Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by transmission of mechanical stress through epithelial tissues

Cancer Microenvironment

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 29-38

  Gjorevski, Nikolce ^a   Boghaert, Eline ^a   Nelson, Celeste M ^a  

^a Princeton University   (United States)

Author keywords

Contractility; Force; Morphogenesis; MRTF

Indexed keywords

FOCAL ADHESION KINASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN KINASE; RHO KINASE; STROMELYSIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

CANCER INVASION; CELL JUNCTION; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; EPITHELIUM; EPITHELIUM CELL; EPITHELIZATION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; MECHANICAL STRESS; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; METASTASIS; MORPHOGENESIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SHEAR STRESS; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TUMOR GROWTH; TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT; YOUNG MODULUS;

EID: 84860610890     PISSN: 18752292     EISSN: 18752284     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12307-011-0076-5     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. ED Hay 1995 An overview of epithelio-mesenchymal transformation Acta Anat (Basel) 154 8 20 1:STN:280:DyaK283otFSlsA%3D%3D 10.1159/000147748 (Pubitemid 26101385)
2. MA Nieto 2001 The early steps of neural crest development Mech Dev 105 27 35 11429279 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXks1OmtLo%3D 10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00394-X (Pubitemid 32586757)
3. D Shook R Keller 2003 Mechanisms, mechanics and function of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in early development Mech Dev 120 1351 1383 14623443 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptVWnsrY%3D 10.1016/j.mod.2003.06.005 (Pubitemid 37421168)
4. D Tarin EW Thompson DF Newgreen 2005 The fallacy of epithelial mesenchymal transition in neoplasia Cancer Res 65 5996 6000 16024596 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmt1ehtrs%3D 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0699 (Pubitemid 40994379)
5. EW Thompson DF Newgreen D Tarin 2005 Carcinoma invasion and metastasis: a role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition? Cancer Res 65 5991 5995 16024595 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmt1ehtr0%3D 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0616 (Pubitemid 40994377)
6. Y Kang J Massague 2004 Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions: twist in development and metastasis Cell 118 277 279 15294153 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXmslKrs7w%3D 10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.011 (Pubitemid 39061108)
7. S Vega AV Morales OH Ocana F Valdes I Fabregat MA Nieto 2004 Snail blocks the cell cycle and confers resistance to cell death Genes Dev 18 1131 1143 15155580 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXktlCqs74%3D 10.1101/gad.294104 (Pubitemid 38669034)
8. CS Chen M Mrksich S Huang GM Whitesides DE Ingber 1997 Geometric control of cell life and death Science 276 1425 1428 9162012 1:CAS:528: DyaK2sXjsFOhu7s%3D 10.1126/science.276.5317.1425 (Pubitemid 27235413)
9. CM Nelson RP Jean JL Tan WF Liu NJ Sniadecki AA Spector CS Chen 2005 Emergent patterns of growth controlled by multicellular form and mechanics Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 11594 11599 16049098 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXpsFGgsbo%3D 10.1073/pnas.0502575102 (Pubitemid 41170771)
10. AJ Engler S Sen HL Sweeney DE Discher 2006 Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification Cell 126 677 689 16923388 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28Xpt1aktbg%3D 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.044 (Pubitemid 44233625)
11. R McBeath DM Pirone CM Nelson K Bhadriraju CS Chen 2004 Cell shape, cytoskeletal tension, and RhoA regulate stem cell lineage commitment Dev Cell 6 483 495 15068789 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjsFeqsbk%3D 10.1016/S1534-5807(04)00075-9 (Pubitemid 38456178)
12. EW Gomez QK Chen N Gjorevski CM Nelson 2010 Tissue geometry patterns epithelial-mesenchymal transition via intercellular mechanotransduction J Cell Biochem 110 44 51 20336666 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltVGitL8%3D
