Kinins: Kallikreins and kinins in cancer

Kinins

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 217-245

  Ehrenfeld, Pamela ^a   Figueroa, Carlos D ^a   Bhoola, Kanti D ^b  

^a UNIVERSIDAD AUSTRAL DE CHILE   (Chile)

^b SIR CHARLES GAIRDNER HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84858228466     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1515/9783110252354     Document Type: Chapter

References (167)

1. Aimes, R.T., Zijlstra, A., Hooper, J.D., Ogbourne, S.M., Sit, M.L., Fuchs, S., Gotley, D.C., Quigley, J.P., and Antalis, T.M. (2003). Endothelial cell serine proteases expressed during vascular morphogenesis and angiogenesis. Thromb. Haemost. 89, 561-572.
2. Albini, A., and Sporn, M.B. (2007). The tumor microenvironment as a target for chemoprevention. Nature 7, 139-146.
3. 2 receptors in melanoma cells. Peptides 31, 238-241.
4. Avgeris, M., Mavridis, K., and Scorilas, A. (2010). Kallikrein-related peptidase genes as promising biomarkers for prognosis and monitoring of human malignancies. Biol. Chem. 391, 505-51 1.
5. Bacac, M., and Stamenkovic, I. (2008). Metastatic cancer cell. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 3, 221-247.
6. Banik, R.K., Kozaki, Y., Sato, J., Gera, L., and Mizumura, K. (2001). B2 receptor-mediated enhanced bradykinin sensitivy of rat cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors during persistent inflammation. J. Neurophysiol. 86, 2727-2735.
7. Barki-Harrington, L., Bookout, A.L., Wang, G., Lamb, M.E., Leeb-Lundberg, L.M., and Daaka, Y. (2003). Requirement for direct cross-talk between B1 and B2 kinin receptors for the proliferation of androgen-insensitive prostate cancer PC3 cells. Biochem. J. 2, 581-587.
8. Barki-Harrington, L., and Daaka, Y. (2001). Bradykinin induced mitogenesis of androgen independent prostate cancer cells. J. Urol. 165, 2121-2125.
9. Bhola, N.E., and Grandis, J.R. (2008). Crosstalk between G protein-coupled receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor in cancer. Front. Biosci. 13, 1857-1865.
10. Bhoola, K.D., Misso, N.L., Naran, A., and Thompson, P.J. (2007). Current status of tissue kal-likrein inhibitors: importance in cancer. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 8, 462-468.
11. Bhoola, K., Ramsaroop, R., Plendl, J., Cassim, B., Dlamini, Z., and Naicker, S. (2001). Kal-likrein and kinin receptor expression in inflammation and cancer. Biol. Chem. 382, 77-89.
12. Bhoola, K.D., Worthy, K., and Figueroa, C.D. (1992). Bioregulation of kinins: kallikreins, ki-ninogens, and kininases. Pharmacol. Rev. 44, 1-80.
13. Biyashev, D., Tan, F., Chen, Z., Zhang, K., Deddish, P.A., Erdos, E.G., and Hecquet, C. (2006). Kallikrein activates bradykinin B2 receptors in absence of kininogen. Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 290, H1244-H1250.
14. Blais, C.Jr., Marceau, F., Rouleau, J.L., and Adam, A. (2000). The kallikrein-kininogen kinin system: lessons from the quantification of endogenous kinins. Peptides 21, 1903-1940.
15. Borgoño, C.A., and Diamandis, E.P. (2004). The emerging roles of human tissue kallikreins in cancer. Nat. Rev. Cancer 4, 876-890.
16. Brechter, A.B., Persson, E., Lundgren, I., and Lerner, U.H. (2008). Kinin B1 and B2 receptor expression in osteoblasts and fibroblasts is enhanced by interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Effects dependent on activation of NF-kappaB and MAP kinases. Bone 43, 72-83.
17. Calixto, J.B., Cabrini, D.A., Ferreira, J., and Campos, M.M. (2000). Kinins in pain and inflammation. Pain 87, 1-5.
18. Calixto, J.B., Medeiros, R., Fernandes, E.S., Ferreira, J., Cabrini, D.A., and Campos, M.M. (2004) . Kinin B1 receptors: key G-protein-coupled receptors and their role in inflammatory and painful processes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 143, 803-818.
19. Campbell, D.J. (2000). Towards understanding the kallikrein-kinin system: insights from measurement of kinin peptides. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 33, 665-677.
20. Campos, M.M., Souza, G.E., and Calixto, J.B. (1999). In vivo B1 kinin-receptor upregulation. Evidence for involvement of protein kinases and nuclear factor kappaB pathways. Br. J. Pharmacol. 127, 1851-1859.
21. Chan, D., Gera, L., Stewart, J., Helfrich, B., Verella-Garcia, M., Johnson, G., Baron, A., Yang, J., Puck, T., and Bunn, P., Jr. (2002). Bradykinin antagonist dimer, CU201, inhibits the growth of human lung cancer cell lines by a "biased agonist" mechanism. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 4608-4613.
22. Chang, A., Yousef, G.M., Jung, K., Rajpert-De Meyts, E., and Diamandis, E.P. (2001). Identification and molecular characterization of five novel kallikrein gene 13 (KLK13; KLK-L4) splice variants: differential expression in the human testis and testicular cancer. Anticancer. Res. 21, 3147-3152.
