Bugs and drugs: Oncolytic virotherapy in combination with chemotherapy

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Volumn 13, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1817-1833

  Wennier, Sonia Tusell ^a   Liu, Jia ^a   McFadden, Grant ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Chemotherapy; Combination therapy; Oncolytic virus; Synergism; Virotherapy

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; CISPLATIN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR KINASE INHIBITOR; ERLOTINIB; FLUOROURACIL; GEMCITABINE; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; LONTUCIREV; ONCOLYTIC ADENOVIRUS; ONCOLYTIC HERPES VIRUS; ONCOLYTIC PARAMYXOVIRUS; ONCOLYTIC POXVIRUS; ONCOLYTIC REOVIRUS; ONCOLYTIC RHABDOVIRUS; ONCOLYTIC VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS; ONCOLYTIC VIRUS; PACLITAXEL; RAPAMYCIN; TAXANE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADENOVIRUS; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; CANCER CELL; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CORONAVIRUS; DNA CROSS LINKING; DRUG POTENTIATION; GALLBLADDER CANCER; GENE DIRECTED ENZYME PRODRUG THERAPY; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GLIOMA; HERPES VIRUS; HUMAN; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LUNG NON SMALL CELL CANCER; MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA; NONHUMAN; ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY; ORTHOMYXOVIRUS; OVARY CANCER; PANCREAS CANCER; PARAMYXOVIRUS; PARVOVIRUS; PICORNAVIRUS; POXVIRUS; PROSTATE CANCER; REOVIRUS; RETROVIRUS; RHABDOVIRUS; SARCOMA; TOGAVIRUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS; VIRAL GENE DELIVERY SYSTEM; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS STRAIN;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; ONCOLYTIC VIROTHERAPY; ONCOLYTIC VIRUSES;

EID: 84863549070     PISSN: 13892010     EISSN: 18734316     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920112800958850     Document Type: Article

References (213)

1. Goodman, L. S.; Wintrobe, M. M.; Dameshek, W.; Goodman, M. J.; Gilman, A.; McLennan, M. T., Landmark article Sept. 21, 1946: Nitrogen mustard therapy. Use of methyl-bis(beta-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride and tris(beta-chloroethyl)amine hydrochloride for Hodgkin's disease, lymphosarcoma, leukemia and certain allied and miscellaneous disorders. By Louis S. Goodman, Maxwell M. Wintrobe, William Dameshek, Morton J. Goodman, Alfred Gilman and Margaret T. McLennan. Jama. 1984, 251(17), 2255-61.
2. Farber, S.; Diamond, L. K., Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroylglutamic acid. N Engl J Med. 1948, 238(23), 787-93.
3. DeVita, V. T., Jr.; Chu, E., A history of cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Res. 2008, 68(21), 8643-53.
4. Kelly, E.; Russell, S. J., History of oncolytic viruses: genesis to genetic engineering. Mol Ther. 2007, 15(4), 651-9.
5. Garber, K., China approves world's first oncolytic virus therapy for cancer treatment. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006, 98(5), 298-300.
6. Ottolino-Perry, K.; Diallo, J. S.; Lichty, B. D.; Bell, J. C.; Andrea McCart, J., Intelligent design: combination therapy with oncolytic viruses. Mol Ther. 2010, 18(2), 251-63.
7. Kumar, S.; Gao, L.; Yeagy, B.; Reid, T., Virus combinations and chemotherapy for the treatment of human cancers. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2008, 10(4), 371-9.
8. Alvarez-Breckenridge, C.; Kaur, B.; Chiocca, E. A., Pharmacologic and chemical adjuvants in tumor virotherapy. Chem Rev. 2009, 109(7), 3125-40.
9. Grever, M. R. a. G., C.K., Principles of Chemotherapy: Toxicology by Organ System. In Cancer Medicine, 5th ed.; Bast, R. C., Kufe, D.W., Pollock, R.E., Weichselbaum, R.R., Holland, J.F., Frei, E., Gansler, T.S., Ed. BC Decker, Inc: 2000.
10. Morrow, C. S., Kenneth, H.C., Drug Resistance and its Clinical Circumvention. In Cancer Medicine, 5th ed.; Bast, R. C., Kufe, D.W., Pollock, R.E., Weichselbaum, R.R., Holland, J.F., Frei, E., Gansler, T.S., Ed. BC Decker, Inc.: 2000.
11. Chang, X. B., Molecular mechanism of ATP-dependent solute transport by multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. Methods Mol Biol. 2010, 596, 223-49.
12. Perez-Tomas, R., Multidrug resistance: retrospect and prospects in anti-cancer drug treatment. Curr Med Chem. 2006, 13(16), 1859-76.
13. Hait, W. N.; Hambley, T. W., Targeted cancer therapeutics. Cancer Res. 2009, 69(4), 1263-7; discussion 1267.
14. Millar, A. W.; Lynch, K. P., Rethinking clinical trials for cytostatic drugs. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003, 3(7), 540-5.
15. Hambley, T. W.; Hait, W. N., Is anticancer drug development heading in the right direction? Cancer Res. 2009, 69(4), 1259-62.
16. Prestwich, R. J.; Errington, F.; Diaz, R. M.; Pandha, H. S.; Harrington, K. J.; Melcher, A. A.; Vile, R. G., The case of oncolytic viruses versus the immune system: waiting on the judgment of Solomon. Hum Gene Ther. 2009, 20(10), 1119-32.
17. Prestwich, R. J.; Harrington, K. J.; Pandha, H. S.; Vile, R. G.; Melcher, A. A.; Errington, F., Oncolytic viruses: a novel form of immunotherapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2008, 8(10), 1581-8.
18. Fukazawa, T.; Matsuoka, J.; Yamatsuji, T.; Maeda, Y.; Durbin, M. L.; Naomoto, Y., Adenovirus-mediated cancer gene therapy and virotherapy (Review). Int J Mol Med. 25(1), 3-10.
19. Lichtenstein, D. L.; Wold, W. S., Experimental infections of humans with wild-type adenoviruses and with replication-competent adenovirus vectors: replication, safety, and transmission. Cancer Gene Ther. 2004, 11(12), 819-29.
20. Shen, Y.; Nemunaitis, J., Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) for cancer treatment. Cancer Gene Ther. 2006, 13(11), 975-92.
21. Kirn, D. H.; Thorne, S. H., Targeted and armed oncolytic poxviruses: a novel multi-mechanistic therapeutic class for cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2009, 9(1), 64-71.
22. Stanford, M. M.; McFadden, G., Myxoma virus and oncolytic virotherapy: a new biologic weapon in the war against cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2007, 7(9), 1415-25.
23. Rommelaere, J.; Cornelis, J. J., Antineoplastic activity of parvoviruses. J Virol Methods. 1991, 33(3), 233-51.
24. Verheije, M. H.; Lamfers, M. L.; Wurdinger, T.; Grinwis, G. C.; Gerritsen, W. R.; van Beusechem, V. W.; Rottier, P. J., Coronavirus genetically redirected to the epidermal growth factor receptor exhibits effective antitumor activity against a malignant glioblastoma. J Virol. 2009, 83(15), 7507-16.
25. Dobrikova, E. Y.; Broadt, T.; Poiley-Nelson, J.; Yang, X.; Soman, G.; Giardina, S.; Harris, R.; Gromeier, M., Recombinant oncolytic poliovirus eliminates glioma in vivo without genetic adaptation to a pathogenic phenotype. Mol Ther. 2008, 16(11), 1865-72.
26. Dalba, C.; Klatzmann, D.; Logg, C. R.; Kasahara, N., Beyond oncolytic virotherapy: replication-competent retrovirus vectors for selective and stable transduction of tumors. Curr Gene Ther. 2005, 5(6), 655-67.
27. Duerner, L. J.; Schwantes, A.; Schneider, I. C.; Cichutek, K.; Buchholz, C. J., Cell entry targeting restricts biodistribution of replication- competent retroviruses to tumour tissue. Gene Ther. 2008, 15(22), 1500-10.
