Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on cartilage metabolism in OA: Outlook on other nutrient partners especially omega-3 fatty acids

International Journal of Rheumatology

Volumn 2011, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Jerosch, Jörg ^a  

^a Johanna Etienne Hospital   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASCORBIC ACID; CELECOXIB; CHONDROITIN SULFATE; COLLAGEN DERIVATIVE; COLLAGEN HYDROLYSATE; COPPER; DICLOFENAC; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; GLUCOSAMINE; HYALURONIC ACID; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; LEPTIN; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; PARACETAMOL; PLACEBO; POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; RETINOL; SELENIUM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VITAMIN D; ZINC;

AGING; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; BIOSYNTHESIS; CARTILAGE METABOLISM; CATABOLISM; CHONDROPROTECTION; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG SYNOVIAL FLUID LEVEL; DRUG TARGETING; DRUG TOLERABILITY; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HEREDITY; HIP DYSPLASIA; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; JOINT MOBILITY; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION; SYNOVIAL FLUID; TISSUE METABOLISM; TISSUE REGENERATION; TREATMENT DURATION;

EID: 80053543553     PISSN: 16879260     EISSN: 16879279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2011/969012     Document Type: Review

References (157)

1. Felson D. T., Developments in the clinical understanding of osteoarthritis Arthritis Research Therapy 2009 11 1, article 203
2. Samuels J., Krasnokutsky S., Abramson B., Osteoarthritis: a tale of three tissues Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases 2008 66 3 244 250
3. Goldring M. B., Goldring S. R., Osteoarthritis Journal of Cellular Physiology 2007 213 3 626 634 (Pubitemid 350058254)
4. Schneider S., Schmitt G., Mau H., Schmitt H., Sabo D., Richter W., Prevalence and correlates of osteoarthritis in Germany. Representative data from the First National Health Survey Orthopade 2005 34 8 782 790 (Pubitemid 41186067)
5. Krasnokutsky S., Samuels J., Abramson S. B., Osteoarthritis in 2007 Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases 2007 65 3 222 228 (Pubitemid 351412136)
6. Huskisson E. C., Glucosamine and chondroitin for osteoarthritis Journal of International Medical Research 2008 36 6 1161 1179
7. Aigner T., Haag J., Martin J., Buckwalter J., Osteoarthritis: aging of matrix and cellsgoing for a remedy Current Drug Targets 2007 8 2 325 331
8. Dudhia J., Aggrecan, aging and assembly in articular cartilage Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2005 62 19-20 2241 2256 (Pubitemid 41500541)
9. Vaughan-Thomas A., Dudhia J., Bayliss M. T., Kadler K. E., Duance V. C., Modification of the composition of articular cartilage collagen fibrils with increasing age Connective Tissue Research 2008 49 5 374 382
10. Horton W. E. Jr., Bennion P., Yang L., Cellular, molecular, and matrix changes in cartilage during aging and osteoarthritis Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions 2006 6 4 379 381 (Pubitemid 46099725)
11. Verzijl N., DeGroot J., Ben Z. C., Braun-Benjamin O., Maroudas A., Bank R. A., Mizrahi J., Schalkwijk C. G., Thorpe S. R., Baynes J. W., Bijlsma J. W. J., Lafeber F. P. J. G., TeKoppele J. M., Crosslinking by advanced glycation end products increases the stiffness of the collagen network in human articular cartilage: a possible mechanism through which age is a risk factor for osteoarthritis Arthritis Rheumatism 2002 46 1 114 123 (Pubitemid 34121657)
12. Tanamas S., Hanna F. S., Cicuttini F. M., Wluka A. E., Berry P., Urquhart D. M., Does knee malalignment increase the risk of development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? A systematic review Arthritis Rheumatism 2009 61 4 459 467
13. Guh D. P., Zhang W., Bansback N., The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Public Health 2009 9, article 88
14. Spector T. D., MacGregor A. J., Risk factors for osteoarthritis: genetics Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004 12 S39 S44
15. Cicuttini F. M., Spector T. D., Genetics of osteoarthritis Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1996 55 9 665 667 (Pubitemid 26316291)
16. Spector T. D., Cicuttini F., Baker J., Loughlin J., Hart D., Genetic influences on osteoarthritis in women: a twin study British Medical Journal 1996 312 7036 940 944 (Pubitemid 126443292)