23. Chao, J., and Chao, L. (1995). Biochemistry, regulation and potential function of kallistatin. Biol. Chem. 376, 705-713.
24. Chao, J., Tillman, D.M., Wang, M.Y., Margolius, H.S., and Chao, L. (1986). Identification of a new tissue-kallikrein-binding protein. Biochem. J. 239, 325-331.
25. Chee, J., Singh, J., Naran, A., Misso, N.L., Thompson, P.J., and Bhoola, K.D. (2007). Novel expression of kallikreins, kallikrein-related peptidases and kinin receptors in human pleural mesothelioma. Biol. Chem. 388, 1235-1242.
26. Chee, J., Naran, A., Misso, N.L., Thompson, P.J., and Bhoola, K.D. (2008). Expression of tissue and plasma kallikreins and kinin B1 and B2 receptors in lung cancer. Biol. Chem. 389, 1225-1233.
27. Clements, J., and Mukhtar, A. (1997). Tissue kallikrein and bradykinin B2 receptor are expressed in endometrial and prostate cancer. Int. Immunopharmacol. 36, 217-220.
28. Clements, J.A., Willemsen, N.M., Myers, S.A., and Dong, Y. (2004). The tissue kallikrein family of serine proteases: functional roles in human disease and potential as clinical biomarkers. Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. Sci. 41, 265-312.
29. Colman, R.W. (2006). Regulation of angiogenesis by the kallikrein-kinin system. Curr. Pharm. Des. 12, 2599-2607.
30. Correa, M., Machado, J., Jr., Carneiro, C.R., Pesquero, J.B., Bader, M., Travassos, L.R., Chammas, R., and Jassiulionis, M.G. (2005). Transient inflammatory response induced by apoptotic cells is an important mediator of melanoma cell engraftment and growth. Int. J. Cancer 114, 356-363.
31. Costa-Neto, C.M., Dillenburg-Pilla, P., Heinrich, T.A., Parreiras-e-Silva, L.T., Pereira, M.G., Reis, R.I., and Souza, P.P. (2008). Participation of kallikrein-kinin system in different pathologies. Int. Immunopharmacol. 8, 135-142.
32. Cote, J., Savard, M., Bovenzi, V., Dubuc, C., Tremblay, L., Tsanaclis, A.M., Fortin D., Lepage, M., and Gobeil, F., Jr. (2010). Selective tumor blood-brain barrier opening with the kinin B2 receptor agonist [Phe(8)psi(CH(2)NH)Arg(9)]-BK in a F98 glioma rat model: an MRI study. Neuropeptides 44, 177-185.
33. Coussens, L.M., and Pollard, J.W. (2011). Leukocytes in mammary development and cancer. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 3, pii: a003285.
34. Coussens, L.M., and Werb, Z. (2002). Inflammation and cancer. Nature 420, 860-867.
35. Deperthes, D., Frenette, G., Brillard-Bourdet, M., Bourgeois, L., Gauthier, F., Tremblay, R.R., and Dubé, J.Y. (1996). Potential involvement of kallikrein hK2 in the hydrolysis of the human seminal vesicle proteins after ejaculation. J. Androl. 17, 659-665.
36. Dhar, S., Bhargava, R., Yunes, M., Li, B., Goyal, J., Naber, S.P., Wazer, D.E., and Band, V. (2001). Analysis of normal epithelial cell specific-1 (NES1)/kallikrein 10 mRNA expression by in situ hybridization, a novel marker for breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 3393-3408.
37. Dlamini, Z., Raidoo, D., and Bhoola, K.D. (1999). Visualisation of tissue kallikrein and kinin receptors in oesophageal carcinoma. Int. Immunopharmacol. 43, 303-310.
38. Dominek, P., Campagnolo, P., H-Zadeh, M., Krankel, N., Chilosi, M., Sharman, J.A., Caporali, A., Mangialardi, G., Spinetti, G., Emanueli, C., Pignatelli, M., and Madeddu, P. (2010). Role of human tissue kallikrein in gastrointestinal stromal tumor invasion. Br. J. Cancer 103, 1422-1431.
39. Dong, Y., Kausha, A., Brattsand, M., Nicklin, J., and Clements, J.A. (2003). Differential splicing of KLK5 and KLK7 in epithelial ovarian cancer produces novel variants with potential as cancer biomarkers. Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 1710-1720.
40. Dorsam, R.T., and Gutkind, J.S. (2007). G-protein-coupled receptors and cancer. Nature Rev. Cancer 7, 79-94.
41. Drube, S., and Liebmann, C. (2000). In various tumor cell lines the peptide bradykinin B(2) receptor antagonist, Hoe 140 (Icatibant), may act as mitogenic agonist. Br. J. Pharmacol. 131, 1553-1560.
42. 1, receptor increases the release of metalloproteases-2 and -9 from both estrogen-sensitive and -insensitive breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett. 301, 106-118.
43. 1 receptor activation turns on exocytosis of matrix metalloprotease-9 and myeloperoxidase in human neutrophils . involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase family. J. Leukoc. Biol. 86, 1179-1189.
44. 1 receptors induces chemotaxis of human neutrophils. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80, 117-124.