28. Saito, K.; Uzawa, K.; Kasamatsu, A.; Shinozuka, K.; Sakuma, K.; Yamatoji, M.; Shiiba, M.; Shino, Y.; Shirasawa, H.; Tanzawa, H., Oncolytic activity of Sindbis virus in human oral squamous carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer. 2009, 101(4), 684-90.
29. Hale, B. G.; Randall, R. E.; Ortin, J.; Jackson, D., The multifunctional NS1 protein of influenza A viruses. J Gen Virol. 2008, 89(Pt 10), 2359-76.
30. Russell, S. J.; Peng, K. W., Measles virus for cancer therapy. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2009, 330, 213-41.
31. Bar-Eli, N.; Giloh, H.; Schlesinger, M.; Zakay-Rones, Z., Preferential cytotoxic effect of Newcastle disease virus on lymphoma cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1996, 122(7), 409-15.
32. Barber, G. N., VSV-tumor selective replication and protein translation. Oncogene. 2005, 24(52), 7710-9.
33. Van Den Wollenberg, D. J.; Van Den Hengel, S. K.; Dautzenberg, I. J.; Kranenburg, O.; Hoeben, R. C., Modification of mammalian reoviruses for use as oncolytic agents. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2009, 9(12), 1509-20.
34. Russell, S. J.; Peng, K. W., Viruses as anticancer drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2007, 28(7), 326-33.
35. Figova, K.; Hrabeta, J.; Eckschlager, T., Reovirus - possible therapy of cancer. Neoplasma. 2006, 53(6), 457-62.
36. Liu, T. C.; Kirn, D., Gene therapy progress and prospects cancer: oncolytic viruses. Gene Ther. 2008, 15(12), 877-84.
37. Wang, G.; Barrett, J. W.; Stanford, M.; Werden, S. J.; Johnston, J. B.; Gao, X.; Sun, M.; Cheng, J. Q.; McFadden, G., Infection of human cancer cells with myxoma virus requires Akt activation via interaction with a viral ankyrin-repeat host range factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006, 103(12), 4640-5.
38. Anderson, B. D.; Nakamura, T.; Russell, S. J.; Peng, K. W., High CD46 receptor density determines preferential killing of tumor cells by oncolytic measles virus. Cancer Res. 2004, 64(14), 4919-26.
39. Hasegawa, K.; Nakamura, T.; Harvey, M.; Ikeda, Y.; Oberg, A.; Figini, M.; Canevari, S.; Hartmann, L. C.; Peng, K. W., The use of a tropism-modified measles virus in folate receptor-targeted virotherapy of ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2006, 12(20 Pt 1), 6170-8.
40. Li, Y.; Yu, D. C.; Chen, Y.; Amin, P.; Zhang, H.; Nguyen, N.; Henderson, D. R., A hepatocellular carcinoma-specific adenovirus variant, CV890, eliminates distant human liver tumors in combination with doxorubicin. Cancer Res. 2001, 61(17), 6428-36.
41. Mahller, Y. Y.; Williams, J. P.; Baird, W. H.; Mitton, B.; Grossheim, J.; Saeki, Y.; Cancelas, J. A.; Ratner, N.; Cripe, T. P., Neuroblastoma cell lines contain pluripotent tumor initiating cells that are susceptible to a targeted oncolytic virus. PLoS One. 2009, 4(1), e4235.
42. Cripe, T. P.; Wang, P. Y.; Marcato, P.; Mahller, Y. Y.; Lee, P. W., Targeting cancer-initiating cells with oncolytic viruses. Mol Ther. 2009, 17(10), 1677-82.
43. Aghi, M. K.; Liu, T. C.; Rabkin, S.; Martuza, R. L., Hypoxia enhances the replication of oncolytic herpes simplex virus. Mol Ther. 2009, 17(1), 51-6.
44. Hiley, C. T.; Yuan, M.; Lemoine, N. R.; Wang, Y., Lister strain vaccinia virus, a potential therapeutic vector targeting hypoxic tumours. Gene Ther. 2010, 17(2), 281-7.
45. Worschech, A.; Haddad, D.; Stroncek, D. F.; Wang, E.; Marincola, F. M.; Szalay, A. A., The immunologic aspects of poxvirus oncolytic therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2009, 58(9), 1355-62.
46. Chiocca, E. A., The host response to cancer virotherapy. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2008, 10(1), 38-45.
47. White, C. L.; Twigger, K. R.; Vidal, L.; De Bono, J. S.; Coffey, M.; Heinemann, L.; Morgan, R.; Merrick, A.; Errington, F.; Vile, R. G.; Melcher, A. A.; Pandha, H. S.; Harrington, K. J., Characterization of the adaptive and innate immune response to intravenous oncolytic reovirus (Dearing type 3) during a phase I clinical trial. Gene Ther. 2008, 15(12), 911-20.
48. Power, A. T.; Bell, J. C., Taming the Trojan horse: optimizing dynamic carrier cell/oncolytic virus systems for cancer biotherapy. Gene Ther. 2008, 15(10), 772-9.
49. Munguia, A.; Ota, T.; Miest, T.; Russell, S. J., Cell carriers to deliver oncolytic viruses to sites of myeloma tumor growth. Gene Ther. 2008, 15(10), 797-806.
50. Power, A. T.; Bell, J. C., Cell-based delivery of oncolytic viruses: a new strategic alliance for a biological strike against cancer. Mol Ther. 2007, 15(4), 660-5.
51. Raykov, Z.; Rommelaere, J., Potential of tumour cells for delivering oncolytic viruses. Gene Ther. 2008, 15(10), 704-10.
52. Willmon, C.; Harrington, K.; Kottke, T.; Prestwich, R.; Melcher, A.; Vile, R., Cell carriers for oncolytic viruses: Fed Ex for cancer therapy. Mol Ther. 2009, 17(10), 1667-76.
53. Chang, C. L.; Ma, B.; Pang, X.; Wu, T. C.; Hung, C. F., Treatment with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors enables repeated administration of vaccinia virus for control of ovarian cancer. Mol Ther. 2009, 17(8), 1365-72.
54. Ikeda, K.; Wakimoto, H.; Ichikawa, T.; Jhung, S.; Hochberg, F. H.; Louis, D. N.; Chiocca, E. A., Complement depletion facilitates the infection of multiple brain tumors by an intravascular, replicationconditional herpes simplex virus mutant. J Virol. 2000, 74(10), 4765-75.
55. Liu, T. C.; Galanis, E.; Kirn, D., Clinical trial results with oncolytic virotherapy: a century of promise, a decade of progress. Nat Clin Pract Oncol. 2007, 4(2), 101-17.
56. Welch, S. A.; Moore, M. J., Combination chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer: time to raise the white flag? J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25(16), 2159-61.
57. Khuri, F. R.; Nemunaitis, J.; Ganly, I.; Arseneau, J.; Tannock, I. F.; Romel, L.; Gore, M.; Ironside, J.; MacDougall, R. H.; Heise, C.; Randlev, B.; Gillenwater, A. M.; Bruso, P.; Kaye, S. B.; Hong, W. K.; Kirn, D. H., a controlled trial of intratumoral ONYX-015, a selectively- replicating adenovirus, in combination with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in patients with recurrent head and neck cancer. Nat Med. 2000, 6(8), 879-85.
58. Xia, Z. J.; Chang, J. H.; Zhang, L.; Jiang, W. Q.; Guan, Z. Z.; Liu, J. W.; Zhang, Y.; Hu, X. H.; Wu, G. H.; Wang, H. Q.; Chen, Z. C.; Chen, J. C.; Zhou, Q. H.; Lu, J. W.; Fan, Q. X.; Huang, J. J.; Zheng, X., [Phase III randomized clinical trial of intratumoral injection of E1B gene-deleted adenovirus (H101) combined with cisplatin- based chemotherapy in treating squamous cell cancer of head and neck or esophagus.]. Ai Zheng. 2004, 23(12), 1666-70.
59. Colvin, D., Alkylating Agents and Platinum Antitumor Compounds. In Cancer Medicine, 5th ed.; Bast, R. C., Kufe, D.W., Pollock, R.E., Weichselbaum, R.R., Holland, J.F., Frei, E., Gansler, T.S., Ed. BC Decker, Inc.: 2000.
