Molecular hydrogen and radiation protection

Free Radical Research

Volumn 46, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1061-1067

  Chuai, Yunhai ^a,b   Qian, Liren ^a,b   Sun, Xuejun ^a   Cai, Jianming ^a  

^a SECOND MILITARY MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b NAVY GENERAL HOSPITAL   (China)

Author keywords

Hydrogen; Hydroxyl radical; Ionising radiation; Radioprotectant

Indexed keywords

AMIFOSTINE; ANTIOXIDANT; HYDROGEN; HYDROXYL RADICAL; MOLECULAR HYDROGEN; PEROXYNITRITE; RADIOPROTECTIVE AGENT; TEMPOL; THIOL DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; BRAIN INFARCTION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CYTOTOXICITY; DRUG EFFICACY; ENERGY TRANSFER; HUMAN; IONIZING RADIATION; IRRADIATION; LIVER TUMOR; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; QUALITY OF LIFE; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION PROTECTION; RADIOBIOLOGY; RADIOLYSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; HUMANS; HYDROGEN; HYDROXYL RADICAL; LIVER NEOPLASMS; PEROXYNITROUS ACID; RADIATION-PROTECTIVE AGENTS;

ANIMALIA; MUS;

EID: 84864709546     PISSN: 10715762     EISSN: 10292470     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.689429     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Hong SK, Bennett PB, Shiraki K, Lin YC, Claybaugh Jr. Mixed-gas saturation diving. Comp Physiol 2011;1023-1045.
2. Fontanari P, Badier M, Guillot C, Tomei C, Burnet H, Gardette B, Jammes Y. Changes in maximal performance of inspiratory and skeletal muscles during and after the 7.1-MPa Hydra 10 record human dive. Eur J Appl Physiol 2000;81:325-328. (Pubitemid 30189955)
3. Dole M, Wilson FR, Fife WP. Hyperbaric hydrogen therapy: a possible treatment for cancer. Science 1975;190:152-154.
4. Buxton GV, Greenstock CL, Helman WP, Ross AB. Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem 1988;513-886.
5. Kayar SR, Axley MJ, Homer LD, Harabin AL. Hydrogen gas is not oxidized by mammalian tissues under hyperbaric con-ditions. Undersea Hyperb Med 1994;21:265-275.
6. Gharib B, Hanna S, Abdallahi OM, Lepidi H, Gardette B, De Reggi M. Anti-infl ammatory properties of molecular hydro-gen: investigation on parasite-induced liver infl ammation. C R Acad Sci III 2001;324:719-724. (Pubitemid 32707449)
7. Ohsawa I, Ishikawa M, Takahashi K, Watanabe M, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, et al. Hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxi-dant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. Nat Med 2007;13:688-694. (Pubitemid 46889750)
8. Wood KC, Gladwin MT. The hydrogen highway to reperfusion therapy. Nat Med 2007;13:673-674. (Pubitemid 46889746)
9. Chuai Y, Zhao L, Ni J, Sun D, Cui J, Li B, et al. A possible prevention strategy of radiation pneumonitis: combine radio-therapy with aerosol inhalation of hydrogen-rich solution. Med Sci Monit 2011;17:HY1-HY4.
10. Murad F. Discovery of some of the biological effects of nitric oxide and its role in cell signaling. Biosci Rep 2004;24:452-474.
11. Sauer H, Wartenberg M, Hescheler J. Reactive oxygen species as intracellular messengers during cell growth and differentiation. Cell Physiol Biochem 2001;11:173-186. (Pubitemid 32786086)
12. Liu H, Colavitti R, Rovira II, Finkel T. Redox-dependent transcriptional regulation. Circ Res 2005;97:967-974. (Pubitemid 41668909)
13. Winterbourn CC. Biological reactivity and biomarkers of the neutrophil oxidant, hypochlorous acid. Toxicology 2002;181: 223-227. (Pubitemid 36015703)
14. Fukuda K, Asoh S, Ishikawa M, Yamamoto Y, Ohsawa I, Ohta S. Inhalation of hydrogen gas suppresses hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through reducing oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;361:670-674. (Pubitemid 47238041)
15. Cai J, Kang Z, Liu K, Liu W, Li R, Zhang JH, et al. Neuropro-tective effects of hydrogen saline in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model. Brain Res 2009;1256:129-137.
16. Chen H, Sun YP, Hu PF, Liu WW, Xiang HG, Li Y, et al. The effects of hydrogen-rich saline on the contractile and structural changes of intestine induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res 2011;167:316-322.