45. Emanueli, C., Salis, B.M., Stacca, T., Pintus, G., Kirchmair, R., Isner, J.M., Pinna, A., Gaspa, L., Regoli, D., Cayla, C., Pesquero, J.B., Bader, M., and Madeddu, P. (2002). Targeting kinin B(1) receptor for therapeutic neovascularization. Circulation 105, 360-366.
46. Esseghir, S., Reis-Filho, J.S., Kennedy, A., James, M., O'Hare, M.J., Jeffery, R., Poulsom, R., and Isacke, C.M. (2006). Identification of transmembrane proteins as potential prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer by a screen for signal sequence encoding transcripts. J. Pathol. 210, 420-430.
47. Fortier, A.H., Holaday, J.W., Liang, H., Dey, C., Grella, D.K., Holland-Linn, J., Vu, H., Plum, S.M., and Nelson, B.J. (2003). Recombinant prostate specific antigen inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Prostate 56, 212-219.
48. Friedman, N., Mikhail, J.R., and Bhoola, K.D. (1965). Cushing's syndrome associated with carcinoma of the bronchus in a patient with normal plasma electrolytes. Br. Med. J. 1, 27-39.
49. Fujita, M., Andoh, T., Ohashi, K., Akira, A., Saiki, I., and Kuraishi, Y. (2010). Roles of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in skin cancer pain produced by orthotopic melanoma inoculation in mice. Eur. J. Pain 14, 588-594.
50. Gao, L., Smith, R.S., Chen, L.M., Chai, K.X., Chao, L., Chao, J. (2010). Tissue kallikrein promotes prostate cancer cell migration and invasion via a protease-activated receptor-1-dependent signaling pathway. Biol. Chem. 391, 803-812.
51. 1 receptor antagonist B9958. Int. Immunopharmacol. 8, 289-292.
52. Greco, S., Elia, M.G., Muscella., A, Romano., S, Storelli., C, and Marsigliante., S. (2005). Bradykinin stimulates cell proliferation through an extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2-dependent mechanism in breast cancer cells in primary culture. J. Endocrinol. 186, 291-301.
53. Greco, S., Muscella, A., Elia, M.G., Romano, S., Storelli, C., and Marsigliante, S. (2004). Mitogenic signalling by B2 bradykinin receptor in epithelial breast cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 201, 84-96.
54. Greco, S., Storelli, C., and Marsigliante, S. (2006). Protein kinase C (PKC)-delta/-epsilon mediate the PKC/Akt-dependent phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 in MCF-7 cells stimulated by bradykinin. J. Endocrinol. 188, 79-89.
55. Grzelinski, M., Pinkenburg, O., Büch, T., Gold, M., Stohr, S., Kalwa, H., Gudermann, T., and Aigner, A. (2010). Critical role of G (alpha)12 and G(alpha)13 for human small cell lung cancer cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Clin. Cancer Res. 16, 1402-1415.
56. Gschwind, A., Prenzel, N., and Ullrich, A. (2002). Lysophosphatidic acid-induced squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and motility involves epidermal growth factor receptor signal transactivation. Cancer Res. 62, 6329-6236.
57. Guevara-Lora, I., Florkowska, M., and Kozik, A. (2009). Bradykinin-related peptides up-regulate the expression of kinin B1 and B2 receptor genes in human promonocytic cell line U937. Acta. Biochim. Pol. 56, 515-522.
58. Hecquet, C., Becker, R., Tan, F., and Erdos, E.G. (2002). Kallikreins when activating bradykinin B2 receptor induce its redistribution on plasma membrane. Int. Immunopharmacol. 2, 1795-1806.
59. Hecquet, C., Tan, F., Marcic, B.M., and Erdos, E.G. (2000). Human bradykinin B(2) receptor is activated by kallikrein and other serine proteases. Mol. Pharmacol. 58, 828-836.
60. Hermann, A., Buchinger, P., and Rehbock, J. (1995). Visualization of tissue kallikrein in human breast carcinoma by two-dimensional western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Biol. Chem. 376, 365-370.
61. Higashida, H., Yokoyama, S., Hoshi, N., Hashii, M., Egorova, A., Zhong, Z.G., Noda, M., Shahidullah, M., Taketo, M., Knijnik, R., Kimura, Y., Takahashi, H., Chen, X.L., Shin, Y., and Zhang, J.S. (2001). Signal transduction from bradykinin, angiotensin, adrenergic and muscarinic receptors to effector enzymes, including ADP-ribosyl cyclase. Biol. Chem. 382, 23-30.
62. Ignjatovic, T., Stanisavljevic, S., Brovkovych, V., Skidgel, R.A., and Erdos, E.G. (2004). Kinin B1 receptors stimulate nitric oxide production in endothelial cells: signaling pathways activated by angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitors and peptide ligands. Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 1310-1316.
63. Ikeda, Y., Hayashi, I., Kamoshita, E., Yamazaki, A., Endo, H., Ishihara, K., Yamashina, S., Tsutsumi, Y., Matsubara, H., and Majima, M. (2004). Host stromal bradykinin B2 receptor signaling facilitates tumor-associated angiogenesis and tumor growth. Cancer Res. 64, 5178-5185.
64. Jiang, X., Li, H., Qiao, H., Jiang, H., Xu, R., and Sun, X. (2009). Combining kallistatin gene teraphy and meloxicam to treat hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. Cancer Sci. 100, 2226-2233.
