Regulation of T helper cell differentiation by interferon regulatory factor family members

Immunologic Research

Volumn 54, Issue 1-3, 2012, Pages 169-176

  Zhang, Ruihua ^a   Chen, Kang ^a   Peng, Liang ^a,b   Xiong, Huabao ^a  

^a MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

IFN ; IL 12; IL 17; IL 4; Interferon regulatory factor; T cell differentiation

Indexed keywords

INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 1; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 2; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 4; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 5;

HELPER CELL; HUMAN; LYMPHOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; TH1 CELL; TH17 CELL; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

ANIMALS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; HUMANS; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTORS; T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER;

EID: 84867881183     PISSN: 0257277X     EISSN: 15590755     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12026-012-8328-0     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. Kimura T, et al. Involvement of the IRF-1 transcription factor in antiviral responses to interferons. Science. 1994;264:1921-4.
2. Miyamoto M, et al. Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-beta gene regulatory elements. Cell. 1988;54:903-13.
3. Harada H, et al. Structurally similar but functionally distinct factors, IRF-1 and IRF-2, bind to the same regulatory elements of IFN and IFN-inducible genes. Cell. 1989;58:729-39.
4. Grant CE, Vasa MZ, Deeley RG. cIRF-3, a new member of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family that is rapidly and transiently induced by dsRNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995;23:2137-46.
5. Barnes BJ, Moore PA, Pitha PM. Virus-specific activation of a novel interferon regulatory factor, IRF-5, results in the induction of distinct interferon alpha genes. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:23382-90.
6. Driggers PH, et al. An interferon gamma-regulated protein that binds the interferon-inducible enhancer element of major histocompatibility complex class I genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1990;87:3743-7.
7. Tamura T, et al. The IRF family transcription factors in immunity and oncogenesis. Annu Rev Immunol. 2008;26:535-84.
8. Nehyba J, Hrdlickova R, Bose HR. Dynamic evolution of immune system regulators: the history of the interferon regulatory factor family. Mol Biol Evol. 2009;26:2539-50.
9. Lohoff M, Mak TW. Roles of interferon-regulatory factors in T-helper-cell differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2005;5:125-35.
10. Nehyba J, et al. A novel interferon regulatory factor (IRF), IRF-10, has a unique role in immune defense and is induced by the v-Rel oncoprotein. Mol Cell Biol. 2002;22:3942-57.
11. Russo JJ, et al. Nucleotide sequence of the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (HHV8). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:14862-7.
12. Cunningham C, et al. Transcription mapping of human herpesvirus 8 genes encoding viral interferon regulatory factors. J Gen Virol. 2003;84:1471-83.
13. Lubyova B, Pitha PM. Characterization of a novel human herpesvirus 8-encoded protein, vIRF-3, that shows homology to viral and cellular interferon regulatory factors. J Virol. 2000;74:8194-201.
14. Burysek L, et al. Functional analysis of human herpesvirus 8-encoded viral interferon regulatory factor 1 and its association with cellular interferon regulatory factors and p300. J Virol. 1999;73:7334-42.
15. Searles RP, et al. Sequence and genomic analysis of a rhesus macaque rhadinovirus with similarity to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8. J Virol. 1999;73:3040-53.
16. Neipel F, Albrecht JC, Fleckenstein B. Cell-homologous genes in the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated rhadinovirus human herpesvirus 8: determinants of its pathogenicity? J Virol. 1997;71:4187-92.
17. Alexander L, et al. The primary sequence of rhesus monkey rhadinovirus isolate 26-95: sequence similarities to Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and rhesus monkey rhadinovirus isolate 17577. J Virol. 2000;74:3388-98.
