P73 and age-related diseases: Is there any link with parkinson disease?

Aging

Volumn 4, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 923-931

  Grespi, Francesca ^a   Melino, Gerry ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Cell death; Neurodegeneration; P73; Parkinson disease; Tyrosine hydroxylase

Indexed keywords

EID: 84874809600     PISSN: 19454589     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.18632/aging.100515     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. Marcel V, Dichtel-Danjoy ML, Sagne C, Hafsi H, Ma D, Ortiz-Cuaran S, Olivier M, Hall J, Mollereau B, Hainaut P and Bourdon JC. Biological functions of p53 isoforms through evolution: lessons from animal and cellular models. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:1815-1824.
2. Collavin L, Lunardi A and Del Sal G. p53-family proteins and their regulators: hubs and spokes in tumor suppression. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:901-911.
3. Dotsch V, Bernassola F, Coutandin D, Candi E and Melino G. p63 and p73, the ancestors of p53. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology. 2010; 2:a004887.
4. Melino G, De Laurenzi V and Vousden KH. p73: Friend or foe in tumorigenesis. Nature reviews Cancer. 2002; 2:605-615.
5. Ory B and Ellisen LW. A microRNA-dependent circuit controlling p63/p73 homeostasis: p53 family cross-talk meets therapeutic opportunity. Oncotarget. 2011; 2:259-264.
6. Conforti F, Yang AL, Agostini M, Rufini A, Tucci P, Nicklison-Chirou MV, Grespi F, Velletri T, Knight RA, Melino G and Sayan BS. Relative expression of TAp73 and DeltaNp73 isoforms. Aging. 2012; 4:202-205.
7. Schuster A, Schilling T, De Laurenzi V, Koch AF, Seitz S, Staib F, Teufel A, Thorgeirsson SS, Galle P, Melino G, Stremmel W, Krammer PH and Muller M. DeltaNp73beta is oncogenic in hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking apoptosis signaling via death receptors and mitochondria. Cell Cycle. 2010; 9:2629-2639.
8. Ravni A, Tissir F and Goffinet AM. DeltaNp73 transcription factors modulate cell survival and tumor development. Cell Cycle. 2010; 9:1523-1527.
9. Zawacka-Pankau J, Kostecka A, Sznarkowska A, Hedstrom E and Kawiak A. p73 tumor suppressor protein: a close relative of p53 not only in structure but also in anti-cancer approach? Cell Cycle. 2010; 9720-728.
10. John K, Alla V, Meier C and Putzer BM. GRAMD4 mimics p53 and mediates the apoptotic function of p73 at mitochondria. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:874-886.
11. Wang X, Zeng L, Wang J, Chau JF, Lai KP, Jia D, Poonepalli A, Hande MP, Liu H, He G, He L and Li B. A positive role for c-Abl in Atm and Atr activation in DNA damage response. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:5-15.
12. Cheok CF, Kua N, Kaldis P and Lane DP. Combination of nutlin-3 and VX-680 selectively targets p53 mutant cells with reversible effects on cells expressing wild-type p53. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1486-1500.
13. D'Agostino L and Giordano A. NSP 5a3a: a potential novel cancer target in head and neck carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2010; 1:423-435.
14. Graupner V, Alexander E, Overkamp T, Rothfuss O, De Laurenzi V, Gillissen BF, Daniel PT, Schulze-Osthoff K and Essmann F. Differential regulation of the proapoptotic multidomain protein Bak by p53 and p73 at the promoter level. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:1130-1139.
15. Toh WH, Nam SY and Sabapathy K. An essential role for p73 in regulating mitotic cell death. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:787-800.
16. Fan Y, Lee TV, Xu D, Chen Z, Lamblin AF, Steller H and Bergmann A. Dual roles of Drosophila p53 in cell death and cell differentiation. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:912-921.
