메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1053-1079

Novel pharmacological modulators of autophagy and therapeutic prospects

Author keywords

AMPK; Autophagosome; Autophagy; Autophagy enhancer; Autophagy inhibitor; Beclin 1; Cancer; Cell death; Cell survival; MTORC1; Neurodegeneration; ULK complex; Vps34 complex

Indexed keywords

1 (1 CYANO 1 METHYLETHYL) 3 METHYL 8 (3 QUINOLINYL)IMIDAZO[4,5 C]QUINOLIN 2(1H,3H) ONE; 4 [4 (4' CHLORO 2 BIPHENYLYLMETHYL) 1 PIPERAZINYL] N [4 [3 DIMETHYLAMINO 1 (PHENYLTHIOMETHYL)PROPYLAMINO] 3 NITROBENZENESULFONYL]BENZAMIDE; AMIODARONE; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; AUTOPHAGY ENHANCER; AUTOPHAGY INHIBITOR; AZD 8055; DIPHENYLBUTYLPIPERIDINE DERIVATIVE; FLUSPIRILENE; LOPERAMIDE; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN COMPLEX 1; METFORMIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; NEW DRUG; NICARDIPINE; NIGULDIPINE; PHENOL DERIVATIVE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PIMOZIDE; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN BCL XL; PROTEIN INHIBITOR; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE; RAPAMYCIN; RSVA 314; SMALL MOLECULE ENHANCER OF RAPAMYCIN; SPHINGOSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; TRIFLUOPERAZINE; UNC 51 LIKE KINASE 1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 84865451717     PISSN: 13543776     EISSN: 17447674     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2012.715148     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (17)

References (147)
  • 1
    • 77951214016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian autophagy: Core molecular machinery and signaling regulation
    • Yang Z, Klionsky DJ. Mammalian autophagy: Core molecular machinery and signaling regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2010;22:124-31
    • (2010) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.22 , pp. 124-131
    • Yang, Z.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 2
    • 81055144784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: Renovation of cells and tissues
    • Up-to-date overview of the physiological role of autophagy in metabolic adaptation and the maintenance of intracellular integrity through degradation and replacement of damaged constituents. The possible contribution of dysfunctional autophagy in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases is also discussed
    • Mizushima N, Komatsu M. Autophagy: Renovation of cells and tissues. Cell 2011;147:728-41. Up-to-date overview of the physiological role of autophagy in metabolic adaptation and the maintenance of intracellular integrity through degradation and replacement of damaged constituents. The possible contribution of dysfunctional autophagy in the pathogenesis of diverse diseases is also discussed.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.147 , pp. 728-741
    • Mizushima, N.1    Komatsu, M.2
  • 3
    • 79955631150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in the cellular energetic balance
    • Singh R, Cuervo AM. Autophagy in the cellular energetic balance. Cell Metab 2011;13:495-504
    • (2011) Cell Metab , vol.13 , pp. 495-504
    • Singh, R.1    Cuervo, A.M.2
  • 4
    • 78649338141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and the integrated stress response
    • Kroemer G, Marino G, Levine B. Autophagy and the integrated stress response. Mol Cell 2010;40:280-93
    • (2010) Mol Cell , vol.40 , pp. 280-293
    • Kroemer, G.1    Marino, G.2    Levine, B.3
  • 5
    • 78149475088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of mammalian autophagy in physiology and pathophysiology
    • Provides an overview of the autophagic machinery and its mechanisms of regulation under normal physiological conditions and reviews the evidence indicating that malfunction of autophagy is associated with a number of human diseases
    • Ravikumar B, Sarkar S, Davies JE, et al. Regulation of mammalian autophagy in physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2010;90:1383-435. Provides an overview of the autophagic machinery and its mechanisms of regulation under normal physiological conditions and reviews the evidence indicating that malfunction of autophagy is associated with a number of human diseases.
    • (2010) Physiol Rev , vol.90 , pp. 1383-1435
    • Ravikumar, B.1    Sarkar, S.2    Davies, J.E.3
  • 6
    • 84856748733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death by autophagy: Facts and apparent artefacts
    • Denton D, Nicolson S, Kumar S. Cell death by autophagy: Facts and apparent artefacts. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:87-95
    • (2012) Cell Death Differ , vol.19 , pp. 87-95
    • Denton, D.1    Nicolson, S.2    Kumar, S.3
  • 7
    • 82755161734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and disease: Always two sides to a problem
    • This review of current knowledge on the status of autophagic processes in diverse pathological conditions points to the fact that autophagy can often exert both beneficial and aggravating effects on disease progression. What determines the switch between these opposite roles of autophagy remains to be defined in future investigations
    • Sridhar S, Botbol Y, Macian F, Cuervo AM. Autophagy and disease: Always two sides to a problem. J Pathol 2012;226:255-73. This review of current knowledge on the status of autophagic processes in diverse pathological conditions points to the fact that autophagy can often exert both beneficial and aggravating effects on disease progression. What determines the switch between these opposite roles of autophagy remains to be defined in future investigations.
    • (2012) J Pathol , vol.226 , pp. 255-273
    • Sridhar, S.1    Botbol, Y.2    Macian, F.3    Cuervo, A.M.4
  • 9
    • 78650448754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical modulators of autophagy as biological probes and potential therapeutics
    • A review of chemical agents that are known to induce or enhance autophagy and may be used for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases
    • Fleming A, Noda T, Yoshimori T, Rubinsztein DC. Chemical modulators of autophagy as biological probes and potential therapeutics. Nat Chem Biol 2011;7:9-17. A review of chemical agents that are known to induce or enhance autophagy and may be used for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
    • (2011) Nat Chem Biol , vol.7 , pp. 9-17
    • Fleming, A.1    Noda, T.2    Yoshimori, T.3    Rubinsztein, D.C.4
  • 10
    • 84859135431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy-regulating small molecules and their therapeutic applications
    • Comprehensive review of the existing small molecule inhibitors and activators of autophagy and their utility as probes for mechanistic analyses of autophagy or potential therapeutic agents
    • Baek KH, Park J, Shin I. Autophagy-regulating small molecules and their therapeutic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2012;41:3245-63. Comprehensive review of the existing small molecule inhibitors and activators of autophagy and their utility as probes for mechanistic analyses of autophagy or potential therapeutic agents.
    • (2012) Chem Soc Rev , vol.41 , pp. 3245-363
    • Baek, K.H.1    Park, J.2    Shin, I.3
  • 12
    • 78649348967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the mTOR complex 1 pathway by nutrients, growth factors, and stress
    • Sengupta S, Peterson TR, Sabatini DM. Regulation of the mTOR complex 1 pathway by nutrients, growth factors, and stress. Mol Cell 2010;40:310-22
    • (2010) Mol Cell , vol.40 , pp. 310-322
    • Sengupta, S.1    Peterson, T.R.2    Sabatini, D.M.3
  • 13
    • 84859778293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling in growth control and disease
    • This is a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the various cellular processes regulated by the mTOR signaling network
    • Laplante M. Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling in growth control and disease. Cell 2012;149:274-93. This is a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the various cellular processes regulated by the mTOR signaling network.
