Epistemic Thinking in Action: Evaluating and Integrating Online Sources

Cognition and Instruction

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 39-85

  Barzilai, Sarit ^a   Zohar, Anat ^a  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855955922     PISSN: 07370008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/07370008.2011.636495     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. American Association of School Libraries. 2007. Standards for the 21st-century learner, Retrieved from http://www.ala.org/ala/mgrps/divs/aasl/guidelinesandstandards/learningstandards/standards.cfm
2. Baxter Magolda, M. B. 2002. "Epistemological reflection: The evolution of epistemological assumptions from age 18 to 30". In Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, Edited by: Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 89-102. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
3. Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R. and Tarule, J. M. 1986. Women's ways of knowing: The development of self, voice and mind, New York, NY: Basic Books.
4. Bendixen, L. D. and Rule, D. C. 2004. An integrative approach to personal epistemology: A guiding model. Educational Psychologist, 39(1): 69-80.
5. Brand-Gruwel, S. and Stadtler, M. 2011. Solving information-based problems: Evaluating sources and information. Learning and Instruction, 21(2): 175-179.
6. Bråten, I. 2008. "Personal epistemology, understanding of multiple texts, and learning within Internet technologies". In Knowing, knowledge and beliefs: Epistemological studies across diverse cultures, Edited by: Khine, M. S. 351-376. New York, NY: Springer.
7. Bråten, I., Britt, M. A., Strømsø, H. I. and Rouet, J.-F. 2011. The role of epistemic beliefs in the comprehension of multiple expository texts: Toward an integrated model. Educational Psychologist, 46(1): 48-70.
8. Bråten, I. and Strømsø, H. I. 2006. Effects of personal epistemology on the understanding of multiple texts. Reading Psychology, 27(5): 457-484.
9. Bråten, I. and Strømsø, H. I. 2010. When law students read multiple documents about global warming: Examining the role of topic-specific beliefs about the nature of knowledge and knowing. Instructional Science, 38(6): 635-657.
10. Bråten, I., Strømsø, H. I. and Britt, M. A. 2009. Trust matters: Examining the role of source evaluation in students' construction of meaning within and across multiple texts. Reading Research Quarterly, 44(1): 6-28.
11. Bråten, I., Strømsø, H. I. and Samuelstuen, M. S. 2005. The relationship between Internet-specific epistemological beliefs and learning within Internet technologies. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 33(2): 141-171.
12. Bråten, I., Strømsø, H. I. and Samuelstuen, M. S. 2008. Are sophisticated students always better? The role of topic-specific personal epistemology in the understanding of multiple expository texts. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 33(4): 814-840.
13. Brem, S. K., Russell, J. and Weems, L. 2001. Science on the web: Student evaluations of scientific arguments. Discourse Processes, 32: 191-213.
14. Britt, M. A. and Aglinskas, C. 2002. Improving students' ability to identify and use source information. Cognition and Instruction, 20(4): 485-522.
15. Bromme, R., Kienhues, D. and Stahl, E. 2008. "Knowledge and epistemological beliefs: An intimate but complicate relationship". In Knowing, knowledge and beliefs: Epistemological studies across diverse cultures, Edited by: Khine, M. S. 423-441. New York, NY: Springer.
16. Bromme, R., Pieschl, S. and Stahl, E. 2010. Epistemological beliefs are standards for adaptive learning: A functional theory about epistemological beliefs and metacognition. Metacognition and Learning, 5(1): 7-26.
17. Brown, A. L. 1978. "Knowing when, where, and how to remember: A problem of metacognition". In Advances in instructional psychology, Edited by: Glaser, R. Vol. 1, 77-165. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates.
18. Brown, A. L. 1987. "Metacognition, executive control, self-regulation and other more mysterious mechanisms". In Metacognition, motivation and understanding, Edited by: Weinert, F. and Kluwe, R. 65-116. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
19. Buehl, M. M. 2008. "Assessing the multidimensionality of students' epistemic beliefs across diverse cultures". In Knowing, knowledge and beliefs: Epistemological studies across diverse cultures, Edited by: Khine, M. S. 65-112. New York, NY: Springer.