65. Jones, T.H., Figueroa, C.D., Smith, C.M., Cullen, D.R., and Bhoola, K.D. (1992). Tissue kallikrein is associated with prolactin secreting cells within growth hormone secreting adenomas. J. Endocrinol. 134, 149-154.
66. Joyce, J.A., and Pollard, J.W. (2009). Microenvironmental regulation of metastasis. Nat. Rev. Cancer 9, 239-252.
67. Jutras, S., Bachvarova, M., Keita, M., Bascands, J.L., Mes-Masson, A.M., Stewart, J.M., and Buchvarov, D. (2010). Strong cytotoxic effect of the bradykinin antagonist BKM-570 in ovarian cancer cells-analysis of the molecular mechanism of its antiproliferative action. FEBS J. 277, 5146-5160.
68. Kang, D.S., Gustafsson, C., Morgelin, M., and Leeb-Lundberg, L.M. (2005). B1 bradykinin receptor homo-oligomers in receptor cell surface expression and signaling: effects of receptor fragments. Mol. Pharmacol. 67, 309-318.
69. Kang, D.S., Ryberg, K., Morgelin, M., and Leeb-Lundberg, L.M. (2004). Spontaneous formation of a proteolytic B1 and B2 bradykinin receptor complex with enhanced signaling capacity. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 22102-22107.
70. Karnoub, A.E., Dash, A.B., Vo, A.P., Sullivan, A., Brooks, M.W., Bell, G.W., Richardson, A.L., Polyak, K., Tubo, R., and Weinberg, R.A. (2007). Mesenchymal stem cells within tumor stroma promote breast cancer metastasis. Nature 449, 557-565.
71. Koh, S.C., Razvi, K., Chan, Y.H., Narasimhan, K., Ilancheran, A., Low, J.J., and Choolani, M. (2010). The association with age, human tissue kallikreins 6 and 10 and hemostatic markers for survival outcome from epithelial ovarian cancer. Arch. Gynecol. Obstet. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 20680316.
72. Krankel, N., Katare, R.G., Siragusa, M., Barcelos, L.S., Campagnolo, P., Mangialardi, G., Fortunato, O., Spinetti, G., Tran, N., Zacharowski, K., Wojakowski, W., Mroz, I., Herman, A. , Manning Fox, J.E., MacDonald, P.E., Schanstra, J.P., Bascands, J.L., Ascione, R., Angelini, G., Emanueli, C., and Madeddu, P. (2008). Role of kinin B2 receptor signaling in the recruitment of circulating progenitor cells with neovascularization potential. Circ. Res. 103, 1335-1343.
73. Leeb-Lundberg, L.M., Marceau, F., Müller-Esterl, W., Pettibone, D.J., and Zuraw, B.L. (2005). International union of pharmacology. XLV. Classification of the kinin receptor family: from molecular mechanisms to pathophysiological consequences. Pharmacol. Rev. 57, 27-77.
74. Lewis, A.M., Varghese, S., Xu, H., and Alexander, H.R. (2006). Interleukin-1 and cancer progression: the emerging role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist as a novel therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. J. Transl. Med. 4, 48-59.
75. Liotta, L.A., and Kohn, E.C. (2001). The microenvironment of the tumor-host interface. Nature 411, 375-379.
76. Liu, Y., Pixley, R., Fusaro, M., Godoy, G., Kim, E., Bromberg, M.E., and Colman, R.W. (2009). Cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen and its domain 5 inhibit migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells through the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Oncogene 28, 2756-2765.
77. Liu, L.B., Xue, Y.X., and Liu, Y.H. (2010). Bradykinin increases the permeability of the blood-tumor barrier by the caveolae-mediated transcellular pathway. J. Neurooncol. 99, 187-194.
78. Liu, L.B., Xue, Y.X., Liu, Y.H., and Wang, Y.B. (2008). Bradykinin increases blood-tumor barrier permeability by down-regulating the expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 and rearranging actin cytoskeleton. J. Neurosci. Res. 86, 1153-1168.
79. Lu, D.Y., Leung, Y.M., Huang, S.M., and Wong, K.L. (2010). Bradykinin-induced cell migration and COX-2 production mediated by the bradykinin B1 receptor in glioma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 110, 141-150.
80. Lundwall, A., Band, V., Blader, M., Clements, J.A., Courty, Y., Diamandis, E.P., Fritz, H., Lilia, H., Malm, J., Maltais, L.J., Olsson, A.Y., Petraki, C., Scoralis, A., Sotiropoulou, G., Stenman, U.H., Stephan, C., Talieri, M., and Yousef, G.M. (2006). A comprehensive nomenclature for serine proteses with homology to tissue kallikreins. Biol. Chem. 387, 637-641.
81. Lundwall A., and Brattsand, M. (2008). Kallikrein-related peptidases. Cell. Mol. Life. Sci. 65, 2019-2038.
82. Luo, L.Y., Diamandis, E.P., Look, M.P., Soosaipillai, A.P., and Foekens, J.A. (2002). Higher expression of human kallikrein 10 in breast cancer tissue predicts tamoxifen resistance. Br. J. Cancer. 86, 1790-1796.
83. Luo, L.Y., Katsaros, D., Scorilas, A., Fracchioli, S., Piccinno, R., Rigault de la Longrais, I.A., Howarth, D.J, and Diamandis, E.P. (2001). Prognostic value of human kallikrein 10 expression in epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 2372-2379.