17. Niikura Y, Ogi H, Kikuchi K and Kitagawa K. BUB3 that dissociates from BUB1 activates caspase-independent mitotic death (CIMD). Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1011-1024.
18. Huang Y and Ratovitski EA. Phospho-DeltaNp63alpha/Rpn13-dependent regulation of LKB1 degradation modulates autophagy in cancer cells. Aging. 2010; 2:959-968.
19. Flores ER. p73 is critical for the persistence of memory. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:381-382.
20. Kommagani R, Whitlatch A, Leonard MK and Kadakia MP. p73 is essential for vitamin D-mediated osteoblastic differentiation. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:398-407.
21. Guglielmino MR, Santonocito M, Vento M, Ragusa M, Barbagallo D, Borzi P, Casciano I, Banelli B, Barbieri O, Astigiano S, Scollo P, Romani M, Purrello M, et al. TAp73 is downregulated in oocytes from women of advanced reproductive age. Cell Cycle. 2011; 10:3253-3256.
22. P Salomoni SB, M Tavassoli & C J Watson. The Siren's Song: a new book on the perils and benefits of (cell) death 1ease. 2010; e39; doi:10.1038/cddis.2010.13.
23. Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Kempf RC, Long J, Laidler P, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Stivala F, Mazzarino MC, Donia M, Fagone P, Malaponte G, et al. Roles of the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathways in controlling growth and sensitivity to therapy-implications for cancer and aging. Aging. 2011; 3:192-222.
24. Martins I, Galluzzi L and Kroemer G. Hormesis, cell death and aging. Aging. 2011; 3:821-828.
25. Cancino GI, Miller FD and Kaplan DR. p73 haploinsufficiency causes tau hyperphosphorylation and tau kinase dysregulation in mouse models of aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of aging. 2012.
26. Wetzel MK, Naska S, Laliberte CL, Rymar VV, Fujitani M, Biernaskie JA, Cole CJ, Lerch JP, Spring S, Wang SH, Frankland PW, Henkelman RM, Josselyn SA, et al. p73 regulates neurodegeneration and phospho-tau accumulation during aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neuron. 2008; 59:708-721.
27. Holembowski L, Schulz R, Talos F, Scheel A, Wolff S, Dobbelstein M and Moll U. While p73 is essential, p63 is completely dispensable for the development of the central nervous system. Cell Cycle. 2011; 10:680-689.
28. Levine AJ, Tomasini R, McKeon FD, Mak TW and Melino G. The p53 family: guardians of maternal reproduction. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2011; 12:259-265.
29. Muller M, Schleithoff ES, Stremmel W, Melino G, Krammer PH and Schilling T. One, two, three-p53, p63, p73 and chemosensitivity. Drug resistance updates: reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy. 2006; 9:288-306.
30. Melino G. p63 is a suppressor of tumorigenesis and metastasis interacting with mutant p53. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:1487-1499.
31. Killick R, Niklison-Chirou M, Tomasini R, Bano D, Rufini A, Grespi F, Velletri T, Tucci P, Sayan BS, Conforti F, Gallagher E, Nicotera P, Mak TW, et al. p73: a multifunctional protein in neurobiology. Molecular neurobiology. 2011; 43:139-146.
32. Meyer G. p73: a complex gene for building a complex brain. Cell Cycle. 2011; 10:1188-1189.
33. Hooper C, Killick R, Tavassoli M, Melino G and Lovestone S. TAp73alpha induces tau phosphorylation in HEK293a cells via a transcription-dependent mechanism. Neuroscience letters. 2006; 401:30-34.
34. Fujitani M, Cancino GI, Dugani CB, Weaver IC, Gauthier-Fisher A, Paquin A, Mak TW, Wojtowicz MJ, Miller FD and Kaplan DR. TAp73 acts via the bHLH Hey2 to promote long-term maintenance of neural precursors. Current biology: CB. 2010; 20:2058-2065.
