Apoptotic and nonapoptotic caspase functions in animal development

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Volumn 4, Issue 10, 2012, Pages

  Miura, Masayuki ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CASPASE;

ANIMAL; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELL PROLIFERATION; DROSOPHILA; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; MORPHOGENESIS; PHYSIOLOGY; REGENERATION;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; CASPASES; CELL PROLIFERATION; DROSOPHILA; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT; MORPHOGENESIS; REGENERATION;

EID: 84865655542     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19430264     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008664     Document Type: Article

References (157)

1. Abbott MK, Lengyel JA. 1991. Embryonic head involution and rotation of male terminalia require the Drosophila locus head involution defective. Genetics 129: 783-789.
2. Adachi M, Suematsu S, Kondo T, Ogasawara J, Tanaka T, Yoshida N, Nagata S. 1995. Targeted mutation in the Fas gene causes hyperplasia in peripheral lymphoid organs and liver. Nat Genet 11: 294-300.
3. Adachi-Yamada T, Fujimura-Kamada K, Nishida Y, Matsumot K. 1999. Distortion of proximodistal information causes JNK-dependent apoptosis in Drosophila wing. Nature 400: 166-169.
4. Agrawal N, Kango M, Mishra A, Sinha P. 1995. Neoplastic transformation and aberrant cell-cell interactions in genetic mosaics of lethal(2)giant larvae (lgl), a tumor suppressor gene of Drosophila. Dev Biol 172: 218-229.
5. Akhter A, Gavrilin MA, Frantz L, Washington S, Ditty C, Limoli D, Day C, Sarkar A, Newland C, Butchar J, et al. 2009. Caspase-7 activation by the Nlrc4/Ipaf inflammasome restricts Legionella pneumophila infection. PLoS Pathog 5: e1000361.
6. Akimenko MA, Mari-Beffa M, Becerra J, Geraudie J. 2003. Old questions, new tools, and some answers to the mystery of fin regeneration. Dev Dyn 226: 190-201.
7. Al-Mashat HA, Kandru S, Liu R, Behl Y, Desta T, Graves DT. 2006. Diabetes enhances mRNA levels of proapoptotic genes and caspase activity, which contribute to impaired healing. Diabetes 55: 487-495.
8. Araki T, Sasaki Y, Milbrandt J. 2004. Increased nuclear NAD biosynthesis and SIRT1 activation prevent axonal degeneration. Science 305: 1010-1013.
9. Arama E, Agapite J, Steller H. 2003. Caspase activity and a specific cytochrome C are required for sperm differentiation in Drosophila. Dev Cell 4: 687-697.
10. Arama E, Bader M, Srivastava M, Bergmann A, Steller H. 2006. The two Drosophila cytochrome C proteins can function in both respiration and caspase activation. EMBO J 25: 232-243.
11. Arama E, Bader M, Rieckhof GE, Steller H. 2007. A ubiquitin ligase complex regulates caspase activation during sperm differentiation in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 5: e251.
12. 2+-independent phospholipase A2 but not cytosolic phospholipase A2, which undergoes proteolytic inactivation. J Biol Chem 273: 13870-13877.
13. Awasaki T, Tatsumi R, Takahashi K, Arai K, Nakanishi Y, Ueda R, Ito K. 2006. Essential role of the apoptotic cell engulfment genes draper and ced-6 in programmed axon pruning during Drosophila metamorphosis. Neuron 50: 855-867.
14. Baehrecke EH. 2000. Steroid regulation of programmed cell death during Drosophila development. Cell Death Differ 7: 1057-1062.
15. Baker NE. 2011. Cell competition. Curr Biol 21: R11-15.
16. Benitez S, Sosa C, Tomasini N, Macias A. 2010. Both JNK and apoptosis pathways regulate growth and terminalia rotation during Drosophila genital disc development. Int J Dev Biol 54: 643-653.
17. Bergantinos C, Corominas M, Serras F. 2010. Cell deathinduced regeneration in wing imaginal discs require JNK signalling. Development 137: 1169-1179.
18. Berry DL, Baehrecke EH. 2007. Growth arrest and autophagy are required for salivary gland cell degradation in Drosophila. Cell 131: 1137-1148.
19. Boldin MP, Goncharov TM, Goltsev YV, Wallach D. 1996. Involvement ofMACH, a novelMORT1/FADD-interacting protease, in Fas/APO-1-and TNF receptor-induced cell death. Cell 85: 803-815.