84. Maeda, H., Akaike, T., Wu, J., Noguchi, Y., and Sakata, Y. (1996). Bradykinin and nitric oxide in infectious disease and cancer. Int. Immunopharmacol. 33, 222-230.
85. Maeda, H., Matsumura, Y., and Kato, H. (1988). Purification and identification of [hydroxyprolyl3]BK in ascitic fluid from a patient with gastric cancer. J. Biol. Chem. 263, 16051-16054.
86. Maeda, H., Wu, J., Okamoto, T., Maruo, K., and Akaike, T. (1999). Kallikrein-kinin in infection and cancer. Int. Immunopharmacol. 43, 115-128.
87. Magklara, A., Mellati, A.A., Wasney, G.A., Little, S.P., Sotiropoulou, G., Becker, G.W., and Diamandis, E.P. (2003). Characterization of the enzymatic activity of human kallikrein 6: autoactivation, substrate specificity, and regulation by inhibitors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 307, 948-955.
88. Marceau, F. (1995). Kinin B1 receptors: a review. Int. Immunopharmacol. 30, 1-26.
89. Marceau, F., and Bachvarov, D.R. (1998). Kinin receptors. Clin. Rev. Allergy.Immunol. 16, 385-401.
90. Marceau, F., and Regoli, D. (2004). Bradykinin receptor ligands: therapeutic perspectives. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 3, 845-852.
91. Matsumura, Y., Kimura, M., Yamamoto, T., and Maeda, H. (1988). Involvement of the kinin-generating cascade in enhanced vascular permeability in tumor tissue. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 79, 1327-1334.
92. Matsumura, Y., Maruo, K., Kimura, M., Yamamoto, T., Konno, T., and Maeda H. (1991). Kinin-generating cascade in advanced cancer patients and in vitro study. Jpn. J. Cancer Res. 82, 732-741.
93. McFadden, R.G., and Vickers, K.E. (1989). Bradykinin augments the in vitro migration of nonsensitized lymphocytes. Clin. Invest. Med. 12, 247-253.
94. McLean, P.G., Picard, C., Garcia-Villar, R., Ducos de Lahitte, R., Moré, J., Fioramonti, J, and Bueno, L. (1998). Role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors and mast cells in post in-testinal infection-induced hypersensitivity to distension. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 10, 499-508.
95. Miao, R.Q., Agata, J., Chao, L., and Chao, J. (2002). Kallistatin is a new inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth. Blood 100, 3245-3252.
96. Michael, I.P., Sotiropoulou, G., Pampalakis, G., Magklara, A., Ghosh, M., Wasney, G., and Diamandis, E.P. (2005). Biochemical and enzymatic characterization of human kallikrein 5 (hK5), a novel serine protease potentially involved in cancer progression. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 14628-14635.
97. Molina, L., Matus, C.E., Astroza, A., Pavicic, F., Tapia, E., Toledo, C., Pérez, J.A., Nualart, F. , Gonzalez, C.B., Burgos, R.A., Figueroa, C.D., Ehrenfeld, P., and Poblete, M.T. (2009). Stimulation of the bradykinin B(1) receptor induces the proliferation of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cells and activates the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Breast Cancer Res. and Treat. 118, 499-510.
98. Moodley, R., Snyman, C., Odhav, B., and Bhoola, K.D. (2005). Visualisation of transforming growth factor-beta 1, tissue kallikrein, and kinin and transforming growth factor-beta receptors on human clear-cell renal carcinoma cells. Biol. Chem. 386, 375-382.
99. Morbidelli, L., Parenti, A., Giovannelli, L., Granger, H.J., Ledda, F., and Ziche, M. (1998). B1 receptor involvement in the effect of bradykinin on venular endothelial cell proliferation and potentiation of FGF-2 effects. Br. J. Pharmacol. 124, 1286-1292.
100. Mukhin, Y.V., Gooz, M., Raymond, J.R., and Garnovskaya, M.N. (2006). Collagenase-2 and -3 mediate epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by bradykinin B2 receptor in kidney cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 318, 1033-1043.
101. Murohara, T., Horowitz, J.R., Silver, M., Tsurumi, Y., Chen, D., Sullivan, A., and Isner, J.M. (1998). Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor enhances vascular permeability via nitric oxide and prostacyclin. Circulation 97, 99-107.
102. Naidoo, S., and Raidoo, D.M. (2006). Tissue kallikrein and kinin receptor expression in an angiogenic co-culture neuroblastoma model. Metab. Brain Dis. 21, 253-265.
103. Obiezu, C.V., and Diamandis, E.P. (2005). Human tissue kallikrein gene family: applications in cancer. Cancer Lett. 224, 1-22.
104. Paegelow, I., and Lange, P. (1982). Pharmacological studies on lymphocytes . 1. Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine, bradykinin, and lymphokines on the migration of lymphocytes in vitro. Agents and Actions 10, 255-265.
105. Paegelow, I., Trzeczak, S., Bockmann, S., and Vietinghoff, G. (2002). Migratory responses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to kinin peptides. Pharmacol. 66, 153-161.
106. Paliouras, M., Borgoño, C., and Diamandis, E.P. (2007). Human tissue kallikreins: the cancer biomarker family. Cancer Lett. 249, 61-79.