18. Escalante CR, et al. Structure of IRF-1 with bound DNA reveals determinants of interferon regulation. Nature. 1998;391:103-6.
19. Fujii Y, et al. Crystal structure of an IRF-DNA complex reveals novel DNA recognition and cooperative binding to a tandem repeat of core sequences. EMBO J. 1999;18:5028-41.
20. Salloum R, Niewold TB. Interferon regulatory factors in human lupus pathogenesis. Transl Res. 2011;157:326-31.
21. Taniguchi T, et al. IRF family of transcription factors as regulators of host defense. Annu Rev Immunol. 2001;19:623-55.
22. Holtschke T, et al. Immunodeficiency and chronic myelogenous leukemia-like syndrome in mice with a targeted mutation of the ICSBP gene. Cell. 1996;87:307-17.
23. Ingraham CR, et al. Abnormal skin, limb and craniofacial morphogenesis in mice deficient for interferon regulatory factor 6 (Irf6). Nat Genet. 2006;38:1335-40.
24. Kondo S, et al. Mutations in IRF6 cause Van der Woude and popliteal pterygium syndromes. Nat Genet. 2002;32:285-9.
25. Richardson RJ, et al. Irf6 is a key determinant of the keratinocyte proliferation-differentiation switch. Nat Genet. 2006;38:1329-34.
26. Matsuyama T, et al. Targeted disruption of IRF-1 or IRF-2 results in abnormal type I IFN gene induction and aberrant lymphocyte development. Cell. 1993;75:83-97.
27. Taki S, et al. Multistage regulation of Th1-type immune responses by the transcription factor IRF-1. Immunity. 1997;6:673-9.
28. Lohoff M, et al. Interferon regulatory factor-1 is required for a T helper 1 immune response in vivo. Immunity. 1997;6:681-9.
29. Salkowski CA, et al. IL-12 is dysregulated in macrophages from IRF-1 and IRF-2 knockout mice. J Immunol. 1999;163:1529-36.
30. Maruyama S, et al. Identification of IFN regulatory factor-1 binding site in IL-12 p40 gene promoter. J Immunol. 2003;170:997-1001.
31. Kano S, et al. The contribution of transcription factor IRF1 to the interferon-gamma-interleukin 12 signaling axis and TH1 versus TH-17 differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Nat Immunol. 2008;9:34-41.
32. Kamijo R, et al. Requirement for transcription factor IRF-1 in NO synthase induction in macrophages. Science. 1994;263:1612-5.
33. Niedbala W, et al. Nitric oxide preferentially induces type 1 T cell differentiation by selectively up-regulating IL-12 receptor beta 2 expression via cGMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:16186-91.
34. Fantuzzi G, et al. Role of interferon regulatory factor-1 in the regulation of IL-18 production and activity. Eur J Immunol. 2001;31:369-75.
35. Elser B, et al. IFN-gamma represses IL-4 expression via IRF-1 and IRF-2. Immunity. 2002;17:703-12.
36. Tada Y, et al. Reduced incidence and severity of antigen-induced autoimmune diseases in mice lacking interferon regulatory factor-1. J Exp Med. 1997;185:231-8.
37. Harada H, et al. Absence of the type I IFN system in EC cells: transcriptional activator (IRF-1) and repressor (IRF-2) genes are developmentally regulated. Cell. 1990;63:303-12.
38. Hida S, et al. CD8(+) T cell-mediated skin disease in mice lacking IRF-2, the transcriptional attenuator of interferon-alpha/beta signaling. Immunity. 2000;13:643-55.
39. Honda K, Mizutani T, Taniguchi T. Negative regulation of IFN-alpha/beta signaling by IFN regulatory factor 2 for homeostatic development of dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:2416-21.
40. Ichikawa E, et al. Defective development of splenic and epidermal CD4+ dendritic cells in mice deficient for IFN regulatory factor-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:3909-14.
41. Lohoff M, et al. Deficiency in the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-2 leads to severely compromised development of natural killer and T helper type 1 cells. J Exp Med. 2000;192:325-36.
42. Biswas PS, Bhagat G, Pernis AB. IRF4 and its regulators: evolving insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis? Immunol Rev. 2010;233:79-96.
43. Mittrucker HW, et al. Requirement for the transcription factor LSIRF/IRF4 for mature B and T lymphocyte function. Science. 1997;275:540-3.
