Multiphoton microscopy - A powerful tool in skin research and topical drug delivery science

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 250-259

  Kirejev, V ^a   Guldbrand, S ^a   Borglin, J ^a   Simonsson, C ^a   Ericson, M B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cyclodextrins; Multiphoton microscopy; Skin research; Topical drug delivery; Two photon microscopy

Indexed keywords

CYCLODEXTRIN; NANOPARTICLE; PENETRATION ENHANCING AGENT;

AUTOFLUORESCENCE; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG PENETRATION; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY; MICROSCOPY; MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REVIEW; SKIN BIOPSY; SKIN CANCER; STRATUM CORNEUM; TOPICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION;

EID: 84862889065     PISSN: 17732247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1773-2247(12)50036-5     Document Type: Review

References (162)

1. Fasinu P., Pillay V., Ndesendo V.M., du Toit L.C., Choonara Y.E. - Diverse approaches for the enhancement of oral drug bioavailability. - Biopharm Drug Dispos, 32, 185-209, 2011.
2. Pang K.S. - Modeling of intestinal drug absorption: roles of transporters and metabolic enzymes (for the Gillette Review Series). - Drug Metab Dispos, 31, 1507-1519, 2003. (Pubitemid 37466919)
3. Chiu H.Y., Tsai T.F. - Topical use of systemic drugs in dermatology: a comprehensive review. - J Am Acad Dermatol, 65, 1048-e22, 2011.
4. Subedi R.K., Oh S.Y., Chun M.K., Choi H.K. - Recent advances in transdermal drug delivery. - Arch Pharm Res, 33, 339-351, 2010.
5. Benfeldt E., Serup J. - Effect of barrier perturbation on cutaneous penetration of salicylic acid in hairless rats: in vivo pharmacokinetics using microdialysis and non-invasive quantification of barrier function. - Arch Dermatol Res, 291, 517-526, 1999. (Pubitemid 29484133)
6. Hui X.Y., Hewitt P.G., Poblete N., Maibach H.I., Shainhouse J.Z., Wester R.C. - In vivo bioavailability and metabolism of topical diclofenac lotion in human volunteers. - Pharmaceut Res, 15, 1589-1595, 1998. (Pubitemid 28465746)
7. Zhai H., Maibach H.I. (Eds.) - Dermatotoxicology. - CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2004.
8. Denk W., Strickler J.H., Webb W.W. - Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy. - Science, 248, 73-76, 1990.
9. König K., Ehlers A., Stracke F., Riemann I. - In vivo drug screening in human skin using femtosecond laser multiphoton tomography. - Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 19, 78-88, 2006. (Pubitemid 43725817)
10. Bazin R., Flament F., Colonna A., Le Harzic R., Bückle R., Piot B., Laize F., Kaatz M., König K., Fluhr J.W. - Clinical study on the effects of a cosmetic product on dermal extracellular matrix components using a high-resolution multiphoton tomograph. Skin Res Technol, 16, 305-310, 2010.
11. Roberts M.S., Roberts M.J., Robertson T.A., Sanchez W., Thörling C., Zou Y.H., Zhao X., Becker W., Zvyagin A.V. - In vitro and in vivo imaging of xenobiotic transport in human skin and in the rat liver. - J Biophotonics, 1, 478-493, 2008.
12. Cicchi R., Sestini S., De Giorgi V., Massi D., Lotti T., Pavone F.S. - Nonlinear laser imaging of skin lesions. - J Biophotonics, 1, 62-73, 2008.
13. Koehler M.J., Hahn S., Preller A., Elsner P., Ziemer M., Bauer A., König K., Bückle R., Fluhr J.W., Kaatz M. - Morphological skin ageing criteria by multiphoton laser scanning tomography: non-invasive in vivo scoring of the dermal fibre network. - Exp Dermatol, 17, 519-523, 2008. (Pubitemid 351663280)
14. König K., Riemann I. - High-resolution multiphoton tomography of human skin with subcellular spatial resolution and picosecond time resolution. - J Biomed Opt, 8, 432-439, 2003.
15. Jiang X., Zhuo S., Xu R., Chen J. - Multiphoton microscopic imaging of in vivo hair mouse skin based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation. - Scanning, 1-4, 2011.
16. th ed., Blackwell Science, Malden, 2004.
17. Proksch E., Brandner J.M., Jensen J.M. - The skin: an indispensable barrier. - Exp Dermatol, 17, 1063-1072, 2008.
18. Elias P.M., Friend D.S. - The permeability barrier in mammalian epidermis. - J Cell Biol, 65, 180-191, 1975.
19. Simonsson C. - New insights in contact allergy and drug delivery: a study of formulation effects and hapten targets in skin using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. - Department of Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 2011.
20. nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 1991.