20. Brumby AM, Richardson HE. 2003. Scribble mutants cooperate with oncogenic Ras or Notch to cause neoplastic overgrowth in Drosophila. EMBO J 22: 5769-5779.
21. Buss RR, Sun W, Oppenheim RW. 2006. Adaptive roles of programmed cell death during nervous system development. Annu Rev Neurosci 29: 1-35.
22. Campbell DS, Holt CE. 2003. Apoptotic pathway and MAPKs differentially regulate chemotropic responses of retinal growth cones. Neuron 37: 939-952.
23. Cande C, Cecconi F, Dessen P, Kroemer G. 2002. Apoptosisinducing factor (AIF): Key to the conserved caspase-independent pathways of cell death? J Cell Sci 115(Pt 24): 4727-4734.
24. Cecconi F, Alvarez-Bolado G, Meyer BI, Roth KA, Gruss P. 1998. Apaf1 (CED-4 homolog) regulates programmed cell death in mammalian development. Cell 94: 727-737.
25. Chautan M, Chazal G, Cecconi F, Gruss P, Golstein P. 1999. Interdigital cell death can occur through a necrotic and caspase-independent pathway. Curr Biol 9: 967-970.
26. Chera S, Ghila L, Dobretz K, Wenger Y, Bauer C, BuzgariuW, Martinou JC, Galliot B. 2009. Apoptotic cells provide an unexpected source of Wnt3 signaling to drive hydra head regeneration. Dev Cell 17: 279-289.
27. Chew SK, Akdemir F, Chen P, Lu WJ, Mills K, Daish T, Kumar S, Rodriguez A, Abrams JM. 2004. The apical caspase dronc governs programmed and unprogrammed cell death in Drosophila. Dev Cell 7: 897-907.
28. Cho YS, Challa S, Moquin D, Genga R, Ray TD, Guildfor M, Chan FK. 2009. Phosphorylation-driven assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 complex regulates programmed necrosis and virus-induced inflammation. Cell 137: 1112-1123.
29. Christofferson DE, Yuan J. 2010. Necroptosis as an alternative form of programmed cell death. Curr Opin Cell Biol 22: 263-268.
30. Cretney E, Takeda K, Yagita H, Glaccum M, Peschon JJ, Smyth MJ. 2002. Increased susceptibility to tumor initiation and metastasis in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-deficient mice. J Immunol 168: 1356-1361.
31. Daish TJ, Mills K, Kumar S. 2004. Drosophila caspase DRONC is required for specific developmental cell death pathways and stress-induced apoptosis. Dev Cell 7: 909-915.
32. Degterev A, Huang Z, Boyce M, Li Y, Jagtap P, Mizushima N, Cuny GD, Mitchison TJ, Moskowitz MA, Yuan J. 2005. Chemical inhibitor of nonapoptotic cell death with therapeutic potential for ischemic brain injury. Nat Chem Biol 1: 112-119.
33. de la Cova C, Abril M, Bellosta P, Gallant P, Johnston LA. 2004. Drosophila myc regulates organ size by inducing cell competition. Cell 117: 107-116.
34. Denton D, Shravage B, Simin R, Mills K, Berry DL, Baehrecke EH, Kumar S. 2009. Autophagy, not apoptosis, is essential for midgut cell death in Drosophila. Curr Biol 19: 1741-1746.
35. Ellis HM, Horvitz HR. 1986. Genetic control of programmed cell death in the nematode C. elegans. Cell 44: 817-829.
36. Fan Y, Bergmann A. 2008. Distinct mechanisms of apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation in proliferating and differentiating tissues in the Drosophila eye. Dev Cell 14: 399-410.
37. Fan Y, Bergmann A. 2009. The cleaved-Caspase-3 antibody is a marker of Caspase-9-like DRONC activity in Drosophila. Cell Death Differ 17: 534-539.
38. Feher I, Gidali J. 1974. Prostaglandin E2 as stimulator of haemopoietic stem cell proliferation. Nature 247: 550-551.
39. Feng S, Yang Y, Mei Y, Ma L, Zhu DE, Hoti N, Castanares M, Wu M. 2007. Cleavage of RIP3 inactivates its caspaseindependent apoptosis pathway by removal of kinase domain. Cell Signal 19: 2056-2067.
40. Fernando P, Brunette S, Megeney LA. 2005. Neural stem cell differentiation is dependent upon endogenous caspase 3 activity. FASEB J 19: 1671-1673.