17. Sun Q, Kang Z, Cai J, Liu W, Liu Y, Zhang JH, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects myocardium against ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2009;234:1212-1219.
18. Nakao A, Kaczorowski DJ, Wang Y, Cardinal JS, Buchholz BM, Sugimoto R, et al. Amelioration of rat cardiac cold ischemia/ reperfusion injury with inhaled hydrogen or carbon monoxide, or both. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:544-553.
19. Oharazawa H, Igarashi T, Yokota T, Fujii H, Suzuki H, Machide M, et al. Protection of the retina by rapid diffusion of hydrogen: administration of hydrogen-loaded eye drops in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010;51: 487-492.
20. Chen CH, Manaenko A, Zhan Y, Liu WW, Ostrowki RP, Tang J, Zhang JH. Hydrogen gas reduced acute hyperglycemia-enhanced hemorrhagic transformation in a focal ischemia rat model. Neuroscience 2010;169:402-414.
21. Hayashida K, Sano M, Ohsawa I, Shinmura K, Tamaki K, Kimura K, et al. Inhalation of hydrogen gas reduces infarct size in the rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008;373:30-35.
22. Shingu C, Koga H, Hagiwara S, Matsumoto S, Goto K, Yokoi I, Noguchi T. Hydrogen-rich saline solution attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Anesth 2010;24:569-574.
23. Buchholz BM, Masutani K, Kawamura T, Peng X, Toyoda Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen-enriched preservation protects the isogeneic intestinal graft and amends recipient gastric function during transplantation. Transplantation 2011;92:985-92.
24. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Peng X, Masutani K, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. The effect of donor treatment with hydrogen on lung allograft function in rats. Surgery 2011;150:240-249.
25. Kawamura T, Huang CS, Tochigi N, Lee S, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of lung transplant-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation 2010;90:1344-1351.
26. Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Yang R, Wang Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant 2008;8:2015-2024.
27. Matsushita T, Kusakabe Y, Kitamura A, Okada S, Murase K. Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygenation level-dependent MR imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci 2011;10: 169-176.
28. Matsushita T, Kusakabe Y, Kitamura A, Okada S, Murase K. Investigation of protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygena-tion level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging. Jpn J Radiol 2011;29:503-512.
29. Kitamura A, Kobayashi S, Matsushita T, Fujinawa H, Murase K. Experimental verifi cation of protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. Br J Radiol 2010;83:509-514.
30. Nakashima-Kamimura N, Mori T, Ohsawa I, Asoh S, Ohta S. Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009;64:753-761.
31. Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Nabika T, Tsuchikura S, Daimaru C, Shido O. Effects of hydrogen-rich water on abnormalities in SHR.Cg-Lepr(cp)/NDmcr rat-a metabolic syndrome model rat. Clin Exp Hypertens 2011;33:17.
32. Kyota F, Yusaku N, Mami N. Therapeutic effects of hydrogen in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Dis 2011; 2011:307875.
33. Sun Q, Cai J, Zhou J, Tao H, Zhang J, Zhang W, Sun X. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces delayed neurologic sequelae in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity. Crit Care Med 2011;39: 765-769.
34. Fujita K, Seike T, Yutsudo N, Ohno M, Yamada H, Yamaguchi H, et al. Hydrogen in drinking water reduces dopaminergic neuronal loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2009;4:e7247.
35. Fu Y, Ito M, Fujita Y, Ito M, Ichihara M, Masuda A, et al. Molecular hydrogen is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2009;453:81-85.
36. Xie K, Yu Y, Pei Y, Hou L, Chen S, Xiong L, Wang G. Protective effects of hydrogen gas on murine polymicrobial sepsis via reducing oxidative stress and HMGB1 release. Shock 2010;34: 90-97.