13. CM Nelson D Khauv MJ Bissell DC Radisky 2008 Change in cell shape is required for matrix metalloproteinase-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mammary epithelial cells J Cell Biochem 105 25 33 18506791 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFGns77N 10.1002/jcb.21821
14. DS Adams R Keller MAR Koehl 1990 The mechanics of notochord elongation, straightening and stiffening in the embryo of xenopus-laevis Development 110 115 130 2081454 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7osVSjsg%3D%3D
15. R Keller S Jansa 1992 Xenopus gastrulation without a blastocoele roof Dev Dyn 195 162 176 1301081 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3ksVCksw%3D%3D 10.1002/aja.1001950303 (Pubitemid 23119295)
16. DP Kiehart CG Galbraith KA Edwards WL Rickoll RA Montague 2000 Multiple forces contribute to cell sheet morphogenesis for dorsal closure in Drosophila J Cell Biol 149 471 490 10769037 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXislKqsbg%3D 10.1083/jcb.149.2.471 (Pubitemid 30227162)
17. MS Hutson Y Tokutake MS Chang JW Bloor S Venakides DP Kiehart GS Edwards 2003 Forces for morphogenesis investigated with laser microsurgery and quantitative modeling Science 300 145 149 12574496 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3sXis1CgtL8%3D 10.1126/science.1079552 (Pubitemid 36423049)
18. Y Toyama XG Peralta AR Wells DP Kiehart GS Edwards 2008 Apoptotic force and tissue dynamics during Drosophila embryogenesis Science 321 1683 1686 18802000 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFamtrvP 10.1126/science.1157052
19. N Desprat W Supatto PA Pouille E Beaurepaire E Farge 2008 Tissue deformation modulates twist expression to determine anterior midgut differentiation in Drosophila embryos Dev Cell 15 470 477 18804441 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhtFOit7jO 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.07.009
20. E Farge 2003 Mechanical induction of twist in the Drosophila foregut/stomodeal primordium Curr Biol 13 1365 1377 12932320 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXmslentLY%3D 10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00576-1 (Pubitemid 37029426)
21. KA Moore T Polte S Huang B Shi E Alsberg ME Sunday DE Ingber 2005 Control of basement membrane remodeling and epithelial branching morphogenesis in embryonic lung by Rho and cytoskeletal tension Dev Dyn 232 268 281 15614768 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhsFansbg%3D 10.1002/dvdy.20237 (Pubitemid 40129780)
22. L Michael DE Sweeney JA Davies 2005 A role for microfilament-based contraction in branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud Kidney Int 68 2010 2018 16221201 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1SgtbnN 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00655.x (Pubitemid 43117776)
23. N Gjorevski CM Nelson 2010 Endogenous patterns of mechanical stress are required for branching morphogenesis Integr Biol 2 424 434 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXht1Kjt77I 10.1039/c0ib00040j
24. MA Stull V Pai AJ Vomachka AM Marshall GA Jacob ND Horseman 2007 Mammary gland homeostasis employs serotonergic regulation of epithelial tight junctions Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104 16708 16713 17940054 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1Wmu7vM 10.1073/pnas.0708136104 (Pubitemid 350211081)
25. G Fritz I Just B Kaina 1999 Rho GTPases are over-expressed in human tumors Int J Cancer 81 682 687 10328216 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtF2kt7o%3D 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19990531)81:5<682::AID-IJC2>3.0.CO;2-B (Pubitemid 29214373)
26. DR Croft E Sahai G Mavria SX Li J Tsai WMF Lee CJ Marshall MF Olson 2004 Conditional ROCK activation in vivo induces tumor cell dissemination and angiogenesis Cancer Res 64 8994 9001 15604264 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhtVOmsLvL 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2052 (Pubitemid 39665509)
27. G Akiri E Sabo H Dafni Z Vadasz Y Kartvelishvily N Gan O Kessler T Cohen M Resnick M Neeman G Neufeld 2003 Lysyl oxidase-related protein-1 promotes tumor fibrosis and tumor progression in vivo Cancer Res 63 1657 1666 12670920 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXisFahsrw%3D (Pubitemid 36373659)