41. Fraser AG, Evan GI. 1997. Identification of a Drosophila melanogaster ICE/CED-3-related protease, drICE. EMBO J 16: 2805-2813.
42. Goessling W, North TE, Loewer S, Lord AM, Lee S, Stoick-Cooper CL, Weidinger G, Puder M, Daley GQ, Moon RT, et al. 2009. Genetic interaction of PGE2 and Wnt signaling regulates developmental specification of stem cells and regeneration. Cell 136: 1136-1147.
43. Gyrd-Hansen M, Meier P. 2010. IAPs: From caspase inhibitors to modulators of NF-kB, inflammation and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 10: 561-574.
44. Hadorn E, Buck D. 1962. Uber entwicklungsleistungen transplantierter teilstucke von flugel-imaginalscheiben von Drosophila melanogaster. Rev Suisse Zool 69: 302-327.
45. Hadorn E, Hurlimann R, Mindek G, Schubiger G, Staub M. 1968. Developmental capacity of embryonalblastema in Drosophila following cultivation in adult host. Rev Suisse Zool 75: 557-569.
46. Haigo SL, Bilder D. 2011. Global tissue revolutions in a morphogenetic movement controlling elongation. Science 331: 1071-1074.
47. Hakem R, Hakem A, Duncan GS, Henderson JT, Woo M, Soengas MS, Elia A, de la Pompa JL, Kagi D, Khoo W, et al. 1998. Differential requirement for caspase 9 in apoptotic pathways in vivo. Cell 94: 339-352.
48. Huh JR, Guo M, Hay BA. 2004a. Compensatory proliferation induced by cell death in the Drosophila wing disc requires activity of the apical cell death caspase Dronc in a nonapoptotic role. Curr Biol 14: 1262-1266.
49. Huh JR, Vernooy SY, Yu H, Yan N, Shi Y, Guo M, Hay BA. 2004b. Multiple apoptotic caspase cascades are required in nonapoptotic roles for Drosophila spermatid individualization. PLoS Biol 2: E15.
50. Hutson MS, Tokutake Y, Chang MS, Bloor JW, Venakides S, Kiehart DP, Edwards GS. 2003. Forces for morphogenesis investigated with laser microsurgery and quantitative modeling. Science 300: 145-149.
51. Hwang JS, Kobayashi C, Agata K, Ikeo K, Gojobori T. 2004. Detection of apoptosis during planarian regeneration by the expression of apoptosis-related genes and TUNEL assay. Gene 333: 15-25.
52. Igaki T, Pagliarini RA, Xu T. 2006. Loss of cell polarity drives tumor growth and invasion through JNK activation in Drosophila. Curr Biol 16: 1139-1146.
53. Igaki T, Pastor-Pareja JC, Aonuma H, Miura M, Xu T. 2009. Intrinsic tumor suppression and epithelial maintenance by endocytic activation of Eiger/TNF signaling in Drosophila. Dev Cell 16: 458-465.
54. Johnson SL, Weston JA. 1995. Temperature-sensitive mutations that cause stage-specific defects in Zebrafish fin regeneration. Genetics 141: 1583-1595.
55. Johnston LA. 2009. Competitive interactions between cells: Death, growth, and geography. Science 324: 1679-1682.
56. Kaiser WJ, Upton JW, Long AB, Livingston-RosanoffD, Daley-Bauer LP, Hakem R, Caspary T, Mocarski ES. 2011. RIP3 mediates the embryonic lethality of caspase-8-deficient mice. Nature 471: 368-372.
57. Kanda H, Igaki T, Okano H, Miura M. 2011. Conserved metabolic energy production pathways govern Eiger/ TNF-induced nonapoptotic cell death. Proc Natl Aca Sci 108: 18977-18982.
58. Kang TB, Ben-Moshe T, Varfolomeev EE, Pewzner-Jung Y, Yogev N, Jurewicz A, Waisman A, Brenner O, Haffner R, Gustafsson E, et al. 2004. Caspase-8 serves both apoptotic and nonapoptotic roles. J Immunol 173: 2976-2984.
59. Kanuka H, Kuranaga E, Takemoto K, Hiratou T, Okano H, Miura M. 2005. Drosophila caspase transduces Shaggy/ GSK-3b kinase activity in neural precursor development. EMBO J 24: 3793-3806.
