Molecular orientation and composition at the surface of spin-coated polyfluorene:Fullerene blend films

Journal of Polymer Science, Part B: Polymer Physics

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 176-182

  Anselmo, Ana Sofia ^a   Dzwilewski, Andrzej ^a   Svensson, Krister ^a   Moons, Ellen ^a  

^a KARLSTAD UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

bulk heterojunction; miscibility; morphology; near edge X ray absorption fine structure; phase separation; polymer solar cell

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC PHYSICS; BUTYRIC ACID; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; FULLERENES; HETEROJUNCTIONS; MOLECULAR ORIENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; PHASE SEPARATION; PLASTIC COATINGS; POLYMER SOLAR CELLS; SOLUBILITY; SPIN COATING; X RAY ABSORPTION;

BULK HETEROJUNCTION; CHLOROFORM SOLUTIONS; COMPOSITIONAL DIFFERENCE; NEAR EDGE X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURES; PLANE-ON ORIENTATION; SUBSURFACE REGIONS; TOTAL ELECTRON YIELD; [6 ,6]-PHENYL-C61-BUTYRIC ACID METHYL ESTERS;

POLYMER FILMS;

EID: 84872835276     PISSN: 08876266     EISSN: 10990488     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/polb.23198     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Green, M. A.,;, Emery, K.,;, Hishikawa, Y.,;, Warta, W.,;, Dunlop, E. D., Prog. Photovolt.: Res. Appl. 2011, 19, 565-572.
2. Yang, X.,;, Loos, J., Macromolecules 2007, 40, 1353-1362.
3. Yao, Y.,;, Hou, J.,;, Xu, Z.,;, Li, G.,;, Yang, Y., Adv. Funct. Mater. 2008, 18, 1783-1789.
4. Peet, J.,;, Heeger, A. J.,;, Bazan, G. C., Acc. Chem. Res. 2009, 42, 1700-1708.
5. Salleo, A.,;, Kline, R. J.,;, DeLongchamp, D. M.,;, Chabinyc, M. L., Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 3812-3838.
6. Brady, M. A.,;, Su, G. M.,;, Chabinyc, M. L., Soft Matter 2011, 7, 11065-11077.
7. Collins, B. A.,;, Tumbleston, J. R.,;, Ade, H., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2011, 2, 3135-3145.
8. Nilsson, S.,;, Bernasik, A.,;, Budkowski, A.,;, Moons, E., Macromolecules 2007, 40, 8291-8301.
9. Yang, X.,;, Duren, J. K. J. van,;, Rispens, M. T.,;, Hummelen, J. C.,;, Janssen, R. A. J.,;, Michels, M. A. J.,;, Loos, J., Adv. Mater. 2004, 16, 802-806.
10. Li, G.,;, Shrotriya, V.,;, Huang, J.,;, Yao, Y.,;, Moriarty, T.,;, Emery, K.,;, Yang, Y., Nat. Mater. 2005, 4, 864-868.
11. Björström, C. M.,;, Nilsson, S.,;, Bernasik, A.,;, Rysz, J.,;, Budkowski, A.,;, Zhang, F.,;, Inganäs, O.,;, Andersson, M. R.,;, Magnusson, K. O.,;, Moons, E., Proc. SPIE 2006, 6192, 61921X.
12. Genzer, J.,;, Kramer, E., Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78, 4946-4949.
13. Arias, A. C., Polym. Rev. 2006, 46, 103-125.
14. Björström, C. M.,;, Nilsson, S.,;, Bernasik, A.,;, Budkowski, A.,;, Andersson, M.,;, Magnusson, K.,;, Moons, E., Appl. Surf. Sci. 2007, 253, 3906-3912.
15. Björström, C. M.,;, Bernasik, A.,;, Rysz, J.,;, Budkowski, A.,;, Nilsson, S.,;, Svensson, M.,;, Andersson, M. R.,;, Magnusson, K. O.,;, Moons, E., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2005, 17, L529-L534.
16. Chen, L.-M.,;, Xu, Z.,;, Hong, Z.,;, Yang, Y., J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 2575-2598.
17. Ho, P. K.-H.,;, Chua, L.-L.,;, Dipankar, M.,;, Gao, X. Y.,;, Qi, D. C.,;, Wee, A. T.-S.,;, Chang, J.-F.,;, Friend, R. H., Adv. Mater. 2007, 19, 215-221.