37. Liu Q, Shen WF, Sun HY, Fan DF, Nakao A, Cai JM, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against liver injury in rats with obstructive jaundice. Liver Int 2010;30:958-968.
38. Chen H, Sun YP, Li Y, Liu WW, Xiang HG, Fan LY, Sun Q, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the severity of l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Com-mun 2010;393:308-313.
39. Kajiya M, Silva MJ, Sato K, Ouhara K, Kawai T. Hydrogen mediates suppression of colon infl ammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009;386: 11-15.
40. Kajiya M, Sato K, Silva MJ, Ouhara K, Do PM, Shanmugam KT, Kawai T. Hydrogen from intestinal bacteria is protective for Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009;386:316-321.
41. Kenta K, Takaaki T, Daisuke E, Naofumi T, Tetsuji A, Koichiro I, et al. Hydrogen-rich water attenuates experimental periodon-titis in a rat model. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38:1085-90.
42. Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Huang Y, Zhou X, Liu S, Cai J. Radio-protective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice. Free Radic Res 2010;44:275-282.
43. Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Chuai Y, et al. The potential cardioprotective effects of hydrogenin irradiated mice. J Radiat Res 2010;51:741-747.
44. Qian L, Li B, Cao F, Huang Y, Liu S, Cai J, Gao F Hydrogen-rich PBS protects cultured human cells from ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage. Nucl Technol Radiat Prot 2010;1: 23-29.
45. Terasaki Y, Ohsawa I, Terasaki M, Takahashi M, Kunugi S, Dedong K, et al. Hydrogen therapy attenuates irradiation-induced lung damage by reducing oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2011;301:L415-26.
46. Ni XX, Cai ZY, Fan DF, Liu Y, Zhang RJ, Liu SL, et al. Protec-tive effect of hydrogen-rich saline on decompression sickness in rats. Aviat Space Environ Med 2011;82:604-609.
47. Yang X, Guo L, Sun X, Chen X, Tong X. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in preeclampsia rat model. Placenta 2011;32:681-686.
48. Fujita R, Tanaka Y, Saihara Y, Yamakita M, Ando D, Koyama K. Effect of molecular hydrogen saturated alkaline electrolyzed water on disuse muscle atrophy in gastrocnemius muscle. J Physiol Anthropol 2011;30:195-201.
49. Kajiyama S, Hasegawa G, Asano M, Hosoda H, Fukui M, Nakamura N, et al. Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutr Res 2008;28: 137-143. (Pubitemid 351452069)
50. Nakayama M, Nakano H, Hamada H, Itami N, Nakazawa R, Ito S. A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H 2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2010;25:3026-3033.
51. Nakao A, Toyoda Y, Sharma P, Evans M, Guthrie N. Effective- ness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2010;46:140-149.
52. Kang K, Kang Y, Choi I, Gu Y, Kawamura T, Toyoda Y, Nakao A. Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors. Med Gas Res 2011;1:11.
53. Ito M, Ibi T, Sahashi K, Ichihara M, Ito M, Ohno K. Open- label trial and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of hydrogen-enriched water for mitochondrial and infl ammatory myopathies. Med Gas Res 2011;1:24.
54. Strocchi A, Levitt MD. Maintaining intestinal H 2 balance: credit the colonic bacteria. Gastroenterology 1992;102:1424-1426.
55. Maffei HV, Metz G, Bampoe V, Shiner M, Herman S, Brook CG. Lactose intolerance, detected by the hydrogen breath test, in infants and children with chronic diarrhoea. Arch Dis Child 1977;52:766-771. (Pubitemid 8218797)
56. Liu S, Sun Q, Tao H, Sun X. Oral administration of mannitol may be an effective treatment for ischemia-reperfusion injury. Med Hypotheses 2010;75:620-622.
57. Olson JW, Maier RJ. Molecular hydrogen as an energy source for Helicobacter pylori. Science 2002;298:1788-1790. (Pubitemid 35404122)
58. Zhang W, Cai J, Kang Z, Sun X. Medical application of hydro- gen molecule: recent progress. Acad J Sec Mil Med Univ 2009;30:1203-1205.
