메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 59-70

The renin angiotensin aldosterone system and insulin resistance in humans

Author keywords

Adipocytes; Aldosterone; Angiotensin 1 7; Angiotensin converting enzyme; Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; Angiotensin II; Angiotensin II receptor blocker; Animal models, Renin inhibitor; Clinical trials; Diabetes mellitus; Genetics; Glucose metabolism; Human studies; Hypertension; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Insulin secretion; Insulin sensitivity; Insulin signaling; Obesity; Pancreas; Polymorphisms; Renin angiotensin aldosterone system; Skeletal muscle

Indexed keywords

ALDOSTERONE; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 2; ANGIOTENSIN II; ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANGIOTENSIN[1-7]; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; NATEGLINIDE; PLACEBO; RAMIPRIL; RENIN; ROSIGLITAZONE; VALSARTAN;

EID: 84872620292     PISSN: 15226417     EISSN: 15343111     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-012-0323-2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (153)

References (136)
  • 1
    • 84866395319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunctional adiposity and the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in obese adults
    • 22990274 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsFemurfJ 10.1001/2012.jama.11132
    • Neeland IJ, Turer AT, Ayers CR, et al. Dysfunctional adiposity and the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in obese adults. JAMA. 2012;308:1150-9.
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.308 , pp. 1150-1159
    • Neeland, I.J.1    Turer, A.T.2    Ayers, C.R.3
  • 3
    • 33845881411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
    • DOI 10.1038/nature05482, PII NATURE05482
    • Kahn SE, Hull RL, Utzschneider KM. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2006;444:840-6. (Pubitemid 46024990)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , Issue.7121 , pp. 840-846
    • Kahn, S.E.1    Hull, R.L.2    Utzschneider, K.M.3
  • 4
    • 79951696092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. workers
    • Davila EP, Florez LE, Fleming LE, et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among U.S. workers. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(11):2390-95.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , Issue.11 , pp. 2390-2395
    • Davila, E.P.1    Florez, L.E.2    Fleming, L.E.3
  • 5
    • 2542465083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in US populations
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ecl.2004.03.004, PII S0889852904000210
    • Ford ES. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in US populations. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2004;33:333-50. (Pubitemid 38680633)
    • (2004) Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 333-350
    • Ford, E.S.1
  • 6
    • 53049108337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome and incident diabetes: Current state of the evidence
    • 18591398 10.2337/dc08-0423
    • Ford ES, Li C, Sattar N. Metabolic syndrome and incident diabetes: current state of the evidence. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1898-904.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 1898-1904
    • Ford, E.S.1    Li, C.2    Sattar, N.3
  • 7
    • 79960558916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate versus intensive treatment of hypertension using amlodipine/valsartan and with the addition of hydrochlorothiazide for patients uncontrolled on angiotensin receptor blocker monotherapy: Results in racial/ethnic subgroups
    • 21482217 10.1016/j.jash.2011.02.007
    • Ofili EO, Oparil S, Giles T, et al. Moderate versus intensive treatment of hypertension using amlodipine/valsartan and with the addition of hydrochlorothiazide for patients uncontrolled on angiotensin receptor blocker monotherapy: results in racial/ethnic subgroups. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2011;5:249-58.
    • (2011) J Am Soc Hypertens , vol.5 , pp. 249-258
    • Ofili, E.O.1    Oparil, S.2    Giles, T.3
  • 8
    • 84861494511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive response
    • 22566497 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XntVSgsrs%3D 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112. 192559
    • Campbell CY, Blumenthal RS. Pharmacogenetics of antihypertensive response. Hypertension. 2012;59:1094-6.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.59 , pp. 1094-1096
    • Campbell, C.Y.1    Blumenthal, R.S.2
  • 9
    • 77951453096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events
    • The NAVIGATOR study, one of the first prospective randomized control trials powered to evaluate the effect of RAAS blockade (valsartan) on incidence of diabetes as a primary endpoint. Individuals receiving valsartan had a 14 % reduction in the incidence of diabetes compared to the placebo control group
    • •• McMurray JJ, Holman RR, Haffner SM, et al. Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1477-90. The NAVIGATOR study, one of the first prospective randomized control trials powered to evaluate the effect of RAAS blockade (valsartan) on incidence of diabetes as a primary endpoint. Individuals receiving valsartan had a 14 % reduction in the incidence of diabetes compared to the placebo control group.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 1477-1490
    • McMurray, J.J.1    Holman, R.R.2    Haffner, S.M.3
  • 10
    • 79956188610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valsartan improves {beta}-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism: A randomized controlled trial
    • This is the first randomized control trial in humans that evaluated the effect of an ARB versus placebo on beta cell function. Chronic valsartan treatment, compared with placebo control, improved glucose stimulated insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test as well as insulin sensitivity assessed by euglycemic clamp, suggesting that ARB blockade has an effect not only on glucose uptake, but also pancreatic insulin secretion
    • •• van der Zijl NJ, Moors CC, Goossens GH, Hermans MM, Blaak EE, Diamant M. Valsartan improves {beta}-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2011;34:845-51. This is the first randomized control trial in humans that evaluated the effect of an ARB versus placebo on beta cell function. Chronic valsartan treatment, compared with placebo control, improved glucose stimulated insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test as well as insulin sensitivity assessed by euglycemic clamp, suggesting that ARB blockade has an effect not only on glucose uptake, but also pancreatic insulin secretion.
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , pp. 845-851
    • Van Der Zijl, N.J.1    Moors, C.C.2    Goossens, G.H.3    Hermans, M.M.4    Blaak, E.E.5    Diamant, M.6
  • 11
    • 24044536393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers for prevention of type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    • DOI 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.05.051, PII S0735109705012714
    • Abuissa H, Jones PG, Marso SP, O'Keefe JH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers for prevention of type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:821-6. (Pubitemid 41224805)
    • (2005) Journal of the American College of Cardiology , vol.46 , Issue.5 , pp. 821-826
    • Abuissa, H.1    Jones, P.G.2    Marso, S.P.3    O'Keefe Jr., J.H.4
  • 12
    • 84555205605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in abdominally obese hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glucose
    • 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtlOnsr7E
    • Perlstein TS, Henry RR, Mather KJ, et al. Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in abdominally obese hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glucose. Clin Sci (Lond). 2012;122:193-202.
    • (2012) Clin Sci (Lond) , vol.122 , pp. 193-202
    • Perlstein, T.S.1    Henry, R.R.2    Mather, K.J.3
  • 13
    • 84857030484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of losartan on whole body, skeletal muscle and vascular insulin responses in obesity/insulin resistance without hypertension
    • 22051059 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XltFKksrg%3D 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01522.x
    • Lteif AA, Chisholm RL, Gilbert K, Considine RV, Mather KJ. Effects of losartan on whole body, skeletal muscle and vascular insulin responses in obesity/insulin resistance without hypertension. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14:254-61.
    • (2012) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.14 , pp. 254-261
    • Lteif, A.A.1    Chisholm, R.L.2    Gilbert, K.3    Considine, R.V.4    Mather, K.J.5
  • 14
    • 84884417606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and progression of insulin resistance
    • doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.021
    • Marcus Y, Shefer G, Stern N. Adipose tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and progression of insulin resistance. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.021.