18. Bulle-Lieuwma, C.,;, Gennip, W. J. H. van,;, Duren, J. K. J. van,;, Jonkheijm, P.,;, Janssen, R. A. J.,;, Niemantsverdriet, J. W., Appl. Surf. Sci. 2003, 203-204, 547-550.
19. Bavel, S. van,;, Sourty, E.,;, With, G. de,;, Loos, J., Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 507-513.
20. Bavel, S. van,;, Sourty, E.,;, With, G. de,;, Frolic, K.,;, Loos, J., Macromolecules 2009, 42, 7396-7403.
21. Andersson, B. V.,;, Herland, A.,;, Masich, S.,;, Inganäs, O., Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 853-855.
22. Oosterhout, S. D.,;, Wienk, M. M.,;, Bavel, S. S. van,;, Thiedmann, R.,;, Koster, L. J. A.,;, Gilot, J.,;, Loos, J.,;, Schmidt, V.,;, Janssen, R. A. J., Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 818-824.
23. Kiel, J. W.,;, Kirby, B. J.,;, Majkrzak, C. F.,;, Maranville, B. B.,;, Mackay, M. E., Soft Matter 2010, 6, 641-646.
24. Parnell, A. J.,;, Dunbar, A. D. F.,;, Pearson, A. J.,;, Staniec, P. A.,;, Dennison, A. J. C.,;, Hamamatsu, H.,;, Skoda, M. W. A.,;, Lidzey, D. G.,;, Jones, R. A. L., Adv. Mater. 2010, 22, 2444-2447.
25. Campoy-Quiles, M.,;, Ferenczi, T.,;, Agostinelli, T.,;, Etchegoin, P. G.,;, Kim, Y.,;, Anthopoulos, T. D.,;, Stavrinou, P. N.,;, Bradley, D. D. C.,;, Nelson, J., Nat. Mater. 2008, 7, 158-164.
26. Müller, C.,;, Bergqvist, J.,;, Vandewal, K.,;, Tvingstedt, K.,;, Anselmo, A. S.,;, Magnusson, R.,;, Alonso, M. I.,;, Moons, E.,;, Arwin, H.,;, Campoy-quiles, M.,;, Inganäs, O., J. Mater. Chem. 2011, 21, 10676-10684.
27. Germack, D. S.,;, Chan, C. K.,;, Hamadani, B. H.,;, Richter, L. J.,;, Fischer, D. A.,;, Gundlach, D. J.,;, DeLongchamp, D. M., Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94, 233303.
28. Germack, D. S.,;, Chan, C. K.,;, Kline, R. J.,;, Fischer, D. A.,;, Gundlach, D. J.,;, Toney, M. F.,;, Richter, L. J.,;, DeLongchamp, D. M., Macromolecules 2010, 43, 3828-3836.
29. Xue, B.,;, Vaughan, B.,;, Poh, C.-H.,;, Burke, K. B.,;, Thomsen, L.,;, Stapleton, A.,;, Zhou, X.,;, Bryant, G. W.,;, Belcher, W.,;, Dastoor, P. C., J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 15797-15805.
30. Tillack, A. F.,;, Noone, K. M.,;, Macleod, B. A.,;, Nordlund, D.,;, Nagle, K. P.,;, Bradley, J. A.,;, Hau, S. K.,;, Yip, H.-L.,;, Jen, A. K.-Y.,;, Seidler, G. T.,;, Ginger, D. S., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3, 726-732.
31. McNeill, C. R.,;, Watts, B.,;, Thomsen, L.,;, Belcher, W. J.,;, Kilcoyne, a L. D.,;, Greenham, N. C.,;, Dastoor, P. C., Small 2006, 2, 1432-1435.
32. Stöhr, J., NEXAFS SpectroscopySpringer Series in Surface Science 25; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1996.
33. Stöhr, J.,;, Outka, D. A., Phys. Rev. B 1987, 36, 7891-7905.
34. DeLongchamp, D. M.,;, Lin, E. K.,;, Fischer, D. A., Proc. SPIE 2005, 5940, 59400A-59400A11.
35. Hammond, M. R.,;, Kline, R. J.,;, Herzing, A. A.,;, Richter, L. J.,;, Germack, D. S.,;, Ro, H.-W.,;, Soles, C. L.,;, Fischer, D. A.,;, Xu, T.,;, Yu, L.,;, Toney, M. F.,;, Delongchamp, D. M., ACS Nano 2011, 5, 8248-8257.
36. Donley, C. L.,;, Zaumseil, J.,;, Andreasen, J. W.,;, Nielsen, M. M.,;, Sirringhaus, H.,;, Friend, R. H.,;, Kim, J.-S., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 12890-12899.
37. Erb, T.,;, Zhokhavets, U.,;, Gobsch, G.,;, Raleva, S.,;, Stühn, B.,;, Schilinsky, P.,;, Waldauf, C.,;, Brabec, C. J., Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15, 1193-1196.