17. Valdes A. M., Loughlin J., Timms K. M., van Meurs J. J. B., Southam L., Wilson S. G., Doherty S., Lories R. J., Luyten F. P., Gutin A., Abkevich V., Ge D., Hofman A., Uitterlinden A. G., Hart D. J., Zhang F., Zhai G., Egli R. J., Doherty M., Lanchbury J., Spector T. D., Genome-wide association scan Identifies a prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 variant Involved in risk of knee osteoarthritis American Journal of Human Genetics 2008 82 6 1231 1240
18. Valdes A. M., Loughlin J., Oene M. V., Chapman K., Surdulescu G. L., Doherty M., Spector T. D., Sex and ethnic differences in the association of ASPN, CALM1, COL2A1, COMP, and FRZB with genetic susceptibility to osteoarthritis of the knee Arthritis Rheumatism 2007 56 1 137 146 (Pubitemid 46106186)
19. Russell M. E., Shivanna K. H., Grosland N. M., Pedersen D. R., Cartilage contact pressure elevations in dysplastic hips: a chronic overload model Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2006 1 1, article 6
20. Hadley N. A., Brown T. D., Weinstein S. L., The effects of contact pressure elevations and aseptic necrosis on the long-term outcome of congenital hip dislocation Journal of Orthopaedic Research 1990 8 4 504 513 (Pubitemid 20319506)
21. Maxian T. A., Brown T. D., Weinstein S. L., Chronic stress tolerance levels for human articular cartilage: two nonuniform contact models applied to long-term follow-up of CDH Journal of Biomechanics 1995 28 2 159 166
22. Eckstein F., Hudelmaier M., Putz R., The effects of exercise on human articular cartilage Journal of Anatomy 2006 208 4 491 512
23. Bhosale A. M., Richardson J. B., Articular cartilage: structure, injuries and review of management British Medical Bulletin 2008 87 1 77 95
24. Martel-Pelletier J., Boileau C., Pelletier J. P., Roughley P. J., Cartilage in normal and osteoarthritis conditions Best Practice and Research: Clinical Rheumatology 2008 22 2 351 384 (Pubitemid 351606950)
25. Hunziker E. B., Quinn T. M., Huselmann H. J., Quantitative structural organization of normal adult human articular cartilage Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002 10 7 564 572 (Pubitemid 34919072)
26. Khan I. M., Gilbert S. J., Singhrao S. K., Duance V. C., Archer C. W., Cartilage integration: evaluation of the reasons for failure of integration during cartilage repair. A review European Cells and Materials 2008 16 26 39
27. Bruyere O., Pavelka K., Rovati L. C., Gatterov J., Giacovelli G., Olejarov M., Deroisy R., Reginster J. Y., Total joint replacement after glucosamine sulphate treatment in knee osteoarthritis: results of a mean 8-year observation of patients from two previous 3-year, randomised, placebo-controlled trials Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16 2 254 260 (Pubitemid 351218188)
28. Clegg D. O., Reda D. J., Harris C. L., Klein M. A., O'Dell J. R., Hooper M. M., Bradley J. D., Bingham C. O., Weisman M. H., Jackson C. G., Lane N. E., Cush J. J., Moreland L. W., Schumacher H. R., Oddis C. V., Wolfe F., Molitor J. A., Yocum D. E., Schnitzer T. J., Furst D. E., Sawitzke A. D., Shi H., Brandt K. D., Moskowitz R. W., Williams H. J., Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis The New England Journal of Medicine 2006 354 8 795 808 (Pubitemid 43290918)
29. Herrero-Beaumont G., Ivorra J. A., Trabado M. D. C., Blanco F. J., Benito P., Martn-Mola E., Paulino J., Marenco J. L., Porto A., Laffon A., Arajo D., Figueroa M., Branco J., Glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study using acetaminophen as a side comparator Arthritis Rheumatism 2007 56 2 555 567
30. Reginster J. Y., Deroisy R., Rovati L. C., Lee R. L., Lejeune E., Bruyere O., Giacovelli G., Henrotin Y., Dacre J. E., Gossett C., Long-term effects of glucosamine sulphate on osteoarthritis progression: a randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial The Lancet 2001 357 9252 251 256 (Pubitemid 32120855)
31. Pavelka K., Gatterova J., Olejarova M., Glucosamine sulfate use and delay of progression of knee osteoarthritis: a 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study Archives of Internal Medicine 2002 162 18 2113 2123 (Pubitemid 35168220)
32. Bruyere O., Pavelka K., Rovati L. C., Deroisy R., Olejarova M., Gatterova J., Giacovelli G., Reginster J. Y., Glucosamine sulfate reduces osteoarthritis progression in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis: evidence from two 3-year studies Menopause 2004 11 2 138 143 (Pubitemid 40353230)
33. Bruyere O., Burlet N., Delmas P. D., Evaluation of symptomatic slow-acting drugs in osteoarthritis using the GRADE system BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008 9, article 165
34. Towheed T. E., Maxwell L., Anastassiades T. P., Shea B., Houpt J., Robinson V., Hochberg M. C., Wells G., Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2005 2