21. Lademann J., Richter H., Schaefer U.F., Blume-Peytavi U., Teichmann A., Otberg N., Sterry W. - Hair follicles - A long-term reservoir for drug delivery. - Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 19, 232-236, 2006. (Pubitemid 44114522)
22. Hayden C.G.J., Cross S.E., Anderson C., Saunders N.A., Roberts M.S. - Sunscreen penetration of human skin and related keratinocyte toxicity after topical application. - Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 18, 170-174, 2005. (Pubitemid 40869127)
23. Hayden C.G., Roberts M.S., Benson H.A. - Systemic absorption of sunscreen after topical application. - Lancet, 350, 863-864, 1997. (Pubitemid 27404352)
24. Zhai H., Maibach H.I. - Effect of barrier creams: Human skin in vivo. - Contact Dermatitis, 35, 92-96, 1996. (Pubitemid 26385641)
25. Kaur I.P., Kakkar S. - Topical delivery of antifungal agents. Expert Opin Drug Del, 7, 1303-1327, 2010.
26. Sawynok J. - Topical and peripherally acting analgesics. - Pharmacol Rev, 55, 1-20, 2003.
27. Hadgraft J. - Skin, the final frontier. - Int J Pharm, 224, 1-18, 2001.
28. Zatz J.L. - Scratching the surface: rationale and approaches to skin permeation. - In: Skin Permeation: Fundamentals and Application, J.L. Zatz Ed., Allured, Wheaton, 1993, p. 11-31.
29. Suhonen T.M., Bouwstra J.A., Urtti A. - Chemical enhancement of percutaneous absorption in relation to stratum corneum structural alterations. - J Control Release, 59, 149-161, 1999. (Pubitemid 29199921)
30. Marjukka Suhonen T., Bouwstra J.A., Urtti A. - Chemical enhancement of percutaneous absorption in relation to stratum corneum structural alterations. - J Control Release, 59, 149-161, 1999. (Pubitemid 29199921)
31. Skin absorption of chemical allergens. - In: Allergic Contact Dermatitis: Chemical and Metabolic Mechanisms, Smith C.K., Hotchkiss S.A.M. (Eds.), Taylor & Francis, London, 2001.
32. Förster M., Bolzinger M.A., Fessi H., Briancon S. - Topical delivery of cosmetics and drugs. Molecular aspects of percutaneous absorption and delivery. - Eur J Dermatol, 19, 309-323, 2009.
33. Simonsson C., Madsen J.T., Graneli A., Andersen K.E., Karlberg A.T., Jonsson C.A., Ericson M.B. - A study of the enhanced sensitizing capacity of a contact allergen in lipid vesicle formulations. - Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 252, 221-227, 2011.
34. Kuo T.R., Wu C.L., Hsu C.T., Lo W., Chiang S.J., Lin S.J., Dong C.Y., Chen C.C. - Chemical enhancer induced changes in the mechanisms of transdermal delivery of zinc oxide nanoparticles. - Biomaterials, 30, 3002-3008, 2009.
35. Berard F., Marty J.P., Nicolas J.F. - Allergen penetration through the skin. - Eur J Dermatol, 13, 324-330, 2003.
36. Potts R.O., Guy R.H. - A predictive algorithm for skin permeability - the effects of molecular-size and hydrogen-bond activity. - Pharmaceut Res, 12, 1628-1633, 1995. (Pubitemid 26004686)
37. Pugh W.J., Degim I.T., Hadgraft J. - Epidermal permeability-penetrant structure relationships: 4, QSAR of permeant diffusion across human stratum corneum in terms of molecular weight, H-bonding and electronic charge. - Int J Pharm, 197, 203-211, 2000. (Pubitemid 30125791)
38. Magnusson B.M., Anissimov Y.G., Cross S.E., Roberts M.S. - Molecular size as the main determinant of solute maximum flux across the skin. - J Invest Dermatol, 122, 993-999, 2004. (Pubitemid 38581002)
39. nd ed., CRC, Boca Raton, 2006.
40. Naik A., Pechtold L.A.R.M., Potts R.O., Guy R.H. - Mechanism of oleic acid-induced skin penetration enhancement in vivo in humans. - J Control Release, 37, 299-306, 1995. (Pubitemid 26007540)
41. Van den Bergh B.A., Vroom J., Gerritsen H., Junginger H.E., Bouwstra J.A. - Interactions of elastic and rigid vesicles with human skin in vitro: electron microscopy and two-photon excitation microscopy. - Biochim Biophys Acta, 1461, 155-173, 1999. (Pubitemid 30077471)
42. Bouwstra J.A., Honeywell-Nguyen P.L., Gooris G.S., Ponec M. - Structure of the skin barrier and its modulation by vesicular formulations. - Prog Lipid Res, 42, 1-36, 2003. (Pubitemid 35418207)
43. Kirjavainen M., Urtti A., Jääskeläinen I., Suhonen T.M., Paronen P., Valjakka-Koskela R., Kiesvaara J., Monkkonen J. - Interaction of liposomes with human skin in vitro - the influence of lipid composition and structure. - Biochim Biophys Acta, 1304, 179-189, 1996. (Pubitemid 26426990)
44. Lv Q., Yu A., Xi Y., Li H., Song Z., Cui J., Cao F., Zhai G. Development and evaluation of penciclovir-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for topical delivery. - Int J Pharm, 372, 191-198, 2009.