59. Nishimura N, Tanabe H, Sasaki Y, Makita Y, Ohata M, Yokoyama S, et al. Pectin and high-amylose maize starch increase caecal hydrogen production and relieve hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Br J Nutr 2011;15:1-8.
60. Suzuki Y, Sano M, Hayashida K, Ohsawa I, Ohta S, Fukuda K. Are the effects of a-glucosidase inhibitors on cardiovascular events related to elevated levels of hydrogen gas in the gastroin- testinal tract? FEBS Lett 2009;583:2157-2159.
61. Shimouchi A, Nose K, Takaoka M, Hayashi H, Kondo T Effect of dietary turmeric on breath hydrogen. Dig Dis Sci 2009;54: 1725-1729.
62. Thauer RK, Jungermann K, Decker K. Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 1977;41: 100-180. (Pubitemid 8082287)
63. Blaut M. Metabolism of methanogens. Antonie Van Leeuwen- hoek 1994;66:187-208.
64. Levitt MD, Bond JH, Jr. Volume, composition, and source of intestinal gas. Gastroenterology 1970;59:921-929.
65. Shimouchi A, Nose K. Changes in hydrogen gas release from the skin during inhalation of hydrogen-rich air. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011;183:A1682.
66. Collinson E, Dainton FS, Kroh J. Effects of linear energy trans- fer on the radiolysis of water and heavy water. Nature 1960; 187:475-477.
67. Daniels M, Wigg E. Oxygen as a primary species in radiolysis of water. Science 1966;153:1533-1534.
68. Zirkle RE, Tobias CA. Effects of ploidy and linear energy trans- fer on radiobiological survival curves. Arch Biochem Biophys 1953;47:282-306.
69. Gong S, Sun P. Radiation medical English. Beijing, China Atomic Energy Press; 2006 July.
70. Ward JF. DNA damage produced by ionizing radiation in mammalian cells: identities, mechanisms of formation and repair- ability. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 1988;35:95-125.
71. Floyd RA. The role of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in carcino- genesis. Carcinogenesis 1990;11:1447-1450.
72. Breen AP, Murphy JA. Reactions of oxyl radicals with DNA. Free Radic Biol Med 1995;18:1033-1077.
73. Cadet J, Delatour T, Douki T, Gasparutto D, Pouget JP, Ravanat JL, Sauvaigo S. Hydroxyl radicals and DNA base damage. Mutat Res 1999;424:9-21. (Pubitemid 29101604)
74. Verma SP, Sonwalker N. Structural changes in plasma mem- branes prepared from irradiated Chinese hamster V79 cells as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Radiat Res 1991;126: 27-35.
75. Gusti AM, Raimondi M, Rahavan G. Human cell membrane oxidative damage induced by single and fractionated doses of ionizing radiation: a fl uorescence spectroscopy study. Int J Radiat Biol 1998;74:595-605. (Pubitemid 28539459)
76. Poh LR. An immunochemical approach of identifying and char- acterizing protein targets of toxic reactive metabolites. Chem Res Toxicol 1993;6:786-793.
77. Hosseinimehr SJ. Trends in the development of radioprotective agents. Drug Discov Today 2007;12:794-805. (Pubitemid 47539965)
78. Cassatt DR, Fazenbaker CA, Bachy CM, Hanson MS. Preclinical modeling of improved amifostine (ethyol) use in radiation therapy. Semin Radiat Oncol 2002;12:97-102. (Pubitemid 34246077)
79. Maisin Jr. Bacq and Alexander Award lecture-chemical radio- protection: past, present, and future prospects. Int J Radiat Biol 1998;73:443-450. (Pubitemid 28202118)
80. Held KD, Biaglow J. Mechanisms for the oxygen radical-medi- ated toxicity of various thiol-containing compounds in cultured mammalian cells. Radiat Res 1994;139:15-23. (Pubitemid 24230918)
81. Kouvaris JR, Kouloulias VE, Vlahos LJ. Amifostine: the fi rst selective-target and broad-spectrum radioprotector. Oncologist 2007;12:738-747. (Pubitemid 47036208)
82. Brown DQ, Pittock JW 3rd, Rubinstein JS. Early results of the screening program for radioprotectors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1982;8:565-570. (Pubitemid 12090582)
83. Koukourakis MI, Kyrias G, Kakolyris S, Kouroussis C, Frang- iadaki C, Giatromanolaki A, et al. Subcutaneous administration of amifostine during fractionated radiotherapy: a randomized phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2000;18:2226-2233. (Pubitemid 30350214)