    • (2012) Mol Cell Endocrinol
    • Marcus, Y.1    Shefer, G.2    Stern, N.3
  • 15
    • 84858272604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The renin-angiotensin system: A target of and contributor to dyslipidemias, altered glucose homeostasis, and hypertension of the metabolic syndrome
    • 22227126 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XkslCis7c%3D 10.1152/ajpheart.00796.2011
    • Putnam K, Shoemaker R, Yiannikouris F, Cassis LA. The renin-angiotensin system: a target of and contributor to dyslipidemias, altered glucose homeostasis, and hypertension of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2012;302:H1219-30.
    • (2012) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.302 , pp. 1219-1230
    • Putnam, K.1    Shoemaker, R.2    Yiannikouris, F.3    Cassis, L.A.4
  • 16
    • 84884532534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic actions of angiotensin II and insulin: A microvascular endothelial balancing act
    • doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.017
    • Muniyappa R, Yavuz S. Metabolic actions of angiotensin II and insulin: a microvascular endothelial balancing act. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.05.017.
    • (2012) Mol Cell Endocrinol
    • Muniyappa, R.1    Yavuz, S.2
  • 17
    • 84884530768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the renin angiotensin system in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
    • doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.04.011
    • Henriksen EJ, Prasannarong M. The role of the renin angiotensin system in the development of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.04.011.
    • (2012) Mol Cell Endocrinol.
    • Henriksen, E.J.1    Prasannarong, M.2
  • 18
    • 79953220111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin III stimulates aldosterone secretion from adrenal gland partially via angiotensin II type 2 receptor but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor
    • 21303953 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXkvVOkt7c%3D 10.1210/en.2010-1070
    • Yatabe J, Yoneda M, Yatabe MS, et al. Angiotensin III stimulates aldosterone secretion from adrenal gland partially via angiotensin II type 2 receptor but not angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Endocrinology. 2011;152:1582-8.
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 1582-1588
    • Yatabe, J.1    Yoneda, M.2    Yatabe, M.S.3
  • 19
    • 84355162846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moderate cardiac-selective overexpression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor protects cardiac functions from ischaemic injury
    • 21967903 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xjs1Shsb4%3D
    • Qi Y, Li H, Shenoy V, et al. Moderate cardiac-selective overexpression of angiotensin II type 2 receptor protects cardiac functions from ischaemic injury. Exp Physiol. 2012;97:89-101.
    • (2012) Exp Physiol , vol.97 , pp. 89-101
    • Qi, Y.1    Li, H.2    Shenoy, V.3
  • 20
    • 33846576694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of protective effects induced by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system: Novel role of the pancreatic islet angiotensin-generating system in Type 2 diabetes
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02072.x
    • Leung PS. Mechanisms of protective effects induced by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system: novel role of the pancreatic islet angiotensin-generating system in Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2007;24:110-6. (Pubitemid 46174932)
    • (2007) Diabetic Medicine , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 110-116
    • Leung, P.S.1
  • 21
    • 0041885190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and sympathetic drive in obese hypertensive individuals: Results of the CROSS study
    • DOI 10.1097/00004872-200309000-00027
    • Grassi G, Seravalle G, Dell'Oro R, et al. Comparative effects of candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and sympathetic drive in obese hypertensive individuals: results of the CROSS study. J Hypertens. 2003;21:1761-9. (Pubitemid 37076361)
    • (2003) Journal of Hypertension , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 1761-1769
    • Grassi, G.1    Seravalle, G.2    Dell'Oro, R.3    Trevano, F.Q.4    Bombelli, M.5    Scopelliti, F.6    Facchini, A.7    Mancia, G.8
  • 22
  • 23
    • 34547843572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin type-1 receptor blockade with losartan increases insulin sensitivity and improves glucose homeostasis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
    • DOI 10.1093/ndt/gfm049
    • Jin HM, Pan Y. Angiotensin type-1 receptor blockade with losartan increases insulin sensitivity and improves glucose homeostasis in subjects with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22:1943-9. (Pubitemid 47244764)
    • (2007) Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 1943-1949
    • Jin, H.-M.1    Pan, Y.2
  • 25
    • 0033589756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study
    • 10577635 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVan 10.1016/S0140-6736(99)10327-1
    • Hansson L, Lindholm LH, Ekbom T, et al. Randomised trial of old and new antihypertensive drugs in elderly patients: cardiovascular mortality and morbidity the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension-2 study. Lancet. 1999;354:1751-6.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1751-1756
    • Hansson, L.1    Lindholm, L.H.2    Ekbom, T.3
  • 27
    • 0037174372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: A Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy
    • 12243636 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xnt12rurk%3D 10.1001/jama.288.12.1491
    • Kjeldsen SE, Dahlöf B, Devereux RB, et al. Effects of losartan on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with isolated systolic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: a Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction (LIFE) substudy. JAMA. 2002;288:1491-8.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 1491-1498
    • Kjeldsen, S.E.1    Dahlöf, B.2    Devereux, R.B.3
  • 29
    • 18544376399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of new-onset diabetes in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study
    • 12195132 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XntlOmt7g%3D 10.1097/00004872-200209000-00035
    • Lindholm LH, Ibsen H, Borch-Johnsen K, et al. Risk of new-onset diabetes in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. J Hypertens. 2002;20:1879-86.
    • (2002) J Hypertens , vol.20 , pp. 1879-1886
    • Lindholm, L.H.1    Ibsen, H.2    Borch-Johnsen, K.3
  • 32
    • 65449118734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The renin angiotensin aldosterone system in hypertension: Roles of insulin resistance and oxidative stress
    • 19427492 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXotFSqurc%3D 10.1016/j.mcna.2009.02.014
    • Manrique C, Lastra G, Gardner M, Sowers JR. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system in hypertension: roles of insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93:569-82.
    • (2009) Med Clin North Am , vol.93 , pp. 569-582
    • Manrique, C.1    Lastra, G.2    Gardner, M.3    Sowers, J.R.4
  • 33
    • 74949136703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors regulate basal skeletal muscle microvascular volume and glucose use
    • 19996061 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotVahsA%3D%3D 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109. 145409
    • Chai W, Wang W, Liu J, et al. Angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors regulate basal skeletal muscle microvascular volume and glucose use. Hypertension. 2010;55:523-30.
    • (2010) Hypertension , vol.55 , pp. 523-530
    • Chai, W.1    Wang, W.2    Liu, J.3
  • 34
    • 2942657604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II-induced effects on adipose and skeletal muscle tissue blood flow and lipolysis in normal-weight and obese subjects
    • DOI 10.1210/jc.2003-032053
    • • Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Saris WH, van Baak MA. Angiotensin II-induced effects on adipose and skeletal muscle tissue blood flow and lipolysis in normal-weight and obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2690-6. A physiologic human study that evaluated the effects of ANGII infusion on lipolysis in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, demonstrating that ANGII inhibits lipolysis (which may increase insulin resistance) in these tissues in both obese and healthy individuals. A limitation of this study is that measurements of insulin resistance were not measured to determine whether they correlated with decreases in lipolysis. (Pubitemid 38766351)
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.89 , Issue.6 , pp. 2690-2696
    • Goossens, G.H.1    Blaak, E.E.2    Saris, W.H.M.3    Van Baak, M.A.4
  • 35
    • 84863561688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candesartan acutely recruits skeletal and cardiac muscle microvasculature in healthy humans
    • 22508711 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtFGru7fN 10.1210/jc.2011-3455
    • Sauder MA, Liu J, Jahn LA, Fowler DE, Chai W, Liu Z. Candesartan acutely recruits skeletal and cardiac muscle microvasculature in healthy humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:E1208-12.