    • (2012) Cell , vol.149 , pp. 274-293
    • Laplante, M.1
  • 14
    • 84856800302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of AMPK-mTOR-Ulk1/ 2 in the regulation of autophagy: Cross talk, shortcuts, and feedbacks
    • Alers S, Loffler AS, Wesselborg S, Stork B. Role of AMPK-mTOR-Ulk1/ 2 in the regulation of autophagy: Cross talk, shortcuts, and feedbacks. Mol Cell Biol 2012;32:2-11
    • (2012) Mol Cell Biol , vol.32 , pp. 2-11
    • Alers, S.1    Loffler, A.S.2    Wesselborg, S.3    Stork, B.4
  • 15
    • 84865482312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yeda Research and Development Co Ltd. Death Associated Protein 1 Variants And Use Thereof For Modulating Autophagy
    • Yeda Research and Development Co Ltd. Death associated protein 1 variants and use thereof for modulating autophagy. WO2011111051; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011111051
  • 16
    • 77955716131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DAP1, a novel substrate of mTOR, negatively regulates autophagy
    • Koren I, Reem E, Kimchi A. DAP1, a novel substrate of mTOR, negatively regulates autophagy. Curr Biol 2010;20:1093-8
    • (2010) Curr Biol , vol.20 , pp. 1093-1098
    • Koren, I.1    Reem, E.2    Kimchi, A.3
  • 17
    • 84865482313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fondazione Telethon. Molecules Able To Modulate The Expression Of At Least A Gene Involved In Degradative Pathways And Uses Thereof
    • Fondazione Telethon. Molecules able to modulate the expression of at least a gene involved in degradative pathways and uses thereof. WO2010092112; 2010
    • (2010) WO2010092112
  • 18
    • 84857997408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lysosome-to-nucleus signalling mechanism senses and regulates the lysosome via mTOR and TFEB
    • Settembre C, Zoncu R, Medina DL, et al. A lysosome-to-nucleus signalling mechanism senses and regulates the lysosome via mTOR and TFEB. EMBO J 2012;31:1095-108
    • (2012) EMBO J , vol.31 , pp. 1095-1108
    • Settembre, C.1    Zoncu, R.2    Medina, D.L.3
  • 19
    • 79952628267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Beclin 1 network regulates autophagy and apoptosis
    • Kang R, Zeh HJ, Lotze MT, Tang D. The Beclin 1 network regulates autophagy and apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2011;18:571-80
    • (2011) Cell Death Differ , vol.18 , pp. 571-580
    • Kang, R.1    Zeh, H.J.2    Lotze, M.T.3    Tang, D.4
  • 20
    • 77957728513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dynamic interaction of AMBRA1 with the dynein motor complex regulates mammalian autophagy
    • Di Bartolomeo S, Corazzari M, Nazio F, et al. The dynamic interaction of AMBRA1 with the dynein motor complex regulates mammalian autophagy. J Cell Biol 2010;191:155-68
    • (2010) J Cell Biol , vol.191 , pp. 155-168
    • Di Bartolomeo, S.1    Corazzari, M.2    Nazio, F.3
  • 21
    • 84865462569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mount Sinai School Of Medicine Of NYU The Rockefeller University. Novel Autophagy Regulators Atg14L And Rubicon
    • Mount Sinai School of Medicine of NYU, The Rockefeller University. Novel autophagy regulators Atg14L and Rubicon. WO2010030936; 2010
    • (2010) WO2010030936
  • 22
    • 78650936005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RUN domain of rubicon is important for hVps34 binding, lipid kinase inhibition, and autophagy suppression
    • Sun Q, Zhang J, Fan W, et al. The RUN domain of rubicon is important for hVps34 binding, lipid kinase inhibition, and autophagy suppression. J Biol Chem 2011;286:185-91
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 185-191
    • Sun, Q.1    Zhang, J.2    Fan, W.3
  • 23
    • 77954898129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide siRNA screen reveals multiple mTORC1 independent signaling pathways regulating autophagy under normal nutritional conditions
    • This important study demonstrates that under normal homeostatic conditions Vps34 regulates autophagy in an mTORC1-independent manner by integrating multiple signals from growth factors and cytokines. It also indicates that cell proliferation and autophagy are regulated in a mutually exclusive fashion by these signals
    • Lipinski MM, Hoffman G, Ng A, et al. A genome-wide siRNA screen reveals multiple mTORC1 independent signaling pathways regulating autophagy under normal nutritional conditions. Dev Cell 2010;18:1041-52. This important study demonstrates that under normal homeostatic conditions Vps34 regulates autophagy in an mTORC1-independent manner by integrating multiple signals from growth factors and cytokines. It also indicates that cell proliferation and autophagy are regulated in a mutually exclusive fashion by these signals.
    • (2010) Dev Cell , vol.18 , pp. 1041-1052
    • Lipinski, M.M.1    Hoffman, G.2    Ng, A.3
  • 24
    • 84865491436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College. Methods for modulation of autophagy through the modulation of autophagy-enhancing gene products
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College. Methods for modulation of autophagy through the modulation of autophagy-enhancing gene products. WO2011041584; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011041584
  • 25
    • 84865491436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College. Methods for modulation of autophagy through the modulation of autophagy-inhibiting gene products
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College. Methods for modulation of autophagy through the modulation of autophagy-inhibiting gene products. WO2011041582; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011041582
  • 26
    • 84857058225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of autophagy as a therapy for neurodegenerative disease
    • Harris H, Rubinsztein DC. Control of autophagy as a therapy for neurodegenerative disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2011;8:108-17
    • (2011) Nat Rev Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 108-117
    • Harris, H.1    Rubinsztein, D.C.2
  • 27
    • 77954597127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An autophagy-enhancing drug promotes degradation of mutant alpha1-antitrypsin Z and reduces hepatic fibrosis
    • Hidvegi T, Ewing M, Hale P, et al. An autophagy-enhancing drug promotes degradation of mutant alpha1-antitrypsin Z and reduces hepatic fibrosis. Science 2010;329:229-32
    • (2010) Science , vol.329 , pp. 229-232
    • Hidvegi, T.1    Ewing, M.2    Hale, P.3
  • 28
    • 51049106993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting autophagy: Do patents reveal a therapeutic potential?
    • Lefranc F, Ingrassia L, Kiss R. Targeting autophagy: Do patents reveal a therapeutic potential? Expert Opin Ther Patents 2008;18:813-19
    • (2008) Expert Opin Ther Patents , vol.18 , pp. 813-819
    • Lefranc, F.1    Ingrassia, L.2    Kiss, R.3
  • 29
    • 79960348203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relieving autophagy and 4EBP1 from rapamycin resistance
    • Nyfeler B, Bergman P, Triantafellow E, et al. Relieving autophagy and 4EBP1 from rapamycin resistance. Mol Cell Biol 2011;31:2867-76
    • (2011) Mol Cell Biol , vol.31 , pp. 2867-2876
    • Nyfeler, B.1    Bergman, P.2    Triantafellow, E.3
  • 30
    • 75149112670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AZD8055 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity
    • Chresta CM, Davies BR, Hickson I, et al. AZD8055 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Cancer Res 2010;70:288-98
    • (2010) Cancer Res , vol.70 , pp. 288-298
    • Chresta, C.M.1    Davies, B.R.2    Hickson, I.3
  • 31
    • 78149475478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt and autophagy cooperate to promote survival of drug-resistant glioma
    • Fan QW, Cheng C, Hackett C, et al. Akt and autophagy cooperate to promote survival of drug-resistant glioma. Sci Signal 2010;3:ra81
    • (2010) Sci Signal , vol.3
    • Fan, Q.W.1    Cheng, C.2    Hackett, C.3
  • 32
    • 84865475936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ULK1 compositions, inhibitors, screening and methods of use
    • The Salk Institute for Biological Studies
    • The Salk Institute for Biological Studies. ULK1 compositions, inhibitors, screening and methods of use. WO2011084523; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011084523
  • 33
    • 79251556232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel synthetic small-molecule activators of AMPK as enhancers of autophagy and amyloid-beta peptide degradation
    • Vingtdeux V, Chandakkar P, Zhao H, et al. Novel synthetic small-molecule activators of AMPK as enhancers of autophagy and amyloid-beta peptide degradation. FASEB J 2011;25:219-31
    • (2011) FASEB J , vol.25 , pp. 219-231
    • Vingtdeux, V.1    Chandakkar, P.2    Zhao, H.3
  • 36
    • 84865475937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancers and pathogenic infections
    • University of Florida Research Foundation
    • University of Florida Research Foundation. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancers and pathogenic infections. WO2011019636; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011019636
  • 37
    • 34249037565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-beclin 1 peptide complex: Beclin 1 is a novel BH3-only protein
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M700492200
    • Oberstein A, Jeffrey PD, Shi Y. Crystal structure of the Bcl-XL-Beclin 1 peptide complex: Beclin 1 is a novel BH3-only protein. J Biol Chem 2007;282:13123-32 (Pubitemid 47100641)
    • (2007) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.282 , Issue.17 , pp. 13123-13132
    • Oberstein, A.1    Jeffrey, P.D.2    Shi, Y.3
  • 38
    • 84865468152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fondazione Santa Lucia. Peptidic And Peptidomimetic Compounds For Regulating Autophagy
    • Fondazione Santa Lucia. Peptidic and peptidomimetic compounds for regulating autophagy. WO2010018182; 2010
    • (2010) WO2010018182
  • 39
    • 77950505030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of PI3P phosphatases in the regulation of autophagy
    • Vergne I, Deretic V. The role of PI3P phosphatases in the regulation of autophagy. FEBS Lett 2010;584:1313-18
    • (2010) FEBS Lett , vol.584 , pp. 1313-1318
    • Vergne, I.1    Deretic, V.2
  • 40
    • 84865475935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Van Andel Research Institute. Method for treating autophagy-related disorders
    • Van Andel Research Institute. Method for treating autophagy-related disorders. WO2010129681; 2010
    • (2010) WO2010129681
  • 41
    • 70449529855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity
    • Demonstrates that spermidine is capable of markedly extending the lifespan of yeast, flies and worms through the upregulation of autophagy
    • Eisenberg T, Knauer H, Schauer A, et al. Induction of autophagy by spermidine promotes longevity. Nat Cell Biol 2009;11:1305-14. Demonstrates that spermidine is capable of markedly extending the lifespan of yeast, flies and worms through the upregulation of autophagy.