84. Holland J. New treatment modulation in radiation therapy. J Infus Nurs 2001;24:95-101. (Pubitemid 32230267)
85. Vujaskovic Z, Batinic-Haberle I, Rabbani ZN, Feng QF, Kang SK, Spasojevic I, et al. A small molecular weight catalytic met- alloporphyrin antioxidant with superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic properties protects lungs from radiation-induced injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;33:857-863. (Pubitemid 35232320)
86. Emami S, Hosseinimehr SJ, Taghdisi SM, Akhlaghpoor S. Kojic acid and its manganese and zinc complexes as potential radioprotective agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007;17: 45-48. (Pubitemid 44959989)
87. Hahn SM, Krishna MC, DeLuca AM, Coffi n D, Mitchell JB. Evaluation of the hydroxylamine Tempol-H as an in vivo radio- protector. Free Radic Biol Med 2000;28:953-958. (Pubitemid 30235169)
88. Keithahn C, Lerchl A. 5-Hydroxytryptophan is a more potent in vitro hydroxyl radical scavenger than melatonin or vitamin C. J Pineal Res 2005;38:62-66. (Pubitemid 40139311)
89. Shimoi K, Masuda S, Furugori M, Esaki S, Kinae N. Radio-protective effect of antioxidative fl avonoids in gamma-ray irradiated mice. Carcinogenesis 1994;15:2669-2672. (Pubitemid 24343710)
90. Weiss J, Landauer M. Radioprotection by antioxidants. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000;899:44-60. (Pubitemid 30352775)
91. Herodin F, Drouet M. Cytokine-based treatment of acciden-tally irradiated victims and new approaches. Exp Hematol 2005;33:1071-1080. (Pubitemid 41416954)
92. Baliga MS, Rao S. Radioprotective potential of mint: a brief review. J Cancer Res Ther 2010;6:255-262.
93. Jagetia GC. Radioprotective potential of plants and herbs against the effects of ionizing radiation. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007;40:74-81. (Pubitemid 46623808)
94. Yang Y, Li B, Liu C, Chuai Y, Lei J, Gao F, Cui J, Sun D, Cheng Y, Zhou C, Cai J. Hydrogen-rich saline protects immunocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2012;18: BR144-148
95. Chuai Y, Gao F, Li B, Zhao L, Qian L, Cao F, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates radiation-induced male germ cell loss in mice through reducing hydroxyl radicals. Biochem J 2011. doi:10.1042/BJ20111786.
96. Nagata K, Nakashima-Kamimura N, Mikami T, Ohsawa I, Ohta S. Consumption of molecular hydrogen prevents the stress-induced impairments in hippocampus-dependent learning tasks during chronic physical restraint in mice. Neuropsychop-harmacol 2009;2:501-508.
97. Cardinal JS, Zhan J, Wang Y, Sugimoto R, Tsung A, McCurry KR, et al. Oral hydrogen water prevents chronic allograft nephropathy in rats. Kidney Int 2010;77:101-109.
98. Sun H, Chen L, Zhou W, Hu L, Li L, Tu Q, et al. The protective role of hydrogen-rich saline in experimental liver injury in mice. J Hepatol 2011;54:471-480.
99. Chuai Y, Shen J, Qian L, Wang Y, Huang Y, Gao F, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects spermatogenesis and hematopoiesis in irradiated BALB/c mice. Med Sci Monit 2012;18:BR89-94.
100. Hong Y, Chen S, Zhang JM. Hydrogen as a selective antioxidant: a review of clinical and experimental studies. J Int Med Res 2010;38:1893-1903.
101. Huang CS, Kawamura T, Toyoda Y, Nakao A. Recent advances in hydrogen research as a therapeutic medical gas. Free Radic Res 2010;44:971-982.
102. Itoh T, Fujita Y, Ito M, Masuda A, Ohno K, Ichihara M, et al. Molecular hydrogen suppresses FcepsilonRI-mediated signal transduction and prevents degranulation of mast cells. Bio-chem Biophys Res Commun 2009;389:651-656.
103. Itoh T, Hamada N, Terazawa R, Ito M, Ohno K, Ichihara M, et al. Molecular hydrogen inhibits lipopolysaccharide/ interferon c-induced nitric oxide production through modulation of signal transduction in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011;411:143-149.
104. Nakai Y, Sato B, Ushiama S, Okada S, Abe K, Arai S. Hepatic oxidoreduction-related genes are upregulated by administration of hydrogen-saturated drinking water. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2011;75:774-776.