20. Buehl, M. M. and Alexander, P. A. 2001. Beliefs about academic knowledge. Educational Psychology Review, 13(4): 385-418.
21. Buehl, M. M. and Alexander, P. A. 2002. Beliefs about schooled knowledge: Domain specific or domain general?. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 27(3): 415-449.
22. Chandler, M. J., Hallett, D. and Sokol, B. W. 2002. "Competing claims about competing knowledge claims". In Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, Edited by: Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 145-168. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
23. Chi, M. T. H. 1997. Quantifying qualitative analyses of verbal data: A practical guide. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 6(3): 271-315.
24. Chi, M. T. H., De Leeuw, N., Chiu, M.-H. and Lavancher, C. 1994. Eliciting self-explanations improves understanding. Cognitive Science, 18(3): 439-477.
25. Cotton, D. and Gretsy, K. 2006. Reflecting on the think-aloud method for evaluating e-learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 37(1): 54-54.
26. Creswell, J. W. and Plano Clark, V. L. 2006. Designing and conducting mixed methods research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
27. Dede, C. 2008. A seismic shift in epistemology. Educause Review, 43: 80-81.
28. Elby, A. and Hammer, D. 2001. On the substance of a sophisticated epistemology. Science Education, 85(5): 554-567.
29. Elby, A. and Hammer, D. 2010. "Epistemological resources and framing: A cognitive framework for helping teachers interpret and respond to their students' epistemologies". In Personal epistemology in the classroom: Theory, research, and implications for practice, Edited by: Bendixen, L. D. and Feucht, F. C. 409-434. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
30. Ericsson, A. K. and Simon, H. A. 1993. Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data, Rev. ed., Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
31. Flavell, J. H. 1979. Metacognition and cognitive monitoring. American Psychologist, 34(10): 906-911.
32. Flavell, J. H., Miller, P. H. and Miller, S. A. 2002. Cognitive development, 4th ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
33. Greene, J. A., Azevedo, R. and Torney-Purta, J. 2008. Modeling epistemic and ontological cognition: Philosophical perspectives and methodological directions. Educational Psychologist, 43(3): 142-160.
34. Hammer, D. and Elby, A. 2002. "On the form of personal epistemology". In Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, Edited by: Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 169-190. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
35. Hartley, K. and Bendixen, L. D. 2001. Educational research in the Internet age: Examining the role of individual characteristics. Educational Researcher, 30(9): 22-26.
36. Hofer, B. K. 2000. Dimensionality and disciplinary differences in personal epistemology. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25: 378-405.
37. Hofer, B. K. 2001. Personal epistemology research: Implications for learning and teaching. Journal of Educational Psychology Review, 13(4): 353-383.
38. Hofer, B. K. 2004. Epistemological understanding as a metacognitive process: Thinking aloud during online searching. Educational Psychologist, 39(1): 43-55.
39. Hofer, B. K. 2005. The legacy and the challenges: Paul Pintrich's contributions to personal epistemology research. Educational Psychologist, 40(2): 95-105.
40. Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 1997. The development of epistemological theories: Beliefs about knowledge and knowing and their relation to learning. Review of Educational Research, 67(1): 88-140.
41. Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 2002. Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
42. Hoffman, J. L., Wu, H.-K., Krajcik, J. S. and Soloway, E. 2003. The nature of middle school learners' science content understandings with the use of on-line resources. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(3): 323-346.
43. Jacobs, J. E. and Paris, S. G. 1987. Children's metacognition about reading: Issues in definition, measurement, and instruction. Educational Psychologist, 22(3&4): 255-278.
44. Kienhues, D., Stadtler, M. and Bromme, R. 2011. Dealing with conflicting or consistent medical information on the web: When expert information breeds laypersons' doubts about experts. Learning and Instruction, 21(2): 193-204.
