Dugas V., Goupil M., Marquis M., de Repentigny L., Jolicoeur P. Selective expression of human immunodeficiency virus Nef in specific immune cell populations of transgenic mice is associated with distinct AIDS-like phenotypes. J. Virol. 2009, 83:9743-9758.
33. Hanna Z., Priceputu E., Hu C., Vincent P., Jolicoeur P. HIV-1 Nef mutations abrogating downregulation of CD4 affect other Nef functions and show reduced pathogenicity in transgenic mice. Virology 2006, 346:40-52.
34. Hanna Z., Priceputu E., Kay D.G., Poudrier J., Chrobak P., Jolicoeur P. In vivo mutational analysis of the N-terminal region of HIV-1 Nef reveals critical motifs for the development of an AIDS-like disease in CD4C/HIV transgenic mice. Virology 2004, 327:273-286.
35. Hanna Z., Rebai N., Poudrier J., Jolicoeur P. Distinct regulatory elements are required for faithful expression of human CD4 in T-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells of transgenic mice. Blood 2001, 98:2275-2278.
36. Hanna Z., Simard C., Jolicoeur P. Specific expression of the human CD4 gene in mature CD4+CD8- and immature CD4+CD8+T cells, and in macrophages of transgenic mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1994, 14:1084-1094.
37. Hazenberg M.D., Stuart J.W., Otto S.A., Borleffs J.C., Boucher C.A., de Boer R.J., Miedema F., Hamann D T-cell division in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is mainly due to immune activation: a longitudinal analysis in patients before and during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Blood 2000, 95:249-255.
38. Hellerstein M., Hanley M.B., Cesar D., Siler S., Papageorgopoulos C., Wieder E., Schmidt D., Hoh R., Neese R., MacAllan D., Deeks S., McCune J.M. Directly measured kinetics of circulating T lymphocytes in normal and HIV-1-infected humans [see comments]. Nat. Med. 1999, 5:83-89.
39. Herbein G., Mahlknecht U., Batliwalla F., Gregersen P., Pappas T., Butler J., O'Brien W.A., Verdin E. Apoptosis of CD8+ T cells is mediated by macrophages through interaction of HIV gp120 with chemokine receptor CXCR4 [see comments]. Nature 1998, 395:189-194.
40. Ho Tsong F.R., Colantonio A.D., Uittenbogaart C.H. The role of the thymus in HIV infection: a 10 year perspective. AIDS 2008, 22:171-184.
41. Imlach S., McBreen S., Shirafuji T., Leen C., Bell J.E., Simmonds P. Activated peripheral CD8 lymphocytes express CD4 in vivo and are targets for infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 2001, 75:11555-11564.
42. Jolicoeur P. The CD4C/HIV-Nef transgenic model of AIDS. Curr. HIV Res. 2011, 9:524-530.
43. Kaech S.M., Ahmed R. Immunology. CD8 T cells remember with a little help. Science 2003, 300:263-265.
44. Kalams S.A., Buchbinder S.P., Rosenberg E.S., Billingsley J.M., Colbert D.S., Jones N.G., Shea A.K., Trocha A.K., Walker B.D. Association between virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and helper responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J. Virol. 1999, 73:6715-6720.
45. Kamin D.S., Grinspoon S.K. Cardiovascular disease in HIV-positive patients. AIDS 2005, 19:641-652.
46. Kaur A., Kassis N., Hale C.L., Simon M., Elliott M., Gomez-Yafal A., Lifson J.D., Desrosiers R.C., Wang F., Barry P., Mach M., Johnson R.P. Direct relationship between suppression of virus-specific immunity and emergence of cytomegalovirus disease in simian AIDS. J. Virol. 2003, 77:5749-5758.
47. Kay D.G., Yue P., Hanna Z., Jothy S., Tremblay E., Jolicoeur P. Cardiac disease in transgenic mice expressing human immunodeficiency virus-1 Nef in cells of the immune system. Am. J. Pathol. 2002, 161:321-335.
48. Kersten M.J., Klein M.R., Holwerda A.M., Miedema F., van Oers M.H. Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T cell responses in HIV-1 infection: different kinetics in patients progressing to opportunistic infection or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J. Clin. Invest. 1997, 99:1525-1533.
49. Kestler H.W., Ringler D.J., Mori K., Panicali D.L., Sehgal P.K., Daniel M.D., Desrosiers R.C. Importance of the nef gene for maintenance of high virus loads and for development of AIDS. Cell 1991, 65:651-662.