45. Prow T.W., Grice J.E., Lin L.L., Faye R., Butler M., Becker W., Wurm E.M., Yoong C., Robertson T.A., Soyer H.P., Roberts M.S. - Nanoparticles and microparticles for skin drug delivery. - Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 63, 470-491, 2011.
46. Shah J.C., Sadhale Y., Chilukuri D.M. - Cubic phase gels as drug delivery systems. - Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 47, 229-250, 2001. (Pubitemid 32324116)
47. Loftsson T., Duchêne D. - Cyclodextrins and their pharmaceutical applications. - Int J Pharm, 329, 1-11, 2007.
48. Del Valle E.M.M. - Cyclodextrins and their uses: a review. Process Biochem, 39, 1033-1046, 2004. (Pubitemid 38527174)
49. Laza-Knoerr A.L., Gref R., Couvreur P. - Cyclodextrins for drug delivery. - J Drug Target, 18, 645-656, 2010.
50. Herkenne C., Alberti I., Naik A., Kalia Y.N., Mathy F.X., Préat V., Guy R.H. - In vivo methods for the assessment of topical drug bioavailability. - Pharm Res, 25, 87-103, 2008.
51. Otberg N., Patzelt A., Rasulev U., Hagemeister T., Linscheid M., Sinkgraven R., Sterry W., Lademann J. - The role of hair follicles in the percutaneous absorption of caffeine. - Br J Clin Pharmacol, 65, 488-492, 2008. (Pubitemid 351365135)
52. Gerritsen H.C., De Grauw C.J. - Imaging of optically thick specimen using two-photon excitation microscopy. - Microsc Res Tech, 47, 206-209, 1999. (Pubitemid 29519814)
53. Paoli J., Smedh M., Wennberg A.M., Ericson M.B. - Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy on non-melanoma skin cancer: Morphologic features for future non-invasive diagnostics. - J Invest Dermatol, 128, 1248-1255, 2008. (Pubitemid 351543189)
54. Dimitrow E., Ziemer M., Koehler M.J., Norgauer J., König K., Elsner P., Kaatz M. - Sensitivity and specificity of multiphoton laser tomography for in vivo and ex vivo diagnosis of malignant melanoma. - J Invest Dermatol, 129, 1752-1758, 2009.
55. Samuelsson K., Simonsson C., Jonsson C.A., Westman G., Ericson M.B., Karlberg A.T. - Accumulation of FITC near stratum corneum-visualizing epidermal distribution of a strong sensitizer using two-photon microscopy. - Contact Dermatitis, 61, 91-100, 2009.
56. König K., Raphael A.P., Lin L., Grice J.E., Soyer H.P., Breunig H.G., Roberts M.S., Prow T.W. - Applications of multiphoton tomographs and femtosecond laser nanoprocessing microscopes in drug delivery research. - Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 63, 388-404, 2011.
57. Seto J.E., Polat B.E., VanVeller B., Lopez R.F.V., Langer R., Blankschtein D. - Fluorescent penetration enhancers for transdermal applications. - J Control Release, 158, 85-92, 2012.
58. So P.T.C., Kim H., Kochevar I.E. - Two-photon deep tissue ex vivo imaging of mouse dermal and subcutaneous structures. Opt Express, 3, 339-350, 1998.
59. Zipfel W.R., Williams R.M., Christie R., Nikitin A.Y., Hyman B.T., Webb W.W. - Live tissue intrinsic emission microscopy using multiphoton-excited native fluorescence and second harmonic generation. - P Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, 7075-7080, 2003. (Pubitemid 36706395)
60. Chen A.C., McNeilly C., Liu A.P., Flaim C.J., Cuttle L., Kendall M., Kimble R.M., Shimizu H., McMillan J.R. - Second harmonic generation and multiphoton microscopic detection of collagen without the need for species specific antibodies. - Burns, 37, 1001-1009, 2011.
61. Riemann I., Dimitrow E., Fischer P., Reif A., Kaatz M., Elsner P., König K. - High resolution multiphoton tomography of human skin in vivo and in vitro. - In: Femtosecond Laser Applications in Biology, S. Avrillier and J.-M. Tualle Ed., Proc. SPIE, 2004, p. 21-28.
62. Guo Y.C., Savage H.E., Liu F., Schantz S.P., Ho P.P., Alfano R.R. - Subsurface tumor progression investigated by noninvasive optical second harmonic tomography. - P Natl Acad Sci USA, 96, 10854-10856, 1999. (Pubitemid 29442233)
63. Chen J., Zhuo S., Jiang X., Zhu X., Zheng L., Xie S., Lin B., Zeng H. - Multiphoton microscopy study of the morphological and quantity changes of collagen and elastic fiber components in keloid disease. - J Biomed Opt, 16, 051305-6, 2011.