35. Agostini M, Tucci P, Chen H, Knight RA, Bano D, Nicotera P, McKeon F and Melino G. p73 regulates maintenance of neural stem cell. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2010; 403:13-17.
36. Fricker M, Papadia S, Hardingham GE and Tolkovsky AM. Implication of TAp73 in the p53-independent pathway of Puma induction and Puma-dependent apoptosis in primary cortical neurons. Journal of neurochemistry. 2010; 114:772-783.
37. Hooper C, Tavassoli M, Chapple JP, Uwanogho D, Goodyear R, Melino G, Lovestone S and Killick R. TAp73 isoforms antagonize Notch signalling in SH-SY5Y neuroblastomas and in primary neurones. Journal of neurochemistry. 2006; 99:989-999.
38. Yang A, Walker N, Bronson R, Kaghad M, Oosterwegel M, Bonnin J, Vagner C, Bonnet H, Dikkes P, Sharpe A, McKeon F and Caput D. p73-deficient mice have neurological, pheromonal and inflammatory defects but lack spontaneous tumours. Nature. 2000; 404:99-103.
39. Tomasini R, Tsuchihara K, Wilhelm M, Fujitani M, Rufini A, Cheung CC, Khan F, Itie-Youten A, Wakeham A, Tsao MS, Iovanna JL, Squire J, Jurisica I, et al. TAp73 knockout shows genomic instability with infertility and tumor suppressor functions. Genes & development. 2008; 22:2677-2691.
40. Tissir F, Ravni A, Achouri Y, Riethmacher D, Meyer G and Goffinet AM. DeltaNp73 regulates neuronal survival in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2009; 106:16871-16876.
41. Wilhelm MT, Rufini A, Wetzel MK, Tsuchihara K, Inoue S, Tomasini R, Itie-Youten A, Wakeham A, Arsenian-Henriksson M, Melino G, Kaplan DR, Miller FD and Mak TW. Isoform-specific p73 knockout mice reveal a novel role for delta Np73 in the DNA damage response pathway. Genes & development. 2010; 24:549-560.
42. Rufini A, Niklison-Chirou MV, Inoue S, Tomasini R, Harris IS, Marino A, Federici M, Dinsdale D, Knight RA, Melino G and Mak TW. TAp73 depletion accelerates aging through metabolic dysregulation. Genes & development. 2012; 26:2009-2014.
43. Vigneron A and Vousden KH. p53, ROS and senescence in the control of aging. Aging. 2010; 2:471-474.
44. Agostini M, Tucci P, Killick R, Candi E, Sayan BS, Rivetti di Val Cervo P, Nicotera P, McKeon F, Knight RA, Mak TW and Melino G. Neuronal differentiation by TAp73 is mediated by microRNA 34a regulation of synaptic protein targets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2011; 108:21093-21098.
45. Jacobs WB, Walsh GS and Miller FD. Neuronal survival and p73/p63/p53: a family affair. The Neuroscientist: a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry. 2004; 10:443-455.
46. Gonzalez-Cano L, Herreros-Villanueva M, Fernandez-Alonso R, Ayuso-Sacido A, Meyer G, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Silva A, Marques MM and Marin MC. p73 deficiency results in impaired self renewal and premature neuronal differentiation of mouse neural progenitors independently of p53. Cell death & disease. 2010; 1:e109.
47. Talos F, Abraham A, Vaseva AV, Holembowski L, Tsirka SE, Scheel A, Bode D, Dobbelstein M, Bruck W and Moll UM. p73 is an essential regulator of neural stem cell maintenance in embryonal and adult CNS neurogenesis. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1816-1829.
48. Wang Y, Cui J, Sun X and Zhang Y. Tunneling-nanotube development in astrocytes depends on p53 activation. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:732-742.
49. Mukerjee R, Deshmane SL, Fan S, Del Valle L, White MK, Khalili K, Amini S and Sawaya BE. Involvement of the p53 and p73 transcription factors in neuroAIDS. Cell Cycle. 2008; 7:2682-2690.