50. Klein M.R., van Baalen C.A., Holwerda A.M., Kerkhof Garde S.R., Bende R.J., Keet I.P., Eeftinck-Schattenkerk J.K., Osterhaus A.D., Schuitemaker H., Miedema F Kinetics of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during the clinical course of HIV-1 infection: a longitudinal analysis of rapid progressors and long-term asymptomatics. J. Exp. Med. 1995, 181:1365-1372.
51. Klotman P.E., Notkins A.L. Transgenic models of human immunodeficiency virus type-1. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 1996, 206:197-222.
52. Komanduri K.V., Donahoe S.M., Moretto W.J., Schmidt D.K., Gillespie G., Ogg G.S., Roederer M., Nixon D.F., McCune J.M. Direct measurement of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses to CMV in HIV-1-infected subjects. Virology 2001, 279:459-470.
53. Kostense S., Ogg G.S., Manting E.H., Gillespie G., Joling J., Vandenberghe K., Veenhof E.Z., Van Baarle D., Jurriaans S., Klein M.R., Miedema F. High viral burden in the presence of major HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell expansions: evidence for impaired CTL effector function. Eur. J. Immunol. 2001, 31:677-686.
54. Kostense S., Otto S.A., Knol G.J., Manting E.H., Nanlohy N.M., Jansen C., Lange J.M., van Oers M.H., Miedema F., van B.D. Functional restoration of human immunodeficiency virus and Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8(+) T cells during highly active antiretroviral therapy is associated with an increase in CD4(+) T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 2002, 32:1080-1089.
55. Kostense S., Vandenberghe K., Joling J., Van Baarle D., Nanlohy N., Manting E., Miedema F. Persistent numbers of tetramer+ CD8(+) T cells, but loss of interferon-gamma+ HIV-specific T cells during progression to AIDS. Blood 2002, 99:2505-2511.
56. Koup R.A., Safrit J.T., Cao Y., Andrews C.A., McLeod G., Borkowsky W.F.C., Ho D. Temporal association of cellular immune responses with the initial control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 syndrome. J. Virol. 1994, 68:4650-4655.
57. Kourtis A.P., Ibegbu C., Nahmias A.J., Lee F.K., Clark W.S., Sawyer M.K., Nesheim S. Early progression of disease in HIV-infected infants with thymus dysfunction. New Engl. J. Med. 1996, 335:1431-1436.
58. Ladell K., Hellerstein M.K., Cesar D., Busch R., Boban D., McCune J.M. Central memory CD8+ T cells appear to have a shorter lifespan and reduced abundance as a function of HIV disease progression. J. Immunol. 2008, 180:7907-7918.
59. Larsen N.B., Kestler H.W., Docherty J.J. Mice transgenic for simian immunodeficiency virus nef are immunologically compromised. J. Biol. Sci. 1998, 5:260-266.
60. Lederman M.M., Margolis L. The lymph node in HIV pathogenesis. Semin. Immunol. 2008, 20:187-195.
61. Legname G., Seddon B., Lovatt M., Tomlinson P., Sarner N., Tolaini M., Williams K., Norton T., Kioussis D., Zamoyska R. Inducible expression of a p56Lck transgene reveals a central role for Lck in the differentiation of CD4 SP thymocytes. Immunity 2000, 12:537-546.
62. Lempicki R.A., Kovacs J.A., Baseler M.W., Adelsberger J.W., Dewar R.L., Natarajan V., Bosche M.C., Metcalf J.A., Stevens R.A., Lambert L.A., Alvord W.G., Polis M.A., Davey R.T., Dimitrov D.S., Lane H.C. Impact of HIV-1 infection and highly active antiretroviral therapy on the kinetics of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell turnover in HIV-infected patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2000, 97:13778-13783.
63. Levy J.A., Mackewicz C.E., Barker E. Controlling HIV pathogenesis: the role of the noncytotoxic anti- HIV response of CD8+ T cells. Immunol. Today 1996, 17:217-224.
64. Lewis D.E., Tang D.S., Adu-Oppong A., Schober W., Rodgers J.R. Anergy and apoptosis in CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected persons. J. Immunol. 1994, 153:412-420.
65. Lieberman J., Shankar P., Manjunath N., Andersson J. Dressed to kill? A review of why antiviral CD8 T lymphocytes fail to prevent progressive immunodeficiency in HIV-1 infection. Blood 2001, 98:1667-1677.
66. Lindemann D., Wilhelm R., Renard P., Althage A., Zinkernagel R., Mous J. Severe immunodeficiency associated with a human immunodeficiency virus 1 NEF/3'-long terminal repeat transgene. J. Exp. Med. 1994, 179:797-807.