    • (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.97 , pp. 1208-1212
    • Sauder, M.A.1    Liu, J.2    Jahn, L.A.3    Fowler, D.E.4    Chai, W.5    Liu, Z.6
  • 36
    • 77951754521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct inhibition by angiotensin II of insulin-dependent glucose transport activity in mammalian skeletal muscle involves a ROS-dependent mechanism
    • 20384568 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltF2rs7w%3D 10.3109/13813451003758703
    • Diamond-Stanic MK, Henriksen EJ. Direct inhibition by angiotensin II of insulin-dependent glucose transport activity in mammalian skeletal muscle involves a ROS-dependent mechanism. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2010;116:88-95.
    • (2010) Arch Physiol Biochem , vol.116 , pp. 88-95
    • Diamond-Stanic, M.K.1    Henriksen, E.J.2
  • 37
    • 0029918750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of trandolapril and verapamil on glucose transport in insulin- resistant rat skeletal muscle
    • DOI 10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90021-9
    • Jacob S, Henriksen EJ, Fogt DL, Dietze GJ. Effects of trandolapril and verapamil on glucose transport in insulin-resistant rat skeletal muscle. Metabolism. 1996;45:535-41. (Pubitemid 26146103)
    • (1996) Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental , vol.45 , Issue.5 , pp. 535-541
    • Jacob, S.1    Henriksen, E.J.2    Fogt, D.L.3    Dietze, G.J.4
  • 38
    • 0035724736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective angiotensin II receptor antagonism reduces insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats
    • Henriksen EJ, Jacob S, Kinnick TR, Teachey MK, Krekler M. Selective angiotensin II receptor antagonism reduces insulin resistance in obese Zucker rats. Hypertension. 2001;38:884-90. (Pubitemid 34258687)
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.38 , Issue.4 , pp. 884-890
    • Henriksen, E.J.1    Jacob, S.2    Kinnick, T.R.3    Teachey, M.K.4    Krekler, M.5
  • 41
    • 33750915439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-term ACE inhibitor treatment on peripheral insulin sensitivity in obese insulin-resistant subjects
    • DOI 10.1007/s00125-006-0458-2
    • Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Schiffers PM, Saris WH, van Baak MA. Effect of short-term ACE inhibitor treatment on peripheral insulin sensitivity in obese insulin-resistant subjects. Diabetologia. 2006;49:3009-16. (Pubitemid 44730305)
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , Issue.12 , pp. 3009-3016
    • Goossens, G.H.1    Blaak, E.E.2    Schiffers, P.M.3    Saris, W.H.M.4    Van Baak, M.A.5
  • 42
    • 0026476527 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic ACE inhibition on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients
    • 1395466 1:STN:280:DyaK3s%2FgvFGktw%3D%3D 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1992. tb01882.x
    • Seghieri G, Yin W, Boni C, et al. Effect of chronic ACE inhibition on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 1992;9:732-8.
    • (1992) Diabet Med , vol.9 , pp. 732-738
    • Seghieri, G.1    Yin, W.2    Boni, C.3
  • 43
    • 0027374136 scopus 로고
    • Pressor doses of angiotensin II increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake in normotensive men
    • 8214044 1:CAS:528:DyaK2cXhtlar
    • Townsend RR, DiPette DJ. Pressor doses of angiotensin II increase insulin-mediated glucose uptake in normotensive men. Am J Physiol. 1993;265:E362-6.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.265 , pp. 362-366
    • Townsend, R.R.1    Dipette, D.J.2
  • 44
    • 0027280155 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II enhances insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers under euglycemic conditions
    • Fliser D, Arnold U, Kohl B, Hartung R, Ritz E. Angiotensin II enhances insulin sensitivity in healthy volunteers under euglycemic conditions. J Hypertens. 1993;11:983-8. (Pubitemid 23277474)
    • (1993) Journal of Hypertension , vol.11 , Issue.9 , pp. 983-988
    • Fliser, D.1    Arnold, U.2    Kohl, B.3    Hartung, R.4    Ritz, E.5
  • 47
    • 84866423935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Renin-Angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
    • 22986649 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xhtlyru7bJ 10.1159/000342776
    • Goossens GH. The Renin-Angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Obes Facts. 2012;5:611-24.
    • (2012) Obes Facts , vol.5 , pp. 611-624
    • Goossens, G.H.1
  • 50
    • 79957673691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of body mass index and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity on the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adiponectin in Caucasian men
    • 21402748 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXotFOmu7o%3D 10.1530/EJE-11-0025
    • Vaidya A, Forman JP, Underwood PC, et al. The influence of body mass index and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity on the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adiponectin in Caucasian men. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164:995-1002.
    • (2011) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.164 , pp. 995-1002
    • Vaidya, A.1    Forman, J.P.2    Underwood, P.C.3
  • 51
    • 77949654518 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue-specific regulation of angiotensinogen in obese humans and mice: Impact of nutritional status and adipocyte hypertrophy
    • 20057360 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjsFCktbo%3D 10.1038/ajh.2009.263
    • Yasue S, Masuzaki H, Okada S, et al. Adipose tissue-specific regulation of angiotensinogen in obese humans and mice: impact of nutritional status and adipocyte hypertrophy. Am J Hypertens. 2010;23:425-31.
    • (2010) Am J Hypertens , vol.23 , pp. 425-431
    • Yasue, S.1    Masuzaki, H.2    Okada, S.3
  • 53
    • 15944377334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) reduces adipose cell size and protects from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance
    • DOI 10.2337/diabetes.54.4.991
    • Yvan-Charvet L, Even P, Bloch-Faure M, et al. Deletion of the angiotensin type 2 receptor (AT2R) reduces adipose cell size and protects from diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2005;54:991-9. (Pubitemid 40446313)
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 991-999
    • Yvan-Charvet, L.1    Even, P.2    Bloch-Faure, M.3    Guerre-Millo, M.4    Moustaid-Moussa, N.5    Ferre, P.6    Quignard-Boulange, A.7
  • 54
    • 84864282707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dahl salt-sensitive rats are protected against vascular defects related to diet-induced obesity
    • 22710645 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVCrs7rP 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.191551
    • Beyer AM, Raffai G, Weinberg B, Fredrich K, Lombard JH. Dahl salt-sensitive rats are protected against vascular defects related to diet-induced obesity. Hypertension. 2012;60:404-10.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.60 , pp. 404-410
    • Beyer, A.M.1    Raffai, G.2    Weinberg, B.3    Fredrich, K.4    Lombard, J.H.5
  • 55
    • 84855991759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valsartan-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity is not paralleled by changes in microvascular function in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism
    • 21844821 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834a7667 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtFClsbzN
    • van der Zijl NJ, Serné EH, Goossens GH, et al. Valsartan-induced improvement in insulin sensitivity is not paralleled by changes in microvascular function in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism. J Hypertens. 2011;29:1955-62.
    • (2011) J Hypertens , vol.29 , pp. 1955-1962
    • Van Der Zijl, N.J.1    Serné, E.H.2    Goossens, G.H.3
  • 57
    • 84866759749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of Angiotensin type 1a receptors in adipocytes reduces differentiation and promotes hypertrophy of adipocytes in lean mice
    • 22919058 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsVyqs7rP 10.1210/en.2012-1352
    • Putnam K, Batifoulier-Yiannikouris F, Bharadwaj KG, et al. Deficiency of Angiotensin type 1a receptors in adipocytes reduces differentiation and promotes hypertrophy of adipocytes in lean mice. Endocrinology. 2012;153:4677-86.