44. Cao Y, et al. Interferon regulatory factor 4 regulates thymocyte differentiation by repressing Runx3 expression. Eur J Immunol. 2010;40:3198-209.
45. Lohoff M, et al. Dysregulated T helper cell differentiation in the absence of interferon regulatory factor 4. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2002;99:11808-12.
46. Chen Q, et al. IRF-4-binding protein inhibits interleukin-17 and interleukin-21 production by controlling the activity of IRF-4 transcription factor. Immunity. 2008;29:899-911.
47. Rengarajan J, et al. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) interacts with NFATc2 to modulate interleukin 4 gene expression. J Exp Med. 2002;195:1003-12.
48. Tominaga N, et al. Development of Th1 and not Th2 immune responses in mice lacking IFN-regulatory factor-4. Int Immunol. 2003;15:1-10.
49. Zhu J, et al. Growth factor independent-1 induced by IL-4 regulates Th2 cell proliferation. Immunity. 2002;16:733-44.
50. Shinnakasu R, et al. Gfi1-mediated stabilization of GATA3 protein is required for Th2 cell differentiation. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:28216-25.
51. Zheng Y, et al. Regulatory T-cell suppressor program co-opts transcription factor IRF4 to control T(H)2 responses. Nature. 2009;458:351-6.
52. Brustle A, et al. The development of inflammatory T(H)-17 cells requires interferon-regulatory factor 4. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:958-66.
53. Huber M, et al. IRF4 is essential for IL-21-mediated induction, amplification, and stabilization of the Th17 phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2008;105:20846-51.
54. Staudt V, et al. Interferon-regulatory factor 4 is essential for the developmental program of T helper 9 cells. Immunity. 2010;33:192-202.
55. Nowak EC, et al. IL-9 as a mediator of Th17-driven inflammatory disease. J Exp Med. 2009;206:1653-60.
56. Elyaman W, et al. IL-9 induces differentiation of TH17 cells and enhances function of FoxP3+ natural regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:12885-90.
57. Mudter J, et al. The transcription factor IFN regulatory factor-4 controls experimental colitis in mice via T cell-derived IL-6. J Clin Invest. 2008;118:2415-26.
58. Dardalhon V, et al. IL-4 inhibits TGF-beta-induced Foxp3+ T cells and, together with TGF-beta, generates IL-9+ IL-10+ Foxp3(-) effector T cells. Nat Immunol. 2008;9:1347-55.
59. Li MO, Wan YY, Flavell RA. T cell-produced transforming growth factor-beta1 controls T cell tolerance and regulates Th1- and Th17-cell differentiation. Immunity. 2007;26:579-91.
60. Elson CO, et al. Monoclonal anti-interleukin 23 reverses active colitis in a T cell-mediated model in mice. Gastroenterology. 2007;132:2359-70.
61. Honma K, et al. Interferon regulatory factor 4 negatively regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages in response to LPS. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:16001-6.
62. Klein U, Dalla-Favera R. Germinal centres: role in B-cell physiology and malignancy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8:22-33.
63. Takaoka A, et al. Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors. Nature. 2005;434:243-9.
64. Paun A, et al. Critical role of IRF-5 in the development of T helper 1 responses to Leishmania donovani infection. PLoS Pathog. 2011;7:e1001246.
65. Krausgruber T, et al. IRF5 promotes inflammatory macrophage polarization and TH1-TH17 responses. Nat Immunol. 2011;12:231-8.
66. Dideberg V, et al. An insertion-deletion polymorphism in the interferon regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) gene confers risk of inflammatory bowel diseases. Hum Mol Genet. 2007;16:3008-16.
67. Dieguez-Gonzalez R, et al. Association of interferon regulatory factor 5 haplotypes, similar to that found in systemic lupus erythematosus, in a large subgroup of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:1264-74.
68. Graham RR, et al. A common haplotype of interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) regulates splicing and expression and is associated with increased risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Genet. 2006;38:550-5.