60. Brode, S.; Cooke, A., Immune-potentiating effects of the chemotherapeutic drug cyclophosphamide. Crit Rev Immunol. 2008, 28(2), 109-26.
61. Emadi, A.; Jones, R. J.; Brodsky, R. A., Cyclophosphamide and cancer: golden anniversary. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2009, 6(11), 638-47.
62. Winkelstein, A., Mechanisms of immunosuppression: effects of cyclophosphamide on cellular immunity. Blood. 1973, 41(2), 273-84.
63. Fulci, G.; Breymann, L.; Gianni, D.; Kurozomi, K.; Rhee, S. S.; Yu, J.; Kaur, B.; Louis, D. N.; Weissleder, R.; Caligiuri, M. A.; Chiocca, E. A., Cyclophosphamide enhances glioma virotherapy by inhibiting innate immune responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006, 103(34), 12873-8.
64. Ikeda, K.; Ichikawa, T.; Wakimoto, H.; Silver, J. S.; Deisboeck, T. S.; Finkelstein, D.; Harsh, G. R. t.; Louis, D. N.; Bartus, R. T.; Hochberg, F. H.; Chiocca, E. A., Oncolytic virus therapy of multiple tumors in the brain requires suppression of innate and elicited antiviral responses. Nat Med. 1999, 5(8), 881-7.
65. Lun, X. Q.; Jang, J. H.; Tang, N.; Deng, H.; Head, R.; Bell, J. C.; Stojdl, D. F.; Nutt, C. L.; Senger, D. L.; Forsyth, P. A.; McCart, J. A., Efficacy of systemically administered oncolytic vaccinia virotherapy for malignant gliomas is enhanced by combination therapy with rapamycin or cyclophosphamide. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15(8), 2777-88.
66. Li, H.; Zeng, Z.; Fu, X.; Zhang, X., Coadministration of a herpes simplex virus-2 based oncolytic virus and cyclophosphamide produces a synergistic antitumor effect and enhances tumor-specific immune responses. Cancer Res. 2007, 67(16), 7850-5.
67. Kottke, T.; Thompson, J.; Diaz, R. M.; Pulido, J.; Willmon, C.; Coffey, M.; Selby, P.; Melcher, A.; Harrington, K.; Vile, R. G., Improved systemic delivery of oncolytic reovirus to established tumors using preconditioning with cyclophosphamide-mediated Treg modulation and interleukin-2. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15(2), 561-9.
68. Thomas, M. A.; Spencer, J. F.; Toth, K.; Sagartz, J. E.; Phillips, N. J.; Wold, W. S., Immunosuppression enhances oncolytic adenovirus replication and antitumor efficacy in the Syrian hamster model. Mol Ther. 2008, 16(10), 1665-73.
69. Ungerechts, G.; Springfeld, C.; Frenzke, M. E.; Lampe, J.; Parker, W. B.; Sorscher, E. J.; Cattaneo, R., An immunocompetent murine model for oncolysis with an armed and targeted measles virus. Mol Ther. 2007, 15(11), 1991-7.
70. Myers, R. M.; Greiner, S. M.; Harvey, M. E.; Griesmann, G.; Kuffel, M. J.; Buhrow, S. A.; Reid, J. M.; Federspiel, M.; Ames, M. M.; Dingli, D.; Schweikart, K.; Welch, A.; Dispenzieri, A.; Peng, K. W.; Russell, S. J., Preclinical pharmacology and toxicology of intravenous MV-NIS, an oncolytic measles virus administered with or without cyclophosphamide. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007, 82(6), 700-10.
71. Wakimoto, H.; Fulci, G.; Tyminski, E.; Chiocca, E. A., Altered expression of antiviral cytokine mRNAs associated with cyclophosphamide's enhancement of viral oncolysis. Gene Ther. 2004, 11(2), 214-23.
72. Qiao, J.; Wang, H.; Kottke, T.; White, C.; Twigger, K.; Diaz, R. M.; Thompson, J.; Selby, P.; de Bono, J.; Melcher, A.; Pandha, H.; Coffey, M.; Vile, R.; Harrington, K., Cyclophosphamide facilitates antitumor efficacy against subcutaneous tumors following intravenous delivery of reovirus. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14(1), 259-69.
73. Kambara, H.; Saeki, Y.; Chiocca, E. A., Cyclophosphamide allows for in vivo dose reduction of a potent oncolytic virus. Cancer Res. 2005, 65(24), 11255-8.
74. Ghiringhelli, F.; Larmonier, N.; Schmitt, E.; Parcellier, A.; Cathelin, D.; Garrido, C.; Chauffert, B.; Solary, E.; Bonnotte, B.; Martin, F., CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells suppress tumor immunity but are sensitive to cyclophosphamide which allows immunotherapy of established tumors to be curative. Eur J Immunol. 2004, 34(2), 336-44.
75. Ghiringhelli, F.; Menard, C.; Puig, P. E.; Ladoire, S.; Roux, S.; Martin, F.; Solary, E.; Le Cesne, A.; Zitvogel, L.; Chauffert, B., Metronomic cyclophosphamide regimen selectively depletes CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells and restores T and NK effector functions in end stage cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007, 56(5), 641-8.
76. Higby, D. J.; Wallace, H. J., Jr.; Albert, D. J.; Holland, J. F., Diaminodichloroplatinum: a phase I study showing responses in testicular and other tumors. Cancer. 1974, 33(5), 1219-5.
77. Pandha, H. S.; Heinemann, L.; Simpson, G. R.; Melcher, A.; Prestwich, R.; Errington, F.; Coffey, M.; Harrington, K. J.; Morgan, R., Synergistic effects of oncolytic reovirus and cisplatin chemotherapy in murine malignant melanoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15(19), 6158-66.
78. Sei, S.; Mussio, J. K.; Yang, Q. E.; Nagashima, K.; Parchment, R. E.; Coffey, M. C.; Shoemaker, R. H.; Tomaszewski, J. E., Synergistic antitumor activity of oncolytic reovirus and chemotherapeutic agents in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer. 2009, 8, 47.
79. Yu, Y. A.; Galanis, C.; Woo, Y.; Chen, N.; Zhang, Q.; Fong, Y.; Szalay, A. A., Regression of human pancreatic tumor xenografts in mice after a single systemic injection of recombinant vaccinia virus GLV-1h68. Mol Cancer Ther. 2009, 8(1), 141-51.
80. Hsieh, J. L.; Lee, C. H.; Teo, M. L.; Lin, Y. J.; Huang, Y. S.; Wu, C. L.; Shiau, A. L., Transthyretin-driven oncolytic adenovirus suppresses tumor growth in orthotopic and ascites models of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Sci. 2009, 100(3), 537-45.
81. Ganesh, S.; Gonzalez-Edick, M.; Gibbons, D.; Ge, Y.; VanRoey, M.; Robinson, M.; Jooss, K., Combination therapy with radiation or cisplatin enhances the potency of Ad5/35 chimeric oncolytic adenovirus in a preclinical model of head and neck cancer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009, 16(5), 383-92.
82. McNally, L. R.; Rosenthal, E. L.; Zhang, W.; Buchsbaum, D. J., Therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with replicative adenovirus expressing tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 and chemoradiation. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009, 16(3), 246-55.
83. Hsu, K. F.; Wu, C. L.; Huang, S. C.; Hsieh, J. L.; Huang, Y. S.; Chen, Y. F.; Shen, M. R.; Chung, W. J.; Chou, C. Y.; Shiau, A. L., Conditionally replicating E1B-deleted adenovirus driven by the squamous cell carcinoma antigen 2 promoter for uterine cervical cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 2008, 15(8), 526-34.
84. Yoon, A. R.; Kim, J. H.; Lee, Y. S.; Kim, H.; Yoo, J. Y.; Sohn, J. H.; Park, B. W.; Yun, C. O., Markedly enhanced cytolysis by E1B- 19kD-deleted oncolytic adenovirus in combination with cisplatin. Hum Gene Ther. 2006, 17(4), 379-90.
85. Cheong, S. C.; Wang, Y.; Meng, J. H.; Hill, R.; Sweeney, K.; Kirn, D.; Lemoine, N. R.; Hallden, G., E1A-expressing adenoviral E3B mutants act synergistically with chemotherapeutics in immunocompetent tumor models. Cancer Gene Ther. 2008, 15(1), 40-50.