50. Yelamanchili SV, Chaudhuri AD, Chen LN, Xiong H and Fox HS. MicroRNA-21 dysregulates the expression of MEF2C in neurons in monkey and human SIV/HIV neurological disease. Cell death & disease. 2010; 1:e77.
51. Power C, Hui E, Vivithanaporn P, Acharjee S and Polyak M. Delineating HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders using transgenic models: the neuropathogenic actions of Vpr. Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology: the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology. 2012; 7:319-331.
52. Rackstraw S. HIV-related neurocognitive impairment-a review. Psychology, health & medicine. 2011; 16:548-563.
53. Purohit V, Rapaka R and Shurtleff D. Drugs of abuse, dopamine, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders/HIVassociated dementia. Molecular neurobiology. 2011; 44:102-110.
54. Gannon P, Khan MZ and Kolson DL. Current understanding of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders pathogenesis. Current opinion in neurology. 2011; 24:275-283.
55. Alvarez AR, Klein A, Castro J, Cancino GI, Amigo J, Mosqueira M, Vargas LM, Yevenes LF, Bronfman FC and Zanlungo S. Imatinib therapy blocks cerebellar apoptosis and improves neurological symptoms in a mouse model of Niemann-Pick type C disease. FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. 2008; 22:3617-3627.
56. Vazquez MC, Balboa E, Alvarez AR and Zanlungo S. Oxidative stress: a pathogenic mechanism for Niemann-Pick type C disease. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2012; 2012:205713.
57. Gatt S and Dagan A. Cancer and sphingolipid storage disease therapy using novel synthetic analogs of sphingolipids. Chemistry and physics of lipids. 2012; 165:462-474.
58. King G and Sharom FJ. Proteins that bind and move lipids: MsbA and NPC1. Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology. 2012; 47:75-95.
59. Nijholt DA, de Graaf TR, van Haastert ES, Oliveira AO, Berkers CR, Zwart R, Ovaa H, Baas F, Hoozemans JJ and Scheper W. Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates autophagy but not the proteasome in neuronal cells: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:1071-1081.
60. Wu PR, Tsai PI, Chen GC, Chou HJ, Huang YP, Chen YH, Lin MY, Kimchi A, Chien CT and Chen RH. DAPK activates MARK1/2 to regulate microtubule assembly, neuronal differentiation, and tau toxicity. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:1507-1520.
61. Sinha N, Firbank M and O'Brien JT. Biomarkers in dementia with Lewy bodies: a review. International journal of geriatric psychiatry. 2012; 27:443-453.
62. Galimberti D and Scarpini E. Progress in Alzheimer's disease. Journal of neurology. 2012; 259:201-211.
63. Liberati G, Raffone A and Olivetti Belardinelli M. Cognitive reserve and its implications for rehabilitation and Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive processing. 2012; 13:1-12.
64. Guerreiro RJ, Gustafson DR and Hardy J. The genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease: beyond APP, PSENs and APOE. Neurobiology of aging. 2012; 33:437-456.
65. Calissano P, Amadoro G, Matrone C, Ciafre S, Marolda R, Corsetti V, Ciotti MT, Mercanti D, Di Luzio A, Severini C, Provenzano C and Canu N. Does the term 'trophic' actually mean anti-amyloidogenic? The case of NGF. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1126-1133.
66. Tacutu R, Budovsky A, Yanai H and Fraifeld VE. Molecular links between cellular senescence, longevity and age-related diseases - a systems biology perspective. Aging. 2011; 3:1178-1191.
67. Jenner P. Molecular mechanisms of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Nature reviews Neuroscience. 2008; 9:665-677.
68. Langston JW. Parkinson's disease: current and future challenges. Neurotoxicology. 2002; 23:443-450.
69. Olanow CW and Tatton WG. Etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Annual review of neuroscience. 1999; 22:123-144.