107. Paliouras, M., and Diamandis, E.P. (2008). Intracellular signaling pathways regulate hormonedependent kallikrein gene expression. Tumor Biol. 29, 63-75.
108. Pang, L., and Knox, A.J. (1997). PGE2 release by bradykinin in human airway smooth muscle cells: involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 induction. Am. J. Physiol. 273, L1132-L1140.
109. Papadopoulos., Sivridis, E., Giatromanolaki, and A., Koukourakis, M.I. (2001). Tumor an-giogenesis is associated with MUC1 overexpression and loss of prostate-specific antigen expression in prostate cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 7, 1533-1538.
110. Passos, G.F., Fernandes, E.S., Campos, M.M., Araujo, J.G., Pesquero, J.L., Souza, G.E., Avellar, M.C., Teixeira, M.M., and Calixto, J.B. (2004). Kinin B1 receptor up-regulation after lipo-polysaccharide administration: role of proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophil influx. J. Immunol. 172, 1839-1847.
111. Planque, C., Aínciburu, M., Heuzé-Vourc'h, N., Régina, S., de Monte, M., and Courty, Y. (2006). Expression of the human kallikrein genes 10 (KLK10) and 11 (KLK11 ) in cancerous and non-cancerous lung tissues. Biol. Chem. 387, 783-788.
112. Planque, C., Bléchet, C., Ayadi-Kaddour, A., Heuzé-Vourc'h, N., Dumont, P., Guyétant, S., Diamandis, E.P., El Mezni, F., and Courty, Y. (2008). Quantitative RT-PCR analysis and immunohistochemical localization of the kallikrein-related peptidases 13 and 14 in lung. Biol. Chem. 389, 781-786.
113. Plendl, J., Snyman, C., Naidoo, S., Sawant, S., Mahabeer, R., and Bhoola, K.D. (2000). Expression of tissue kallikrein and kinin receptors in angiogenic microvascular endothelial cells. Biol. Chem. 381, 1103-1115.
114. Poblete, M.T., Matus, C.E., Tapia, E., Pérez, J.A., Gonzalez, C.B., Molina, L., and Figueroa, C.D. (2006). Breast tumors and MCF-7 cells express kinin B1 and B2 receptors. In The National Cancer Research Institute Cancer Conference. Birmingham, UK. http://www.ncri. org.uk/ncriconference/archive/2006/abstracts/pdf/NCRI2006_0280.pdf, p. 170.
115. Qin, L.J., Gu, Y.T., Zhang, H., and Xue, Y.X. (2009). Bradykinin-induced blood-tumor barrier opening is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Neurosci. Lett. 450, 172-185.
116. Raidoo, D.M., Sawant, S., Mahabeer, R., and Bhoola, K.D. (1999). Kinin receptors are expressed in human astrocytic tumor cells. Int. Immunopharmacol. 43, 255-263.
117. Rehbock, J., Buchinger, P., Hermann, A., and Figueroa, C.D. (1995). Identification of immunoreactive tissue kallikrein in human ductal breast carcinomas. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 121, 64-68.
118. Roman-Gomez, J., Jimenez-Velasco, A., Aguirre, X., Castillejo, J.A., Barrios, M., Andreu, E.J., Prosper, F., Heiniger, A., and Torres, A. (2004). The normal epithelial cell-specific 1 (NES1) gene, a candidate tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 19q13.3-4, is downregulated by hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 18, 362-365.
119. 2 production by rat macrophage and fibroblast. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 27, 1923-1927.
120. Saleh, T.S., Calixto, J.B., and Medeiros, Y.S. (1997). Pro-inflammatory effects induced by bradykinin in a murine model of pleurisy. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 331, 43-52.
121. Santos, D.R., Calixto, J.B., and Souza, G.E. (2003). Effect of a kinin B2 receptor antagonist on LPS- and cytokine-induced neutrophil migration in rats. Br. J. Pharmacol. 139, 271-278.
122. Sarin, H., Kanevsky, A.S., Fung, S.H., Butman, J.A., Cox, R.W., Glen, D., Reynolds, R., and Auh, S. (2009). Metabolically stable bradykinin B2 receptor agonists enhance transvascular drug delivery into malignant brain tumors by increasing drug half-life. J. Transl. Med. 13, 7-33.
123. Sawant, S., Snyman, C., and Bhoola, K.D. (2001). Comparison of tissue kallikrein and kinin receptor expression in gastric ulcers and neoplasms. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1, 2063-2080.
124. Scharfstein, J., Schmitz, V., Morandi, V., Capella, M.M., Lima, A.P., Morrot, A., Juliano, L., and Müller-Esterl, W. (2000). Host cell invasion by Trypanosoma cruzi is potentiated by activation of bradykinin B(2) receptors. J. Exp. Med. 192, 1289-1300.
125. Searovic, P., Alonso, M., Oses, C., Pereira-Flores, K., Velarde, V., and Saez, C.G. (2009). Effect of tamoxifen and retinoic acid on bradykinin induced proliferation in MCF-7 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 106, 473-481.
126. Sevcik, M.A., Ghilardi, J.R., Halvorson, K.G., Lindsay, T.H., Kubota, K., and Mantyh, P.W. (2005). Analgesic efficacy of bradykinin B1 antagonists in a murine bone cancer pain model. J. Pain 6, 771-775.