86. Toyoizumi, T.; Mick, R.; Abbas, A. E.; Kang, E. H.; Kaiser, L. R.; Molnar-Kimber, K. L., Combined therapy with chemotherapeutic agents and herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP34.5 mutant (HSV- 1716) in human non-small cell lung cancer. Hum Gene Ther. 1999, 10(18), 3013-29.
87. Chahlavi, A.; Todo, T.; Martuza, R. L.; Rabkin, S. D., Replicationcompetent herpes simplex virus vector G207 and cisplatin combination therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasia. 1999, 1(2), 162-9.
88. Kasuya, H.; Nishiyama, Y.; Nomoto, S.; Goshima, F.; Takeda, S.; Watanabe, I.; Nomura, N.; Shikano, T.; Fujii, T.; Kanazumi, N.; Nakao, A., Suitability of a US3-inactivated HSV mutant (L1BR1) as an oncolytic virus for pancreatic cancer therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 2007, 14(6), 533-42.
89. Adusumilli, P. S.; Chan, M. K.; Chun, Y. S.; Hezel, M.; Chou, T. C.; Rusch, V. W.; Fong, Y., Cisplatin-induced GADD34 upregulation potentiates oncolytic viral therapy in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006, 5(1), 48-53.
90. Adusumilli, P. S.; Stiles, B. M.; Chan, M. K.; Mullerad, M.; Eisenberg, D. P.; Ben-Porat, L.; Huq, R.; Rusch, V. W.; Fong, Y., Imaging and therapy of malignant pleural mesothelioma using replication-competent herpes simplex viruses. J Gene Med. 2006, 8(5), 603-15.
91. Sung, C. K.; Choi, B.; Wanna, G.; Genden, E. M.; Woo, S. L.; Shin, E. J., Combined VSV oncolytic virus and chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope. 2008, 118(2), 237-42.
92. Mini, E.; Nobili, S.; Caciagli, B.; Landini, I.; Mazzei, T., Cellular pharmacology of gemcitabine. Ann Oncol. 2006, 17 Suppl 5, v7-12.
93. Lee, W. P.; Tai, D. I.; Tsai, S. L.; Yeh, C. T.; Chao, Y.; Lee, S. D.; Hung, M. C., Adenovirus type 5 E1A sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to gemcitabine. Cancer Res. 2003, 63(19), 6229-36.
94. Orlowski, R. Z.; Baldwin, A. S., Jr., NF-kappaB as a therapeutic target in cancer. Trends Mol Med. 2002, 8(8), 385-9.
95. Madhusudan, S.; Middleton, M. R., The emerging role of DNA repair proteins as predictive, prognostic and therapeutic targets in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev. 2005, 31(8), 603-17.
96. Leitner, S.; Sweeney, K.; Oberg, D.; Davies, D.; Miranda, E.; Lemoine, N. R.; Hallden, G., Oncolytic adenoviral mutants with E1B19K gene deletions enhance gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells and anti-tumor efficacy in vivo. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15(5), 1730-40.
97. Raki, M.; Kanerva, A.; Ristimaki, A.; Desmond, R. A.; Chen, D. T.; Ranki, T.; Sarkioja, M.; Kangasniemi, L.; Hemminki, A., Combination of gemcitabine and Ad5/3-Delta24, a tropism modified conditionally replicating adenovirus, for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Gene Ther. 2005, 12(15), 1198-205.
98. Angelova, A. L.; Aprahamian, M.; Grekova, S. P.; Hajri, A.; Leuchs, B.; Giese, N. A.; Dinsart, C.; Herrmann, A.; Balboni, G.; Rommelaere, J.; Raykov, Z., Improvement of gemcitabine-based therapy of pancreatic carcinoma by means of oncolytic parvovirus H-1PV. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15(2), 511-9.
99. Watanabe, I.; Kasuya, H.; Nomura, N.; Shikano, T.; Shirota, T.; Kanazumi, N.; Takeda, S.; Nomoto, S.; Sugimoto, H.; Nakao, A., Effects of tumor selective replication-competent herpes viruses in combination with gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2008, 61(5), 875-82.
100. Eisenberg, D. P.; Adusumilli, P. S.; Hendershott, K. J.; Yu, Z.; Mullerad, M.; Chan, M. K.; Chou, T. C.; Fong, Y., 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine potentiate the efficacy of oncolytic herpes viral gene therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2005, 9(8), 1068-77; discussion 1077-9.
101. Pizzorno, G., Handschumacher, R.E., Cheng, YC., Pyrimidine and Purine Antimetabolites. In Cancer Medicine, Bast, R. C., Kufe, D.W., Pollock, R.E., Weichselbaum, R.R., Holland, J.F., Frei, E., Gansler, T.S., Ed. BC Decker, Inc.: 2000.
102. Nelson, A. R.; Davydova, J.; Curiel, D. T.; Yamamoto, M., Combination of conditionally replicative adenovirus and standard chemotherapies shows synergistic antitumor effect in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Sci. 2009, 100(11), 2181-7.
103. Cabrele, C.; Vogel, M.; Piso, P.; Rentsch, M.; Schroder, J.; Jauch, K. W.; Schlitt, H. J.; Beham, A., 5-Fluorouracil-related enhancement of adenoviral infection is Coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor independent and associated with morphological changes in lipid membranes. World J Gastroenterol. 2006, 12(32), 5168-74.
104. Kojima, Y.; Honda, K.; Hamada, H.; Kobayashi, N., Oncolytic gene therapy combined with double suicide genes for human bile duct cancer in nude mouse models. J Surg Res. 2009, 157(1), e63-70.
105. Lu, S.; Wang, X.; Xiao, L.; Cai, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, Z., Gene therapy for ovarian cancer using adenovirus-mediated transfer of cytosine deaminase gene and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase gene directed by MDR1 promoter. Cancer Biol Ther. 2007, 6(3), 397-404.
106. Richard, C.; Duivenvoorden, W.; Bourbeau, D.; Massie, B.; Roa, W.; Yau, J.; Th'ng, J., Sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil-resistant cancer cells to adenovirus suicide gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther. 2007, 14(1), 57-65.
107. Akbulut, H.; Tang, Y.; Maynard, J.; Zhang, L.; Pizzorno, G.; Deisseroth, A., Vector targeting makes 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy less toxic and more effective in animal models of epithelial neoplasms. Clin Cancer Res. 2004, 10(22), 7738-46.
108. Bernt, K. M.; Steinwaerder, D. S.; Ni, S.; Li, Z. Y.; Roffler, S. R.; Lieber, A., Enzyme-activated Prodrug Therapy Enhances Tumorspecific Replication of Adenovirus Vectors. Cancer Res. 2002, 62(21), 6089-98.
109. Sagawa, T.; Yamada, Y.; Takahashi, M.; Sato, Y.; Kobune, M.; Takimoto, R.; Fukaura, J.; Iyama, S.; Sato, T.; Miyanishi, K.; Matsunaga, T.; Takayama, T.; Kato, J.; Sasaki, K.; Hamada, H.; Niitsu Y., Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by AdAFPep/rep, AdAFPep/p53, and 5-fluorouracil in mice. Hepatology. 2008, 48(3), 828-40.
110. Wang, H.; Qian, H.; Yu, J.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, L.; Fu, M.; Liang, X.; Zhan, Q.; Lin, C., Administration of PUMA adenovirus increases the sensitivity of esophageal cancer cells to anticancer drugs. Cancer Biol Ther. 2006, 5(4), 380-5.
111. Eisold, S.; Linnebacher, M.; Ryschich, E.; Antolovic, D.; Hinz, U.; Klar, E.; Schmidt, J., The effect of adenovirus expressing wild-type p53 on 5-fluorouracil chemosensitivity is related to p53 status in pancreatic cancer cell lines. World J Gastroenterol. 2004, 10(24), 3583-9.
112. Halloran, C. M.; Ghaneh, P.; Shore, S.; Greenhalf, W.; Zumstein, L.; Wilson, D.; Neoptolemos, J. P.; Costello, E., 5-Fluorouracil or gemcitabine combined with adenoviral-mediated reintroduction of p16INK4A greatly enhanced cytotoxicity in Panc-1 pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. J Gene Med. 2004, 6(5), 514-25.