28. KR Levental H Yu L Kass JN Lakins M Egeblad JT Erler SF Fong K Csiszar A Giaccia W Weninger M Yamauchi DL Gasser VM Weaver 2009 Matrix crosslinking forces tumor progression by enhancing integrin signaling Cell 139 891 906 19931152 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXksFWltQ%3D%3D 10.1016/j.cell.2009.10.027
29. MJ Paszek N Zahir KR Johnson JN Lakins GI Rozenberg A Gefen CA Reinhart-King SS Margulies M Dembo D Boettiger DA Hammer VM Weaver 2005 Tensional homeostasis and the malignant phenotype Cancer Cell 8 241 254 16169468 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtV2gt7vO 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.08.010 (Pubitemid 41317594)
30. JP Thiery H Acloque RY Huang MA Nieto 2009 Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in development and disease Cell 139 871 890 19945376 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXksFWltA%3D%3D 10.1016/j.cell.2009.11.007
31. M Zeisberg EG Neilson 2009 Biomarkers for epithelial-mesenchymal transitions J Clin Invest 119 1429 1437 19487819 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXntVCjtro%3D 10.1172/JCI36183
32. JP Thiery 2002 Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression Nat Rev Cancer 2 442 454 12189386 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xksl2ltr8%3D 10.1038/nrc822
33. R Kalluri RA Weinberg 2009 The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition J Clin Invest 119 1420 1428 19487818 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXntVCjtr0%3D 10.1172/JCI39104
34. R Kalluri 2009 EMT: when epithelial cells decide to become mesenchymal-like cells J Clin Invest 119 1417 1419 19487817 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXntVCjtrw%3D 10.1172/JCI39675
35. J Zavadil EP Bottinger 2005 TGF-beta and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions Oncogene 24 5764 5774 16123809 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXptVertbw%3D 10.1038/sj.onc.1208927 (Pubitemid 43086136)
36. U Valcourt M Kowanetz H Niimi CH Heldin A Moustakas 2005 TGF-beta and the Smad signaling pathway support transcriptomic reprogramming during epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition Mol Biol Cell 16 1987 2002 15689496 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjt1KqtbY%3D 10.1091/mbc.E04-08-0658 (Pubitemid 40471965)
37. J Zavadil L Cermak N Soto-Nieves EP Bottinger 2004 Integration of TGF-beta/Smad and Jagged1/Notch signalling in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition EMBO J 23 1155 1165 14976548 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhvFChurw%3D 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600069 (Pubitemid 38436879)
38. J Xu S Lamouille R Derynck 2009 TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition Cell Res 19 156 172 19153598 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXht1amsL4%3D 10.1038/cr.2009.5
39. YC Yang E Piek J Zavadil D Liang D Xie J Heyer P Pavlidis R Kucherlapati AB Roberts EP Bottinger 2003 Hierarchical model of gene regulation by transforming growth factor beta Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 10269 10274 12930890 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXntFygurs%3D 10.1073/pnas.1834070100 (Pubitemid 37071868)
40. MA Nieto 2002 The snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3 155 166 11994736 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XitFShsL4%3D 10.1038/nrm757
41. E Batlle E Sancho C Franci D Dominguez M Monfar J Baulida A Garcia De Herreros 2000 The transcription factor snail is a repressor of E-cadherin gene expression in epithelial tumour cells Nat Cell Biol 2 84 89 10655587 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVyltLo%3D 10.1038/35000034
42. K Hemavathy SC Guru J Harris JD Chen YT Ip 2000 Human Slug is a repressor that localizes to sites of active transcription Mol Cell Biol 20 5087 5095 10866665 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXks1OjsrY%3D 10.1128/MCB.20.14.5087-5095.2000 (Pubitemid 30431562)
43. V Bolos H Peinado MA Perez-Moreno MF Fraga M Esteller A Cano 2003 The transcription factor Slug represses E-cadherin expression and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transitions: a comparison with Snail and E47 repressors J Cell Sci 116 499 511 12508111 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhtlOgs78%3D 10.1242/jcs.00224 (Pubitemid 36231290)