    • (2009) Nat Cell Biol , vol.11 , pp. 1305-1314
    • Eisenberg, T.1    Knauer, H.2    Schauer, A.3
  • 42
    • 84865503904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Polyamine Activators (spermine Spermidine) Of The Autophagic Pathway
    • Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. Polyamine activators (spermine, spermidine) of the autophagic pathway. WO2010081204; 2010
    • (2010) WO2010081204
  • 43
    • 79951889242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spermidine and resveratrol induce autophagy by distinct pathways converging on the acetylproteome
    • This study provides insight into the mechanism by which spermidine and resverastrol enhance autophagy, and reveals that cytoplasmic acetylation/ deacetylation reactions play an important role in regulating the autophagic cascade
    • Morselli E, Marino G, Bennetzen MV, et al. Spermidine and resveratrol induce autophagy by distinct pathways converging on the acetylproteome. J Cell Biol 2011;192:615-29. This study provides insight into the mechanism by which spermidine and resverastrol enhance autophagy, and reveals that cytoplasmic acetylation/ deacetylation reactions play an important role in regulating the autophagic cascade.
    • (2011) J Cell Biol , vol.192 , pp. 615-629
    • Morselli, E.1    Marino, G.2    Bennetzen, M.V.3
  • 44
    • 84865481604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Cambridge Enterprise Ltd. Regulating autophagy
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Cambridge Enterprise Ltd. Regulating autophagy. WO2008122038; 2008
    • (2008) WO2008122038
  • 45
    • 34248994604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small molecules enhance autophagy and reduce toxicity in Huntington's disease models
    • Reports the discovery of SMERs compounds that can induce autophagy by acting either independently or downstream of mTORC1 and are able to attenuate the toxicity of mutant huntingtin-fragment in Huntington's disease cells
    • Sarkar S, Perlstein EO, Imarisio S, et al. Small molecules enhance autophagy and reduce toxicity in Huntington's disease models. Nat Chem Biol 2007;3:331-8. Reports the discovery of SMERs compounds that can induce autophagy by acting either independently or downstream of mTORC1 and are able to attenuate the toxicity of mutant huntingtin-fragment in Huntington's disease cells.
    • (2007) Nat Chem Biol , vol.3 , pp. 331-328
    • Sarkar, S.1    Perlstein, E.O.2    Imarisio, S.3
  • 46
    • 79957917512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A small-molecule enhancer of autophagy decreases levels of Abeta and APP-CTF via Atg5-dependent autophagy pathway
    • Tian Y, Bustos V, Flajolet M, Greengard P. A small-molecule enhancer of autophagy decreases levels of Abeta and APP-CTF via Atg5-dependent autophagy pathway. FASEB J 2011;25:1934-44
    • (2011) FASEB J , vol.25 , pp. 1934-1944
    • Tian, Y.1    Bustos, V.2    Flajolet, M.3    Greengard, P.4
  • 47
    • 35848965721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erratum: Small molecule enhancers of rapamycin-induced TOR inhibition promote autophagy, reduce toxicity in Huntington's disease models and enhance killing of mycobacteria by macrophages (Autophagy)
    • Floto RA, Sarkar S, Perlstein EO, et al. Small molecule enhancers of rapamycin-induced TOR inhibition promote autophagy, reduce toxicity in Huntington's disease models and enhance killing of mycobacteria by macrophages. Autophagy 2007;3:620-2 (Pubitemid 350060063)
    • (2007) Autophagy , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 620-622
    • Floto, R.A.1    Sarkar, S.2    Perlstein, E.O.3    Kampmann, B.4    Schreiber, S.L.5    Rubinsztein, D.C.6
  • 48
    • 84865459255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President And Fellows Of Harvard College Shangai Institute Of Organic Chemistry. Autophagy Inducing Compounds And Uses Thereof In Treating Autophagy Associated Diseases
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College, Shangai Institute of organic chemistry. Autophagy inducing compounds and uses thereof in treating autophagy associated diseases. WO2009049242; 2009
    • (2009) WO2009049242
  • 49
    • 37649024076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small molecule regulators of autophagy identified by an image-based highthroughput screen
    • Zhang L, Yu J, Pan H, et al. Small molecule regulators of autophagy identified by an image-based highthroughput screen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007;104:19023-8
    • (2007) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.104 , pp. 19023-19028
    • Zhang, L.1    Yu, J.2    Pan, H.3
  • 50
    • 84865487859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • President And Fellows Of Harvard College Shanghai Institute Of Organic Chemistry. Diphenylbutypiperidine Autophagy Inducers
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry. Diphenylbutypiperidine autophagy inducers. WO2011143444; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011143444
  • 51
    • 75149171923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of basal autophagy by calpain1 mediated cleavage of ATG5
    • Xia HG, Zhang L, Chen G, et al. Control of basal autophagy by calpain1 mediated cleavage of ATG5. Autophagy 2010;6:61-6
    • (2010) Autophagy , vol.6 , pp. 61-6
    • Xia, H.G.1    Zhang, L.2    Chen, G.3
  • 52
    • 84865468189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cambridge Enterprise Ltd. Modulation Of Autophagy By Calpain Inhibition
    • Cambridge Enterprise Ltd. Modulation of autophagy by calpain inhibition. WO2007003941; 2007
    • (2007) WO2007003941
  • 53
    • 78049231804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A small-molecule scaffold induces autophagy in primary neurons and protects against toxicity in a Huntington disease model
    • Tsvetkov AS, Miller J, Arrasate M, et al. A small-molecule scaffold induces autophagy in primary neurons and protects against toxicity in a Huntington disease model. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:16982-7
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 16982-16987
    • Tsvetkov, A.S.1    Miller, J.2    Arrasate, M.3
  • 55
    • 84865475938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apogee Biotechnology Corp. X. Sphingosine kinase inhibitors
    • Apogee Biotechnology Corp. X. Sphingosine kinase inhibitors. US8063248; 2011
    • (2011) US8063248
  • 56
    • 77951085269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel sphingosine kinase inhibitor induces autophagy in tumor cells
    • Beljanski V, Knaak C, Smith CD. A novel sphingosine kinase inhibitor induces autophagy in tumor cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010;333:454-64
    • (2010) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.333 , pp. 454-464
    • Beljanski, V.1    Knaak, C.2    Smith, C.D.3
  • 57
    • 84859480341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagosomal membrane serves as a platform for an intracellular death-inducing signaling complex (iDISC)-mediated caspase-8 activation and apoptosis
    • Young M, Takahashi Y, Khan O, et al. Autophagosomal membrane serves as a platform for an intracellular death-inducing signaling complex (iDISC)-mediated caspase-8 activation and apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2012;287:12455-1268
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , pp. 12455-11278
    • Young, M.1    Takahashi, Y.2    Khan, O.3
  • 58
    • 84856038067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined anticancer effects of sphingosine kinase inhibitors and sorafenib
    • Beljanski V, Knaak C, Zhuang Y, Smith CD. Combined anticancer effects of sphingosine kinase inhibitors and sorafenib. Invest New Drugs 2011;29:1132-42
    • (2011) Invest New Drugs , vol.29 , pp. 1132-1142
    • Beljanski, V.1    Knaak, C.2    Zhuang, Y.3    Smith, C.D.4
  • 59
    • 84872880253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ABC294640 In Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors (ABC-101). Available From: [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • ABC294640 in treating patients with advanced solid tumors (ABC-101). Available from: Http://clinicaltrials.gov/ ct2/results?term=abc294640 [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
  • 60
    • 84865501456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novogen Research PTY Ltd. Method for inducing autophagy
    • Novogen Research PTY Ltd. Method for inducing autophagy. WO2008113100; 2008
    • (2008) WO2008113100
  • 61
    • 68549087108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NV-128, a novel isoflavone derivative, induces caspase-independent cell death through the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway
    • Alvero AB, Montagna MK, Chen R, et al. NV-128, a novel isoflavone derivative, induces caspase-independent cell death through the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Cancer 2009;115:3204-16
    • (2009) Cancer , vol.115 , pp. 3204-3216