60. Kaplan Y, Gibbs-Bar L, Kalifa Y, Feinstein-Rotkopf Y, Arama E. 2010. Gradients of a ubiquitin E3 ligase inhibitor and a caspase inhibitor determine differentiation or death in spermatids. Dev Cell 19: 160-173.
61. Kawai T, Akira S. 2006. Innate immune recognition of viral infection. Nat Immunol 7: 131-137.
62. Keller LC, Cheng L, Locke CJ, Muller M, Fetter RD, Davis GW. 2011. Glial-derived prodegenerative signaling in the Drosophila neuromuscular system. Neuron 72: 760-775.
63. Kondo S, Senoo-Matsuda N, Hiromi Y, Miura M. 2006. DRONC coordinates cell death and compensatory proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 26: 7258-7268.
64. Koto A, Kuranaga E, Miura M. 2009. Temporal regulation of Drosophila IAP1 determines caspase functions in sensory organ development. J Cell Biol 187: 219-231.
65. Koto A, Kuranaga E, Miura M. 2011. Apoptosis ensures spacing pattern formation of Drosophila sensory organs. Curr Biol 21: 278-287.
66. Kuhrer I, Kuzmits R, Linkesch W, Ludwig H. 1986. Topical PGE2 enhances healing of chemotherapy-associated mucosal lesions. Lancet 1: 623.
67. Kuida K, Zheng TS, Na S, Kuan C, Yang D, Karasuyama H, Rakic P, Flavell RA. 1996. Decreased apoptosis in the brain and premature lethality in CPP32-deficient mice. Nature 384: 368-372.
68. Kuida K, Haydar TF, Kuan CY, Gu Y, Taya C, Karasuyama H, Su MS, Rakic P, Flavell RA. 1998. Reduced apoptosis and cytochrome c-mediated caspase activation in mice lacking caspase 9. Cell 94: 325-337.
69. Kumar S, Doumanis J. 2000. The fly caspases. Cell Deat Differ 7: 1039-1044.
70. Kuo CT, Zhu S, Younger S, Jan LY, Jan YN. 2006. Identification of E2/E3 ubiquitinating enzymes and caspase activity regulating Drosophila sensory neuron dendrite pruning. Neuron 51: 283-290.
71. Kuranaga E, Miura M. 2007. Nonapoptotic functions of caspases: caspases as regulatory molecules for immunity and cell-fate determination. Trends Cell Biol 17: 135-144.
72. Kuranaga E, Kanuka H, Tonoki A, Takemoto K, Tomioka T, Kobayashi M, Hayashi S, Miura M. 2006. Drosophila IKKrelated kinase regulates nonapoptotic function of caspases via degradation of IAPs. Cell 126: 583-596.
73. Kuranaga E, Matsunuma T, Kanuka H, Takemoto K, Koto A, Kimura K, Miura M. 2011. Apoptosis controls the speed of looping morphogenesis in Drosophila male terminalia. Development 138: 1493-1499.
74. Lakhani SA, Masud A, Kuida K, Porter GA Jr, Booth CJ, Mehal WZ, Inayat I, Flavell RA. 2006. Caspases 3 and 7: Key mediators of mitochondrial events of apoptosis. Science 311: 847-851.
75. Lamkanfi M, Kanneganti TD, Van Damme P, Vanden Berghe T, Vanoverberghe I, Vandekerckhove J, Vandenabeel P, Gevaert K, Nunez G. 2008. Targeted peptidecentric proteomics reveals caspase-7 as a substrate of the caspase-1 inflammasomes. Mol Cell Proteomics 7: 2350-2363.
76. Lee HH, Jan LY, Jan YN. 2009a. Drosophila IKK-related kinase Ik2 and Katanin p60-like 1 regulate dendrite pruning of sensory neuron during metamorphosis. Proc Nat Acad Sci 106: 6363-6368.
77. Lee P, Lee DJ, Chan C, Chen SW, Ch'en I, Jamora C. 2009b. Dynamic expression of epidermal caspase 8 simulates a wound healing response. Nature 458: 519-523.
78. Leonard JR, Klocke BJ, D'Sa C, Flavell RA, Roth KA. 2002. Strain-dependent neurodevelopmental abnormalities in caspase-3-deficient mice. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 61: 673-677.
79. Leulier F, Ribeiro PS, Palmer E, Tenev T, Takahashi K, Robertson D, Zachariou A, Pichaud F, Ueda R, Meier P. 2006. Systematic in vivo RNAi analysis of putative components of the Drosophila cell death machinery. Cel Death Differ 13: 1663-1674.