    • (2012) Endocrinology , vol.153 , pp. 4677-4686
    • Putnam, K.1    Batifoulier-Yiannikouris, F.2    Bharadwaj, K.G.3
  • 58
    • 51849092929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor blockers improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats by modulating adipose tissue
    • 18596725 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFWhtrvO 10.1038/ki.2008.313
    • Lee MH, Song HK, Ko GJ, et al. Angiotensin receptor blockers improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats by modulating adipose tissue. Kidney Int. 2008;74:890-900.
    • (2008) Kidney Int , vol.74 , pp. 890-900
    • Lee, M.H.1    Song, H.K.2    Ko, G.J.3
  • 60
    • 0036266179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mature adipocytes inhibit in vitro differentiation of human preadipocytes via angiotensin type 1 receptors
    • Janke J, Engeli S, Gorzelniak K, Luft FC, Sharma AM. Mature adipocytes inhibit in vitro differentiation of human preadipocytes via angiotensin type 1 receptors. Diabetes. 2002;51:1699-707. (Pubitemid 34564280)
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.6 , pp. 1699-1707
    • Janke, J.1    Engeli, S.2    Gorzelniak, K.3    Luft, F.C.4    Sharma, A.M.5
  • 61
    • 84863113881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valsartan improves adipose tissue function in humans with impaired glucose metabolism: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial
    • 22768174 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVSks7jO 10.1371/journal.pone.0039930
    • Goossens GH, Moors CC, van der Zijl NJ, et al. Valsartan improves adipose tissue function in humans with impaired glucose metabolism: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. PLoS One. 2012;7:e39930.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. 39930
    • Goossens, G.H.1    Moors, C.C.2    Van Der Zijl, N.J.3
  • 62
    • 33644781780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade improves β-cell function and glucose tolerance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes
    • DOI 10.2337/diabetes.55.02.06.db05-1022
    • Chu KY, Lau T, Carlsson PO, Leung PS. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade improves beta-cell function and glucose tolerance in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2006;55:367-74. (Pubitemid 43343265)
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 367-374
    • Kwan, Y.C.1    Lau, T.2    Carlsson, P.-O.3    Po, S.L.4
  • 63
    • 77149139835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valsartan protects pancreatic islets and adipose tissue from the inflammatory and metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet in mice
    • An elegant study demonstrating that valsartan blocks western diet induced increases in inflammation, insulin levels, and glucose stimulated insulin secretion in a mouse model of the metabolic syndrome. Results of this study demonstrate that the RAAS influences the relationship between high fat diet and a worsening metabolic profile and suggests that blocking the RAAS in individuals eating a high fat diet, a common problem in today's society, may be beneficial
    • •• Cole BK, Keller SR, Wu R, Carter JD, Nadler JL, Nunemaker CS. Valsartan protects pancreatic islets and adipose tissue from the inflammatory and metabolic consequences of a high-fat diet in mice. Hypertension 2010;55:715-21. An elegant study demonstrating that valsartan blocks western diet induced increases in inflammation, insulin levels, and glucose stimulated insulin secretion in a mouse model of the metabolic syndrome. Results of this study demonstrate that the RAAS influences the relationship between high fat diet and a worsening metabolic profile and suggests that blocking the RAAS in individuals eating a high fat diet, a common problem in today's society, may be beneficial.
    • (2010) Hypertension , vol.55 , pp. 715-721
    • Cole, B.K.1    Keller, S.R.2    Wu, R.3    Carter, J.D.4    Nadler, J.L.5    Nunemaker, C.S.6
  • 64
    • 73649103154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with an angiotensin II receptor blocker decreases adipocyte size and improves insulin signaling in obese Zucker rats
    • 19901849 10.1097/HJH.0b013e3283310e1b 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVanu7jP
    • Muñoz C, Giani JF, Dominici FP, Turyn D, Toblli JE. Long-term treatment with an angiotensin II receptor blocker decreases adipocyte size and improves insulin signaling in obese Zucker rats. J Hypertens. 2009;27:2409-20.
    • (2009) J Hypertens , vol.27 , pp. 2409-2420
    • Muñoz, C.1    Giani, J.F.2    Dominici, F.P.3    Turyn, D.4    Toblli, J.E.5
  • 65
    • 79955438066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Telmisartan improves insulin resistance and modulates adipose tissue macrophage polarization in high-fat-fed mice
    • 21427223 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXmsVKqur0%3D 10.1210/en.2010-1312
    • Fujisaka S, Usui I, Kanatani Y, et al. Telmisartan improves insulin resistance and modulates adipose tissue macrophage polarization in high-fat-fed mice. Endocrinology. 2011;152:1789-99.
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 1789-1799
    • Fujisaka, S.1    Usui, I.2    Kanatani, Y.3
  • 66
    • 77953034623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Renin-Angiotensin system blockade on insulin resistance and inflammatory parameters in patients with impaired glucose tolerance
    • 20086255 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXlslequro%3D 10.2337/dc09-1381
    • Pscherer S, Heemann U, Frank H. Effect of Renin-Angiotensin system blockade on insulin resistance and inflammatory parameters in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:914-9.
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , pp. 914-919
    • Pscherer, S.1    Heemann, U.2    Frank, H.3
  • 67
    • 0025881221 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for an intrinsic angiotensin system in the canine pancreas
    • 1655885 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXmt1Clurc%3D 10.1097/00004872-199108000-00008
    • Chappell MC, Millsted A, Diz DI, Brosnihan KB, Ferrario CM. Evidence for an intrinsic angiotensin system in the canine pancreas. J Hypertens. 1991;9:751-9.
    • (1991) J Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 751-759
    • Chappell, M.C.1    Millsted, A.2    Diz, D.I.3    Brosnihan, K.B.4    Ferrario, C.M.5
  • 68
    • 0029042966 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells
    • 7479311 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXmtl2rsr8%3D 10.1016/0196-9781(95)00044-K
    • Chappell MC, Jacobsen DW, Tallant EA. Characterization of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells. Peptides. 1995;16:741-7.
    • (1995) Peptides , vol.16 , pp. 741-747
    • Chappell, M.C.1    Jacobsen, D.W.2    Tallant, E.A.3
  • 69
    • 78650046602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE2 and diabetes: ACE of ACEs?
    • 21115782 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXlsVantA%3D%3D 10.2337/db10-1205
    • Batlle D, Jose Soler M, Ye M. ACE2 and diabetes: ACE of ACEs? Diabetes. 2010;59:2994-6.
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2994-2996
    • Batlle, D.1    Jose Soler, M.2    Ye, M.3
  • 70
    • 77950535437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on islet function in diabetic rats
    • 20203537 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXkvFOhsb0%3D
    • Yuan L, Li X, Xu GL, Qi CJ. Effects of renin-angiotensin system blockade on islet function in diabetic rats. J Endocrinol Invest. 2010;33:13-9.