67. Liu Z., Cumberland W.G., Hultin L.E., Kaplan A.H., Detels R., Giorgi J.V. CD8+ T-lymphocyte activation in HIV-1 disease reflects an aspect of pathogenesis distinct from viral burden and immunodeficiency. J Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 1998, 18:332-340.
68. Liu Z., Cumberland W.G., Hultin L.E., Prince H.E., Detels R., Giorgi J.V. Elevated CD38 antigen expression on CD8+ T cells is a stronger marker for the risk of chronic HIV disease progression to AIDS and death in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study than CD4+ cell count, soluble immune activation markers, or combinations of HLA- DR and CD38 expression. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. 1997, 16:83-92.
69. Matloubian M., Concepcion R.J., Ahmed R. CD4+ T cells are required to sustain CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses during chronic viral infection. J. Virol. 1994, 68:8056-8063.
70. McCune J., Kaneshima H., Krowka J., Namikawa R., Outzen H., Peault B.R.L., Shih C., Yee E., Lieberman M. The SCID-hu mouse: a small animal model for HIV infection and pathogenesis. [Review]. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 1991, 9:399-429.
71. Miedema F., Petit A.J., Terpstra F.G., Schattenkerk J.K., de Wolf F., Al B.J., Roos M., Lange J.M., Danner S.A., Goudsmit J., et al. Immunological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected asymptomatic homosexual men. HIV affects the immune system before CD4+ T helper cell depletion occurs. J. Clin. Invest. 1988, 82:1908-1914.
72. Migueles S.A., Weeks K.A., Nou E., Berkley A.M., Rood J.E., Osborne C.M., Hallahan C.W., Cogliano-Shutta N.A., Metcalf J.A., McLaughlin M., Kwan R., Mican J.M., Davey R.T., Connors M. Defective human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T-cell polyfunctionality, proliferation, and cytotoxicity are not restored by antiretroviral therapy. J. Virol. 2009, 83:11876-11889.
73. Mohri H., Bonhoeffer S., Monard S., Perelson A.S., Ho D.D. Rapid turnover of T lymphocytes in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. Science 1998, 279:1223-1227.
74. Monceaux V., Ho Tsong F.R., Cumont M.C., Hurtrel B., Estaquier J. Distinct cycling CD4(+)- and CD8(+)-T-cell profiles during the asymptomatic phase of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac251 infection in rhesus macaques. J. Virol. 2003, 77:10047-10059.
75. Mueller Y.M., De Rosa S.C., Hutton J.A., Witek J., Roederer M., Altman J.D., Katsikis P.D. Increased CD95/Fas-induced apoptosis of HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells. Immunity 2001, 15:871-882.
76. Mueller Y.M., Petrovas C., Do D.H., Altork S.R., Fischer-Smith T., Rappaport J., Altman J.D., Lewis M.G., Katsikis P.D. Early establishment and antigen dependence of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T-cell defects. J. Virol. 2007, 81:10861-10868.
77. Pantaleo G. Immunology of HIV infection. Res. Immunol. 1997, 148:417-419.
78. Park J.H., Adoro S., Guinter T., Erman B., Alag A.S., Catalfamo M., Kimura M.Y., Cui Y., Lucas P.J., Gress R.E., Kubo M., Hennighausen L., Feigenbaum L., Singer A. Signaling by intrathymic cytokines, not T cell antigen receptors, specifies CD8 lineage choice and promotes the differentiation of cytotoxic-lineage T cells. Nat. Immunol. 2010, 11:257-264.
79. Pennington D.J., Jenkins S.A., Brady H.J., Miles C.G., Dzierzak E.A., Abraham D.J. HIV- I Nef severely impairs thymocyte development and peripheral T-cell function by a CD4-independent mechanism. Genes Funct. 1997, 1:321-335.
80. Piriou E., Jansen C.A., van Dort K., De Cuyper I., Nanlohy N.M., Lange J.M., van Oers M.H., Miedema F., van Baarle D. Reconstitution of EBV latent but not lytic antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after HIV treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy. J. Immunol. 2005, 175:2010-2017.
81. Piriou E., van Dort K., Nanlohy N.M., van Oers M.H., Miedema F., Van Baarle D. Loss of EBNA1-specific memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HIV-infected patients progressing to AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2005, 106:3166-3174.
82. hi dendritic cells. J. Virol. 2003, 77:11733-11744.