70. Shimohama S, Sawada H, Kitamura Y and Taniguchi T. Disease model: Parkinson's disease. Trends in molecular medicine. 2003; 9:360-365.
71. Berry C, La Vecchia C and Nicotera P. Paraquat and Parkinson's disease. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1115-1125.
72. Giaime E, Sunyach C, Druon C, Scarzello S, Robert G, Grosso S, Auberger P, Goldberg MS, Shen J, Heutink P, Pouyssegur J, Pages G, Checler F, et al. Loss of function of DJ-1 triggered by Parkinson's disease-associated mutation is due to proteolytic resistance to caspase-6. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:158-169.
73. Boison D, Chen JF and Fredholm BB. Adenosine signaling and function in glial cells. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1071-1082.
74. Dagda RK, Gusdon AM, Pien I, Strack S, Green S, Li C, Van Houten B, Cherra SJ, 3rd and Chu CT. Mitochondrially localized PKA reverses mitochondrial pathology and dysfunction in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:1914-1923.
75. Nakamura T and Lipton SA. Redox modulation by Snitrosylation contributes to protein misfolding, mitochondrial dynamics, and neuronal synaptic damage in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:1478-1486.
76. Michiorri S, Gelmetti V, Giarda E, Lombardi F, Romano F, Marongiu R, Nerini-Molteni S, Sale P, Vago R, Arena G, Torosantucci L, Cassina L, Russo MA, et al. The Parkinsonassociated protein PINK1 interacts with Beclin1 and promotes autophagy. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:962-974.
77. Li B, Hu Q, Wang H, Man N, Ren H, Wen L, Nukina N, Fei E and Wang G. Omi/HtrA2 is a positive regulator of autophagy that facilitates the degradation of mutant proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1773-1784.
78. Nisoli I, Chauvin JP, Napoletano F, Calamita P, Zanin V, Fanto M and Charroux B. Neurodegeneration by polyglutamine Atrophin is not rescued by induction of autophagy. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1577-1587.
79. Bouman L, Schlierf A, Lutz AK, Shan J, Deinlein A, Kast J, Galehdar Z, Palmisano V, Patenge N, Berg D, Gasser T, Augustin R, Trumbach D, et al. Parkin is transcriptionally regulated by ATF4: evidence for an interconnection between mitochondrial stress and ER stress. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:769-782.
80. Franssens V, Boelen E, Anandhakumar J, Vanhelmont T, Buttner S and Winderickx J. Yeast unfolds the road map toward alpha-synuclein-induced cell death. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:746-753.
81. Steiner JA, Angot E and Brundin P. A deadly spread: cellular mechanisms of alpha-synuclein transfer. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 18:1425-1433.
82. Lichtenberg M, Mansilla A, Zecchini VR, Fleming A and Rubinsztein DC. The Parkinson's disease protein LRRK2 impairs proteasome substrate clearance without affecting proteasome catalytic activity. Cell death & disease. 2011; 2:e196.
83. Jenner P. Functional models of Parkinson's disease: a valuable tool in the development of novel therapies. Annals of neurology. 2008; 64 Suppl 2:S16-29.
84. Stefani A, Fedele E, Vitek J, Pierantozzi M, Galati S, Marzetti F, Peppe A, Bassi MS, Bernardi G and Stanzione P. The clinical efficacy of L-DOPA and STN-DBS share a common marker: reduced GABA content in the motor thalamus. Cell death & disease. 2011; 2:e154.
85. Abuirmeileh A, Harkavyi A, Lever R, Biggs CS and Whitton PS. Urocortin, a CRF-like peptide, restores key indicators of damage in the substantia nigra in a neuroinflammatory model of Parkinson's disease. Journal of neuroinflammation. 2007; 4:19.