113. Uchida, H.; Shinoura, N.; Kitayama, J.; Watanabe, T.; Nagawa, H.; Hamada, H., 5-Fluorouracil efficiently enhanced apoptosis induced by adenovirus-mediated transfer of caspase-8 in DLD-1 colon cancer cells. J Gene Med. 2003, 5(4), 287-99.
114. Hou, S.; Kou, G.; Fan, X.; Wang, H.; Qian, W.; Zhang, D.; Li, B.; Dai, J.; Zhao, J.; Ma, J.; Li, J.; Lin, B.; Wu, M.; Guo, Y., Eradication of hepatoma and colon cancer in mice with Flt3L gene therapy in combination with 5-FU. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2007, 56(10), 1605-13.
115. Cafferata, E. G.; Maccio, D. R.; Lopez, M. V.; Viale, D. L.; Carbone, C.; Mazzolini, G.; Podhajcer, O. L., A novel A33 promoterbased conditionally replicative adenovirus suppresses tumor growth and eradicates hepatic metastases in human colon cancer models. Clin Cancer Res. 2009, 15(9), 3037-49.
116. Hoffmann, D.; Grunwald, T.; Kuate, S.; Wildner, O., Mechanistic analysis and comparison of viral fusogenic membrane proteins for their synergistic effects on chemotherapy. Cancer Biol Ther. 2007, 6(4), 510-8.
117. Hallden, G., Optimisation of replication-selective oncolytic adenoviral mutants in combination with chemotherapeutics. J BUON. 2009, 14 Suppl 1, S61-7.
118. Reid, T.; Galanis, E.; Abbruzzese, J.; Sze, D.; Andrews, J.; Romel, L.; Hatfield, M.; Rubin, J.; Kirn, D., Intra-arterial administration of a replication-selective adenovirus (dl1520) in patients with colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver: a phase I trial. Gene Ther. 2001, 8(21), 1618-26.
119. Gutermann, A.; Mayer, E.; von Dehn-Rothfelser, K.; Breidenstein, C.; Weber, M.; Muench, M.; Gungor, D.; Suehnel, J.; Moebius, U.; Lechmann, M., Efficacy of oncolytic herpesvirus NV1020 can be enhanced by combination with chemotherapeutics in colon carcinoma cells. Hum Gene Ther. 2006, 17(12), 1241-53.
120. Nakano, K.; Todo, T.; Zhao, G.; Yamaguchi, K.; Kuroki, S.; Cohen, J. B.; Glorioso, J. C.; Tanaka, M., Enhanced efficacy of conditionally replicating herpes simplex virus (G207) combined with 5-fluorouracil and surgical resection in peritoneal cancer dissemination models. J Gene Med. 2005, 7(5), 638-48.
121. Tewey, K. M.; Rowe, T. C.; Yang, L.; Halligan, B. D.; Liu, L. F., Adriamycin-induced DNA damage mediated by mammalian DNA topoisomerase II. Science. 1984, 226(4673), 466-8.
122. Lin, Z. P.; Belcourt, M. F.; Cory, J. G.; Sartorelli, A. C., Stable suppression of the R2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase by R2- targeted short interference RNA sensitizes p53(-/-) HCT-116 colon cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents and ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors. J Biol Chem. 2004, 279(26), 27030-8.
123. Heise, C.; Sampson-Johannes, A.; Williams, A.; McCormick, F.; Von Hoff, D. D.; Kirn, D. H., ONYX-015, an E1B gene-attenuated adenovirus, causes tumor-specific cytolysis and antitumoral efficacy that can be augmented by standard chemotherapeutic agents. Nat Med. 1997, 3(6), 639-45.
124. Kirn, D.; Hermiston, T.; McCormick, F., ONYX-015: clinical data are encouraging. Nat Med. 1998, 4(12), 1341-2.
125. Galanis, E.; Okuno, S. H.; Nascimento, A. G.; Lewis, B. D.; Lee, R. A.; Oliveira, A. M.; Sloan, J. A.; Atherton, P.; Edmonson, J. H.; Erlichman, C.; Randlev, B.; Wang, Q.; Freeman, S.; Rubin, J., Phase I-II trial of ONYX-015 in combination with MAP chemotherapy in patients with advanced sarcomas. Gene Ther. 2005, 12(5), 437-45.
126. Opyrchal, M.; Aderca, I.; Galanis, E., Phase I clinical trial of locoregional administration of the oncolytic adenovirus ONYX-015 in combination with mitomycin-C, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with advanced sarcomas. Methods Mol Biol. 2009, 542, 705-17.
127. Lin, S. F.; Gao, S. P.; Price, D. L.; Li, S.; Chou, T. C.; Singh, P.; Huang, Y. Y.; Fong, Y.; Wong, R. J., Synergy of a herpes oncolytic virus and paclitaxel for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008, 14(5), 1519-28.
128. Schache, P.; Gurlevik, E.; Struver, N.; Woller, N.; Malek, N.; Zender, L.; Manns, M.; Wirth, T.; Kuhnel, F.; Kubicka, S., VSV virotherapy improves chemotherapy by triggering apoptosis due to proteasomal degradation of Mcl-1. Gene Ther. 2009, 16(7), 849-61.
129. Eric Rowinsky, M., Microtubule-Targeting Natural Products. In Cancer Medicine, Kufe, D. W. P., Raphael E.; Weichselbaum, Ralph R.; Bast, Robert C., Jr.; Gansler, Ted S.; Holland, James F.; Frei III, Emil., Ed. BC. Decker, Inc.: Hamilton (Canada), c2003.
130. Jordan, M. A.; Wilson, L., Microtubules as a target for anticancer drugs. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004, 4(4), 253-65.
131. Smith, K. D.; Mezhir, J. J.; Bickenbach, K.; Veerapong, J.; Charron, J.; Posner, M. C.; Roizman, B.; Weichselbaum, R. R., Activated MEK suppresses activation of PKR and enables efficient replication and in vivo oncolysis by Deltagamma(1)34.5 mutants of herpes simplex virus 1. J Virol. 2006, 80(3), 1110-20.
132. Nagano, S.; Perentes, J. Y.; Jain, R. K.; Boucher, Y., Cancer cell death enhances the penetration and efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus in tumors. Cancer Res. 2008, 68(10), 3795-802.
133. Shimoyama, S.; Goshima, F.; Teshigahara, O.; Kasuya, H.; Kodera, Y.; Nakao, A.; Nishiyama, Y., Enhanced efficacy of herpes simplex virus mutant HF10 combined with paclitaxel in peritoneal cancer dissemination models. Hepatogastroenterology. 2007, 54(76), 1038-42.
134. Passer, B. J.; Castelo-Branco, P.; Buhrman, J. S.; Varghese, S.; Rabkin, S. D.; Martuza, R. L., Oncolytic herpes simplex virus vectors and taxanes synergize to promote killing of prostate cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009, 16(7), 551-60.
135. Nielsen, L. L.; Lipari, P.; Dell, J.; Gurnani, M.; Hajian, G., Adenovirus- mediated p53 gene therapy and paclitaxel have synergistic efficacy in models of human head and neck, ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1998, 4(4), 835-46.
136. Yu, D. C.; Chen, Y.; Dilley, J.; Li, Y.; Embry, M.; Zhang, H.; Nguyen, N.; Amin, P.; Oh, J.; Henderson, D. R., Antitumor synergy of CV787, a prostate cancer-specific adenovirus, and paclitaxel and docetaxel. Cancer Res. 2001, 61(2), 517-25.
137. Chen, L.; Chen, D.; Gong, M.; Na, M.; Li, L.; Wu, H.; Jiang, L.; Qian, Y.; Fang, G.; Xue, X., Concomitant use of Ad5/35 chimeric oncolytic adenovirus with TRAIL gene and taxol produces synergistic cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 2009, 284(2), 141-8.
138. Zhang, J.; Ramesh, N.; Chen, Y.; Li, Y.; Dilley, J.; Working, P.; Yu, D. C., Identification of human uroplakin II promoter and its use in the construction of CG8840, a urothelium-specific adenovirus variant that eliminates established bladder tumors in combination with docetaxel. Cancer Res. 2002, 62(13), 3743-50.