127. Shiau, A.L., Teo, M.L., Chen, S.Y., Wang, C.R., Hsieh, J.L., Chang, M.Y., Chang, C.J., Chao, J., Chao, L., Wu, C.L., and Lee, C.H. (2010). Inhibition of experimental lung metastasis by systemic lentiviral delivery of kallistatin. BMC Cancer 10, 245-254.
128. Shvartsman, H., Lu, K.H., Lee, J., Lillie, J., Deavers, M.T., Clifford, S., Wolf, J.K., Mills, G.B., Bast, R.C.J., Gershenson, D.M., and Schmandt, R. (2003). Overexpression of kallikrein 10 in epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Gynecol. Oncol. 90, 44-50.
129. Sidiropoulos, M., Pampalakis, G., Sotiropoulou, G., Katsaros, D., and Diamandis, E.P. (2005). Downregulation of human kallikrein 10 (KLK10/NES1) by CpG island hypermethylation in breast, ovarian and prostate cancers. Tumor Biol. 26, 324-336.
130. Silvestre, J.S., Bergaya, S., Tamarat, R., Duriez, M., Boulanger, C.M., and Levy, B.I. (2001). Proangiogenic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is mediated by the bradykinin B(2) receptor pathway. Circ. Res. 89, 678-683.
131. Sotiropoulou, G., and Pampalakis, G. (2010). Kallikrein-related peptidases: bridges between immune functions and extracellular matrix degradation. Biol. Chem. 391, 321-331.
132. Sotiropoulou, G., Pampalakis, G., and Diamandis, E.P. (2009). Functional roles of human kallikrein-related peptidases. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 32989-32994.
133. Spinetti, G., Fortunato, O., Cordella, D., Portaro, P., Krankel, N., Katare, R., Sala-Newby, G.B., Richer, C., Vincent, M.P., Alhenc-Gelas, F., Tonolo, G., Cherchi, S., Emanueli, C., and Madeddu, P. (2011). Tissue kallikrein is essential for invasive capacity of circulating proangiogenic cells. Circ. Res. 108, 284-293.
134. Stewart, J.M. (2003). Bradykinin antagonists as anti-cancer agents. Curr. Pharm. Des. 9, 2036-2042.
135. Stewart, J.M., and Gera, L. (2006). Bradykinin and cancer. In Handbook of Biologically Active Peptides (ed. A.J. Kastin), 443-446. San Diego: Academic Press.
136. Stewart, J.M., Gera, L., Chan, D.C., Bunn, P.A., Jr., York, E.J., Simkeviciene, V., and Helfrich B. (2002). Bradykinin-related compounds as new drugs for cancer and inflammation. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 80, 275-280.
137. Stewart, J.M., Gera, L., Chan, D.C., York, E.J., Simkeviciene, V., Bunn, P.A., Jr., and Tarase-viciene-Stewart, L. (2005). Combination cancer chemotherapy with one compound: plu-ripotent bradykinin antagonists. Peptides 26, 1288-1291.
138. Taub, J.S., Guo, R., Leeb-Lundberg, L.M., Madden, J.F., and Daaka, Y. (2003). Bradykinin receptor subtype 1 expression and function in prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 63, 2037-2041.
139. Thomas, S.M., Bhola, N.E., Zhang, Q., Contrucci, S.C., Wentzel, A.L., Freilino, M.L., Gooding, W.E., Siegfried, J.M., Chan, D.C., and Grandis, J.R. (2006). Cross-talk between G protein-coupled receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathways contributes to growth and invasion of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 66, 1 1831-1 1839.
140. Tiffany, C.W., and Burch, R.M. (1989). Bradykinin stimulates tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 release from macrophages. FEBS Lett. 247, 189-192.
141. Tlsty, T.D., and Coussens, L.M. (2006). Tumor stroma and regulation of cancer development. Annu. Rev. Pathol. Mech. Dis. 1, 119-150.
142. Tse, L.Y., Sun, X., Jiang, H., Dong, X., Fung, P.W., Farzaneh, F., and Xu, R. (2008). Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of kallistatin suppresses local and remote hepatocellular carcinomas. J. Gene. Med. 10, 508-517.
143. Ullah, M.F., and Aatif, M. (2009). The footprints of cancer development: Cancer biomarkers. Cancer Treat. Rev. 35, 193-200.
144. Ulmert, D., O'Brien, M.F., Bjartell, A.S., and Lilja, H. (2009). Prostate kallikrein markers in diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis. Nat. Rev. Urol. 6, 384-391.
145. van Winden, A.W., van den Broek, I., Gast, M.C., Engwegen, J.Y., Sparidans, R.W., van Dulken, E.J., Depla, A.C., Cats, A., Schellens, J.H., Peeters, P.H., Beijnen, J.H., and van Gils, C.H. (2010). Serum degradome markers for the detection of breast cancer. J. Proteome. Res. 9, 3781-3788.
146. Vickers, A., Cronin, A., Roobol, M., Savage, C., Peltola, M., Pettersson, K., Scardino, P.T., Schroder, F., and Lilja, H. (2010). Reducing unnecessary biopsy during prostate cancer screening using a four-kallikrein panel: an independent replication. J. Clin. Oncol. 28, 2493-2498.
147. Wang, J., Krishnamoorthi, V., Wang, E., Yang, C., Baptista, D., Wu, X., Liu, M., Gardner, M., Elkins, P., Hines, J., and Liu, P. (2010). LC/MS characterization of impurities and degradation products of a potent antitumor peptidic dimer, CU201. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 51, 824-833.