64. Roberts M.S., Dancik Y., Prow T.W., Thorling C.A., Lin L.L., Grice J.E., Robertson T.A., König K., Becker W. - Non-invasive imaging of skin physiology and percutaneous penetration using fluorescence spectral and lifetime imaging with multiphoton and confocal microscopy. - Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 77, 469-488, 2011.
65. Labouta H.I., Liu D.C., Lin L.L., Butler M.K., Grice J.E., Raphael A.P., Kraus T., El-Khordagui L.K., Soyer H.P., Roberts M.S., Schneider M., Prow T.W. - Gold nanoparticle penetration and reduced metabolism in human skin by toluene. - Pharm Res, 28, 2931-2944, 2011.
66. So P.T.C., Dong C.Y., Masters B.R., Berland K.M. - Two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy. - Annu Rev Biomed Eng, 2, 399-429, 2000.
67. Diaspro A. (Ed.) - Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy: Foundations, Applications, and Advances. - Wiley-Liss, 2002.
68. Zipfel W.R., Williams R.M., Webb W.W. - Nonlinear magic: multiphoton microscopy in the biosciences. - Nat Biotechnol, 21, 1368-1376, 2003.
69. Oheim M., Michael D.J., Geisbauer M., Madsen D., Chow R.H. - Principles of two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and other nonlinear imaging approaches. - Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 58, 788-808, 2006. (Pubitemid 44794344)
70. Göppert-Mayer M. - Über Elementarakte mit zwei Quantensprüngen. - Annalen der Physik, 9, 273-295, 1931.
71. Kaiser W., Garrett C.G.B.-Two-photon excitation in CaF2:Eu2+. - Phys Rev Lett, 7, 229-232, 1961.
72. König K. - Multiphoton microscopy in life sciences. - J Microsc, 200, 83-104, 2000.
73. Durr N.J., Weisspfennig C.T., Holfeld B.A., Ben-Yakar A. - Maximum imaging depth of two-photon autofluorescence microscopy in epithelial tissues. - J Biomed Opt, 16, 026008-13, 2011.
74. Piston D.W., Masters B.R., Webb W.W. - 3-dimensionally resolved Nad(P)H cellular metabolic redox imaging of the in-situ cornea with 2-photon excitation laser-scanning microscopy. - J Microsc, 178, 20-27, 1995.
75. Masters B.R., So P.T.C., Gratton E. - Multi-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy of in vivo human skin. - Biophys J, 72, 2405-2412, 1997. (Pubitemid 27227578)
76. Yu B., Kim K.H., So P.T., Blankschtein D., Langer R. - Visualization of oleic acid-induced transdermal diffusion pathways using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. - J Invest Dermatol, 120, 448-455, 2003. (Pubitemid 36298432)
77. Campagnola P.J., Millard A.C., Terasaki M., Hoppe P.E., Malone C.J., Mohler W.A. - Three-dimensional high-resolution second-harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins in biological tissues. - Biophys J, 82, 493-508, 2002. (Pubitemid 34289822)
78. Mohler W., Millard A.C., Campagnola P.J. - Second harmonic generation imaging of endogenous structural proteins. - Methods, 29, 97-109, 2003. (Pubitemid 36259916)
79. Bianchini P., Diaspro A. - Three-dimensional (3D) backward and forward second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy of biological tissues. - J Biophotonics, 1, 443-450, 2008.
80. Koehler M.J., König K., Elsner P., Bückle R., Kaatz M. - In vivo assessment of human skin aging by multiphoton laser scanning tomography. - Opt Lett, 31, 2879-2881, 2006. (Pubitemid 44600100)
81. Schenke-Layland K., Riemann I., Damour O., Stock U.A., König K. - Two-photon microscopes and in vivo multiphoton tomographs - Powerful diagnostic tools for tissue engineering and drug delivery. - Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 58, 878-896, 2006. (Pubitemid 44794345)
82. Bugiel I., König K., Wabnitz H. - Investigation of cells by fluorescence laser scanning microscopy with subnanosecond time resolution. - Losers Life Sci, 3, 47-53, 1989. (Pubitemid 19202851)
83. König K., Wabnitz H., Dietel W. - Variation in the fluorescence decay properties of haematoporphyrin derivative during its conversion to photoproducts. - J Photochem Photobiol B, 8, 103-111, 1990.
84. Lakowicz J.R. (Ed.) - Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy. - Springer, Berlin, 2006.
85. Becker W., Bergmann A., Hink M.A., König K., Benndorf K., Biskup C. - Fluorescence lifetime imaging by time-correlated single-photon counting. - Microsc Res Tech, 63, 58-66, 2004. (Pubitemid 37541971)
86. Suhling K., French P.M.W., Phillips D. - Time-resolved fluorescence microscopy. - Photoch Photobio Sci, 4, 13-22, 2005.