44. KM Hajra DY Chen ER Fearon 2002 The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer Cancer Res 62 1613 1618 11912130 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XisVSisL8%3D (Pubitemid 34408479)
45. A Cano MA Perez-Moreno I Rodrigo A Locascio MJ Blanco MG del Barrio F Portillo MA Nieto 2000 The transcription factor snail controls epithelial-mesenchymal transitions by repressing E-cadherin expression Nat Cell Biol 2 76 83 10655586 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVyltLw%3D 10.1038/35000025
46. NA Bhowmick M Ghiassi A Bakin M Aakre CA Lundquist ME Engel CL Arteaga HL Moses 2001 Transforming growth factor-beta1 mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation through a RhoA-dependent mechanism Mol Biol Cell 12 27 36 11160820 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXlvFKlsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32060576)
47. M Fukata K Kaibuchi 2001 Rho-family GTPases in cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2 887 897 11733768 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD3MXptF2rtL4%3D 10.1038/35103068 (Pubitemid 33674088)
48. DC Radisky DD Levy LE Littlepage H Liu CM Nelson JE Fata D Leake EL Godden DG Albertson MA Nieto Z Werb MJ Bissell 2005 Rac1b and reactive oxygen species mediate MMP-3-induced EMT and genomic instability Nature 436 123 127 16001073 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXlvVGiurk%3D 10.1038/nature03688 (Pubitemid 40966197)
49. AK Harris P Wild D Stopak 1980 Silicone-rubber substrata-new wrinkle in the study of cell locomotion Science 208 177 179 6987736 1:STN:280: DyaL3c7kslChtQ%3D%3D 10.1126/science.6987736 (Pubitemid 10072133)
50. M Dembo YL Wang 1999 Stresses at the cell-to-substrate interface during locomotion of fibroblasts Biophys J 76 2307 2316 10096925 1:CAS:528: DyaK1MXit1Ojsbk%3D 10.1016/S0006-3495(99)77386-8 (Pubitemid 29266384)
51. RJ Pelham YL Wang 1999 High resolution detection of mechanical forces exerted by locomoting fibroblasts on the substrate Mol Biol Cell 10 935 945 10198048 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXisVGks7w%3D
52. JL Tan J Tien DM Pirone DS Gray K Bhadriraju CS Chen 2003 Cells lying on a bed of microneedles: an approach to isolate mechanical force Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 1484 1489 12552122 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXhsFGksbk%3D 10.1073/pnas.0235407100 (Pubitemid 36254472)
53. M ChrzanowskaWodnicka K Burridge 1996 Rho-stimulated contractility drives the formation of stress fibers and focal adhesions J Cell Biol 133 1403 1415 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjslKjt74%3D 10.1083/jcb.133.6.1403 (Pubitemid 26192339)
54. ML Landsverk HF Epstein 2005 Genetic analysis of myosin II assembly and organization in model organisms Cell Mol Life Sci 62 2270 2282 16142426 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1ShsbrI 10.1007/s00018-005-5176-2 (Pubitemid 41500543)
55. M Amano M Ito K Kimura Y Fukata K Chihara T Nakano Y Matsuura K Kaibuchi 1996 Phosphorylation and activation of myosin by Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase) J Biol Chem 271 20246 20249 8702756 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xlt1ygt7Y%3D 10.1074/jbc.271.34.20246 (Pubitemid 26281788)
56. T Ishizaki M Naito K Fujisawa M Maekawa N Watanabe Y Saito S Narumiya 1997 p160(ROCK), a Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase, works downstream of Rho and induces focal adhesions FEBS Lett 404 118 124 9119047 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXhsFKktrw%3D 10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00107-5 (Pubitemid 27113436)
57. K Kimura M Ito M Amano K Chihara Y Fukata M Nakafuku B Yamamori J Feng T Nakano K Okawa A Iwamatsu K Kaibuchi 1996 Regulation of myosin phosphatase by Rho and Rho-associated kinase (Rho-kinase) Science 273 245 248 8662509 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xkt1Crs7Y%3D 10.1126/science.273.5272.245 (Pubitemid 26285892)
58. CS Chen 2008 Mechanotransduction-a field pulling together? J Cell Sci 121 3285 3292 18843115 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVaitLrL 10.1242/jcs.023507