80. Li W, Baker NE. 2007. Engulfment is required for cell competition. Cell 129: 1215-1225.
81. Li C, Lasse S, Lee P, Nakasaki M, Chen SW, Yamasaki K, Gallo RL, Jamora C. 2010a. Development of atopic dermatitis-like skin disease from the chronic loss of epidermal caspase-8. Proc Natl Acad Sci 107: 22249-22254.
82. Li F, He Z, Shen J, Huang Q, LiW, Liu X, He Y, Wolf F, Li CY. 2010b. Apoptotic caspases regulate induction of iPSCs from human fibroblasts. Cell Stem Cell 7: 508-520.
83. Li F, Huang Q, Chen J, Peng Y, Roop DR, Bedford JS, Li CY. 2010c. Apoptotic cells activate the "phoenix rising" pathway to promote wound healing and tissue regeneration. Sci Signal 3: ra13.
84. Lindsten T, Thompson CB. 2006. Cell death in the absence o Bax and Bak. Cell Death Differ 13: 1272-1276.
85. Lindsten T, Ross AJ, King A, Zong WX, Rathmell JC, Shiels HA, Ulrich E, Waymire KG, Mahar P, Frauwirth K, et al. 2000. The combined functions of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members bak and bax are essential for normal development of multiple tissues. Mol Cell 6: 1389-1399.
86. Liou JY, Ellent DP, Lee S, Goldsby J, Ko BS, Matijevic N, Huang JC, Wu KK. 2007. Cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin e2 protects mouse embryonic stem cells from apoptosis. Stem Cells 25: 1096-1103.
87. +T cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine production in DR6-deficient mice. Immunity 15: 23-34.
88. Lohmann I, McGinnis N, Bodmer M, McGinnis W. 2002. The Drosophila Hox gene deformed sculpts head morphology via direct regulation of the apoptosis activator reaper. Cell 110: 457-466.
89. Macias A, Romero NM, Martin F, Suarez L, Rosa AL, Morata G. 2004. PVF1/PVR signaling and apoptosis promotes the rotation and dorsal closure of the Drosophila male terminalia. Int J Dev Biol 48: 1087-1094.
90. Madhavan MM, Madhavan K. 1980. Morphogenesis of the epidermis of adult abdomen of Drosophila. J Embryol Exp Morphol 60: 1-31.
91. Manjon C, Sanchez-Herrero E, Suzanne M. 2007. Sharp boundaries of Dpp signalling trigger local cell death required for Drosophila leg morphogenesis. Nat Cell Biol 9: 57-63.
92. Martin FA., Herrera SC., Morata G. 2009. Cell competition, growth and size control in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Development 136: 3747-3756.
93. Meier P, Silke J, Leevers SJ, Evan GI. 2000. The Drosophila caspase DRONC is regulated by DIAP1. EMBO J 19: 598-611.
94. Mesquita D, Dekanty A, Milan M. 2010. A dp53-dependent mechanism involved in coordinating tissue growth in Drosophila. PLoS Biol 8 1000566.
95. Milan M, Campuzano S, Garcia-Bellido A. 1997. Developmental parameters of cell death in the wing disc of Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci 94: 5691-5696.
96. Miura M. 2011. Active participation of cell death in development and organismal homeostasis. Dev Growth Differ 53: 125-136.
97. Morata G, Ripoll P. 1975. Minutes: Mutants of Drosophila autonomously affecting cell division rate. Dev Biol 42: 211-221.
98. Moreno E, Basler K. 2004. dMyc transforms cells into supercompetitors. Cell 117: 117-129.
99. Moreno E, Basler K, Morata G. 2002. Cells compete for decapentaplegic survival factor to prevent apoptosis in Drosophila wing development. Nature 416: 755-759.
100. Muro I, Berry DL, Huh JR, Chen CH, Huang H, Yoo SJ, Guo M, Baehrecke EH, Hay BA. 2006. The Drosophila caspase Ice is important for many apoptotic cell deaths and for spermatid individualization, a nonapoptotic process. Development 133: 3305-3315.
101. Muzio M, Chinnaiyan AM, Kischkel FC, O'Rourke K, Shevchenko A, Ni J, Scaffidi C, Bretz JD, Zhang M, Gentz R, et al. 1996. FLICE, a novel FADD-homologous ICE/CED-3-like protease, is recruited to the CD95 (Fas/ APO-1) death-inducing signaling complex. Cell 85: 817-827.