87. Sanders R., Gerritsen H.C., Draaijer A., Houpt P.M., van Veen S.J.F., Levine Y.K. - Confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging of pH in single cells. - In: Time-Resolved Laser Spectroscopy in Biochemistry IV, J.R. Lakowicz Ed., Proc. SPIE, 1994, p. 56-62.
88. Lakowicz J.R., Szmacinski H., Nowaczyk K., Johnson M.L. - Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Free and Protein-Bound Nadh. - P Natl Acad Sci USA, 89, 1271-1275, 1992.
89. Suhling K., Siegel J., Phillips D., French P.M.W., Leveque-Fort S., Webb S.E.D., Davis D.M. - Imaging the environment of green fluorescent protein. - Biophys J, 83, 3589-3595, 2002. (Pubitemid 36041976)
90. Gerritsen H.C., Asselbergs M.A., Agronskaia A.V., Van Sark W.G. - Fluorescence lifetime imaging in scanning microscopes: acquisition speed, photon economy and lifetime resolution. - J Microsc, 206, 218-224, 2002. (Pubitemid 34639419)
91. Peter M., Ameer-Beg S.M. - Imaging molecular interactions by multiphoton FLIM. - Biol Cell, 96, 231-236, 2004. (Pubitemid 38461447)
92. Sanchez W.Y., Prow T.W., Sanchez W.H., Grice J.E., Roberts M.S. - Analysis of the metabolic deterioration of ex vivo skin from ischemic necrosis through the imaging of intracellular NAD(P)H by multiphoton tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. - J Biomed Opt, 15, 046008-11, 2010.
93. Teuchner K., Freyer W., Leupold D., Volkmer A., Birch D.J.S., Altmeyer P., Stücker M., Hoffmann K. - Femtosecond two-photon excited fluorescence of melanin. - Photochem Photobiol, 70, 146-151, 1999. (Pubitemid 129549202)
94. Dimitrow E., Riemann I., Ehlers A., Koehler M.J., Norgauer J., Elsner P., König K., Kaatz M. - Spectral fluorescence lifetime detection and selective melanin imaging by multiphoton laser tomography for melanoma diagnosis. - Exp Dermatol, 18, 509-515, 2009.
95. De Giorgi V., Massi D., Sestini S., Cicchi R., Pavone F.S., Lotti T. - Combined non-linear laser imaging (two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, multispectral multiphoton microscopy) in cutaneous tumours: first experiences. - J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 23, 314-316, 2009.
96. Koehler M.J., Vogel T., Elsner P., König K., Bückle R., Kaatz M. - In vivo measurement of the human epidermal thickness in different localizations by multiphoton laser tomography. - Skin Res Technol, 16, 259-264, 2010.
97. Koehler M.J., Zimmermann S., Springer S., Elsner P., König K., Kaatz M. - Keratinocyte morphology of human skin evaluated by in vivo multiphoton laser tomography. - Skin Res Technol, 17, 479-486, 2011.
98. Paoli J., Smedh M., Ericson M.B. - Multiphoton laser scanning microscopy - a novel diagnostic method for superficial skin cancers. - Semin Cutan Med Surg, 28, 190-195, 2009.
99. Benati E., Bellini V., Borsari S., Dunsby C., Ferrari C., French P., Guanti M., Guardoli D., König K., Pellacani G., Ponti G., Schianchi S., Talbot C., Seidenari S. - Quantitative evaluation of healthy epidermis by means of multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. - Skin Res Technol, 17, 295-303, 2011.
100. Patalay R., Talbot C., Alexandrov Y., Munro I., Breunig H.G., König K., Warren S., Neil M.A.A., French P.M.W., Chu A., Stamp G.W., Dunsby C. - Non-invasive imaging of skin cancer with fluorescence lifetime imaging using two photon tomography. - In: Clinical and Biomedical Spectroscopy and Imaging II, N. Ramanujam and J. Popp Eds., Proc. SPIE, 2011, p. 808718-8.
101. Patalay R., Talbot C., Munro I., Breunig H.G., König K., Alexandrov Y., Warren S., Neil M.A.A., French P.M.W., Chu A., Stamp G.W., Dunsby C. - Fluorescence lifetime imaging of skin cancer. - in: Photonic Therapeutics and Diagnostics VII, N. Kollias et al. Eds., Proc. SPIE, 2011, p. 78830A-7.
102. Koehler M.J., Preller A., Kindler N., Elsner P., König K., Bückle R., Kaatz M. - Intrinsic, solar and sunbed-induced skin aging measured in vivo by multiphoton laser tomography and biophysical methods. - Skin Res Technol, 15, 357-363, 2009.
103. Torkian B.A., Yeh A.T., Engel R., Sun C.H., Tromberg B.J., Wong B.J. - Modeling aberrant wound healing using tissue-engineered skin constructs and multiphoton microscopy. - Arch Facial Plast Surg, 6, 180-187, 2004.