    • Alvero, A.B.1    Montagna, M.K.2    Chen, R.3
  • 62
    • 80051600499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the mitochondria activates two independent cell death pathways in ovarian cancer stem cells
    • Demonstrates that NV128 can induce both autophagy and apoptotic cell death in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer stem cells by disrupting mitochondrial function, and thereby promoting a state of cellular starvation. This compound may offer a new approach to treat recalcitrant ovarian cancers
    • Alvero AB, Montagna MK, Holmberg JC, et al. Targeting the mitochondria activates two independent cell death pathways in ovarian cancer stem cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10:1385-93. Demonstrates that NV128 can induce both autophagy and apoptotic cell death in chemotherapy-resistant ovarian cancer stem cells by disrupting mitochondrial function, and thereby promoting a state of cellular starvation. This compound may offer a new approach to treat recalcitrant ovarian cancers.
    • (2011) Mol Cancer Ther , vol.10 , pp. 1385-1393
    • Alvero, A.B.1    Montagna, M.K.2    Holmberg, J.C.3
  • 63
    • 84872887943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marshall Edwards announces first cohort of patients dosed in Phase I clinical trial of oncology drug candidate ME-344. Available from: Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • Marshall Edwards announces first cohort of patients dosed in Phase I clinical trial of oncology drug candidate ME-344. Available from: Http://www.meipharma. com/news/2012/05/29/ Last accessed 17 July 2012]
  • 64
    • 70449529788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FLIP-mediated autophagy regulation in cell death control
    • Lee JS, Li Q, Lee JY, et al. FLIP-mediated autophagy regulation in cell death control. Nat Cell Biol 2009;11:1355-62
    • (2009) Nat Cell Biol , vol.11 , pp. 1355-1362
    • Lee, J.S.1    Li, Q.2    Lee, J.Y.3
  • 65
    • 84865491442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Southern California. FLIP death effector domain derived peptides for inducing autophagy
    • University of Southern California. FLIP death effector domain derived peptides for inducing autophagy. WO201011952; 2010
    • (2010) WO201011952
  • 66
    • 84865475940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Southern California. Highly potent peptides to control cancer and neurodegenerative diseases
    • University of Southern California. Highly potent peptides to control cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. WO20120158386; 2012
    • (2012) WO20120158386
  • 67
    • 67651152483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted activation of innate immunity for therapeutic induction of autophagy and apoptosis in melanoma cells
    • This important study demonstrates that intracellular delivery of Poly-IC can induce autophagy and apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells through activation of the dsRNA sensor MDA-5 and the proapoptotic protein NOXA
    • Tormo D, Checinska A, Alonso-Curbelo D, et al. Targeted activation of innate immunity for therapeutic induction of autophagy and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Cancer Cell 2009;16:103-14. This important study demonstrates that intracellular delivery of Poly-IC can induce autophagy and apoptotic cell death in melanoma cells through activation of the dsRNA sensor MDA-5 and the proapoptotic protein NOXA.
    • (2009) Cancer Cell , vol.16 , pp. 103-114
    • Tormo, D.1    Checinska, A.2    Alonso-Curbelo, D.3
  • 68
    • 84865475942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fundacion Centro Nacional de investigaciones oncolgicas Carlos III. Process for the identification of compounds for treating cancer
    • Fundacion Centro Nacional de investigaciones oncolgicas Carlos III. Process for the identification of compounds for treating cancer. WO2011003883; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011003883
  • 69
    • 79953306808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic Ras-induced expression of Noxa and Beclin-1 promotes autophagic cell death and limits clonogenic survival
    • Elgendy M, Sheridan C, Brumatti G, Martin SJ. Oncogenic Ras-induced expression of Noxa and Beclin-1 promotes autophagic cell death and limits clonogenic survival. Mol Cell 2011;42:23-35
    • (2011) Mol Cell , vol.42 , pp. 23-35
    • Elgendy, M.1    Sheridan, C.2    Brumatti, G.3    Martin, S.J.4
  • 70
    • 84858788427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obatoclax and lapatinib interact to induce toxic autophagy through NOXA
    • Tang Y, Hamed HA, Cruickshanks N, et al. Obatoclax and lapatinib interact to induce toxic autophagy through NOXA. Mol Pharmacol 2012;81:527-40
    • (2012) Mol Pharmacol , vol.81 , pp. 527-540
    • Tang, Y.1    Hamed, H.A.2    Cruickshanks, N.3
  • 71
    • 84863989201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor effects of cytoplasmic delivery of an innate adjuvant receptor ligand, poly(I:C), on human breast cancer
    • Inao T, Harashima N, Monma H, et al. Antitumor effects of cytoplasmic delivery of an innate adjuvant receptor ligand, poly(I:C), on human breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012;134:89-100
    • (2012) Breast Cancer Res Treat , vol.134 , pp. 89-100
    • Inao, T.1    Harashima, N.2    Monma, H.3
  • 72
    • 70350064307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of VHL in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and its relation to targeted therapy
    • Clark PE. The role of VHL in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and its relation to targeted therapy. Kidney Int 2009;76:939-45
    • (2009) Kidney Int , vol.76 , pp. 939-945
    • Clark, P.E.1
  • 73
    • 84865482325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leland Stanford Junior University, Auckland Uniservices Ltd. Heteroaryl compounds, compositions, and methods of use in cancer treatment
    • Leland Stanford Junior University, Auckland Uniservices Ltd. Heteroaryl compounds, compositions, and methods of use in cancer treatment. WO2009114552; 2009
    • (2009) WO2009114552
  • 74
    • 45849147350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Molecule Targeting VHL-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma that Induces Autophagy
    • DOI 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.06.004, PII S1535610808001943
    • Turcotte S, Chan DA, Sutphin PD, et al. A molecule targeting VHL-deficient renal cell carcinoma that induces autophagy. Cancer Cell 2008;14:90-102. Along with [73], this paper reports on the identification of STF-62247 that induces autophagy-dependent cell death and reduced tumor growth of VHL-deficient renal carcinoma cells but not their VHL-sufficient counterparts. This may open the way to a paradigm shift in cancer therapy whereby malignant cells can be selectively targeted through synthetic lethality. (Pubitemid 351885499)
    • (2008) Cancer Cell , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 90-102
    • Turcotte, S.1    Chan, D.A.2    Sutphin, P.D.3    Hay, M.P.4    Denny, W.A.5    Giaccia, A.J.6
  • 75
    • 84861830641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiosensitization of renal cell carcinoma in vitro through the induction of autophagy
    • Anbalagan S, Pires IM, Blick C, et al. Radiosensitization of renal cell carcinoma in vitro through the induction of autophagy. Radiother Oncol 2012;103:388-93
    • (2012) Radiother Oncol , vol.103 , pp. 388-393
    • Anbalagan, S.1    Pires, I.M.2    Blick, C.3
  • 76
    • 77249159398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 4-Pyridylanilinothiazoles that selectively target von Hippel-Lindau deficient renal cell carcinoma cells by inducing autophagic cell death
    • Hay MP, Turcotte S, Flanagan JU, et al. 4-Pyridylanilinothiazoles that selectively target von Hippel-Lindau deficient renal cell carcinoma cells by inducing autophagic cell death. J Med Chem 2010;53:787-97
    • (2010) J Med Chem , vol.53 , pp. 787-797
    • Hay, M.P.1    Turcotte, S.2    Flanagan, J.U.3
  • 77
    • 79957529163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAR studies of 4-pyridyl heterocyclic anilines that selectively induce autophagic cell death in von Hippel-Lindau-deficient renal cell carcinoma cells
    • Bonnet M, Flanagan JU, Chan DA, et al. SAR studies of 4-pyridyl heterocyclic anilines that selectively induce autophagic cell death in von Hippel-Lindau-deficient renal cell carcinoma cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2011;19:3347-56
    • (2011) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.19 , pp. 3347-3356
    • Bonnet, M.1    Flanagan, J.U.2    Chan, D.A.3
  • 78
    • 79958694159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of positive lysosomal modulation in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse models
    • Butler D, Hwang J, Estick C, et al. Protective effects of positive lysosomal modulation in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse models. PLoS One 2011;6:e20501