38. Zharnikov, M.,;, Ouchi, Y.,;, Hasegawa, M.,;, Scholl, A.,;, Source, A. L.,;, Berkeley, L., 2004, 859-863.
39. DeLongchamp, D. M.,;, Vogel, B. M.,;, Jung, Y.,;, Gurau, M. C.,;, Richter, C. A.,;, Kirillov, O. A.,;, Obrzut, J.,;, Fischer, D. A.,;, Sambasivan, S.,;, Richter, L. J.,;, Lin, E. K., Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 5610-5612.
40. Jung, Y.,;, Cho, T.-Y.,;, Yoon, D. Y.,;, Frank, C. W.,;, Lüning, J., Macromolecules 2005, 38, 867-872.
41. Cheun, H.,;, Liu, X.,;, Himpsel, F. J.,;, Knaapila, M.,;, Scherf, U.,;, Torkkeli, M.,;, Winokur, M. J., Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2008, 41, 6463-6472.
42. Chen, D.,;, Nakahara, A.,;, Wei, D.,;, Nordlund, D.,;, Russell, T. P., Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 561-567.
43. Björström Svanström, C.,;, Rysz, J.,;, Bernasik, A.,;, Andersson, M. R.,;, Budkowski, A.,;, Zhang, F.,;, Inganäs, O.,;, Magnusson, K. O.,;, Benson-Smith, J. J.,;, Nelson, J.,;, Moons, E., Adv. Mater. 2009, 21, 4398-4403.
44. Inganäs, O.,;, Svensson, M.,;, Gadisa, A.,;, Zhang, F.,;, Persson, N. K.,;, Wang, X.,;, Andersson, M. R., Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 2004, 79, 31-35.
45. Zhang, F.,;, Jespersen, K. G.,;, Björström, C.,;, Svensson, M.,;, Andersson, M. R.,;, Sundström, V.,;, Magnusson, K.,;, Moons, E.,;, Yartsev, a.,;, Inganäs, O., Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 667-674.
46. Svensson, M.,;, Zhang, F.,;, Veenstra, S. C.,;, Verhees, W. J. H.,;, Hummelen, J. C.,;, Kroon, J. M.,;, Inganäs, O.,;, Andersson, M. R., Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 988-991.
47. Kern, W.,;, Puotinen, D. A., RCA Rev. 1970, 31, 187-206.
48. Kern, W., J. Electrochem. Soc. 1990, 137, 1887-1892.
49. Kissinger, G.,;, Kissinger, W., Phys. Status Solidi (a) 1991, 123, 185-192.
50. Chua, L.-L.,;, Dipankar, M.,;, Sivaramakrishnan, S.,;, Gao, X.,;, Qi, D.,;, Wee, A. T. S.,;, Ho, P. K. H., Langmuir 2006, 22, 8587-8594.
51. Sohn, K. E.,;, Dimitriou, M. D.,;, Genzer, J.,;, Fischer, D. A.,;, Hawker, C. J.,;, Kramer, E. J., Langmuir 2009, 25, 6341-6348.
52. Prabhu, V.,;, Sambasivan, S.,;, Fischer, D.,;, Sundberg, L.,;, Allen, R., Appl. Surf. Sci. 2006, 253, 1010-1014.
53. Zharnikov, M.,;, Frey, S.,;, Heister, K.,;, Grunze, M., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2002, 124, 15-24.
54. Watts, B.,;, Thomsen, L.,;, Dastoor, P., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2006, 151, 105-120.
55. Watts, B.,;, Ade, H., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2008, 162, 49-55.
56. Dhez, O.,;, Ade, H.,;, Urquhart, S. G., J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 2003, 128, 85-96.
57. Watts, B.,;, Swaraj, S.,;, Nordlund, D.,;, Lüning, J.,;, Ade, H., J. Chem. Phys. 2011, 134, 024702.
58. Jönsson, S. K. M.,;, Carlegrim, E.,;, Zhang, F.,;, Salaneck, W. R.,;, Fahlman, M., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 44, 3695-3701.
59. Felicissimo, M. P.,;, Jarzab, D.,;, Gorgoi, M.,;, Forster, M.,;, Scherf, U.,;, Scharber, M. C.,;, Svensson, S.,;, Rudolf, P.,;, Loi, M. A., J. Mater. Chem. 2009, 19, 4899-4901.
60. Park, J.,;, Yang, R.,;, Hoven, C. V.,;, Garcia, A.,;, Fischer, D. A.,;, Nguyen, T.,;, Bazan, G. C.,;, DeLongchamp, D. M., Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 2491-2496.
61. Bazylewski, P. F.,;, Kim, K. H.,;, Forrest, J. L.,;, Tada, H.,;, Choi, D. H.,;, Chang, G. S., Chem. Phys. Lett. 2011, 508, 90-94.