104. Yu B., Dong C.Y., So P.T.C., Blankschtein D., Langer R. - In vitro visualization and quantification of oleic acid induced changes in transdermal transport using two-photon fluorescence microscopy. - J Invest Dermatol, 117, 16-25, 2001. (Pubitemid 32652435)
105. Bender J., Simonsson C., Smedh M., Engström S., Ericson M.B. - Lipid cubic phases in topical drug delivery: Visualization of skin distribution using two-photon microscopy. - J Control Release, 129, 163-169, 2008.
106. Bird D.K., Schneider A.L., Watkinson A.C., Finnin B., Smith T.A. - Navigating transdermal diffusion with multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging. - J Microsc, 230, 61-69, 2008. (Pubitemid 351489991)
107. Lin L.L., Grice J.E., Butler M.K., Zvyagin A.V., Becker W., Robertson T.A., Soyer H.P., Roberts M.S., Prow T.W. - Time-correlated single photon counting for simultaneous monitoring of zinc oxide nanoparticles and NAD(P)H in intact and barrier-disrupted volunteer skin. - Pharm Res, 28, 2920-2930, 2011.
108. Durr N.J., Larson T., Smith D.K., Korgel B.A., Sokolov K., Ben-Yakar A. - Two-photon luminescence imaging of cancer cells using molecularly targeted gold nanorods. - Nano Lett, 7, 941-945, 2007. (Pubitemid 46717737)
109. Pantazis P., Maloney J., Wu D., Fraser S.E. - Second harmonic generating (SHG) nanoprobes for in vivo imaging. - Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107, 14535-14540, 2010.
110. Luengo J., Weiss B., Schneider M., Ehlers A., Stracke F., König K., Kostka K.H., Lehr C.M., Schaefer U.F. - Influence of nanoencapsulation on human skin transport of flufenamic acid. - Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 19, 190-197, 2006. (Pubitemid 44114517)
111. Stracke F., Weiss B., Lehr C.M., König K., Schaefer U.F., Schneider M. - Multiphoton microscopy for the investigation of dermal penetration of nanoparticle-borne drugs. - J Invest Dermatol, 126, 2224-2233, 2006. (Pubitemid 44413169)
112. Thyssen J.P., Linneberg A., Menné T., Johansen J.D. - The epide-miology of contact allergy in the general population-prevalence and main findings. - Contact Dermatitis, 57, 287-299, 2007.
113. Veien N.K. - Systemic contact dermatitis. - Int J Dermatol, 50, 1445-1456, 2011.
114. Simonsson C., Andersson S.I., Stenfeldt A.L., Bergström J., Bauer B., Jonsson C.A., Ericson M.B., Broo K.S. - Caged fluorescent haptens reveal the generation of cryptic epitopes in allergic contact dermatitis. - J Invest Dermatol, 131, 1486-1493, 2011.
115. Loftsson T., Brewster M.E. - Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins: basic science and product development. - J Pharm Pharmacol, 62, 1607-1621, 2010.
116. Loftsson T., Brewster M.E. - Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. 1. Drug solubilization and stabilization. - J Pharm Sci, 85, 1017-1025, 1996. (Pubitemid 26338912)
117. Stella V.J., Rajewski R.A. - Cyclodextrins: Their future in drug formulation and delivery. - Pharmaceut Res, 14, 556-567, 1997. (Pubitemid 27220271)
118. Brewster M.E., Loftsson T., Estes K.S., Lin J.L., Fridriksdottir H., Bodor N. - Effect of various cyclodextrins on solution stability and dissolution rate of doxorubicin hydrochloride. - Int J Pharm, 79, 289-299, 1992.
119. Yang J., Wiley C.J., Godwin D.A., Felton L.A. - Influence of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin on transdermal penetration and photostability of avobenzone. - Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 69, 605-612, 2008.
120. Ansari K.A., Vavia P.R., Trotta F., Cavalli R. - Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges for delivery of resveratrol: in vitro characterisation, stability, cytotoxicity and permeation study. - AAPS PharmSciTech, 12, 279-286, 2011.
121. Cirri M., Bragagni M., Mennini N., Mura P. - Development of a new delivery system consisting in "drug - in cyclodextrin - in nanostructured lipid carriers" for ketoprofen topical delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 46-53, 2011.
122. Kirejev V., Guldbrand S., Bauer B., Smedh M., Ericson M.B. - Novel nanocarriers for topical drug delivery: investigating delivery efficiency and distribution in skin using two-photon microscopy. - In: Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XI, A. Periasamy, K. König, and P.T.C. So Eds., Proc. SPIE, 2011, p. 79032S1-9.
123. Koehler M.J., Speicher M., Lange-Asschenfeldt S., Stockfleth E., Metz S., Elsner P., Kaatz M., König K. - Clinical application of multiphoton tomography in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy for in vivo evaluation of skin diseases. Exp Dermatol, 20, 589-594, 2011.
124. Park J., Estrada A., Schwartz J.A., Diagaradjane P., Krishnan S., Dunn A.K., Tunnell J.W. - Intra-organ biodistribution of gold nanoparticles using intrinsic two-photon induced photoluminescence. - Lasers Surg Med, 42, 630-639, 2010.