148. Wang, Y.B., Peng, C., and Liu, Y.H. (2007). Low dose of bradykinin selectively increases intracellular calcium in glioma cells. J. Neurol. Sci. 258, 44-51.
149. Webber, M.M., Waghray, A., and Bello, D. (1995). Prostate-specific antigen, a serine protease, facilitates human prostate cancer cell invasion. Clin. Cancer. Res. 1, 1089-1094.
150. Wharton, J., and Walsh, D.A. (1999). Autoradiography of peptide receptors. Methods Mol Biol. 106, 99-118.
151. Wolf, W.C., Evans, D.M., Chao, L., and Chao, J. (2001). A synthetic tissue kallikrein inhibitor suppresses cancer cell invasiveness. Am. J. Pathol. 159, 1797-1805.
152. Wu, J., Akaike, T., Hayashida, K., Miyamoto, Y., Nakagawa, T., Miyakawa, K., Müller-Esterl, W., and Maeda, H. (2002). Identification of bradykinin receptors in clinical cancer specimens and murine tumor tissues. Int. J. Cancer 98, 29-35.
153. Wu, Y., and Zhou, B.P. (2009). Inflammation: a driving force speeds cancer metastasis . Cell Cycle 8, 3267-3273.
154. Xia, C.Y., Zhang, Z., Xue, Y.X., Wang, P., and Liu, Y.H. (2009). Mechanisms of the increase in the permeability of the blood-tumor barrier obtained by combining low-frequency ultrasound irradiation with small-dose bradykinin. J. Neurooncol. 94, 41-50.
155. Yang, W.H., Chang, J.T., Hsu, S.F., Li, T.M., Cho, D.Y., Huang, C.Y., Fong, Y.C., and Tang, C.H. (2010). Bradykinin enhances cell migration in human chondrosarcoma cells through BK receptor signaling pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 109, 82-92.
156. Yoshimura, A. (2006). Signal transduction of inflammatory cytokines and tumor development. Cancer Sci. 97, 439-447.
157. Yousef, G.M., Borgoño, C.A., White, N.M., Robb, J.D., Michael, I.P., Oikonomopoulou, K., Khan, S., and Diamandis, E.P. (2004). In silico analysis of the human kallikrein gene 6. Tumor Biol. 25, 282-289.
158. Yousef, G.M., and Diamandis, E.P. (2001). The new human tissue kallikrein gene family: structure, function, and association to disease. Endocr. Rev. 22, 184-204.
159. Yousef, G.M., Obiezu, C.V., Luo, L.Y., Magklara, A., Borgoño, C.A., Kishi, T., Memari, N., Michael, P., Sidiropoulos, M., Kurlender, L., Economopolou, K., Kapadia, C., Komatsu, N., Petraki, C., Elliott, M., Scorilas, A., Katsaros, D., Levesque, M.A., and Diamandis, E.P. (2005) . Human tissue kallikreins: from gene structure to function and clinical applications. Adv. Clin. Chem. 39, 11-79.
160. Yousef, G.M., Polymeris, M.E., Grass, L., Soosaipillai, A., Chan, P.C., Scorilas, A., Borgoño, C. , Harbeck, N., Schmalfeldt, B., Dorn, J., Schmitt, M., and Diamandis, E.P. (2003). Human kallikrein 5: a potential novel serum biomarker for breast and ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 63, 3958-3965.
161. Zelawski, W., Machnik, G., Nowaczyk, G., Plewka, D., Lorenc, Z., Sosada, K., and Stadnicki, A. (2006). Expression and localisation of kinin receptors in colorectal polyps. Int. Immunopharmacol. 6, 997-1002.
162. Zhang, W., Bhola, N., Kalyankrishna, S., Gooding, W., Hunt, J., Seethala, R., Grandis, J.R., Siegfried, J.M. (2008). Kinin B2 receptor mediates induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Mol. Cancer Res. 6, 1946-1956.
163. Zhang, H., Gu, Y.T., and Xue, Y.X. (2007). Bradykinin-induced blood-brain tumor barrier permeability increase is mediated by adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel. Brain Res. 1144, 33-41.
164. Zhang, Q., Thomas, S.M., Xi, S., Smithgall, T.E., Siegfried, J.M., Kamens, J., Gooding, W.E., and Grandis, J.R. (2004). SRC family kinases mediate epidermal growth factor receptor ligand cleavage, proliferation, and invasion of head and neck cancer cells. Cancer Res. 64, 6166-6173.
165. Zhang, Z., Xia, C., Xue, Y., and Liu, Y. (2009). Synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound and low-dose bradykinin on increasing permeability of the blood-tumor barrier by opening tight junction. J. Neurosci. Res. 87,2282-2289.
166. Zhao, Y., Xue, Y., Liu, Y., Fu, W., Jiang, N., An, P., Wang, P., Yang, Z., and Wang, Y. (2005). Study of correlation between expression of bradykinin B2 receptor and pathological grade in human gliomas. Br. J. Neurosurg. 19, 322-326.
167. Zhou, G.X., Chao, L., and Chao, J. (1992). Kallistatin: a novel human tissue kallikrein inhibitor. Purification, characterization, and reactive center sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25873-25880.