86. Abuirmeileh A, Lever R, Kingsbury AE, Lees AJ, Locke IC, Knight RA, Chowdrey HS, Biggs CS and Whitton PS. The corticotrophin-releasing factor-like peptide urocortin reverses key deficits in two rodent models of Parkinson's disease. The European journal of neuroscience. 2007; 26:417-423.
87. Matsumi Yamazaki KC, and Keiko Satoha. Neuro2a Cell Death Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine is Attenuated by Genipin. Journal of Health Science. 2008; 54:638-644.
88. Riederer P, Rausch WD, Birkmayer W, Jellinger K and Seemann D. CNS Modulation of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase in Parkinson's disease and metabolic encephalopathies. Journal of neural transmission Supplementum. 1978; 14:121-131.
89. McGeer PL and McGeer EG. Enzymes associated with the metabolism of catecholamines, acetylcholine and gaba in human controls and patients with Parkinson's disease and Huntington's chorea. Journal of neurochemistry. 1976; 26:65-76.
90. Lloyd KG, Davidson L and Hornykiewicz O. The neurochemistry of Parkinson's disease: effect of L-dopa therapy. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. 1975; 195:453-464.
91. Tsunoda T and Takagi T. Estimating transcription factor bindability on DNA. Bioinformatics. 1999; 15:622-630.
92. Jiang C, Xuan Z, Zhao F and Zhang MQ. TRED: a transcriptional regulatory element database, new entries and other development. Nucleic acids research. 2007; 35(Database issue):D137-140.
93. Zhao F, Xuan Z, Liu L and Zhang MQ. TRED: a Transcriptional Regulatory Element Database and a platform for in silico gene regulation studies. Nucleic acids research. 2005; 33(Database issue):D103-107.
94. Cartharius K, Frech K, Grote K, Klocke B, Haltmeier M, Klingenhoff A, Frisch M, Bayerlein M and Werner T. MatInspector and beyond: promoter analysis based on transcription factor binding sites. Bioinformatics. 2005; 21:2933-2942.
95. Lastres-Becker I, Molina-Holgado F, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R and Fernandez-Ruiz J. Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurobiology of disease. 2005; 19:96-107.
96. Dipasquale B, Marini AM and Youle RJ. Apoptosis and DNA degradation induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium in neurons. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 1991; 181:1442-1448.
97. Chi SW, Ayed A and Arrowsmith CH. Solution structure of a conserved C-terminal domain of p73 with structural homology to the SAM domain. The EMBO journal. 1999; 18:4438-4445.
98. Thanos CD and Bowie JU. p53 Family members p63 and p73 are SAM domain-containing proteins. Protein science: a publication of the Protein Society. 1999; 8:1708-1710.
99. Arrowsmith CH. Structure and function in the p53 family. Cell death and differentiation. 1999; 6:1169-1173.
100. Liu G and Chen X. The C-terminal sterile alpha motif and the extreme C terminus regulate the transcriptional activity of the alpha isoform of p73. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2005; 280:20111-20119.
101. Ozaki T, Naka M, Takada N, Tada M, Sakiyama S and Nakagawara A. Deletion of the COOH-terminal region of p73alpha enhances both its transactivation function and DNAbinding activity but inhibits induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Cancer research. 1999; 59:5902-5907.
102. Muppani N, Nyman U and Joseph B. TAp73alpha protects small cell lung carcinoma cells from caspase-2 induced mitochondrial mediated apoptotic cell death. Oncotarget. 2011; 2:1145-1154.
103. Lu JH, Tan JQ, Durairajan SS, Liu LF, Zhang ZH, Ma L, Shen HM, Chan HY and Li M. Isorhynchophylline, a natural alkaloid, promotes the degradation of alpha-synuclein in neuronal cells via inducing autophagy. Autophagy. 2012; 8:98-108.
104. Zhou Z, Kerk S and Meng Lim T. Endogenous dopamine (DA) renders dopaminergic cells vulnerable to challenge of proteasome inhibitor MG132. Free radical research. 2008; 42:456-466.