45. King, P. M. and Kitchener, K. S. 2002. "The Reflective Judgment Model: Twenty years of research on epistemic cognition". In Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, Edited by: Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 37-61. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
46. King, P. M. and Kitchener, K. S. 2004. Reflective judgment: Theory and research on the development of epistemic assumptions through adulthood. Educational Psychologist, 39(1): 5-18.
47. Kitchener, K. S. 1983. Cognition, metacognition, and epistemic cognition: A three-level model of cognitive processing. Human Development, 26(4): 222-232.
48. Kitchener, R. F. 2002. Folk epistemology: An introduction. New Ideas in Psychology, 20(2-3): 89-105.
49. Klaczynski, P. A. and Robinson, B. 2000. Personal theories, intellectual ability, and epistemological beliefs: Adult age differences in everyday reasoning biases. Psychology and Aging, 15(3): 400-416.
50. Kuhn, D. 1991. The skills of argument, New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
51. Kuhn, D. 1999. "Metacognitive development". In Child psychology: A handbook of contemporary issues, Edited by: Balter, L. and Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. 259-286. Ann Arbor, MI: Psychology Press.
52. Kuhn, D. 2001. How do people know?. Psychological Science, 12(1): 1-8.
53. Kuhn, D., Cheney, R. and Weinstock, M. 2000. The development of epistemological understanding. Cognitive Development, 15(3): 309-328.
54. Kuhn, D., Iordanou, K., Pease, M. and Wirkala, C. 2008. Beyond control of variables: What needs to develop to achieve skilled scientific thinking?. Cognitive Development, 23(4): 435-451.
55. Kuhn, D. and Park, S.-H. 2005. Epistemological understanding and the development of intellectual values. International Journal of Educational Research, 43(3): 111-124.
56. Kuhn, D. and Pearsall, S. 1998. Relations between metastrategic knowledge and strategic performance. Cognitive Development, 13: 227-247.
57. Kuhn, D. and Pearsall, S. 2000. Developmental origins of scientific thinking. Journal of Cognition and Development, 1(1): 113-129.
58. Kuhn, D. and Weinstock, M. 2002. "What is epistemological thinking and why does it matter?". In Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, Edited by: Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 121-144. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
59. Kuiper, E., Volman, M. and Terwel, J. 2005. The web as an information resource in K-12 education: Strategies for supporting students in searching and processing information. Review of Educational Research, 75(3): 285-328.
60. Limón, M. 2006. The domain generality-Specificity of epistemological beliefs: A theoretical problem, a methodological problem or both?. International Journal of Educational Research, 45(1-2): 7-27.
61. Louca, L., Elby, A., Hammer, D. and Kagey, T. 2004. Epistemological resources: Applying a new epistemological framework to science instruction. Educational Psychologist, 39(1): 57-68.
62. Markman, E. M. 1977. Realizing that you don't understand: A preliminary investigation. Child Development, 48: 986-992.
63. Markman, E. M. 1979. Realizing that you don't understand: Elementary school children's awareness of inconsistencies. Child Development, 50: 643-655.
64. Mason, L., Ariasi, N. and Boldrin, A. 2011. Epistemic beliefs in action: Spontaneous reflections about knowledge and knowing during online information searching and their influence on learning. Learning and Instruction, 21(1): 137-151.
65. Mason, L. and Boldrin, A. 2008. "Epistemic metacognition in the context of information searching on the web". In Knowing, knowledge and beliefs: Epistemological studies across diverse cultures, Edited by: Khine, M. S. 377-404. New York, NY: Springer.
66. Mason, L., Boldrin, A. and Ariasi, N. 2010a. Epistemic metacognition in context: Evaluating and learning online information. Metacognition and Learning, 5(1): 67-90.
67. Mason, L., Boldrin, A. and Ariasi, N. 2010b. Searching the web to learn about a controversial topic: Are students epistemically active?. Instructional Science, 38(6): 607-633.