125. Li J.L., Goh C.C., Keeble J.L., Qin J.S., Roediger B., Jain R., Wang Y., Chew W.K., Weninger W., Ng L.G. - Intravital multiphoton imaging of immune responses in the mouse ear skin. - Nat Protoc, 7, 221-234, 2012.
126. Uchugonova A., Hoffman R.M., Weinigel M., König K. - Watching stem cells in the skin of living mice noninvasively. - Cell Cycle, 10, 2017-2020, 2011.
127. Lee A.M., Wang H., Yu Y., Tang S., Zhao J., Lui H., McLean D.I., Zeng H. - In vivo video rate multiphoton microscopy imaging of human skin. - Opt Lett, 36, 2865-2867, 2011.
128. Combs C.A., Smirnov A., Chess D., McGavern D.B., Schroeder J.L., Riley J., Kang S.S., Lugar-Hammer M., Gandjbakhche A., Knutson J.R., Balaban R.S. - Optimizing multiphoton fluorescence microscopy light collection from living tissue by noncontact total emission detection (epiTED). - J Microsc, 241, 153-161, 2011.
129. Bortoletto F., Bonoli C., Panizzolo P., Ciubotaru C.D., Mammano F. - Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy with GRIN objective aberration correction by low order adaptive optics. - PLoS One, 6, e22321, 2011.
130. Dal Maschio M., De Stasi A.M., Benfenati F., Fellin T. - Three-dimensional in vivo scanning microscopy with inertia-free focus control. - Opt Lett, 36, 3503-3505, 2011.
131. Hoy C.L., Ferhanoglu O., Yildirim M., Piyawattanametha W., Ra H., Solgaard O., Ben-Yakar A. - Optical design and imaging performance testing of a 9.6-mm diameter femtosecond laser microsurgery probe. - Opt Express, 19, 10536-10552, 2011.
132. Rivera D.R., Brown C.M., Ouzounov D.G., Webb W.W., Xu C. - Use of a lensed fiber for a large-field-of-view, high-resolution, fiber-scanning microendoscope. - Opt Lett, 37, 881-883, 2012.
133. Mathai S., Bird D.K., Stylli S.S., Smith T.A., Ghiggino K.P. Two-photon absorption cross-sections and time-resolved fluorescence imaging using porphyrin photosensitisers. - Photoch Photobio Sci, 6, 1019-1026, 2007. (Pubitemid 47313192)
134. Mir Y., van Lier J.E., Allard J.F., Morris D., Houde D. - Two-photon absorption cross section of excited phthalocyanines by a femtosecond Ti-sapphire laser. - Photoch Photobio Sci, 8, 391-395, 2009.
135. Padilha L.A., Webster S., Przhonska O.V., Hu H.H., Peceli D., Ensley T.R., Bondar M.V., Gerasov A.O., Kovtun Y.P., Shandura M.P., Kachkovski A.D., Hagan D.J., Van Stryland E.W. - Efficient two-photon absorbing acceptor-pi-acceptor polymethine dyes. - J Phys Chem A, 114, 6493-6501, 2010.
136. Ohta K., Yamada S., Kamada K., Slepkov A.D., Hegmann F.A., Tykwinski R.R., Shirtcliff L.D., Haley M.M., Salek P., Gel'mukhanov F., Agren H. - Two-photon absorption properties of two-dimensional pi-conjugated chromophores: combined experimental and theoretical study. - J Phys Chem A, 115, 105-117, 2011.
137. Weerasinghe A.J., Schmiesing C., Varaganti S., Ramakrishna G., Sinn E. - Single- and multiphoton turn-on fluorescent Fe(3+) sensors based on bis(rhodamine). - J Phys Chem B, 114, 9413-9419, 2010.
138. Huang C.B., Qu J.L., Qi J., Yan M., Xu G.X. - Dicyanostilbene-derived two-photon fluorescence probe for free zinc ions in live cells and tissues with a large two-photon action cross section. - Org Lett, 13, 1462-1465, 2011.
139. Huang C.B., Ding C.R. - Dicyanostilbene-derived two-photon fluorescence probe for lead ions in live cells and living tissues. - Anal Chim Acta, 699, 198-205, 2011.
140. Masanta G., Lim C.S., Kim H.J., Han J.H., Kim H.M., Cho B.R. - A mitochondrial-targeted two-photon probe for zinc ion. - J Am Chem Soc, 133, 5698-5700, 2011.
141. Liu L.Z., Dong X.H., Xiao Y., Lian W.L., Liu Z.H. - Two-photon excited fluorescent chemosensor for homogeneous determination of copper(II) in aqueous media and complicated biological matrix. - Analyst, 136, 2139-2145, 2011.
142. Hu M.Y., Li L., Wu H., Su Y., Yang P.Y., Uttamchandani M., Xu Q.H., Yao S.Q. - Multicolor, one- and two-photon imaging of enzymatic activities in live cells with fluorescently quenched activity-based probes (qABPs). - J Am Chem Soc, 133, 12009-12020, 2011.