105. Amazzal L, Lapotre A, Quignon F and Bagrel D. Mangiferin protects against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxicity mediated by oxidative stress in N2A cells. Neuroscience letters. 2007; 418:159-164.
106. Lee HJ, Lee K and Im H. alpha-Synuclein modulates neurite outgrowth by interacting with SPTBN1. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2012; 424:497-502.
107. Kavanagh ET, Loughlin JP, Herbert KR, Dockery P, Samali A, Doyle KM and Gorman AM. Functionality of NGF-protected PC12 cells following exposure to 6-hydroxydopamine. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2006; 351:890-895.
108. Wu SP, Fu AL, Wang YX, Yu LP, Jia PY, Li Q, Jin GZ and Sun MJ. A novel therapeutic approach to 6-OHDA-induced Parkinson's disease in rats via supplementation of PTDconjugated tyrosine hydroxylase. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2006; 346:1-6.
109. De Laurenzi V, Costanzo A, Barcaroli D, Terrinoni A, Falco M, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Levrero M and Melino G. Two new p73 splice variants, gamma and delta, with different transcriptional activity. The Journal of experimental medicine. 1998; 188:1763-1768.
110. Takada N, Ozaki T, Ichimiya S, Todo S and Nakagawara A. Identification of a transactivation activity in the COOH-terminal region of p73 which is impaired in the naturally occurring mutants found in human neuroblastomas. Cancer research. 1999; 59:2810-2814.
111. Straub WE, Weber TA, Schafer B, Candi E, Durst F, Ou HD, Rajalingam K, Melino G and Dotsch V. The C-terminus of p63 contains multiple regulatory elements with different functions. Cell death & disease. 2010; 1:e5.
112. Jensen P, Surmeier DJ and Goldowitz D. Rescue of cerebellar granule cells from death in weaver NR1 double mutants. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 1999; 19:7991-7998.
113. Pao PC, Huang NK, Liu YW, Yeh SH, Lin ST, Hsieh CP, Huang AM, Huang HS, Tseng JT, Chang WC and Lee YC. A novel RING finger protein, Znf179, modulates cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Cell death and differentiation. 2011; 181791-1804.
114. Lassot I, Robbins I, Kristiansen M, Rahmeh R, Jaudon F, Magiera MM, Mora S, Vanhille L, Lipkin A, Pettmann B, Ham J and Desagher S. Trim17, a novel E3 ubiquitin-ligase, initiates neuronal apoptosis. Cell death and differentiation. 2010; 17:1928-1941.
115. Tao Q, Fan X, Li T, Tang Y, Yang D and Le W. Gender segregation in gene expression and vulnerability to oxidative stress induced injury in ventral mesencephalic cultures of dopamine neurons. Journal of neuroscience research. 2012; 90:167-178.
116. Youdim MB. M30, a brain permeable multitarget neurorestorative drug in post nigrostriatal dopamine neuron lesion of parkinsonism animal models. Parkinsonism & related disorders. 2012; 18 Suppl 1:S151-154.
117. Heuer A, Smith GA, Lelos MJ, Lane EL and Dunnett SB. Unilateral nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in mice I: motor impairments identify extent of dopamine depletion at three different lesion sites. Behavioural brain research. 2012; 228:30-43.
118. Walsh GS, Orike N, Kaplan DR and Miller FD. The invulnerability of adult neurons: a critical role for p73. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2004; 24:9638-9647.
119. Pozniak CD, Barnabe-Heider F, Rymar VV, Lee AF, Sadikot AF and Miller FD. p73 is required for survival and maintenance of CNS neurons. The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience. 2002; 22:9800-9809.
120. Pozniak CD, Radinovic S, Yang A, McKeon F, Kaplan DR and Miller FD. An anti-apoptotic role for the p53 family member, p73, during developmental neuron death. Science. 2000; 289:304-306.