102. Nagasaka A, Kawane K, Yoshida H, Nagata S. 2010. Apaf-1-independent programmed cell death in mouse development. Cell Death Differ 17: 931-941.
103. Nakajima Y, Kuranaga E, Sugimura K, Miyawaki A, Miura M. 2011. Nonautonomous apoptosis is triggered by local cell cycle progression during epithelial replacement in Drosophila. Mol Cell Biol 31: 2499-2512.
104. Nikolaev A, McLaughlin T, O'Leary DD, Tessier-Lavigne M. 2009. APP binds DR6 to trigger axon pruning and neuron death via distinct caspases. Nature 457: 981-989.
105. Ninov N, Chiarelli DA, Martin-Blanco E. 2007. Extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms directing epithelial cell sheet replacement during Drosophila metamorphosis. Development 134: 367-379.
106. Ninov N, Menezes-Cabral S, Prat-Rojo C, Manjon C, Weiss A, Pyrowolakis G, Affolter M, Martin-Blanco E. 2010. Dpp signaling directs cell motility and invasiveness during epithelial morphogenesis. Curr Biol 20: 513-520.
107. North TE, Goessling W, Walkley CR, Lengerke C, Kopani KR, Lord AM, Weber GJ, Bowman TV, Jang IH, Grosser T, et al. 2007. Prostaglandin E2 regulates vertebrate haematopoietic stem cell homeostasis. Nature 447: 1007-1011.
108. Oberst A, Dillon CP, Weinlich R, McCormick LL, Fitzgerald P, Pop C, Hakem R, Salvesen GS, Green DR. 2011. Catalytic activity of the caspase-8-FLIP(L) complex inhibits RIPK3-dependent necrosis. Nature 471: 363-367.
109. Ohsawa S, Hamada S, Asou H, Kuida K, Uchiyama Y, Yoshida H, Miura M. 2009. Caspase-9 activation revealed by semaphorin 7A cleavage is independent of apoptosis in the aged olfactory bulb. J Neurosci 29: 11385-11392.
110. Ohsawa S, Hamada S, Kuida K, Yoshida H, Igaki T, Miura M. 2010. Maturation of the olfactory sensory neurons by Apaf-1/caspase-9-mediated caspase activity. Proc Nat Acad Sci 107: 13366-13371.
111. Ohsawa S, Sugimura K, Takino K, Xu T, Miyawaki A, Igaki T. 2011. Elimination of oncogenic neighbors by JNK-mediated engulfment in Drosophila. Dev Cell 20: 315-328.
112. Paralkar VM, Borovecki F, Ke HZ, Cameron KO, Lefker B, GrasserWA, Owen TA, Li M, DaSilva-Jardine P, Zhou M, et al. 2003. An EP2 receptor-selective prostaglandin E2 agonist induces bone healing. Proc Natl Acad Sci 100: 6736-6740.
113. Pellettieri J, Fitzgerald P, Watanabe S, Mancuso J, Green DR, Sanchez Alvarado A. 2010. Cell death and tissue remodeling in planarian regeneration. Dev Biol 338: 76-85.
114. Perez-Garijo A, Martin FA, Morata G. 2004. Caspase inhibition during apoptosis causes abnormal signalling and developmental aberrations in Drosophila. Development 131: 5591-5598.
115. Perez-Garijo A, Martin FA, Struhl G, Morata G. 2005. Dpp signaling and the induction of neoplastic tumors by caspase-inhibited apoptotic cells in Drosophila. Proc Nat Acad Sci 102: 17664-17669.
116. Pfeffer K, Matsuyama T, Kundig TM, Wakeham A, Kishihara K, Shahinian A, Wiegmann K, Ohashi PS, Kronke M, Mak TW. 1993. Mice deficient for the 55 kd tumor necrosis factor receptor are resistant to endotoxic shock, yet succumb to L. monocytogenes infection. Cell 73: 457-467.
117. Poss KD. 2007. Getting to the heart of regeneration in zebrafish. Semin Cell Dev Biol 18: 36-45.
118. Rebe C, Cathelin S, Launay S, Filomenko R, Prevotat L, L'Ollivier C, Gyan E, Micheau O, Grant S, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, et al. 2007. Caspase-8 prevents sustained activation of NF-kB in monocytes undergoing macrophagic differentiation. Blood 109: 1442-1450.