139. Rognoni, E.; Widmaier, M.; Haczek, C.; Mantwill, K.; Holzmuller, R.; Gansbacher, B.; Kolk, A.; Schuster, T.; Schmid, R. M.; Saur, D.; Kaszubiak, A.; Lage, H.; Holm, P. S., Adenovirus-based virotherapy enabled by cellular YB-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009, 16(10), 753-63.
140. Liao, Y.; Zou, Y. Y.; Xia, W. Y.; Hung, M. C., Enhanced paclitaxel cytotoxicity and prolonged animal survival rate by a nonviralmediated systemic delivery of E1A gene in orthotopic xenograft human breast cancer. Cancer Gene Ther. 2004, 11(9), 594-602.
141. Miura, T. A.; Morris, K.; Ryan, S.; Cook, J. L.; Routes, J. M., Adenovirus E1A, not human papillomavirus E7, sensitizes tumor cells to lysis by macrophages through nitric oxide- and TNF-alphadependent mechanisms despite up-regulation of 70-kDa heat shock protein. J Immunol. 2003, 170(8), 4119-26.
142. Chang, H. M.; Paulson, M.; Holko, M.; Rice, C. M.; Williams, B. R.; Marie, I.; Levy, D. E., Induction of interferon-stimulated gene expression and antiviral responses require protein deacetylase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004, 101(26), 9578-83.
143. Nguyen, T. L.; Abdelbary, H.; Arguello, M.; Breitbach, C.; Leveille, S.; Diallo, J. S.; Yasmeen, A.; Bismar, T. A.; Kirn, D.; Falls, T.; Snoulten, V. E.; Vanderhyden, B. C.; Werier, J.; Atkins, H.; Vaha-Koskela, M. J.; Stojdl, D. F.; Bell, J. C.; Hiscott, J., Chemical targeting of the innate antiviral response by histone deacetylase inhibitors renders refractory cancers sensitive to viral oncolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008, 105(39), 14981-6.
144. Otsuki, A.; Patel, A.; Kasai, K.; Suzuki, M.; Kurozumi, K.; Chiocca, E. A.; Saeki, Y., Histone deacetylase inhibitors augment antitumor efficacy of herpes-based oncolytic viruses. Mol Ther. 2008, 16(9), 1546-55.
145. Lane, A. A.; Chabner, B. A., Histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27(32), 5459-68.
146. Buchwald, M.; Kramer, O. H.; Heinzel, T., HDACi--targets beyond chromatin. Cancer Lett. 2009, 280(2), 160-7.
147. Amici, C.; Rossi, A.; Costanzo, A.; Ciafre, S.; Marinari, B.; Balsamo, M.; Levrero, M.; Santoro, M. G., Herpes simplex virus disrupts NF-kappaB regulation by blocking its recruitment on the IkappaBalpha promoter and directing the factor on viral genes. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281(11), 7110-7.
148. Katsura, T.; Iwai, S.; Ota, Y.; Shimizu, H.; Ikuta, K.; Yura, Y., The effects of trichostatin A on the oncolytic ability of herpes simplex virus for oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 2009, 16(3), 237-45.
149. Sachs, M. D.; Ramamurthy, M.; Poel, H.; Wickham, T. J.; Lamfers, M.; Gerritsen, W.; Chowdhury, W.; Li, Y.; Schoenberg, M. P.; Rodriguez, R., Histone deacetylase inhibitors upregulate expression of the coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR) preferentially in bladder cancer cells. Cancer Gene Ther. 2004, 11(7), 477-86.
150. Goldsmith, M. E.; Kitazono, M.; Fok, P.; Aikou, T.; Bates, S.; Fojo, T., The histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 preferentially enhances adenovirus transgene expression in malignant cells. Clin Cancer Res. 2003, 9(14), 5394-401.
151. Pong, R. C.; Roark, R.; Ou, J. Y.; Fan, J.; Stanfield, J.; Frenkel, E.; Sagalowsky, A.; Hsieh, J. T., Mechanism of increased coxsackie and adenovirus receptor gene expression and adenovirus uptake by phytoestrogen and histone deacetylase inhibitor in human bladder cancer cells and the potential clinical application. Cancer Res. 2006, 66(17), 8822-8.
152. Watanabe, T.; Hioki, M.; Fujiwara, T.; Nishizaki, M.; Kagawa, S.; Taki, M.; Kishimoto, H.; Endo, Y.; Urata, Y.; Tanaka, N., Histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228 enhances the antitumor effect of telomerase-specific replication-selective adenoviral agent OBP-301 in human lung cancer cells. Exp Cell Res. 2006, 312(3), 256-65.
153. Bieler, A.; Mantwill, K.; Dravits, T.; Bernshausen, A.; Glockzin, G.; Kohler-Vargas, N.; Lage, H.; Gansbacher, B.; Holm, P. S., Novel three-pronged strategy to enhance cancer cell killing in glioblastoma cell lines: histone deacetylase inhibitor, chemotherapy, and oncolytic adenovirus dl520. Hum Gene Ther. 2006, 17(1), 55-70.
154. Hoti, N.; Chowdhury, W.; Hsieh, J. T.; Sachs, M. D.; Lupold, S. E.; Rodriguez, R., Valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is an antagonist for oncolytic adenoviral gene therapy. Mol Ther. 2006, 14(6), 768-78.
155. Terui, T.; Murakami, K.; Takimoto, R.; Takahashi, M.; Takada, K.; Murakami, T.; Minami, S.; Matsunaga, T.; Takayama, T.; Kato, J.; Niitsu, Y., Induction of PIG3 and NOXA through acetylation of p53 at 320 and 373 lysine residues as a mechanism for apoptotic cell death by histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cancer Res. 2003, 63(24), 8948-54.
156. Sasaki, Y.; Negishi, H.; Idogawa, M.; Suzuki, H.; Mita, H.; Toyota, M.; Shinomura, Y.; Imai, K.; Tokino, T., Histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 enhances adenovirus-mediated p53 family gene therapy in cancer models. Mol Cancer Ther. 2008, 7(4), 779-87.
157. Hoshino, I.; Matsubara, H.; Akutsu, Y.; Nishimori, T.; Yoneyama, Y.; Murakami, K.; Sakata, H.; Matsushita, K.; Komatsu, A.; Brooks, R.; Ochiai, T., Role of histone deacetylase inhibitor in adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy in esophageal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2008, 28(2A), 665-71.
158. Takimoto, R.; Kato, J.; Terui, T.; Takada, K.; Kuroiwa, G.; Wu, J.; Ohnuma, H.; Takahari, D.; Kobune, M.; Sato, Y.; Takayama, T.; Matsunaga, T.; Niitsu, Y., Augmentation of antitumor effects of p53 gene therapy by combination with HDAC inhibitor. Cancer Biol Ther. 2005, 4(4), 421-8.
159. Lillehammer, T.; Engesaeter, B. O.; Prasmickaite, L.; Maelandsmo, G. M.; Fodstad, O.; Engebraaten, O., Combined treatment with AdhTRAIL and DTIC or SAHA is associated with increased mitochondrial- mediated apoptosis in human melanoma cell lines. J Gene Med. 2007, 9(6), 440-51.
160. VanOosten, R. L.; Earel, J. K., Jr.; Griffith, T. S., Enhancement of Ad5-TRAIL cytotoxicity against renal cell carcinoma with histone deacetylase inhibitors. Cancer Gene Ther. 2006, 13(6), 628-32.
161. VanOosten, R. L.; Earel, J. K., Jr.; Griffith, T. S., Histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance Ad5-TRAIL killing of TRAIL-resistant prostate tumor cells through increased caspase-2 activity. Apoptosis. 2007, 12(3), 561-71.
162. El-Zawahry, A.; Lu, P.; White, S. J.; Voelkel-Johnson, C., In vitro efficacy of AdTRAIL gene therapy of bladder cancer is enhanced by trichostatin A-mediated restoration of CAR expression and downregulation of cFLIP and Bcl-XL. Cancer Gene Ther. 2006, 13(3), 281-9.