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Butler, D.1    Hwang, J.2    Estick, C.3
  • 79
    • 84865504003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Connecticut. Compounds for lysosomal modulation and methods of use
    • University of Connecticut. Compounds for lysosomal modulation and methods of use. WO2009129532; 2009
    • (2009) WO2009129532
  • 80
    • 80052227050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy as a target for anticancer therapy
    • Reviews the evidence that autophagy can both suppress cancerogenesis at an early stage and promote tumor progression by enabling cancerous cells to survive and during unfavorable metabolic conditions. How this dual role of autophagy may impact cancer therapy is also discussed
    • Janku F, McConkey DJ, Hong DS, Kurzrock R. Autophagy as a target for anticancer therapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2011;8:528-39. Reviews the evidence that autophagy can both suppress cancerogenesis at an early stage and promote tumor progression by enabling cancerous cells to survive and during unfavorable metabolic conditions. How this dual role of autophagy may impact cancer therapy is also discussed.
    • (2011) Nat Rev Clin Oncol , vol.8 , pp. 528-539
    • Janku, F.1    McConkey, D.J.2    Hong, D.S.3    Kurzrock, R.4
  • 81
    • 79951847989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles and current strategies for targeting autophagy for cancer treatment
    • This review examines the functional relevance of autohagy within the tumor microenvironment and rovides an udate of the ongoing clinical trials using HCQ for adjunct cancer theray
    • Amaravadi RK, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Yin XM, et al. Principles and current strategies for targeting autophagy for cancer treatment. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:654-66. This review examines the functional relevance of autophagy within the tumor microenvironment and provides an update of the ongoing clinical trials using HCQ for adjunct cancer therapy.
    • (2011) Clin Cancer Res , vol.17 , pp. 654-666
    • Amaravadi, R.K.1    Lippincott-Schwartz, J.2    Yin, X.M.3
  • 82
    • 81855194301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The autophagy conundrum in cancer: Influence of tumorigenic metabolic reprogramming
    • This excellent review discusses the role of the metabolic reprogramming associated with tumorigenesis in mediating an autophagic response that promotes tumor cell survival and the possibility of exploiting this response to target tumor cells with autophagy inhibitors
    • Eng CH, Abraham RT. The autophagy conundrum in cancer: Influence of tumorigenic metabolic reprogramming. Oncogene 2011;30:4687-96. This excellent review discusses the role of the metabolic reprogramming associated with tumorigenesis in mediating an autophagic response that promotes tumor cell survival and the possibility of exploiting this response to target tumor cells with autophagy inhibitors.
    • (2011) Oncogene , vol.30 , pp. 4687-4696
    • Eng, C.H.1    Abraham, R.T.2
  • 83
    • 84865475943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. Inhibiting obesity progression by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation with a pre-adipocyte autophagy inhibitor
    • The University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey. Inhibiting obesity progression by inhibiting adipocyte differentiation with a pre-adipocyte autophagy inhibitor. WO20110022236; 2010
    • (2010) WO20110022236
  • 84
    • 84865522454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Disabling autophagy as a treatment for lysosomal storage diseases
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Disabling autophagy as a treatment for lysosomal storage diseases. WO2011028941; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011028941
  • 85
    • 84865491445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Methods and compositions for inhibiting autophagy for the treatment of fibrosis
    • Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Methods and compositions for inhibiting autophagy for the treatment of fibrosis. WO2012037547; 2012
    • (2012) WO2012037547
  • 86
    • 77950212231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shaping development of autophagy inhibitors with the structure of the lipid kinase Vps34
    • This paper describes the crystal structure of Vps34, revealing a uniquely constricted ATP-binding pocket and suggesting that Vps34 may alternate between a closed cytosolic form and an open form on the membrane. Using this structural information, a PI3K inhibitor acting preferentially on Vps34 versus Class I PI3K was synthesized, thus indicating the feasibility of developing specific Vps34 inhibitors
    • Miller S, Tavshanjian B, Oleksy A, et al. Shaping development of autophagy inhibitors with the structure of the lipid kinase Vps34. Science 2010;327:1638-42 This paper describes the crystal structure of Vps34, revealing a uniquely constricted ATP-binding pocket and suggesting that Vps34 may alternate between a closed cytosolic form and an open form on the membrane. Using this structural information, a PI3K inhibitor acting preferentially on Vps34 versus Class I PI3K was synthesized, thus indicating the feasibility of developing specific Vps34 inhibitors.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 1638-1642
    • Miller, S.1    Tavshanjian, B.2    Oleksy, A.3
  • 87
    • 84865459258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bi-heteroaryl compounds as vps34 inhibitors
    • This paper describes the crystal structure of Vps34, revealing a uniquely constricted ATP-binding pocket and suggesting that Vps34 may alternate between a closed cytosolic form and an open form on the membrane. Using this structural information, a PI3K inhibitor acting preferentially on Vps34 versus Class I PI3K was synthesized, thus indicating the feasibility of developing specific Vps34 inhibitors. 87. Novartis AG. Bi-heteroaryl compounds as vps34 inhibitors. WO2012085815; 2012
    • (2012) WO2012085815
    • Novartis, A.G.1
  • 88
    • 69449097865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of autophagy by a beclin 1-targeted microRNA, miR-30a, in cancer cells
    • Zhu H, Wu H, Li X, et al. Regulation of autophagy by a beclin 1-targeted microRNA, miR-30a, in cancer cells. Autophagy 2009;5:816-23
    • (2009) Autophagy , vol.5 , pp. 816-823
    • Zhu, H.1    Wu, H.2    Li, X.3
  • 89
    • 85046981182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MiR-376b controls starvation and mTOR inhibition-related autophagy by targeting ATG4C and BECN1
    • Korkmaz G, le Sage C, Tekirdag KA, et al. miR-376b controls starvation and mTOR inhibition-related autophagy by targeting ATG4C and BECN1. Autophagy 2012;8:165-76
    • (2012) Autophagy , vol.8 , pp. 165-176
    • Korkmaz, G.1    Le Sage, C.2    Tekirdag, K.A.3
  • 90
    • 84865482326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sabanci Universitesi. Use Of MiRNAs For The Diagnosis Prophylaxis Treatment And Follow-up Of Diseases Involving Macroautophagy Abnormalities
    • Sabanci Universitesi. Use of miRNAs for the diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment and follow-up of diseases involving macroautophagy abnormalities. WO2012044265; 2012
    • (2012) WO2012044265
  • 91
    • 83555173337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The therapeutic potential of microRNAs: Disease modulators and drug targets
    • McDermott AM, Heneghan HM, Miller N, Kerin MJ. The therapeutic potential of microRNAs: Disease modulators and drug targets. Pharm Res 2011;28:3016-29
    • (2011) Pharm Res , vol.28 , pp. 3016-3029
    • McDermott, A.M.1    Heneghan, H.M.2    Miller, N.3    Kerin, M.J.4
  • 92
    • 84865463362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent small molecule inhibitors of autophagy, and methods of use thereof
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College, Shangai Institute of organic chemistry. Along with [93], this patent discloses Spautin-1, a novel type of small molecule inhibitor of autophagy that promotes the proteosomal degradation of Beclin-1 by interfering with its deubiquination. Spautin-1 also promotes p53 degradation and induces apoptosis of glucose-starved cancer cells but not normal cells and may thus provide a lead compound for developing a novel type of anticancer agents
    • President and Fellows of Harvard College, Shangai Institute of organic chemistry. Potent small molecule inhibitors of autophagy, and methods of use thereof. WO2011011522; 2011. Along with [93], this patent discloses Spautin-1, a novel type of small molecule inhibitor of autophagy that promotes the proteosomal degradation of Beclin-1 by interfering with its deubiquination. Spautin-1 also promotes p53 degradation and induces apoptosis of glucose-starved cancer cells but not normal cells and may thus provide a lead compound for developing a novel type of anticancer agents.