59. CG Galbraith KM Yamada MP Sheetz 2002 The relationship between force and focal complex development J Cell Biol 159 695 705 12446745 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD38XptVyqtbk%3D 10.1083/jcb.200204153
60. MA Wozniak R Desai PA Solski CJ Der PJ Keely 2003 ROCK-generated contractility regulates breast epithelial cell differentiation in response to the physical properties of a three-dimensional collagen matrix J Cell Biol 163 583 595 14610060 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXovFCnu7w%3D 10.1083/jcb.200305010 (Pubitemid 37429871)
61. K Burridge K Fath T Kelly G Nuckolls C Turner 1988 Focal adhesions-transmembrane junctions between the extracellular-matrix and the cytoskeleton Annu Rev Cell Biol 4 487 525 3058164 1:CAS:528:DyaL1MXltlehtw%3D%3D 10.1146/annurev.cb.04.110188.002415 (Pubitemid 19139264)
62. S Miyamoto SK Akiyama KM Yamada 1995 Synergistic roles for receptor occupancy and aggregation in integrin transmembrane function Science 267 883 885 7846531 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjslCms70%3D 10.1126/science.7846531
63. CA Reinhart-King M Dembo DA Hammer 2008 Cell-cell mechanical communication through compliant substrates Biophys J 95 6044 6051 18775964 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXotFGl 10.1529/biophysj.107.127662
64. H McNeill TA Ryan SJ Smith WJ Nelson 1993 Spatial and temporal dissection of immediate and early events following cadherin-mediated epithelial cell adhesion J Cell Biol 120 1217 1226 8436592 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXnslyqsQ%3D%3D 10.1083/jcb.120.5.1217 (Pubitemid 23064176)
65. CL Adams WJ Nelson 1998 Cytomechanics of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion Curr Opin Cell Biol 10 572 577 9818166 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXntVSgurs%3D 10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80031-8 (Pubitemid 28477014)
66. SM Dudek JG Garcia 2001 Cytoskeletal regulation of pulmonary vascular permeability J Appl Physiol 91 1487 1500 11568129 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnsFSlsr8%3D (Pubitemid 32900340)
67. LV Beloussov JG Dorfman VG Cherdantzev 1975 Mechanical stresses and morphological patterns in amphibian embryos J Embryol Exp Morphol 34 559 574 1082486 1:STN:280:DyaE287itFKrsA%3D%3D
68. SA Ruiz CS Chen 2008 Emergence of patterned stem cell differentiation within multicellular structures Stem Cells 26 2921 2927 18703661 10.1634/stemcells.2008-0432
69. D Tang D Mehta SJ Gunst 1999 Mechanosensitive tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase in tracheal smooth muscle Am J Physiol 276 C250 C258 9886941 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXntlWjsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29063588)
70. Y Yano J Geibel BE Sumpio 1996 Tyrosine phosphorylation of pp 125FAK and paxillin in aortic endothelial cells induced by mechanical strain Am J Physiol 271 C635 C649 8770005 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XlsV2ksrY%3D
71. HB Wang M Dembo SK Hanks YL Wang 2001 Focal adhesion kinase is involved in mechanosensing during fibroblast migration Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 11295 11300 11572981 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnt1yqtL0%3D 10.1073/pnas.201201198 (Pubitemid 32928722)
72. Y Wang EL Botvinick Y Zhao MW Berns S Usami RY Tsien S Chien 2005 Visualizing the mechanical activation of Src Nature 434 1040 1045 15846350 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXjsVequ7o%3D 10.1038/nature03469 (Pubitemid 40586054)
73. DD Schlaepfer SK Mitra 2004 Multiple connections link FAK to cell motility and invasion Curr Opin Genet Dev 14 92 101 15108811 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXps1yktg%3D%3D 10.1016/j.gde.2003.12.002 (Pubitemid 38167483)
74. G von Wichert D Krndija H Schmid G Haerter G Adler T Seufferlein MP Sheetz 2008 Focal adhesion kinase mediates defects in the force-dependent reinforcement of initial integrin-cytoskeleton linkages in metastatic colon cancer cell lines Eur J Cell Biol 87 1 16 10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.07.008 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhvF2gtb0%3D (Pubitemid 350246274)