    • (2010) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.33 , pp. 13-19
    • Yuan, L.1    Li, X.2    Xu, G.L.3    Qi, C.J.4
  • 71
    • 0031911742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin II and the endocrine pancreas: Effects on islet blood flow and insulin secretion in rats
    • DOI 10.1007/s001250050880
    • Carlsson PO, Berne C, Jansson L. Angiotensin II and the endocrine pancreas: effects on islet blood flow and insulin secretion in rats. Diabetologia. 1998;41:127-33. (Pubitemid 28088387)
    • (1998) Diabetologia , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-133
    • Carlsson, P.-O.1    Berne, C.2    Jansson, L.3
  • 72
    • 33846268833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasoactive drugs enhance pancreatic islet blood flow, augment insulin secretion and improve glucose tolerance in female rats
    • DOI 10.1042/CS20060176
    • Huang Z, Jansson L, Sjöholm A. Vasoactive drugs enhance pancreatic islet blood flow, augment insulin secretion and improve glucose tolerance in female rats. Clin Sci (Lond). 2007;112:69-76. (Pubitemid 46120087)
    • (2007) Clinical Science , vol.112 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 69-76
    • Huang, Z.1    Jansson, L.2    Sjoholm, A.3
  • 73
    • 1542374750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a local angiotensin-generating system and dose-dependent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by angiotensin II in isolated pancreatic islets
    • DOI 10.1007/s00125-003-1295-1
    • Lau T, Carlsson PO, Leung PS. Evidence for a local angiotensin-generating system and dose-dependent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by angiotensin II in isolated pancreatic islets. Diabetologia. 2004;47:240-8. (Pubitemid 38315360)
    • (2004) Diabetologia , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 240-248
    • Lau, T.1    Carlsson, P.-O.2    Leung, P.S.3
  • 75
    • 84859393335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor blockade increases pancreatic insulin secretion and decreases glucose intolerance during glucose supplementation in a model of metabolic syndrome
    • A novel study demonstrating the effects of ARB treatment (olmesartan) on pancreatic insulin secreation and GLP-1 signalling in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome-OLETF rats. Interestingly, olmesartan resulted in improvements in glucose stimulated pancreatic insulin secretion, decreases in pancreatic AT1R activation, and increases in GLP-1 signaling without changes in insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle. This is the first study to suggest that the relationship between RAAS blockade and improvements in insulin resistance may be mediated by changes in GLP-1 signaling
    • •• Rodriguez R, Viscarra JA, Minas JN, Nakano D, Nishiyama A, Ortiz RM. Angiotensin receptor blockade increases pancreatic insulin secretion and decreases glucose intolerance during glucose supplementation in a model of metabolic syndrome. Endocrinology 2012;153:1684-95. A novel study demonstrating the effects of ARB treatment (olmesartan) on pancreatic insulin secreation and GLP-1 signalling in a rat model of the metabolic syndrome-OLETF rats. Interestingly, olmesartan resulted in improvements in glucose stimulated pancreatic insulin secretion, decreases in pancreatic AT1R activation, and increases in GLP-1 signaling without changes in insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle. This is the first study to suggest that the relationship between RAAS blockade and improvements in insulin resistance may be mediated by changes in GLP-1 signaling.
    • (2012) Endocrinology , vol.153 , pp. 1684-1695
    • Rodriguez, R.1    Viscarra, J.A.2    Minas, J.N.3    Nakano, D.4    Nishiyama, A.5    Ortiz, R.M.6
  • 76
    • 77954957395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin receptor blocker/diuretic combination preserves insulin responses in obese hypertensives
    • 20498618 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXptVCms78%3D 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32833af380
    • Sowers JR, Raij L, Jialal I, et al. Angiotensin receptor blocker/diuretic combination preserves insulin responses in obese hypertensives. J Hypertens. 2010;28:1761-9.
    • (2010) J Hypertens , vol.28 , pp. 1761-1769
    • Sowers, J.R.1    Raij, L.2    Jialal, I.3
  • 77
    • 33845982928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on β-cell function in humans [1]
    • DOI 10.2337/dc06-1745
    • Bokhari S, Israelian Z, Schmidt J, Brinton E, Meyer C. Effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade on beta-cell function in humans. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:181. (Pubitemid 46052522)
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 181
    • Bokhari, S.1    Israelian, Z.2    Schmidt, J.3    Brinton, E.4    Meyer, C.5
  • 78
    • 67650541842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Devil and angel in the renin-angiotensin system: ACE-angiotensin II-AT1 receptor axis vs. ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis
    • 19461648 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXot12gtrk%3D 10.1038/hr.2009.74
    • Iwai M, Horiuchi M. Devil and angel in the renin-angiotensin system: ACE-angiotensin II-AT1 receptor axis vs. ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. Hypertens Res. 2009;32:533-6.
    • (2009) Hypertens Res , vol.32 , pp. 533-536
    • Iwai, M.1    Horiuchi, M.2
  • 79
    • 40749088567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mas deficiency in FVB/N mice produces marked changes in lipid and glycemic metabolism
    • 18025412 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhvVOktrg%3D 10.2337/db07-0953
    • Santos SH, Fernandes LR, Mario EG, et al. Mas deficiency in FVB/N mice produces marked changes in lipid and glycemic metabolism. Diabetes. 2008;57:340-7.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 340-347
    • Santos, S.H.1    Fernandes, L.R.2    Mario, E.G.3
  • 80
    • 84872617624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: New players of the Renin Angiotensin System
    • doi: 10.1530/JOE-12-0341
    • Santos RA, Ferreira AJ, Verano-Braga T, Bader M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, Angiotensin-(1-7) and Mas: new players of the Renin Angiotensin System. J Endocrinol. 2012. doi: 10.1530/JOE-12-0341.
    • (2012) J Endocrinol.
    • Santos, R.A.1    Ferreira, A.J.2    Verano-Braga, T.3    Bader, M.4
  • 81
    • 0038053724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin i to angiotensin 1-9
    • 10969042 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhslOisr8%3D 10.1161/01.RES.87.5.e1
    • Donoghue M, Hsieh F, Baronas E, et al. A novel angiotensin-converting enzyme-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9. Circ Res. 2000;87:E1-9.
    • (2000) Circ Res , vol.87 , pp. 1-9
    • Donoghue, M.1    Hsieh, F.2    Baronas, E.3
  • 82
    • 62949127898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sweeter side of ACE2: Physiological evidence for a role in diabetes
    • 18948167 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjslOgtL8%3D 10.1016/j.mce.2008.09.020
    • Bindom SM, Lazartigues E. The sweeter side of ACE2: physiological evidence for a role in diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2009;302:193-202.
    • (2009) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.302 , pp. 193-202
    • Bindom, S.M.1    Lazartigues, E.2
  • 84
    • 84865820679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin system mediates the effects of dietary salt intake on atherogenesis in the apolipoprotein e knockout mouse
    • 22647892 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVerur%2FE 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112. 191767
    • Tikellis C, Pickering RJ, Tsorotes D, et al. Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin system mediates the effects of dietary salt intake on atherogenesis in the apolipoprotein E knockout mouse. Hypertension. 2012;60:98-105.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.60 , pp. 98-105
    • Tikellis, C.1    Pickering, R.J.2    Tsorotes, D.3
  • 85
    • 0035092904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of bradykinin by angiotensin-(1-7) on arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats studied in vivo
    • Fernandes L, Fortes ZB, Nigro D, Tostes RC, Santos RA, Catelli De Carvalho MH. Potentiation of bradykinin by angiotensin-(1-7) on arterioles of spontaneously hypertensive rats studied in vivo. Hypertension. 2001;37:703-9. (Pubitemid 32199053)
    • (2001) Hypertension , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 703-709
    • Fernandes, L.1    Fortes, Z.B.2    Nigro, D.3    Tostes, R.C.A.4    Santos, R.A.S.5    Catelli De Carvalho, M.H.6
  • 86
    • 77957558776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin I-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) gene therapy improves glycemic control in diabetic mice
    • This is one of the first animal studies to show the beneficial effects of ACE2 on pancreatic function and glycemia. Human ACE2 delivered directly to the pancreas resulted in improved fasting glucose, reduced beta cell apoptosis, and improved beta cell proliferation in 8 week old db/db mice
    • • Bindom SM, Hans CP, Xia H, Boulares AH, Lazartigues E. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) gene therapy improves glycemic control in diabetic mice. Diabetes 2010;59:2540-8. This is one of the first animal studies to show the beneficial effects of ACE2 on pancreatic function and glycemia. Human ACE2 delivered directly to the pancreas resulted in improved fasting glucose, reduced beta cell apoptosis, and improved beta cell proliferation in 8 week old db/db mice.