    • (2011) WO2011011522
  • 93
    • 80053501671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beclin1 controls the levels of p53 by regulating the deubiquitination activity of USP10 and USP13
    • Along with [92], this landmark paper describes the discovery and biological characterization of Spautin-1, a novel type of small molecule inhibitor of autophagy that promotes the proteosomal degradation of Beclin-1 by interfering with its deubiquination. Spautin-1 also promotes p53 degradation and induces apoptosis of glucose-starved cancer cells but not normal cells and may thus provide a lead compound for developing a novel type of anticancer agents
    • Liu J, Xia H, Kim M, et al. Beclin1 controls the levels of p53 by regulating the deubiquitination activity of USP10 and USP13. Cell 2011;147:223-34. Along with [92], this landmark paper describes the discovery and biological characterization of Spautin-1, a novel type of small molecule inhibitor of autophagy that promotes the proteosomal degradation of Beclin-1 by interfering with its deubiquination. Spautin-1 also promotes p53 degradation and induces apoptosis of glucose-starved cancer cells but not normal cells and may thus provide a lead compound for developing a novel type of anticancer agents.
    • (2011) Cell , pp. 147223-147234
    • Liu, J.1    Xia, H.2    Kim, M.3
  • 94
    • 4344604111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A receptor-associated protein-phospholipid conjugates
    • DOI 10.1074/jbc.M401461200
    • Tanida I, Sou YS, Ezaki J, et al. HsAtg4B/HsApg4B/autophagin-1 cleaves the carboxyl termini of three human Atg8 homologues and delipidates microtubule-associated protein light chain 3- and GABAA receptor-associated protein-phospholipid conjugates. J Biol Chem 2004;279:36268-76 (Pubitemid 39128963)
    • (2004) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.279 , Issue.35 , pp. 36268-36276
    • Tanida, I.1    Sou, Y.-S.2    Ezaki, J.3    Minematsu-Ikeguchi, N.4    Ueno, T.5    Kominami, E.6
  • 95
    • 79953190772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetics comparisons of mammalian Atg4 homologues indicate selective preferences toward diverse Atg8 substrates
    • Li M, Hou Y, Wang J, et al. Kinetics comparisons of mammalian Atg4 homologues indicate selective preferences toward diverse Atg8 substrates. J Biol Chem 2011;286:7327-38
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 7327-7338
    • Li, M.1    Hou, Y.2    Wang, J.3
  • 96
    • 84865483206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Florida Research Foundation. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancers and pathogenic infections
    • University of Florida Research Foundation. Methods and compositions for the treatment of cancers and pathogenic infections. WO2009089147; 2009
    • (2009) WO2009089147
  • 98
    • 65649136884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The structure of Atg4B-LC3 complex reveals the mechanism of LC3 processing and delipidation during autophagy
    • Satoo K, Noda NN, Kumeta H, et al. The structure of Atg4B-LC3 complex reveals the mechanism of LC3 processing and delipidation during autophagy. EMBO J 2009;28:1341-50
    • (2009) EMBO J , vol.28 , pp. 1341-1350
    • Satoo, K.1    Noda, N.N.2    Kumeta, H.3
  • 99
    • 79951968329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-throughput fluorescence assay for small-molecule inhibitors of autophagins/ Atg4
    • Shu CW, Madiraju C, Zhai D, et al. High-throughput fluorescence assay for small-molecule inhibitors of autophagins/ Atg4. J Biomol Screen 2011;16:174-82
    • (2011) J Biomol Screen , vol.16 , pp. 174-182
    • Shu, C.W.1    Madiraju, C.2    Zhai, D.3
  • 100
    • 84859145176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A high-throughput FRET-based assay for determination of Atg4 activity
    • Li M, Chen X, Ye QZ, et al. A high-throughput FRET-based assay for determination of Atg4 activity. Autophagy 2012;8:401-12
    • (2012) Autophagy , vol.8 , pp. 401-412
    • Li, M.1    Chen, X.2    Ye, Q.Z.3
  • 101
    • 84865523222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • San Diego State University Foundation. Compositions And Methods For Modulating Autophagy
    • San Diego State University Foundation. Compositions and methods for modulating autophagy. WO2011106684; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011106684
  • 102
    • 79953650957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioprotection through autophagy: Ready for clinical trial?
    • Gottlieb RA, Mentzer RMJ. Cardioprotection through autophagy: Ready for clinical trial? Autophagy 2011;7:434-5
    • (2011) Autophagy , vol.7 , pp. 434-435
    • Gottlieb, R.A.1    Mentzer, R.M.J.2
  • 103
    • 84865469012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The University of British Columbia. Autophagy inhibitor compounds, compositions and methods for the use thereof in the treatment of cancer
    • The University of British Columbia. Autophagy inhibitor compounds, compositions and methods for the use thereof in the treatment of cancer. WO2011017809; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011017809
  • 104
    • 79953203958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of autophagosome formation by the benzoporphyrin derivative verteporfin
    • Shows that verteporfin can inhibit autophagosome formation by acting downstream of LC3 processing and lipidation, thereby preventing starvation-induced autophagic degradation. As verteporfin reduces the viability of cancer cells grown in nutrient-depletion but not nutrient-rich conditions, is relatively safe in absence of light exposure and is already approved for clinical use, it deserves evaluation as a potential adjunct to cancer therapy
    • Donohue E, Tovey A, Vogl AW, et al. Inhibition of autophagosome formation by the benzoporphyrin derivative verteporfin. J Biol Chem 2011;286:7290-300. Shows that verteporfin can inhibit autophagosome formation by acting downstream of LC3 processing and lipidation, thereby preventing starvation-induced autophagic degradation. As verteporfin reduces the viability of cancer cells grown in nutrient-depletion but not nutrient-rich conditions, is relatively safe in absence of light exposure and is already approved for clinical use, it deserves evaluation as a potential adjunct to cancer therapy.