163. Cao, W.; Manicassamy, S.; Tang, H.; Kasturi, S. P.; Pirani, A.; Murthy, N.; Pulendran, B., Toll-like receptor-mediated induction of type I interferon in plasmacytoid dendritic cells requires the rapamycin-sensitive PI(3)K-mTOR-p70S6K pathway. Nat Immunol. 2008, 9(10), 1157-64.
164. Alain, T.; Lun, X.; Martineau, Y.; Sean, P.; Pulendran, B.; Petroulakis, E.; Zemp, F. J.; Lemay, C. G.; Roy, D.; Bell, J. C.; Thomas, G.; Kozma, S. C.; Forsyth, P. A.; Costa-Mattioli, M.; Sonenberg, N., Vesicular stomatitis virus oncolysis is potentiated by impairing mTORC1-dependent type I IFN production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010, 107(4), 1576-81.
165. Sehgal, S. N., Rapamune (RAPA, rapamycin, sirolimus): mechanism of action immunosuppressive effect results from blockade of signal transduction and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Clin Biochem. 1998, 31(5), 335-40.
166. Stanford, M. M.; Barrett, J. W.; Nazarian, S. H.; Werden, S.; McFadden, G., Oncolytic virotherapy synergism with signaling inhibitors: Rapamycin increases myxoma virus tropism for human tumor cells. J Virol. 2007, 81(3), 1251-60.
167. Werden, S. J.; McFadden, G., Pharmacological manipulation of the akt signaling pathway regulates myxoma virus replication and tropism in human cancer cells. J Virol. 2010, 84(7), 3287-302.
168. Lun, X.; Alain, T.; Zemp, F. J.; Zhou, H.; Rahman, M. M.; Hamilton, M. G.; McFadden, G.; Bell, J.; Senger, D. L.; Forsyth, P. A., Myxoma virus virotherapy for glioma in immunocompetent animal models: optimizing administration routes and synergy with rapamycin. Cancer Res. 2010, 70(2), 598-608.
169. Stanford, M. M.; Shaban, M.; Barrett, J. W.; Werden, S. J.; Gilbert, P. A.; Bondy-Denomy, J.; Mackenzie, L.; Graham, K. C.; Chambers, A. F.; McFadden, G., Myxoma virus oncolysis of primary and metastatic B16F10 mouse tumors in vivo. Mol Ther. 2008, 16(1), 52-9.
170. Lun, X. Q.; Zhou, H.; Alain, T.; Sun, B.; Wang, L.; Barrett, J. W.; Stanford, M. M.; McFadden, G.; Bell, J.; Senger, D. L.; Forsyth, P. A., Targeting human medulloblastoma: oncolytic virotherapy with myxoma virus is enhanced by rapamycin. Cancer Res. 2007, 67(18), 8818-27.
171. Werden, S. J.; Lanchbury, J.; Shattuck, D.; Neff, C.; Dufford, M.; McFadden, G., The myxoma virus m-t5 ankyrin repeat host range protein is a novel adaptor that coordinately links the cellular signaling pathways mediated by Akt and Skp1 in virus-infected cells. J Virol. 2009, 83(23), 12068-83.
172. Werden, S. J.; Barrett, J. W.; Wang, G.; Stanford, M. M.; McFadden, G., M-T5, the ankyrin repeat, host range protein of myxoma virus, activates Akt and can be functionally replaced by cellular PIKE-A. J Virol. 2007, 81(5), 2340-8.
173. Jiang, B. H.; Liu, L. Z., PI3K/PTEN signaling in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. Adv Cancer Res. 2009, 102, 19-65.
174. Tokunaga, E.; Oki, E.; Egashira, A.; Sadanaga, N.; Morita, M.; Kakeji, Y.; Maehara, Y., Deregulation of the Akt pathway in human cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2008, 8(1), 27-36.
175. Alonso, M. M.; Gomez-Manzano, C.; Jiang, H.; Bekele, N. B.; Piao, Y.; Yung, W. K.; Alemany, R.; Fueyo, J., Combination of the oncolytic adenovirus ICOVIR-5 with chemotherapy provides enhanced anti-glioma effect in vivo. Cancer Gene Ther. 2007, 14(8), 756-61.
176. Homicsko, K.; Lukashev, A.; Iggo, R. D., RAD001 (everolimus) improves the efficacy of replicating adenoviruses that target colon cancer. Cancer Res. 2005, 65(15), 6882-90.
177. Sudarsanam, S.; Johnson, D. E., Functional consequences of mTOR inhibition. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2010, 13(1), 31-40.
178. Yokoyama, T.; Iwado, E.; Kondo, Y.; Aoki, H.; Hayashi, Y.; Georgescu, M. M.; Sawaya, R.; Hess, K. R.; Mills, G. B.; Kawamura, H.; Hashimoto, Y.; Urata, Y.; Fujiwara, T.; Kondo, S., Autophagy - inducing agents augment the antitumor effect of teleraseselve oncolytic adenovirus OBP-405 on glioblastoma cells. Gene Ther. 2008, 15(17), 1233-9.
179. Alonso, M. M.; Jiang, H.; Yokoyama, T.; Xu, J.; Bekele, N. B.; Lang, F. F.; Kondo, S.; Gomez-Manzano, C.; Fueyo, J., Delta-24- RGD in combination with RAD001 induces enhanced anti-glioma effect via autophagic cell death. Mol Ther. 2008, 16(3), 487-93.
180. Greenhough, A.; Smartt, H. J.; Moore, A. E.; Roberts, H. R.; Williams, A. C.; Paraskeva, C.; Kaidi, A., The COX-2/PGE2 pathway: key roles in the hallmarks of cancer and adaptation to the tumour microenvironment. Carcinogenesis. 2009, 30(3), 377-86.
181. Ryan, E. P.; Pollock, S. J.; Murant, T. I.; Bernstein, S. H.; Felgar, R. E.; Phipps, R. P., Activated human B lymphocytes express cyclooxygenase- 2 and cyclooxygenase inhibitors attenuate antibody production. J Immunol. 2005, 174(5), 2619-26.
182. Rocha-Lima, C. M.; Raez, L. E., Erlotinib (tarceva) for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. P T. 2009, 34(10), 554-64.
183. Mahller, Y. Y.; Vaikunth, S. S.; Currier, M. A.; Miller, S. J.; Ripberger, M. C.; Hsu, Y. H.; Mehrian-Shai, R.; Collins, M. H.; Crombleholme, T. M.; Ratner, N.; Cripe, T. P., Oncolytic HSV and erlotinib inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in a novel malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor xenograft model. Mol Ther. 2007, 15(2), 279-86.
184. Cattaneo, R.; Miest, T.; Shashkova, E. V.; Barry, M. A., Reprogrammed viruses as cancer therapeutics: targeted, armed and shielded. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2008, 6(7), 529-40.
185. Kaur, B.; Cripe, T. P.; Chiocca, E. A., Buy one get one free: armed viruses for the treatment of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Curr Gene Ther. 2009, 9(5), 341-55.
186. Tiraby, M.; Cazaux, C.; Baron, M.; Drocourt, D.; Reynes, J. P.; Tiraby, G., Concomitant expression of E. coli cytosine deaminase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase improves the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorocytosine. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998, 167(1), 41-9.
187. Pinedo, H. M.; Peters, G. F., Fluorouracil: biochemistry and pharmacology. J Clin Oncol. 1988, 6(10), 1653-64.
188. McCart, J. A.; Puhlmann, M.; Lee, J.; Hu, Y.; Libutti, S. K.; Alexander, H. R.; Bartlett, D. L., Complex interactions between the replicating oncolytic effect and the enzyme/prodrug effect of vacciniamediated tumor regression. Gene Ther. 2000, 7(14), 1217-23.
189. Chalikonda, S.; Kivlen, M. H.; O'Malley, M. E.; Eric Dong, X. D.; McCart, J. A.; Gorry, M. C.; Yin, X. Y.; Brown, C. K.; Zeh, H. J., 3rd; Guo, Z. S.; Bartlett, D. L., Oncolytic virotherapy for ovarian carcinomatosis using a replication-selective vaccinia virus armed with a yeast cytosine deaminase gene. Cancer Gene Ther. 2008, 15(2), 115-25.