75. Y Lim ST Lim A Tomar M Gardel JA Bernard-Trifilo XL Chen SA Uryu R Canete-Soler J Zhai H Lin WW Schlaepfer P Nalbant G Bokoch D Ilic C Waterman-Storer DD Schlaepfer 2008 PyK2 and FAK connections to p190Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor regulate RhoA activity, focal adhesion formation, and cell motility J Cell Biol 180 187 203 18195107 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXnsFyltQ%3D%3D 10.1083/jcb.200708194
76. DM Pirone WF Liu SA Ruiz L Gao S Raghavan CA Lemmon LH Romer CS Chen 2006 An inhibitory role for FAK in regulating proliferation: a link between limited adhesion and RhoA-ROCK signaling J Cell Biol 174 277 288 16847103 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XntFaqtr0%3D 10.1083/jcb.200510062 (Pubitemid 44079862)
77. L Bao S Locovei G Dahl 2004 Pannexin membrane channels are mechanosensitive conduits for ATP FEBS Lett 572 65 68 15304325 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmsVGhsL4%3D 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.009 (Pubitemid 39092514)
78. Sukharev S, Corey DP (2004) Mechanosensitive channels: multiplicity of families and gating paradigms. Sci STKE 2004:re4
79. G Baneyx L Baugh V Vogel 2002 Fibronectin extension and unfolding within cell matrix fibrils controlled by cytoskeletal tension Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 5139 5143 11959962 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjtFKmur4%3D 10.1073/pnas.072650799 (Pubitemid 34411516)
80. DA Starr M Han 2003 ANChors away: an actin based mechanism of nuclear positioning J Cell Sci 116 211 216 12482907 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpvVKgtQ%3D%3D 10.1242/jcs.00248 (Pubitemid 36163862)
81. MS Zastrow S Vlcek KL Wilson 2004 Proteins that bind A-type lamins: integrating isolated clues J Cell Sci 117 979 987 14996929 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXjsVyru7s%3D 10.1242/jcs.01102 (Pubitemid 38456080)
82. Q Zhang JN Skepper F Yang JD Davies L Hegyi RG Roberts PL Weissberg JA Ellis CM Shanahan 2001 Nesprins: a novel family of spectrin-repeat-containing proteins that localize to the nuclear membrane in multiple tissues J Cell Sci 114 4485 4498 11792814 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnvFKltQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 34082869)
83. G Elberg L Chen D Elberg MD Chan CJ Logan MA Turman 2008 MKL1 mediates TGF-beta1-induced alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in human renal epithelial cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 294 F1116 F1128 18337547 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXmtVWntbY%3D 10.1152/ajprenal.00142.2007
84. T Morita T Mayanagi K Sobue 2007 Dual roles of myocardin-related transcription factors in epithelial mesenchymal transition via slug induction and actin remodeling J Cell Biol 179 1027 1042 18056415 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2sXhsVeisb7K 10.1083/jcb.200708174 (Pubitemid 350223496)
85. G Posern R Treisman 2006 Actin' together: serum response factor, its cofactors and the link to signal transduction Trends Cell Biol 16 588 596 17035020 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFens73E 10.1016/j.tcb.2006.09.008 (Pubitemid 44636222)
86. EN Olson A Nordheim 2010 Linking actin dynamics and gene transcription to drive cellular motile functions Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 11 353 365 20414257 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXltV2lurs%3D 10.1038/nrm2890
87. F Miralles G Posern AI Zaromytidou R Treisman 2003 Actin dynamics control SRF activity by regulation of its coactivator MAL Cell 113 329 342 12732141 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjslOlur8%3D 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00278-2 (Pubitemid 36556115)
88. MK Vartiainen S Guettler B Larijani R Treisman 2007 Nuclear actin regulates dynamic subcellular localization and activity of the SRF cofactor MAL Science 316 1749 1752 17588931 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXms1Wgsb8%3D 10.1126/science.1141084 (Pubitemid 46988550)
89. J Rosenblatt MC Raff LP Cramer 2001 An epithelial cell destined for apoptosis signals its neighbors to extrude it by an actin- and myosin-dependent mechanism Curr Biol 11 1847 1857 11728307 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXovVCns70%3D 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00587-5 (Pubitemid 33136524)