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2540-2548
    • Bindom, S.M.1    Hans, C.P.2    Xia, H.3    Boulares, A.H.4    Lazartigues, E.5
  • 88
    • 60849095515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) improves insulin resistance and hypertension induced by a high-fructose diet in rats
    • 19001546 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXitVaqs7c%3D 10.1152/ajpendo.90678.2008
    • Giani JF, Mayer MA, Muñoz MC, et al. Chronic infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) improves insulin resistance and hypertension induced by a high-fructose diet in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009;296:E262-71.
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.296 , pp. 262-271
    • Giani, J.F.1    Mayer, M.A.2    Muñoz, M.C.3
  • 89
    • 84866893212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANG-(1-7) reduces ANG II-induced insulin resistance by enhancing Akt phosphorylation via a Mas receptor-dependent mechanism in rat skeletal muscle
    • 22960175 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtlOntrbI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.093
    • Prasannarong M, Santos FR, Henriksen EJ. ANG-(1-7) reduces ANG II-induced insulin resistance by enhancing Akt phosphorylation via a Mas receptor-dependent mechanism in rat skeletal muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;426:369-73.
    • (2012) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.426 , pp. 369-373
    • Prasannarong, M.1    Santos, F.R.2    Henriksen, E.J.3
  • 90
    • 84872028426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of Ace2 exaggerates high-calorie diet induced insulin resistance by reduction of glut4 in mice
    • doi: 10.2337/db12-0177
    • Takeda M, Yamamoto K, Takemura Y et al. Loss of Ace2 exaggerates high-calorie diet induced insulin resistance by reduction of glut4 in mice. Diabetes. 2012. doi: 10.2337/db12-0177.
    • (2012) Diabetes
    • Takeda, M.1    Yamamoto, K.2    Takemura, Y.3
  • 91
    • 84861099242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 exacerbates diabetic cardiovascular complications and leads to systolic and vascular dysfunction: A critical role of the angiotensin II/AT1 receptor axis
    • 22474255 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XmvVKmtro%3D 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.112.268029
    • Patel VB, Bodiga S, Basu R, et al. Loss of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 exacerbates diabetic cardiovascular complications and leads to systolic and vascular dysfunction: a critical role of the angiotensin II/AT1 receptor axis. Circ Res. 2012;110:1322-35.
    • (2012) Circ Res , vol.110 , pp. 1322-1335
    • Patel, V.B.1    Bodiga, S.2    Basu, R.3
  • 92
    • 84855860581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating ACE2 activity is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes and vascular complications
    • 22179088 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38Xmt1altg%3D%3D 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834f04b6
    • Soro-Paavonen A, Gordin D, Forsblom C, et al. Circulating ACE2 activity is increased in patients with type 1 diabetes and vascular complications. J Hypertens. 2012;30:375-83.
    • (2012) J Hypertens , vol.30 , pp. 375-383
    • Soro-Paavonen, A.1    Gordin, D.2    Forsblom, C.3
  • 93
    • 84861309963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased urinary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in renal transplant patients with diabetes
    • 22629438 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XotVWgurs%3D 10.1371/journal.pone.0037649
    • Xiao F, Hiremath S, Knoll G, et al. Increased urinary angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in renal transplant patients with diabetes. PLoS One. 2012;7:e37649.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7 , pp. 37649
    • Xiao, F.1    Hiremath, S.2    Knoll, G.3
  • 94
    • 79955974994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome
    • Briet M, Schiffrin El. The role of aldosterone in the metabolic syndrome. Hypertension Reports. 2011;13(2)163-172.
    • (2011) Hypertension Reports , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-172
    • Briet, M.1    Schiffrin, El.2
  • 95
    • 77951649148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone production and insulin resistance in healthy adults
    • 20130077 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltFSntr4%3D 10.1210/jc.2009-2521
    • Garg R, Hurwitz S, Williams GH, Hopkins PN, Adler GK. Aldosterone production and insulin resistance in healthy adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:1986-90.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , pp. 1986-1990
    • Garg, R.1    Hurwitz, S.2    Williams, G.H.3    Hopkins, P.N.4    Adler, G.K.5
  • 96
    • 81755177460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and glucose homeostasis
    • 21880378 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsV2mu7zI 10.1016/j.tips.2011.07.006
    • Luther JM, Brown NJ. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and glucose homeostasis. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2011;32:734-9.
    • (2011) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.32 , pp. 734-739
    • Luther, J.M.1    Brown, N.J.2
  • 97
    • 77956878370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in two main types of primary aldosteronism
    • 20574447 10.1038/jhh.2010.65 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFKhtrfJ
    • Somlóová Z, Widimský J, Rosa J, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in two main types of primary aldosteronism. J Hum Hypertens. 2010;24:625-30.
    • (2010) J Hum Hypertens , vol.24 , pp. 625-630
    • Somlóová, Z.1    Widimský, J.2    Rosa, J.3
  • 102
    • 79955547455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of plasma aldosterone with the metabolic syndrome in two German populations
    • 21357289 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXosleiurc%3D 10.1530/EJE-10-1074
    • Hannemann A, Meisinger C, Bidlingmaier M, et al. Association of plasma aldosterone with the metabolic syndrome in two German populations. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164:751-8.
    • (2011) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.164 , pp. 751-758
    • Hannemann, A.1    Meisinger, C.2    Bidlingmaier, M.3
  • 103
    • 83155180252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma aldosterone levels and development of insulin resistance: Prospective study in a general population
    • 22068870 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhsVOju7bN 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.180521
    • Kumagai E, Adachi H, Jacobs DR, et al. Plasma aldosterone levels and development of insulin resistance: prospective study in a general population. Hypertension. 2011;58:1043-8.
    • (2011) Hypertension , vol.58 , pp. 1043-1048
    • Kumagai, E.1    Adachi, H.2    Jacobs, D.R.3
  • 104
    • 84864276593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spironolactone prevents chlorthalidone-induced sympathetic activation and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients
    • 22733474 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhtVCrs7zM 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.194787
    • Raheja P, Price A, Wang Z, et al. Spironolactone prevents chlorthalidone-induced sympathetic activation and insulin resistance in hypertensive patients. Hypertension. 2012;60:319-25.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.60 , pp. 319-325
    • Raheja, P.1    Price, A.2    Wang, Z.3
  • 105
    • 84870417783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess aldosterone induced changes in insulin signaling molecultes and glucose oxidation in gastrocnemium muscle of adult male rat
    • doi: 10.1007/s11010-012-1452-2
    • Selvaraj J, Sathish S, Mayilvanan C, Balesubramanian K. Excess aldosterone induced changes in insulin signaling molecultes and glucose oxidation in gastrocnemium muscle of adult male rat. Mol Cell Biochem. 2012. doi: 10.1007/s11010-012-1452-2.