83. Poudrier J., Weng X., Kay D.G., Paré G., Calvo E.L., Hanna Z., Kosco-Vilbois M.H., Jolicoeur P. The AIDS disease of CD4C/HIV transgenic mice shows impaired germinal centers and autoantibodies and develops in the absence of IFN-γ and IL-6. Immunity 2001, 15:173-185.
84. Priceputu E., Hanna Z., Hu C., Simard M.-C., Vincent P., Wildum S., Schindler M., Kirchhoff F., Jolicoeur P. Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef alleles show major differences in pathogenicity in transgenic mice. J. Virol. 2007, 81:4677-4693.
85. Priceputu E., Rodrigue I., Chrobak P., Poudrier J., Mak T.W., Hanna Z., Hu C., Kay D.G., Jolicoeur P. Th Nef-mediated AIDS-like disease of CD4C/HIV transgenic mice is associated with increased Fas/FasL expression on T cells and T cell death, but is not prevented in Fas, FasL, TNFR-1 and ICE deficient nor in Bcl2-expressing transgenic mice. J. Virol. 2005, 79:6377-6391.
86. Pulle G., Vidric M., Watts T.H. IL-15-dependent induction of 4-1BB promotes antigen-independent CD8 memory T cell survival. J. Immunol. 2006, 176:2739-2748.
87. Rabin R.L., Roederer M., Maldonado Y., Petru A., Herzenberg L.A., Herzenberg L.A. Altered representation of naive and memory CD8 T cell subsets in HIV-infected children. J. Clin. Invest. 1995, 95:2054-2060.
88. Rahemtulla A., Fung-Leung W.P., Schilham M.W., Kundig T.M., Sambhara S.R., Narendran A., Arabian A., Wakeham A., Paige C.J., Zinkernagel R.M., et al. Normal development and function of CD8+ cells but markedly decreased helper cell activity in mice lacking CD4. Nature 1991, 353:180-184.
89. Roederer M., Dubs J.G., Anderson M.T., Raju P.A., Herzenberg L.A. CD8 naive T cell counts decrease progressively in HIV-infected adults. J. Clin. Invest. 1995, 95:2061-2066.
90. Rosenberg E.S., Altfeld M., Poon S.H., Phillips M.N., Wilkes B.M., Eldridge R.L., Robbins G.K., D'Aquila R.T., Goulder P.J., Walker B.D. Immune control of HIV-1 after early treatment of acute infection. Nature 2000, 407:523-526.
91. Rosenberg E.S., Billingsley J.M., Caliendo A.M., Boswell S.L., Sax P.E., Kalams S.A., Walker B.D. Vigorous HIV-1-specific CD4+ T cell responses associated with control of viremia [see comments]. Science 1997, 278:1447-1450.
92. Rosenzweig M., DeMaria M.A., Harper D.M., Friedrich S., Jain R.K., Johnson R.P. Increased rates of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocyte turnover in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95:6388-6393.
93. Ross M.J., Klotman P.E. HIV-associated nephropathy. AIDS 2004, 18:1089-1099.
94. Sachsenberg N., Perelson A.S., Yerly S., Schockmel G.A., Leduc D., Hirschel B., Perrin L. Turnover of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection as measured by Ki-67 antigen. J. Exp. Med. 1998, 187:1295-1303.
95. Saha K., Zhang J., Zerhouni B. Evidence of productively infected CD8+ T cells in patients with AIDS: implications for HIV-1 pathogenesis. J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. 2001, 26:199-207.
96. Scarlatti G. Paediatric HIV infection. Lancet 1996, 348:863-868.
97. Shedlock D.J., Shen H. Requirement for CD4 T cell help in generating functional CD8 T cell memory. Science 2003, 300:337-339.
98. Skowronski J., Parks D., Mariani R. Altered T cell activation and development in transgenic mice expressing the HIV-1 nef gene. Embo J. 1993, 12:703-713.
99. Sodora D.L., Silvestri G. Immune activation and AIDS pathogenesis. AIDS 2008, 22:439-446.
100. Spiegel H.M., Ogg G.S., DeFalcon E., Sheehy M.E., Monard S., Haslett P.A., Gillespie G., Donahoe S.M., Pollack H., Borkowsky W., McMichael A.J., Nixon D.F. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1- and cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can persist at high frequency for prolonged periods in the absence of circulating peripheral CD4(+) T cells. J. Virol. 2000, 74:1018-1022.
101. Sun J.C., Bevan M.J. Defective CD8 T cell memory following acute infection without CD4 T cell help. Science 2003, 300:339-342.