90. K Somogyi P Rorth 2004 Evidence for tension-based regulation of Drosophila MAL and SRF during invasive cell migration Dev Cell 7 85 93 15239956 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXntVCiu7g%3D 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.05.020 (Pubitemid 39172690)
91. JT Connelly JE Gautrot B Trappmann DW Tan G Donati WT Huck FM Watt 2010 Actin and serum response factor transduce physical cues from the microenvironment to regulate epidermal stem cell fate decisions Nat Cell Biol 12 711 718 20581838 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXot1Wmtbg%3D 10.1038/ncb2074
92. Mouilleron S, Langer CA, Guettler S, McDonald NQ, Treisman R (2011) Structure of a pentavalent G-Actin MRTF-A complex reveals how G-Actin controls nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of a transcriptional coactivator. Sci Signal 4:ra40
93. A Masszi P Speight E Charbonney M Lodyga H Nakano K Szaszi A Kapus 2010 Fate-determining mechanisms in epithelial-myofibroblast transition: major inhibitory role for Smad3 J Cell Biol 188 383 399 20123992 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXitVahs7Y%3D 10.1083/jcb.200906155
94. A Masszi A Kapus 2011 Smaddening complexity: the role of smad3 in epithelial-myofibroblast transition Cells Tissues Organs 193 41 52 21051861 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsFOgtb%2FN 10.1159/000320180
95. BM Gumbiner 2005 Regulation of cadherin-mediated adhesion in morphogenesis Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6 622 634 16025097 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXmvVGhtrk%3D 10.1038/nrm1699 (Pubitemid 41081266)
96. DS Micalizzi SM Farabaugh HL Ford 2010 Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer: parallels between normal development and tumor progression J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 15 117 134 20490631 10.1007/s10911-010-9178-9
97. LE O'Brien MM Zegers KE Mostov 2002 Opinion: building epithelial architecture: insights from three-dimensional culture models Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3 531 537 12094219 10.1038/nrm859 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkvFKmur4%3D (Pubitemid 34733434)
98. CM Nelson MM Vanduijn JL Inman DA Fletcher MJ Bissell 2006 Tissue geometry determines sites of mammary branching morphogenesis in organotypic cultures Science 314 298 300 17038622 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVOgtrvJ 10.1126/science.1131000 (Pubitemid 44571974)
99. Lee K, Gjorevski N, Boghaert E, Radisky DC, Nelson CM (2011) Snail1, Snail2, and E47 promote mammary epithelial branching morphogenesis. EMBO J
100. Arnoux V, Come C, Kusewitt D, Hudson L, Savagner P (2005) Cutaneous wound reepithelialization: a partial and reversible EMT. In: Savagner P (ed) Rise and fall of epithelial phenotype: concepts of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Springer, Berlin, pp 111-134
101. DI Higton DW James 1964 The force of contraction of full-thickness wounds of rabbit skin Br J Surg 51 462 466 14171056 1:STN:280:DyaF2c7ivFSgtw%3D%3D 10.1002/bjs.1800510616
102. JJ Tomasek G Gabbiani B Hinz C Chaponnier RA Brown 2002 Myofibroblasts and mechano-regulation of connective tissue remodelling Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3 349 363 11988769 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XjsFOgsbw%3D 10.1038/nrm809 (Pubitemid 34619269)
103. JJ Tomasek J McRae GK Owens CJ Haaksma 2005 Regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in granulation tissue myofibroblasts is dependent on the intronic CArG element and the transforming growth factor-beta1 control element Am J Pathol 166 1343 1351 15855636 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXksFGmtL0%3D 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)62353-X (Pubitemid 40586506)
104. M Oft KH Heider H Beug 1998 TGFbeta signaling is necessary for carcinoma cell invasiveness and metastasis Curr Biol 8 1243 1252 9822576 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXnsFOqsL0%3D 10.1016/S0960-9822(07)00533-7 (Pubitemid 28540052)
105. T Brabletz A Jung S Reu M Porzner F Hlubek LA Kunz-Schughart R Knuechel T Kirchner 2001 Variable beta-catenin expression in colorectal cancers indicates tumor progression driven by the tumor environment Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98 10356 10361 11526241 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmvFWiu7o%3D 10.1073/pnas.171610498 (Pubitemid 32803024)