    • (2012) Mol Cell Biochem.
    • Selvaraj, J.1    Sathish, S.2    Mayilvanan, C.3    Balesubramanian, K.4
  • 106
    • 63849107748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake by degradation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and IRS2 via a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes
    • 19095745 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXktVWmu7Y%3D 10.1210/en.2008-1018
    • Wada T, Ohshima S, Fujisawa E, Koya D, Tsuneki H, Sasaoka T. Aldosterone inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake by degradation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) 1 and IRS2 via a reactive oxygen species-mediated pathway in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Endocrinology. 2009;150:1662-9.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 1662-1669
    • Wada, T.1    Ohshima, S.2    Fujisawa, E.3    Koya, D.4    Tsuneki, H.5    Sasaoka, T.6
  • 107
    • 79960916860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in murine islets
    • 21519965 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXos1Ogtrc%3D 10.1007/s00125-011-2158-9
    • Luther JM, Luo P, Kreger MT, et al. Aldosterone decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vivo in mice and in murine islets. Diabetologia. 2011;54:2152-63.
    • (2011) Diabetologia , vol.54 , pp. 2152-2163
    • Luther, J.M.1    Luo, P.2    Kreger, M.T.3
  • 108
    • 84860226019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipocytes produce aldosterone through calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways: Implications in diabetes mellitus-associated obesity and vascular dysfunction
    • The first study to demonstrate that aldosterone is produced locally in adipocytes, providing a physiologic link between the association of higher aldosterone levels and insulin resistance in obese individuals
    • • Briones AM, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Callera GE, et al. Adipocytes produce aldosterone through calcineurin-dependent signaling pathways: implications in diabetes mellitus-associated obesity and vascular dysfunction. Hypertension 2012;59:1069-78. The first study to demonstrate that aldosterone is produced locally in adipocytes, providing a physiologic link between the association of higher aldosterone levels and insulin resistance in obese individuals.
    • (2012) Hypertension , vol.59 , pp. 1069-1078
    • Briones, A.M.1    Nguyen Dinh Cat, A.2    Callera, G.E.3
  • 109
    • 0032798782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma aldosterone, plasma lipoproteins, obesity and insulin resistance in humans
    • DOI 10.1016/S0952-3278(99)80020-9
    • Goodfriend TL, Egan BM, Kelley DE. Plasma aldosterone, plasma lipoproteins, obesity and insulin resistance in humans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1999;60:401-5. (Pubitemid 29401800)
    • (1999) Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids , vol.60 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 401-405
    • Goodfriend, T.L.1    Egan, B.M.2    Kelley, D.E.3
  • 110
    • 78249240095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different effects of aliskiren and losartan on fibrinolysis and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome
    • 20814848 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsF2jsL7L 10.1055/s-0030-1263123
    • Fogari R, Zoppi A, Mugellini A, Lazzari P, Derosa G. Different effects of aliskiren and losartan on fibrinolysis and insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. Horm Metab Res. 2010;42:892-6.
    • (2010) Horm Metab Res , vol.42 , pp. 892-896
    • Fogari, R.1    Zoppi, A.2    Mugellini, A.3    Lazzari, P.4    Derosa, G.5
  • 111
    • 81555210904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aliskiren prevents and ameliorates metabolic syndrome in fructose-fed rats
    • 22291836 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XislWgt7k%3D 10.5114/aoms.2011.25566
    • Chou CL, Lai YH, Lin TY, Lee TJ, Fang TC. Aliskiren prevents and ameliorates metabolic syndrome in fructose-fed rats. Arch Med Sci. 2011;7:882-8.
    • (2011) Arch Med Sci , vol.7 , pp. 882-888
    • Chou, C.L.1    Lai, Y.H.2    Lin, T.Y.3    Lee, T.J.4    Fang, T.C.5
  • 112
    • 84872597203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct renin inhibitor prevents and ameliorates insulin resistance, aortic endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in fructose fed hypertensive rats
    • doi: 10.1038/hr.2012.124
    • Chou CL, Pang CY, Fang TC. Direct renin inhibitor prevents and ameliorates insulin resistance, aortic endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in fructose fed hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res. 2012. doi: 10.1038/hr.2012.124.
    • (2012) Hypertens Res
    • Chou, C.L.1    Pang, C.Y.2    Fang, T.C.3
  • 113
    • 66649091226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct renin inhibition improves systemic insulin resistance and skeletal muscle glucose transport in a transgenic rodent model of tissue renin overexpression
    • 19246535 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmvVCqtL8%3D 10.1210/en.2008-1391
    • Lastra G, Habibi J, Whaley-Connell AT, et al. Direct renin inhibition improves systemic insulin resistance and skeletal muscle glucose transport in a transgenic rodent model of tissue renin overexpression. Endocrinology. 2009;150:2561-8.
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , pp. 2561-2568
    • Lastra, G.1    Habibi, J.2    Whaley-Connell, A.T.3
  • 114
    • 0035091494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma renin activity and insulin resistance in African American and white children: The Bogalusa Heart Study
    • DOI 10.1016/S0895-7061(00)01274-7, PII S0895706100012747
    • Chen W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Plasma renin activity and insulin resistance in African American and white children: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14:212-7. (Pubitemid 32202703)
    • (2001) American Journal of Hypertension , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 212-217
    • Chen, W.1    Srinivasan, S.R.2    Berenson, G.S.3
  • 116
    • 48649103968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance in healthy subjects
    • The largest human genetics study (N = 1,286) that demonstrates a strong positive association between ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and increased insulin resistance in humans
    • • Bonnet F, Patel S, Laville M, et al. Influence of the ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism on insulin sensitivity and impaired glucose tolerance in healthy subjects. Diabetes Care 2008;31:789-94. The largest human genetics study (N = 1,286) that demonstrates a strong positive association between ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism and increased insulin resistance in humans.
    • (2008) Diabetes Care , vol.31 , pp. 789-794
    • Bonnet, F.1    Patel, S.2    Laville, M.3
  • 117
    • 84867135782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci association with fasting insulin and insulin resistance in African Americans
    • 22791750 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XhsVartrbN 10.1093/hmg/dds282
    • Chen G, Bentley A, Adeyemo A, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies novel loci association with fasting insulin and insulin resistance in African Americans. Hum Mol Genet. 2012;21:4530-6.
    • (2012) Hum Mol Genet , vol.21 , pp. 4530-4536
    • Chen, G.1    Bentley, A.2    Adeyemo, A.3
  • 118
    • 80053405321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes
    • 21873549 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhtl2is73K 10.2337/db11-0415
    • Strawbridge RJ, Dupuis J, Prokopenko I, et al. Genome-wide association identifies nine common variants associated with fasting proinsulin levels and provides new insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2011;60:2624-34.
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , pp. 2624-2634
    • Strawbridge, R.J.1    Dupuis, J.2    Prokopenko, I.3
  • 119
    • 75749086085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk
    • 20081858 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXntVCqsw%3D%3D 10.1038/ng.520
    • Dupuis J, Langenberg C, Prokopenko I, et al. New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk. Nat Genet. 2010;42:105-16.
    • (2010) Nat Genet , vol.42 , pp. 105-116
    • Dupuis, J.1    Langenberg, C.2    Prokopenko, I.3
  • 120
    • 84869214890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the renin angiotensin system gene polymorphisms on visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in hypertensive patients
    • Kawai T, Ohishi M, Onishi M et al. Influence of the renin angiotensin system gene polymorphisms on visit-to-visit blood pressure variability in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertension. 2012;12:1249-55.