102. Sun J.C., Williams M.A., Bevan M.J. CD4+ T cells are required for the maintenance, not programming, of memory CD8+ T cells after acute infection. Nat. Immunol. 2004, 5:927-933.
103. Swat W., Dessing M., von Boehmer H., Kisielow P. CD69 expression during selection and maturation of CD4+8+ thymocytes. Eur. J. Immunol. 1993, 23:739-746.
104. Teh H.S., Kisielow P., Scott B., Kishi H., Uematsu Y., Bluthmann H., von Boehmer H. Thymic major histocompatibility complex antigens and the alpha beta T-cell receptor determine the CD4/CD8 phenotype of T cells. Nature 1988, 335:229-233.
105. Trautmann L., Janbazian L., Chomont N., Said E.A., Gimmig S., Bessette B., Boulassel M.R., Delwart E., Sepulveda H., Balderas R.S., Routy J.P., Haddad E.K., Sekaly R.P. Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction. Nat. Med. 2006, 12:1198-1202.
106. Unsoeld H., Pircher H. Complex memory T-cell phenotypes revealed by coexpression of CD62L and CCR7. J. Virol. 2005, 79:4510-4513.
107. Van Baarle D., Hovenkamp E., Callan M.F., Wolthers K.C., Kostense S., Tan L.C., Niesters H.G., Osterhaus A.D., McMichael A.J., van Oers M.H., Miedema F. Dysfunctional Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes and increased EBV load in HIV-1 infected individuals progressing to AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2001, 98:146-155.
108. van Baarle D., Kostense S., Hovenkamp E., Ogg G., Nanlohy N., Callan M.F., Dukers N.H., McMichael A.J., van Oers M.H., Miedema F. Lack of Epstein-Barr virus- and HIV-specific CD27-CD8+ T cells is associated with progression to viral disease in HIV-infection. AIDS 2002, 16:2001-2011.
109. Vincent P., Priceputu E., Kay D., Saksela K., Jolicoeur P., Hanna Z. Activation of p21-activated kinase 2 and its association with Nef are conserved in murine cells but are not sufficient to induce an AIDS-like disease in CD4C/HIV transgenic mice. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:6940-6954.
110. Walker B.D., Chakrabarti S., Moss B., Paradis T.J., Flynn T., Durno A.G.B.R., Kaplan J.C., Hirsch M.S., Schooley R.T. HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in seropositive individuals. Nature 1987, 328:345-348.
111. Weng X., Priceputu E., Chrobak P., Poudrier J., Kay D.G., Hanna Z., Mak T.W., Jolicoeur P. CD4 T cells from CD4C/HIV nef transgenic mice show enhanced activation in vivo with impaired proliferation in vitro, but are dispensable for the development of a severe AIDS-like organ disease. J. Virol. 2004, 78:5244-5257.
112. Wherry E.J., Ahmed R. Memory CD8 T-cell differentiation during viral infection. J. Virol. 2004, 78:5535-5545.
113. Wherry E.J., Teichgraber V., Becker T.C., Masopust D., Kaech S.M., Antia R., von Andrian U.H., Ahmed R. Lineage relationship and protective immunity of memory CD8 T cell subsets. Nat. Immunol. 2003, 4:225-234.
114. Yang L.P., Riley J.L., Carroll R.G., June C.H., Hoxie J., Patterson B.K., Ohshima Y., Hodes R.J., Delespesse G. Productive infection of neonatal CD8+ T lymphocytes by HIV-1. J. Exp. Med. 1998, 187:1139-1144.
115. Yang O.O., Walker B.D. CD8+ cells in human immunodeficiency virus type I pathogenesis: cytolytic and noncytolytic inhibition of viral replication. [Review] [205 refs]. Adv. Immunol. 1997, 66:273-311.
116. Zhang J.Y., Zhang Z., Wang X., Fu J.L., Yao J., Jiao Y., Chen L., Zhang H., Wei J., Jin L., Shi M., Gao G.F., Wu H., Wang F.S. PD-1 up-regulation is correlated with HIV-specific memory CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in typical progressors but not in long-term nonprogressors. Blood 2007, 109:4671-4678.
117. Zhang L., Yu W., He T., Yu J., Caffrey R.E., Dalmasso E.A., Fu S., Pham T., Mei J., Ho J.J., Zhang W., Lopez P., Ho D.D. Contribution of human alpha-defensin 1, 2, and 3 to the anti-HIV-1 activity of CD8 antiviral factor. Science 2002, 298:995-1000.