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 7290-7300
    • Donohue, E.1    Tovey, A.2    Vogl, A.W.3
  • 105
    • 84865482329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagic compounds and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treating cancer
    • The General Hospital Corp
    • The General Hospital Corp. Autophagic compounds and tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treating cancer. WO2008036254; 2008
    • (2008) WO2008036254
  • 106
    • 84865482331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods and products for treating proliferative diseases
    • University of Colorado
    • University of Colorado. Methods and products for treating proliferative diseases. WO2010008554; 2010
    • (2010) WO2010008554
  • 107
    • 84865475945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination antineoplastic therapy
    • The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania
    • The Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania. Combination antineoplastic therapy. WO2010132233; 2010
    • (2010) WO2010132233
  • 108
    • 84865459260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methods of treating cancer using pyridopyrimidinone inhibitors of PI3K amd mTOR in combination with autophagy inhibitors
    • Exelixis Inc. The Regents Of The University of California
    • Exelixis, Inc., The Regents of the University of California. Methods of treating cancer using pyridopyrimidinone inhibitors of PI3K amd mTOR in combination with autophagy inhibitors. WO2011100319; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011100319
  • 109
    • 84865459264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genentech Inc. Autophagy Inducer And Inhibitor Combination Therapy For The Treatment Of Neoplasms
    • Genentech, Inc. Autophagy inducer and inhibitor combination therapy for the treatment of neoplasms. WO2012087336; 2012
    • (2012) WO2012087336
  • 110
    • 84857267849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chloroquine sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapy independent of autophagy
    • Maycotte P, Aryal S, Cummings CT, et al. Chloroquine sensitizes breast cancer cells to chemotherapy independent of autophagy. Autophagy 2012;8:200-12
    • (2012) Autophagy , vol.8 , pp. 200-212
    • Maycotte, P.1    Aryal, S.2    Cummings, C.T.3
  • 111
    • 84872887975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy inhibition in cancer therapy: Progress and unaswered questions
    • February 2012. Vancouver, Canada. Available from: [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • Amaravadi R. Autophagy inhibition in cancer therapy: Progress and unaswered questions. AAAS Annual Meeting 16-20 February 2012. Vancouver, Canada. Available from: Http://aaas. confex.com/aaas/2012/webprogram/ Paper6717.html [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • AAAS Annual Meeting , pp. 16-20
    • Amaravadi, R.1
  • 112
    • 84861434652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy inhibitor Lys05 has single-agent antitumor activity and reproduces the phenotype of a genetic autophagy deficiency
    • Demonstrates that a novel bisaminoquinoline derivative of HCQ potently inhibits autophagy and exerts single-agent anticancer activity without overt toxicity in a tumor xenograft model
    • McAfee Q, Zhang Z, Samanta A, et al. Autophagy inhibitor Lys05 has single-agent antitumor activity and reproduces the phenotype of a genetic autophagy deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:8253-8. Demonstrates that a novel bisaminoquinoline derivative of HCQ potently inhibits autophagy and exerts single-agent anticancer activity without overt toxicity in a tumor xenograft model.
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.109 , pp. 8253-8258
    • McAfee, Q.1    Zhang, Z.2    Samanta, A.3
  • 113
    • 77954983910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation resistance in glioma cells determined by DNA damage repair activity of Ape1/Ref-1
    • Naidu MD, Mason JM, Pica RV, et al. Radiation resistance in glioma cells determined by DNA damage repair activity of Ape1/Ref-1. J Radiat Res (Tokyo) 2010;51:393-404
    • (2010) J Radiat Res (Tokyo , vol.51 , pp. 393-404
    • Naidu, M.D.1    Mason, J.M.2    Pica, R.V.3
  • 114
    • 84865475947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Inc Thioxantone-based Autophagy Inhibitor Therapies To Treat Cancer
    • Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc Thioxantone-based autophagy inhibitor therapies to treat cancer. WO2011112623; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011112623
  • 115
    • 79953171152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lucanthone is a novel inhibitor of autophagy that induces cathepsin D-mediated apoptosis
    • Carew JS, Espitia CM, Esquivel JA, et al. Lucanthone is a novel inhibitor of autophagy that induces cathepsin D-mediated apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2011;286:6602-13
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , pp. 6602-6613
    • Carew, J.S.1    Espitia, C.M.2    Esquivel, J.A.3
  • 116
    • 84872887090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety And Efficacy Study Of Lucanthone When Used In Combination With Temozolomide(TMZ) And Radiation To Treat Glioblastoma Multiforme(GBM). Available From: [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • Safety and efficacy study of lucanthone when used in combination with temozolomide(TMZ) and radiation to treat glioblastoma multiforme(GBM). Available from: Http://clinicaltrials.gov/ ct2/results?term=lucanthone [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
  • 117
    • 84865475949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of glycosylated antitumor ether lipids to induce and/or enhance autophagy for treatment of diseases
    • University of Manitoba
    • University of Manitoba. The use of glycosylated antitumor ether lipids to induce and/or enhance autophagy for treatment of diseases. WO2009092170; 2009
    • (2009) WO2009092170
  • 118
    • 69449084924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-O-(2'- acetamido-2'-deoxy-beta- Dglucopyranosyl)- sn-glycerol (Gln) induces cell death with more autophagosomes which is autophagy-independent
    • This study illustrates the pitfalls of using autophagosome formation only as a parameter of autophagic flux activation and shows that Gln augments the accumulation of autophagosomes not by activating autophagy but by blocking autophagosone maturation and lysosomal degradative function, thereby causing tumor cell death via lysosomal cathepsin leakage into the cytoplasm
    • Jahreiss L, Renna M, Bittman R, et al. 1-O-Hexadecyl-2-O-methyl-3-O-(2'- acetamido-2'-deoxy-beta-Dglucopyranosyl)- sn-glycerol (Gln) induces cell death with more autophagosomes which is autophagy-independent. Autophagy 2009;5:835-46. This study illustrates the pitfalls of using autophagosome formation only as a parameter of autophagic flux activation and shows that Gln augments the accumulation of autophagosomes not by activating autophagy but by blocking autophagosone maturation and lysosomal degradative function, thereby causing tumor cell death via lysosomal cathepsin leakage into the cytoplasm.
    • (2009) Autophagy , vol.5 , pp. 835-846
    • Jahreiss, L.1    Renna, M.2    Bittman, R.3
  • 119
    • 77954237882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Network organization of the human autophagy system
    • Behrends C, Sowa ME, Gygi SP, Harper JW. Network organization of the human autophagy system. Nature 2010;466:68-76
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , pp. 68-76
    • Behrends, C.1    Sowa, M.E.2    Gygi, S.P.3    Harper, J.W.4
  • 120
    • 77956274584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis reveals mechanisms modulating autophagy in normal brain aging and in Alzheimer's disease
    • This important study demonstrates that whereas autophagy tends to decrease during normal brain aging, it is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease patients. Since autophagy contributes to amyloid-b formation, this suggests that inhibiting autophagy at an early stage and/or enhancing autolysosome formation and degradative capacity may be desirable to combat Alzheimer's disease
    • Lipinski MM, Zheng B, Lu T, et al. Genome-wide analysis reveals mechanisms modulating autophagy in normal brain aging and in Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010;107:14164-9. This important study demonstrates that whereas autophagy tends to decrease during normal brain aging, it is upregulated in Alzheimer's disease patients. Since autophagy contributes to amyloid-b formation, this suggests that inhibiting autophagy at an early stage and/or enhancing autolysosome formation and degradative capacity may be desirable to combat Alzheimer's disease.