69. Kristjansdottir G, et al. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) gene variants are associated with multiple sclerosis in three distinct populations. J Med Genet. 2008;45:362-9.
70. Miceli-Richard C, et al. The CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphism of the IRF5 promoter is a strong risk factor for primary Sjogren's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:1991-7.
71. Ito I, et al. Association of a functional polymorphism in the IRF5 region with systemic sclerosis in a Japanese population. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60:1845-50.
72. Wang H, Morse HC 3rd. IRF8 regulates myeloid and B lymphoid lineage diversification. Immunol Res. 2009;43:109-17.
73. Fehr T, et al. Crucial role of interferon consensus sequence binding protein, but neither of interferon regulatory factor 1 nor of nitric oxide synthesis for protection against murine listeriosis. J Exp Med. 1997;185:921-31.
74. Giese NA, et al. Interferon (IFN) consensus sequence-binding protein, a transcription factor of the IFN regulatory factor family, regulates immune responses in vivo through control of interleukin 12 expression. J Exp Med. 1997;186:1535-46.
75. Scharton-Kersten T, et al. Interferon consensus sequence binding protein-deficient mice display impaired resistance to intracellular infection due to a primary defect in interleukin 12 p40 induction. J Exp Med. 1997;186:1523-34.
76. Hein J, et al. Interferon consensus sequence binding protein confers resistance against Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect Immun. 2000;68:1408-17.
77. Wu CY, et al. Differential requirement of IFN consensus sequence binding protein for the production of IL-12 and induction of Th1-type cells in response to IFN-gamma. J Immunol. 1999;162:807-12.
78. Wang IM, et al. An IFN-gamma-inducible transcription factor, IFN consensus sequence binding protein (ICSBP), stimulates IL-12 p40 expression in macrophages. J Immunol. 2000;165:271-9.
79. Kim YM, et al. Roles of IFN consensus sequence binding protein and PU.1 in regulating IL-18 gene expression. J Immunol. 1999;163:2000-7.
80. Tamura T, et al. ICSBP directs bipotential myeloid progenitor cells to differentiate into mature macrophages. Immunity. 2000;13:155-65.
81. Tsujimura H, Tamura T, Ozato K. Cutting edge: IFN consensus sequence binding protein/IFN regulatory factor 8 drives the development of type I IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Immunol. 2003;170:1131-5.
82. Ouyang X, et al. Transcription factor IRF8 directs a silencing programme for TH17 cell differentiation. Nat Commun. 2011;2:314.
83. Bovolenta C, et al. Molecular interactions between interferon consensus sequence binding protein and members of the interferon regulatory factor family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994;91:5046-50.
84. O'Shea JJ, et al. Genomic views of STAT function in CD4+ T helper cell differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11:239-50.
85. Pine R, Canova A, Schindler C. Tyrosine phosphorylated p91 binds to a single element in the ISGF2/IRF-1 promoter to mediate induction by IFN alpha and IFN gamma, and is likely to autoregulate the p91 gene. EMBO J. 1994;13:158-67.
86. Galon J, et al. IL-12 induces IFN regulating factor-1 (IRF-1) gene expression in human NK and T cells. J Immunol. 1999;162:7256-62.
87. Jesse TL, et al. Interferon regulatory factor-2 is a transcriptional activator in muscle where It regulates expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. J Cell Biol. 1998;140:1265-76.
88. Childs KS, Goodbourn S. Identification of novel co-repressor molecules for Interferon Regulatory Factor-2. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003;31:3016-26.
89. Brass AL, et al. Pip, a lymphoid-restricted IRF, contains a regulatory domain that is important for autoinhibition and ternary complex formation with the Ets factor PU.1. Genes Dev. 1996;10:2335-47.
90. O'Shea JJ, Hunter CA, Germain RN. T cell heterogeneity: firmly fixed, predominantly plastic or merely malleable? Nat Immunol. 2008;9:450-3.
91. Lee HR, et al. Viral interferon regulatory factors. J Interf Cytokine Res. 2009;29:621-7.