143. Reeve J.E., Anderson H.L., Clays K. - Dyes for biological second harmonic generation imaging. - Phys Chem Chem Phys, 12, 13484-13498, 2010.
144. Drobizhev M., Makarov N.S., Tillo S.E., Hughes T.E., Rebane A. - Two-photon absorption properties of fluorescent proteins. - Nat Methods, 8, 393-399, 2011.
145. Drobizhev M., Tillo S., Makarov N.S., Hughes T.E., Rebane A. - Absolute two-photon absorption spectra and two-photon brightness of orange and red fluorescent proteins. - J Phys Chem B, 113, 855-859, 2009.
146. Nag O.K., Nayak R.R., Lim C.S., Kim I.H., Kyhm K., Cho B.R., Woo H.Y. - Two-photon absorption properties of cationic 1,4-bis(styryl)benzene derivative and its inclusion complexes with cyclodextrins. - J Phys Chem B, 114, 9684-9690, 2010.
147. Chen H., Wang H., Slipchenko M.N., Jung Y., Shi Y., Zhu J., Buhman K.K., Cheng J.X. -A multimodal platform for nonlinear optical microscopy and microspectroscopy. - Opt Express, 17, 1282-1290, 2009.
148. Wang H.W., Le T.T., Cheng J.X. - Label-free imaging of arterial cells and extracellular matrix using a multimodal CARS microscope. - Opt Commun, 281, 1813-1822, 2008. (Pubitemid 351274127)
149. Vogler N., Medyukhina A., Latka I., Kemper S., Böhm M., Dietzek B., Popp J. - Towards multimodal nonlinear optical tomography - experimental methodology. - Laser Phys Lett, 8, 617-624, 2011.
150. Cheng J.X., Xie X.S. - Coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy: instrumentation, theory, and applications. - J Phys Chem B, 108, 827-840, 2004.
151. König K., Breunig H.G., Bückle R., Kellner-Höfer M., Weinigel M., Büttner E., Sterry W., Lademann J. - Optical skin biopsies by clinical CARS and multiphoton fluorescence/SHG tomography. - Laser Phys Lett, 8, 465-468, 2011.
152. Breunig H.G., Bückle R., Kellner-Höfer M., Weinigel M., Lademann J., Sterry W., König K. - Combined in vivo multiphoton and CARS imaging of healthy and disease-affected human skin. - Microsc Res Tech, 492-498, 2011.
153. Planchon T.A., Gao L., Milkie D.E., Davidson M.W., Galbraith J.A., Galbraith C.G., Betzig E. - Rapid three-dimensional isotropic imaging of living cells using Bessel beam plane illumination. Nat Methods, 8, 417-423, 2011.
154. Bader A.N., Pena A.M., Johan van Voskuilen C., Paiera J.A., Leroy F., Colonna A., Gerritsen H.C. - Fast nonlinear spectral microscopy of in vivo human skin. - Biomed Opt Express, 2, 365-373, 2011.
155. Yazdanfar S., Chen Y.Y., So P.T.C., Laiho L.H. - Multifunctional imaging of endogenous contrast by simultaneous nonlinear and optical coherence microscopy of thick tissues. - Microsc Res Tech, 70, 628-633, 2007. (Pubitemid 47047888)
156. König K., Speicher M., Bückle R., Reckfort J., McKenzie G., Welzel J., Koehler M.J., Elsner P., Kaatz M. - Clinical optical coherence tomography combined with multiphoton tomography of patients with skin diseases. - J Biophotonics, 2, 389-397, 2009.
157. König K., Speicher M., Koehler M.J., Scharenberg R., Kaatz M. - Clinical application of multiphoton tomography in combination with high-frequency ultrasound for evaluation of skin diseases. - J Biophotonics, 3, 759-773, 2010.
158. Theer P., Denk W. - On the fundamental imaging-depth limit in two-photon microscopy. - J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis, 23, 3139-3149, 2006.
159. Guldbrand S., Simonsson C., Goksör M., Smedh M., Ericson M.B. - Two-photon fluorescence correlation microscopy combined with measurements of point spread function; investigations made in human skin. - Opt Express, 18, 15289-15302, 2010.
160. Magde D., Webb W.W., Elson E. - Thermodynamic fluctuations in a reacting system - measurement by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. - Phys Rev Lett, 29, 705-708, 1972.
161. Berland K.M., So P.T., Chen Y., Mantulin W.W., Gratton E. Scanning two-photon fluctuation correlation spectroscopy: particle counting measurements for detection of molecular aggregation. - Biophys J, 71, 410-420, 1996. (Pubitemid 26227327)
162. Alexandrakis G., Brown E.B., Tong R.T., McKee T.D., Campbell R.B., Boucher Y., Jain R.K. - Two-photon fluorescence correlation microscopy reveals the two-phase nature of transport in tumors. - Nat Med, 10, 203-207, 2004. (Pubitemid 38524893)