190. Foloppe, J.; Kintz, J.; Futin, N.; Findeli, A.; Cordier, P.; Schlesinger, Y.; Hoffmann, C.; Tosch, C.; Balloul, J. M.; Erbs, P., Targeted delivery of a suicide gene to human colorectal tumors by a conditionally replicating vaccinia virus. Gene Ther. 2008, 15(20), 1361-71.
191. Guffey, M. B.; Parker, J. N.; Luckett, W. S., Jr.; Gillespie, G. Y.; Meleth, S.; Whitley, R. J.; Markert, J. M., Engineered herpes simplex virus expressing bacterial cytosine deaminase for experimental therapy of brain tumors. Cancer Gene Ther. 2007, 14(1), 45-56.
192. Price, D. L.; Lin, S. F.; Han, Z.; Simpson, G.; Coffin, R. S.; Wong, J.; Li, S.; Fong, Y.; Wong, R. J., Oncolysis using herpes simplex virus type 1 engineered to express cytosine deaminase and a fusogenic glycoprotein for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2010, 136(2), 151-8.
193. Porosnicu, M.; Mian, A.; Barber, G. N., The oncolytic effect of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus is enhanced by expression of the fusion cytosine deaminase/uracil phosphoribosyltransferase suicide gene. Cancer Res. 2003, 63(23), 8366-76.
194. Conrad, C.; Miller, C. R.; Ji, Y.; Gomez-Manzano, C.; Bharara, S.; McMurray, J. S.; Lang, F. F.; Wong, F.; Sawaya, R.; Yung, W. K.; Fueyo, J., Delta24-hyCD adenovirus suppresses glioma growth in vivo by combining oncolysis and chemosensitization. Cancer Gene Ther. 2005, 12(3), 284-94.
195. Fuerer, C.; Iggo, R., 5-Fluorocytosine increases the toxicity of Wnt-targeting replicating adenoviruses that express cytosine deaminase as a late gene. Gene Ther. 2004, 11(2), 142-51.
196. Pan, Q. W.; Zhong, S. Y.; Liu, B. S.; Liu, J.; Cai, R.; Wang, Y. G.; Liu, X. Y.; Qian, C., Enhanced sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to chemotherapy with a Smac-armed oncolytic adenovirus. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2007, 28(12), 1996-2004.
197. Zhang, Y.; Qin, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, L.; Wang, Y.; Liu, X.; Yao, L., Combination of ZD55-MnSOD therapy with 5-FU enhances antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2008, 134(2), 219-26.
198. Simpson, G. R.; Han, Z.; Liu, B.; Wang, Y.; Campbell, G.; Coffin, R. S., Combination of a fusogenic glycoprotein, prodrug activation, and oncolytic herpes simplex virus for enhanced local tumor control. Cancer Res. 2006, 66(9), 4835-42.
199. Anlezark, G. M.; Melton, R. G.; Sherwood, R. F.; Coles, B.; Friedlos, F.; Knox, R. J., The bioactivation of 5-(aziridin-1-yl)-2,4- dinitrobenzamide (CB1954)--I. Purification and properties of a nitroreductase enzyme from Escherichia coli--a potential enzyme for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT). Biochem Pharmacol. 1992, 44(12), 2289-95.
200. Bridgewater, J. A.; Knox, R. J.; Pitts, J. D.; Collins, M. K.; Springer, C. J., The bystander effect of the nitroreductase/CB1954 enzyme/prodrug system is due to a cell-permeable metabolite. Hum Gene Ther. 1997, 8(6), 709-17.
201. Djeha, A. H.; Hulme, A.; Dexter, M. T.; Mountain, A.; Young, L. S.; Searle, P. F.; Kerr, D. J.; Wrighton, C. J., Expression of Escherichia coli B nitroreductase in established human tumor xenografts in mice results in potent antitumoral and bystander effects upon systemic administration of the prodrug CB1954. Cancer Gene Ther. 2000, 7(5), 721-31.
202. Braidwood, L.; Dunn, P. D.; Hardy, S.; Evans, T. R.; Brown, S. M., Antitumor activity of a selectively replication competent herpes simplex virus (HSV) with enzyme prodrug therapy. Anticancer Res. 2009, 29(6), 2159-66.
203. Chen, M. J.; Green, N. K.; Reynolds, G. M.; Flavell, J. R.; Mautner, V.; Kerr, D. J.; Young, L. S.; Searle, P. F., Enhanced efficacy of Escherichia coli nitroreductase/CB1954 prodrug activation gene therapy using an E1B-55K-deleted oncolytic adenovirus vector. Gene Ther. 2004, 11(14), 1126-36.
204. Chase, M.; Chung, R. Y.; Chiocca, E. A., An oncolytic viral mutant that delivers the CYP2B1 transgene and augments cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Nat Biotechnol. 1998, 16(5), 444-8.
205. Pawlik, T. M.; Nakamura, H.; Mullen, J. T.; Kasuya, H.; Yoon, S. S.; Chandrasekhar, S.; Chiocca, E. A.; Tanabe, K. K., Prodrug bioactivation and oncolysis of diffuse liver metastases by a herpes simplex virus 1 mutant that expresses the CYP2B1 transgene. Cancer. 2002, 95(5), 1171-81.
206. Currier, M. A.; Gillespie, R. A.; Sawtell, N. M.; Mahller, Y. Y.; Stroup, G.; Collins, M. H.; Kambara, H.; Chiocca, E. A.; Cripe, T. P., Efficacy and safety of the oncolytic herpes simplex virus rRp450 alone and combined with cyclophosphamide. Mol Ther. 2008, 16(5), 879-85.
207. Tyminski, E.; Leroy, S.; Terada, K.; Finkelstein, D. M.; Hyatt, J. L.; Danks, M. K.; Potter, P. M.; Saeki, Y.; Chiocca, E. A., Brain tumor oncolysis with replication-conditional herpes simplex virus type 1 expressing the prodrug-activating genes, CYP2B1 and secreted human intestinal carboxylesterase, in combination with cyclophosphamide and irinotecan. Cancer Res. 2005, 65(15), 6850-7.
208. Xu, Y.; Villalona-Calero, M. A., Irinotecan: mechanisms of tumor resistance and novel strategies for modulating its activity. Ann Oncol. 2002, 13(12), 1841-51.
209. Rai, K. R.; Peterson, B. L.; Appelbaum, F. R.; Kolitz, J.; Elias, L.; Shepherd, L.; Hines, J.; Threatte, G. A.; Larson, R. A.; Cheson, B. D.; Schiffer, C. A., Fludarabine compared with chlorambucil as primary therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2000, 343(24), 1750-7.
210. Tournilhac, O.; Cazin, B.; Lepretre, S.; Divine, M.; Maloum, K.; Delmer, A.; Grosbois, B.; Feugier, P.; Maloisel, F.; Villard, F.; Villemagne, B.; Bastit, D.; Belhadj, K.; Azar, N.; Michallet, M.; Manhes, G.; Travade, P., Impact of frontline fludarabine and cyclophosphamide combined treatment on peripheral blood stem cell mobilization in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood. 2004, 103(1), 363-5.
211. Parker, W. B.; Allan, P. W.; Shaddix, S. C.; Rose, L. M.; Speegle, H. F.; Gillespie, G. Y.; Bennett, L. L., Jr., Metabolism and metabolic actions of 6-methylpurine and 2-fluoroadenine in human cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 1998, 55(10), 1673-81.
212. Sorscher, E. J.; Peng, S.; Bebok, Z.; Allan, P. W.; Bennett, L. L., Jr.; Parker, W. B., Tumor cell bystander killing in colonic carcinoma utilizing the Escherichia coli DeoD gene to generate toxic purines. Gene Ther. 1994, 1(4), 233-8.
213. Ungerechts, G.; Springfeld, C.; Frenzke, M. E.; Lampe, J.; Johnston, P. B.; Parker, W. B.; Sorscher, E. J.; Cattaneo, R., Lymphoma chemovirotherapy: CD20-targeted and convertase-armed measles virus can synergize with fludarabine. Cancer Res. 2007, 67(22), 10939-47.