119. Ren D, Tu HC, Kim H, Wang GX, Bean GR, Takeuchi O, Jeffers JR, Zambetti GP, Hsieh JJ, Cheng EH. 2010. BID, BIM, and PUMA are essential for activation of the BAX-and BAK-dependent cell death program. Science 330: 1390-1393.
120. Ribeiro PS, Kuranaga E, Tenev T, Leulier F, Miura M, Meier P. 2007. DIAP2 functions as a mechanism-based regulator of drICE that contributes to the caspase activity threshold in living cells. J Cell Biol 179: 1467-1480.
121. Rohn TT, Cusack SM, Kessinger SR, Oxford JT. 2004. Caspase activation independent of cell death is required for proper cell dispersal and correct morphology in PC12 cells. Exp Cell Res 295: 215-225.
122. Rothe J, Lesslauer W, Lotscher H, Lang Y, Koebel P, Kontgen F, Althage A, Zinkernagel R, Steinmetz M, Bluethmann H. 1993. Mice lacking the tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 are resistant to TNF-mediated toxicity but highly susceptible to infection by Listeria monocytogenes. Nature 364: 798-802.
123. Ryoo HD, Gorenc T, Steller H. 2004. Apoptotic cells can induce compensatory cell proliferation through the JNK and the Wingless signaling pathways. Dev Cell 7: 491-501.
124. Sakamaki K, Inoue T, Asano M, Sudo K, Kazama H, Sakagami J, Sakata S, Ozaki M, Nakamura S, Toyokuni S, et al. 2002. Ex vivo whole-embryo culture of caspase-8-deficient embryos normalize their aberrant phenotypes in the developing neural tube and heart. Cell Death Differ 9: 1196-1206.
125. Sandu C, Ryoo HD, Steller H. 2010. Drosophila IAP antagonists form multimeric complexes to promote cell death. J Cell Biol 190: 1039-1052.
126. +-sensitive pathway in insects and mammals. J Neurosci 30: 6375-6386.
127. Simpson P. 1979. Parameters of cell competition in the compartments of the wing disc of Drosophila. Dev Biol 69: 182-193.
128. Simpson P, Morata G. 1981. Differential mitotic rates and patterns of growth in compartments in the Drosophila wing. Dev Biol 85: 299-308.
129. Smith-Bolton RK, Worley MI, Kanda H, Hariharan IK. 2009. Regenerative growth in Drosophila imaginal discs is regulated byWingless and Myc. Dev Cell 16: 797-809.
130. Sordet O, Rebe C, Plenchette S, Zermati Y, Hermine O, Vainchenker W, Garrido C, Solary E, Dubrez-Daloz L. 2002. Specific involvement of caspases in the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. Blood 100: 4446-4453.
131. Strasser A, Puthalakath H, O'Reilly LA, Bouillet P. 2008. What do we know about the mechanisms of elimination of autoreactive Tand B cells and what challenges remain. Immunol Cell Biol 86: 57-66.
132. Suzanne M, Petzoldt AG, Speder P, Coutelis JB, Steller H, Noselli S. 2010. Coupling of apoptosis and L/R patterning controls stepwise organ looping. Curr Biol 20: 1773-1778.
133. Takemoto K, Kuranaga E, Tonoki A, Nagai T, Miyawaki A, Miura M. 2007. Local initiation of caspase activation in Drosophila salivary gland programmed cell death in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104: 13367-13372.
134. Teixeira VH, Jacq L, Lasbleiz S, Hilliquin P, Oliveira CR, Cornelis F, Petit-Teixeira E. 2008. Genetic and expression analysis of CASP7 gene in a European Caucasian population with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 35: 1912-1918.
135. Toyama Y, Peralta XG, Wells AR, Kiehart DP, Edwards GS. 2008. Apoptotic force and tissue dynamics during Drosophila embryogenesis. Science 321: 1683-1686.
136. Tseng AS, Adams DS, Qiu D, Koustubhan P, Levin M. 2007. Apoptosis is required during early stages of tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis. Dev Biol 301: 62-69.
137. Varfolomeev EE, Schuchmann M, Luria V, Chiannilkulchai N, Beckmann JS, Mett IL, Rebrikov D, Brodianski VM, Kemper OC, Kollet O, et al. 1998. Targeted disruption of the mouse Caspase 8 gene ablates cell death induction by the TNF receptors, Fas/Apo1, and DR3 and is lethal prenatally. Immunity 9: 267-276.