68. Mason, L., Boldrin, A. and Zurlo, G. 2006. Epistemological understanding in different judgment domains: Relationships with gender, grade level, and curriculum. International Journal of Educational Research, 45: 43-56.
69. Mason, L. and Scirica, F. 2006. Prediction of students' argumentation skills about controversial topics by epistemological understanding. Learning and Instruction, 16(5): 492-509.
70. Muis, K. R., Bendixen, L. and Haerle, F. C. 2006. Domain-generality and domain-specificity in personal epistemology research: Philosophical and empirical reflections in the development of a theoretical framework. Educational Psychology Review, 18(1): 3-54.
71. Nachmias, R., Mioduser, D. and Forkosh Baruch, A. 2009. SITES 2006 ICT in Mathematics and Science Education Study in Israel, Tel-Aviv, Israel: Ramot.
72. National Center for Educational Statistics. 2006. Internet access in U.S. public schools and classrooms: 1994-2005 Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/Pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2007020
73. Perfetti, C. A., Rouet, J.-F. and Britt, M. A. 1999. "Toward a theory of documents representation". In The construction of mental representations during reading, Edited by: van Oostendorp, H. and Goldman, S. R. 99-122. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
74. Pieschl, S., Stahl, E. and Bromme, R. 2008. Epistemological beliefs and self-regulated learning with hypertext. Metacognition and Learning, 3(1): 17-37.
75. Pintrich, P. R. 2002a. "Future challenges and directions for theory and research on personal epistemology". In Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, Edited by: Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 389-413. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
76. Pintrich, P. R. 2002b. The role of metacognitive knowledge in learning, teaching, and assessing. Theory into Practice, 41(4): 219-225.
77. Richter, T. and Schmid, S. 2010. Epistemological beliefs and epistemic strategies in self-regulated learning. Metacognition and Learning, 5(1): 47-65.
78. Rouet, J.-F. 2006. The skills of document use: From text comprehension to web-based learning, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
79. Rouet, J.-F., Ros, C., Goumi, A., Macedo-Rouet, M. and Dinet, J. 2011. The influence of surface and deep cues on primary and secondary school students' assessment of relevance in web menus. Learning and Instruction, 21(2): 205-219.
80. Sandoval, W. A. 2005. Understanding students' practical epistemologies and their influence on learning through inquiry. Science Education, 89(4): 634-656.
81. Schommer-Aikins, M. 2002. "An evolving theoretical framework for an epistemological belief system". In Personal epistemology: The psychology of beliefs about knowledge and knowing, Edited by: Hofer, B. K. and Pintrich, P. R. 103-118. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
82. Schommer-Aikins, M. 2004. Explaining the epistemological belief system: Introducing the embedded systemic model and coordinated research approach. Educational Psychologist, 39(1): 19-29.
83. Schommer, M. 1990. Effects of beliefs about the nature of knowledge on comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(3): 498-504.
84. Schraw, G. and Moshman, D. 1995. Metacognitive theories. Educational Psychology Review, 7(4): 351-371.
85. Stadtler, M. and Bromme, R. 2008. Effects of the metacognitive computer-tool met.a.ware on the web search of laypersons. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3): 716-737.
86. Stahl, E. and Bromme, R. 2007. The CAEB: An instrument for measuring connotative aspects of epistemological beliefs. Learning and Instruction, 17(6): 773-785.
87. Strømsø, H. I. and Bråten, I. 2010. The role of personal epistemology in the self-regulation of Internet-based learning. Metacognition and Learning, 5(1): 91-111.
88. Strømsø, H. I., Bråten, I. and Samuelstuen, M. S. 2008. Dimensions of topic-specific epistemological beliefs as predictors of multiple text understanding. Learning and Instruction, 18(6): 513-527.
89. Tabachnick, B. G. and Fidell, L. S. 1989. Using multivariate statistics, New York, NY: Harper & Row.
90. Trautwein, U. and Lüdtke, O. 2007a. Epistemological beliefs, school achievement, and college major: A large-scale longitudinal study on the impact of certainty beliefs. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 32(3): 348-366.