    • (2010) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.107 , pp. 14164-14199
    • Lipinski, M.M.1    Zheng, B.2    Lu, T.3
  • 121
    • 79955969705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy failure in Alzheimer's disease-locating the primary defect
    • Nixon RA, Yang DS. Autophagy failure in Alzheimer's disease-locating the primary defect. Neurobiol Dis 2011;43:38-45
    • (2011) Neurobiol Dis , vol.43 , pp. 38-45
    • Nixon, R.A.1    Yang, D.S.2
  • 122
    • 84865459266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duke University. Therapeutic Agents For Neurodegenerative Diseases
    • Duke University. Therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative diseases. WO2011066430; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011066430
  • 124
    • 84863726751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of lysosomal integrity by B10, a glycosylated derivative of betulinic acid, leads to lysosomal cell death and converts autophagy into a detrimental process
    • Gonzalez P, Mader I, Tchoghandjian A, et al. Impairment of lysosomal integrity by B10, a glycosylated derivative of betulinic acid, leads to lysosomal cell death and converts autophagy into a detrimental process. Cell Death Differ 2012;19:1337-46
    • (2012) Cell Death Differ , vol.19 , pp. 1337-1346
    • Gonzalez, P.1    Mader, I.2    Tchoghandjian, A.3
  • 126
    • 84859763961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative macroautophagic pathways
    • Juenemann K, Reits EA. Alternative macroautophagic pathways. Int J Cell Biol 2012;2012:189794
    • (2012) Int J Cell Biol , vol.2012 , pp. 189794
    • Juenemann, K.1    Reits, E.A.2
  • 127
    • 84355162283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canonical and non-canonical autophagy: Variations on a common theme of self-eating?
    • Codogno P, Mehrpour M, Proikas-Cezanne T. Canonical and non-canonical autophagy: Variations on a common theme of self-eating? Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2012;13:7-12
    • (2012) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.13 , pp. 7-12
    • Codogno, P.1    Mehrpour, M.2    Proikas-Cezanne, T.3
  • 128
    • 84857085837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological targets in the ubiquitin system offer new ways of treating cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases
    • Edelmann MJ, Nicholson B, Kessler BM. Pharmacological targets in the ubiquitin system offer new ways of treating cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and infectious diseases. Expert Rev Mol Med 2011;13:e35
    • (2011) Expert Rev Mol Med , vol.13
    • Edelmann, M.J.1    Nicholson, B.2    Kessler, B.M.3
  • 129
    • 84863679458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New targets for acetylation in autophagy
    • Hamai A, Codogno P. New targets for acetylation in autophagy. Sci Signal 2012;5:pe29
    • (2012) Sci Signal , vol.5
    • Hamai, A.1    Codogno, P.2
  • 130
    • 79958167078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functions of autophagy in hepatic and pancreatic physiology and disease
    • Czaja MJ. Functions of autophagy in hepatic and pancreatic physiology and disease. Gastroenterology 2011;140:1895-908
    • (2011) Gastroenterology , vol.140 , pp. 1895-1908
    • Czaja, M.J.1
  • 131
    • 80052801111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease
    • Nemchenko A, Chiong M, Turer A, et al. Autophagy as a therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011;51:584-93
    • (2011) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.51 , pp. 584-593
    • Nemchenko, A.1    Chiong, M.2    Turer, A.3
  • 132
    • 77952626944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in health and disease. 3. Involvement of autophagy in muscle atrophy
    • Sandri M. Autophagy in health and disease. 3. Involvement of autophagy in muscle atrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010;298:C1291-7
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.298
    • Sandri, M.1
  • 133
    • 77951464621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in health and disease. 2. Regulation of lipid metabolism and storage by autophagy: Pathophysiological implications
    • Czaja MJ. Autophagy in health and disease. 2. Regulation of lipid metabolism and storage by autophagy: Pathophysiological implications. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010;298:C973-8
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.298
    • Czaja, M.J.1
  • 135
    • 77953799916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in health and disease. 4. The role of pancreatic beta-cell autophagyin health and diabetes
    • Fujitani Y, Ueno T, Watada H. Autophagy in health and disease. 4. The role of pancreatic beta-cell autophagyin health and diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2010;299:C1-6
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.299
    • Fujitani, Y.1    Ueno, T.2    Watada, H.3
  • 136
    • 78751672975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in immunity and inflammation
    • Levine B, Mizushima N, Virgin HW. Autophagy in immunity and inflammation. Nature 2011;469:323-35
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , pp. 323-335
    • Levine, B.1    Mizushima, N.2    Virgin, H.W.3
  • 137
    • 84865463943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yeda Research Development Co Ltd. Compositions And Methods For Diagnosing And Treating Cancer And Neurodegenerative Diseases Related To Beclin-1
    • Yeda Research and Development Co Ltd. Compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating cancer and neurodegenerative diseases related to Beclin-1. WO2010064250; 2010
    • (2010) WO2010064250
  • 138
    • 84865497012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • University of Rochester. Methods and compositions related to modulating autophagy
    • University of Rochester. Methods and compositions related to modulating autophagy. WO2011146879; 2011
    • (2011) WO2011146879
  • 139
    • 84872889832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [Available FromLast accessed 17 July 2012]
    • Available from: Http://www.bioncotech. com/es/ [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
  • 140
    • 84872882626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • Available from: Http://www.rugacorp. com/Pipeline.html [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
  • 141
    • 84863116629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Class III PI3K Vps34 plays an essential role in autophagy and in heart and liver function
    • Jaber N, Dou Z, Chen JS, et al. Class III PI3K Vps34 plays an essential role in autophagy and in heart and liver function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2012;109:2003-8
    • (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.109 , pp. 2003-2008
    • Jaber, N.1    Dou, Z.2    Chen, J.S.3
  • 142
    • 84856249448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How phosphoinositide 3-phosphate controls growth downstream of amino acids and autophagy downstream of amino acid withdrawal
    • Ktistakis NT, Manifava M, Schoenfelder P, Rotondo S. How phosphoinositide 3-phosphate controls growth downstream of amino acids and autophagy downstream of amino acid withdrawal. Biochem Soc Trans 2012;40:37-43
    • (2012) Biochem Soc Trans , vol.40 , pp. 37-43
    • Ktistakis, N.T.1    Manifava, M.2    Schoenfelder, P.3    Rotondo, S.4
  • 143
    • 84872888615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting Kinases Regulating Sensitivity To Anti-estrogens And Autophagy. Available From: [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • Cosford N. Targeting kinases regulating sensitivity to anti-estrogens and autophagy. Available from: Http:// sanfordburnham.flintbox.com/public/project/ 19714/ [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • Cosford, N.1
  • 144
    • 84872887455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel assays and inhibitors of the key autophagy protease
    • 16-20 February 2012. Vancouver, Canada. Available from: [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • Young RN, Arns S, Gorski SM, et al. Novel assays and inhibitors of the key autophagy protease. AAAS Annual Meeting 16-20 February 2012. Vancouver, Canada. Available from: Http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2012/ webprogram/Paper6715. html [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • AAAS Annual Meeting
    • Young, R.N.1    Arns, S.2    Gorski, S.M.3
  • 145
    • 80555144181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural basis of Atg8 activation by a homodimeric E1, Atg7
    • Noda NN, Satoo K, Fujioka Y, et al. Structural basis of Atg8 activation by a homodimeric E1, Atg7. Mol Cell 2011;44:462-75
    • (2011) Mol Cell , vol.44 , pp. 462-475
    • Noda, N.N.1    Satoo, K.2    Fujioka, Y.3
  • 146
    • 80555144189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atg8 transfer from Atg7 to Atg3: A distinctive E1-E2 architecture and mechanism in the autophagy pathway
    • Taherbhoy AM, Tait SW, Kaiser SE, et al. Atg8 transfer from Atg7 to Atg3: A distinctive E1-E2 architecture and mechanism in the autophagy pathway. Mol Cell 2011;44:451-61
    • (2011) Mol Cell , vol.44 , pp. 451-461
    • Taherbhoy, A.M.1    Tait, S.W.2    Kaiser, S.E.3
  • 147
    • 84872880672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy research: An industrial perspective
    • 16-20 February 2012. Vancouver, Canada. Available from: [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • D'Amore N. Autophagy research: An industrial perspective. AAAS Annual Meeting 16-20 February 2012. Vancouver, Canada. Available from: Http://aaas.confex.com/aaas/2012/ webprogram/Paper6616.html [Last accessed 17 July 2012]
    • AAAS Annual Meeting
    • D'Amore, N.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.