138. Vlaskalin T, Wong CJ, Tsilfidis C. 2004. Growth and apoptosis during larval forelimb development and adult forelimb regeneration in the newt (Notophthalmus viridescens). Dev Genes Evol 214: 423-431.
139. Waldhuber M, Emoto K, Petritsch C. 2005. The Drosophila caspase DRONC is required for metamorphosis and cell death in response to irradiation and developmental signals. Mech Dev 122: 914-927.
140. Walsh JG, Cullen SP, Sheridan C, Luthi AU, Gerner C, Martin SJ. 2008. Executioner caspase-3 and caspase-7 are functionally distinct proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105: 12815-12819.
141. Wang EC, Thern A, Denzel A, Kitson J, Farrow SN, Owen MJ. 2001. DR3 regulates negative selection during thymocyte development. Mol Cell Biol 21: 3451-3461.
142. Wells BS, Yoshida E, Johnston LA. 2006. Compensatory proliferation in Drosophila imaginal discs require Dronc-dependent p53 activity. Curr Biol 16: 1606-1615.
143. White K, Grether ME, Abrams JM, Young L, Farrell K, Steller H. 1994. Genetic control of programmed cell death in Drosophila. Science 264: 677-683.
144. Williams DW, Kondo S, Krzyzanowska A, Hiromi Y, Truman JW. 2006. Local caspase activity directs engulfment of dendrites during pruning. Nat Neurosci 9: 1234-1236.
145. Woods DF, Bryant PJ. 1991. The discs-large tumor suppressor gene of Drosophila encodes a guanylate kinase homolog localized at septate junctions. Cell 66: 451-464.
146. Xu D, Li Y, Arcaro M, Lackey M, Bergmann A. 2005. The CARD-carrying caspase Dronc is essential for most, but not all, developmental cell death in Drosophila. Development 132: 2125-2134.
147. Xu D, Wang Y, Willecke R, Chen Z, Ding T, Bergmann A. 2006. The effector caspases drICE and dcp-1 have partially overlapping functions in the apoptotic pathway in Drosophila. Cell Death Differ 13: 1697-1706.
148. XuD, Woodfield SE, Lee TV, Fan Y, Antonio C, Bergmann A. 2009. Genetic control of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in Drosophila. Fly (Austin) 3: 78-90.
149. Yamaguchi Y, Shinotsuka N, Nonomura K, Takemoto K, Kuida K, Yosida H, Miura M. 2011. Live imaging of apoptosis in a novel transgenic mouse highlights its role in neural tube closure. J Cell Biol 195: 1047-1060.
150. Yeh WC, Pompa JL, McCurrach ME, Shu HB, Elia AJ, Shahinian A, Ng M, Wakeham A, Khoo W, Mitchell K, et al. 1998. FADD: Essential for embryo development and signaling from some, but not all, inducers of apoptosis. Science 279: 1954-1958.
151. Yeh WC, Itie A, Elia AJ, Ng M, Shu HB, Wakeham A, Mirtsos C, Suzuki N, Bonnard M, Goeddel DV, et al. 2000. Requirement for Casper (c-FLIP) in regulation of death receptor-induced apoptosis and embryonic development. Immunity 12: 633-642.
152. Yi CH, Yuan J. 2009. The Jekyll and Hyde functions of caspases. Dev Cell 16: 21-34.
153. Yoshida H, Kong YY, Yoshida R, Elia AJ, Hakem A, Hakem R, Penninger JM, Mak TW. 1998. Apaf1 is required for mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis and brain development. Cell 94: 739-750.
154. Zhang J, Cado D, Chen A, Kabra NH, Winoto A. 1998. Fasmediated apoptosis and activation-induced T-cell proliferation are defective in mice lacking FADD/Mort1. Nature 392: 296-300.
155. Zhang H, Zhou X, McQuade T, Li J, Chan FK, Zhang J. 2011. Functional complementation between FADD and RIP1 in embryos and lymphocytes. Nature 471: 373-376.
156. Zhao X, Wang D, Zhao Z, Xiao Y, Sengupta S, Zhang R, Lauber K, Wesselborg S, Feng L, Rose TM, et al. 2006. Caspase-3-dependent activation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 enhances cell migration in non-apoptotic ovarian cancer cells. J Biol Chem 281: 29357-29368.
157. Zinzalla V, Stracka D, Oppliger W, Hall MN. 2011. Activation of mTORC2 by association with the ribosome. Cell 144: 757-768.