    • (2012) Am J Hypertension. , vol.12 , pp. 1249-1255
    • Kawai, T.1    Ohishi, M.2    Onishi, M.3
  • 121
    • 84857001552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme DD genotype is associated with acute coronary syndrome severity and sudden cardiac death in Taiwan: A case-control emergency room study
    • 22333273 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC38XksFGktrk%3D 10.1186/1471-2261-12-6
    • Chen YH, Liu JM, Hsu RJ, et al. Angiotensin converting enzyme DD genotype is associated with acute coronary syndrome severity and sudden cardiac death in Taiwan: a case-control emergency room study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2012;12:6.
    • (2012) BMC Cardiovasc Disord , vol.12 , pp. 6
    • Chen, Y.H.1    Liu, J.M.2    Hsu, R.J.3
  • 122
    • 0025165779 scopus 로고
    • An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels
    • Rigat B, Hubert C, Alhenc-Gelas F, Cambien F, Corvol P, Soubrier F. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J Clin Invest. 1990;86:1343-6. (Pubitemid 20370444)
    • (1990) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.86 , Issue.4 , pp. 1343-1346
    • Rigat, B.1    Hubert, C.2    Alhenc-Gelas, F.3    Cambien, F.4    Corvol, P.5    Soubrier, F.6
  • 123
    • 0029083297 scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme in the human heart. Effect of the deletion/insertion polymorphism
    • 7664416 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXot1yitrw%3D 10.1161/01.CIR.92.6.1387
    • Danser AH, Schalekamp MA, Bax WA, et al. Angiotensin-converting enzyme in the human heart. Effect of the deletion/insertion polymorphism. Circulation. 1995;92:1387-8.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 1387-1388
    • Danser, A.H.1    Schalekamp, M.A.2    Bax, W.A.3
  • 124
    • 0030070807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Racial difference in the relationship of an angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism to serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity
    • Bloem LJ, Manatunga AK, Pratt JH. Racial difference in the relationship of an angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene polymorphism to serum angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity. Hypertension. 1996;27:62-6. (Pubitemid 26017682)
    • (1996) Hypertension , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-66
    • Bloem, L.J.1    Manatunga, A.K.2    Pratt, J.H.3
  • 125
    • 0031594194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of the angiotesin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hypertension in NIDDM
    • DOI 10.1007/s004390050707
    • Huang XH, Rantalaiho V, Wirta O, et al. Relationship of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism to glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hypertension in NIDDM. Hum Genet. 1998;102:372-8. (Pubitemid 28185230)
    • (1998) Human Genetics , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 372-378
    • Huang, X.-H.1    Rantalaiho, V.2    Wirta, O.3    Pasternack, A.4    Koivula, T.5    Hiltunen, T.6    Nikkari, T.7    Lehtimaki, T.8
  • 127
    • 0036595706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism associated with 1998 World
    • DOI 10.2337/diacare.25.6.1002
    • Lee YJ, Tsai JC. ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism associated with 1998 World Health Organization definition of metabolic syndrome in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1002-8. (Pubitemid 41110485)
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 1002-1008
    • Lee, Y.-J.1    Tsai, J.C.R.2
  • 128
    • 0029016217 scopus 로고
    • Relations between deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia
    • 7773733 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3pt1SntA%3D%3D 10.1161/01.ATV.15.6.779
    • Katsuya T, Horiuchi M, Chen YD, et al. Relations between deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1995;15:779-82.
    • (1995) Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol , vol.15 , pp. 779-782
    • Katsuya, T.1    Horiuchi, M.2    Chen, Y.D.3
  • 129
    • 0028786847 scopus 로고
    • The insertion allele of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism. A candidate gene for insulin resistance?
    • 8521557 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xlt1eitQ%3D%3D 10.1161/01.CIR.92.12.3390
    • Panahloo A, Andrès C, Mohamed-Ali V, et al. The insertion allele of the ACE gene I/D polymorphism. A candidate gene for insulin resistance? Circulation. 1995;92:3390-3.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 3390-3393
    • Panahloo, A.1    Andrès, C.2    Mohamed-Ali, V.3
  • 130
    • 77949267137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis
    • 19655271 10.1007/s11033-009-9648-6 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXisFShtQ%3D%3D
    • Zhou JB, Yang JK, Lu JK, An YH. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep. 2010;37:67-73.
    • (2010) Mol Biol Rep , vol.37 , pp. 67-73
    • Zhou, J.B.1    Yang, J.K.2    Lu, J.K.3    An, Y.H.4
  • 131
    • 77953640604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angiotensin converting enzyme D allele is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from a meta-analysis
    • 20160398 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtFahsrvP 10.1507/endocrj.K09E-360
    • Niu W, Qi Y, Gao P, Zhu D. Angiotensin converting enzyme D allele is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a meta-analysis. Endocr J. 2010;57:431-8.
    • (2010) Endocr J , vol.57 , pp. 431-438
    • Niu, W.1    Qi, Y.2    Gao, P.3    Zhu, D.4
  • 133
    • 42649138880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene modifies the risk of coronary artery disease associated with the presence of hypercholesterolemia
    • 18409009 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXkvFyltL4%3D 10.1007/s10654-008-9241-7
    • Niemiec P, Zak I, Wita K. The M235T polymorphism of the AGT gene modifies the risk of coronary artery disease associated with the presence of hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Epidemiol. 2008;23:349-54.
    • (2008) Eur J Epidemiol , vol.23 , pp. 349-354
    • Niemiec, P.1    Zak, I.2    Wita, K.3
  • 134
    • 73849141493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genotype-phenotype analysis of angiotensinogen polymorphisms and essential hypertension: The importance of haplotypes
    • 19770777 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFKgu73M 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328332031a
    • Watkins WS, Hunt SC, Williams GH, et al. Genotype-phenotype analysis of angiotensinogen polymorphisms and essential hypertension: the importance of haplotypes. J Hypertens. 2010;28:65-75.
    • (2010) J Hypertens , vol.28 , pp. 65-75
    • Watkins, W.S.1    Hunt, S.C.2    Williams, G.H.3
  • 135
    • 28344451684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic syndrome in aboriginal Canadians: Prevalence and genetic associations
    • DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.024, PII S0021915005002443
    • Pollex RL, Hanley AJ, Zinman B, Harris SB, Khan HM, Hegele RA. Metabolic syndrome in aboriginal Canadians: prevalence and genetic associations. Atherosclerosis. 2006;184:121-9. (Pubitemid 41721078)
    • (2006) Atherosclerosis , vol.184 , Issue.1 , pp. 121-129
    • Pollex, R.L.1    Hanley, A.J.G.2    Zinman, B.3    Harris, S.B.4    Khan, H.M.R.5    Hegele, R.A.6
  • 136
    • 79960564182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of the angiotensinogen gene with insulin sensitivity in humans: A tagging single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype approach
    • 21306748 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXptlCntbw%3D 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.12.009
    • Underwood PC, Sun B, Williams JS, et al. The association of the angiotensinogen gene with insulin sensitivity in humans: a tagging single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype approach. Metabolism. 2011;60:1150-7.
    • (2011) Metabolism , vol.60 , pp. 1150-1157
    • Underwood, P.C.1    Sun, B.2    Williams, J.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.