91. Trautwein, U. and Lüdtke, O. 2007b. Predicting global and topic-specific certainty beliefs: Domain-specificity and the role of the academic environment. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(4): 907-934.
92. Tsai, C.-C. 2004. Beyond cognitive and metacognitive tools: The use of the Internet as an "epistemological" tool for instruction. British Journal of Educational Technology, 35(5): 525-536.
93. Tsai, C.-C. 2008. "The use of Internet-based instruction for the development of epistemological beliefs: A case study in Taiwan". In Knowing, knowledge and beliefs: Epistemological studies across diverse cultures, Edited by: Khine, M. S. 273-285. New York, NY: Springer.
94. Tu, Y.-W., Shih, M. and Tsai, C.-C. 2008. Eighth graders' web searching strategies and outcomes: The role of task types, web experiences and epistemological beliefs. Computers and Education, 51(3): 1142-1153.
95. Veenman, M. V. J. 2005. "The assessment of metacognitive skills: What can be learned from multimethod designs?". In Lernstrategien und Metakognition: Implikationen für Forschung und Praxis, Edited by: Moschner, B. and Artelt, C. 75-97. Berlin, Germany: Waxmann.
96. Veenman, M. V. J., Van Hout-Wolters, B. H. A. M. and Afflerbach, P. 2006. Metacognition and learning: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Metacognition and Learning, 1: 3-14.
97. Wallace, R. M., Kupperman, J., Krajcik, J. and Soloway, E. 2000. Science on the web: Students online in a sixth-grade classroom. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 9(1): 75-104.
98. Walraven, A., Brand-gruwel, S. and Boshuizen, H. P. A. 2008. Information-problem solving: A review of problems students encounter and instructional solutions. Computers in Human Behavior, 24(3): 623-648.
99. Weinstock, M. 2009. Relative expertise in an everyday reasoning task: Epistemic understanding, problem representation, and reasoning competence. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(4): 423-434.
100. Weinstock, M. 2011. Knowledge-telling and knowledge-transforming arguments in mock jurors' verdict justifications Knowledge-telling and knowledge-transforming arguments in mock jurors' verdict justifications. Thinking & Reasoning, 17(3): 282-314.
101. Weinstock, M. and Cronin, M. A. 2003. The everyday production of knowledge: Individual differences in epistemological understanding and juror-reasoning skill. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17(2): 161-181.
102. Weinstock, M., Neuman, Y. and Glassner, A. 2006. Identification of informal reasoning fallacies as a function of epistemological level, grade level, and cognitive ability. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(2): 327-341.
103. White, B. and Frederiksen, J. 1998. Inquiry, modeling, and metacognition: Making science accessible to all students. Cognition and Instruction, 16(1): 3-118.
104. Wiley, J., Goldman, S. R., Graesser, A. C., Sanchez, C. A., Ash, I. K. and Hemmerich, J. A. 2009. Source evaluation, comprehension, and learning in Internet science inquiry tasks. American Educational Research Journal, 46(4): 1060-1106.
105. Wineburg, S. S. 1991. Historical problem solving: A study of the cognitive processes used in the evaluation of documentary and pictorial evidence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(1): 73-87.
106. Wolfe, M. B. W. and Goldman, S. R. 2005. Relations between adolescents' text processing and reasoning. Cognition and Instruction, 23(4): 467-502.
107. World Health Organization. 2008. "Inequalities in young people's health: Health behaviour in school-aged children". International report from the 2005/2006 Survey. Retrieved from http://www.euro.who.int/InformationSources/Publications/Catalogue/20080616_1
108. Zohar, A. and Ben David, A. 2008. Explicit teaching of meta-strategic knowledge in authentic classroom situations. Metacognition and Learning, 3(1): 59-82.
109. Zohar, A. and Peled, B. 2007. The effects of explicit teaching of metastrategic knowledge on low and high achieving students. Learning and Instruction, 18(4): 337-353.