35. Vlad S. C., LaValley M. P., McAlindon T. E., Felson D. T., Glucosamine for pain in osteoarthritis: why do trial results differ? Arthritis Rheumatism 2007 56 7 2267 2277 (Pubitemid 47173575)
36. Reginster J. Y., The efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in osteoarthritis: financial and nonfinancial conflict of interest Arthritis Rheumatism 2007 56 7 2105 2110
37. Richy F., Bruyere O., Ethgen O., Structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive meta-analysis Archives of Internal Medicine 2003 163 13 1514 1522 (Pubitemid 36835094)
38. Poolsup N., Suthisisang C., Channark P., Kittikulsuth W., Glucosamine long-term treatment and the progression of knee osteoarthritis: systematic review of randomized controlled trials Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2005 39 6 1080 1087 (Pubitemid 40695976)
39. Uebelhart D., Clinical review of chondroitin sulfate in osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16 3 S19 S21
40. Lee Y. H., Woo J. H., Choi S. J., Ji J. D., Song G. G., Effect of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate on the osteoarthritis progression: a meta-analysis Rheumatology International 2010 30 3 357 363
41. Hochberg M. C., Zhan M., Langenberg P., The rate of decline of joint space width in patients withosteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of chondroitin sulfate Current Medical Research and Opinion 2008 24 11 3029 3035
42. Kahan A., Uebelhart D., De Vathaire F., Delmas P. D., Reginster J. Y., Long-term effects of chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate on knee osteoarthritis: the study on osteoarthritis progression prevention, a two-year, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Arthritis Rheumatism 2009 60 2 524 533
43. Michel B. A., Stucki G., Frey D., De Vathaire F., Vignon E., Bruehlmann P., Uebelhart D., Chondroitins 4 and 6 sulfate in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled trial Arthritis Rheumatism 2005 52 3 779 786 (Pubitemid 40365099)
44. Dahmer S., Schiller R. M., Glucosamine American Family Physician 2008 78 4 471 476
45. Kirkham S. G., Samarasinghe R. K., Review article: giucosamine Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery (Hong Kong) 2009 17 1 72 76
46. Gregory P. J., Sperry M., Wilson A. F., Dietary supplements for osteoarthritis American Family Physician 2008 77 2 177 184 (Pubitemid 351162302)
47. Bruyere O., Reginster J. Y., Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate as therapeutic agents for knee and hip osteoarthritis Drugs Aging 2007 24 7 573 580 (Pubitemid 47195676)
48. Reginster J. Y., Bruyere O., Neuprez A., Current role of glucosamine in the treatment of osteoarthritis Rheumatology 2007 46 5 731 735 (Pubitemid 47061700)
49. Edelist D. D., Evans M. F., Do glucosamine and chondroitin treat the symptoms of osteoarthritis? Canadian Family Physician 2001 47 275 277 (Pubitemid 32208810)
50. McAlindon T. E., LaValley M. P., Gulin J. P., Felson D. T., Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta-analysis Journal of the American Medical Association 2000 283 11 1469 1475 (Pubitemid 30151826)
51. Block J. A., Oegema T. R., Sandy J. D., Plaas A., The effects of oral glucosamine on joint health: is a change in research approach needed? Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 18 1 5 11
52. Laverty S., Sandy J. D., Celeste C., Vachon P., Marier J. F., Plaas A. H., Synovial fluid levels and serum pharmacokinetics in a large animal model following treatment with oral glucosamine at clinically relevant doses Arthritis Rheumatism 2005 52 1 181 191 (Pubitemid 40129247)
53. Towheed T. E., Anastassiades T., Glucosamine therapy for osteoarthritis: an update The Journal of Rheumatology 2007 34 9 1787 1790 (Pubitemid 350067633)
54. Varghese S., Theprungsirikul P., Sahani S., Glucosamine modulates chondrocyte proliferation, matrix synthesis, and gene expression Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15 1 59 68 (Pubitemid 46117911)
55. Lippiello L., Collagen synthesis in tenocytes, ligament cells and chondrocytes exposed to a combination of glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2007 4 2 219 224
56. Uitterlinden E. J., Koevoet J. L., Verkoelen C. F., Glucosamine increases hyaluronic acid production in human osteoarthritic synovium explants BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2008 9, article 120
57. Tiku M. L., Narla H., Jain M., Yalamanchili P., Glucosamine prevents in vitro collagen degradation in chondrocytes by inhibiting advanced lipoxidation reactions and protein oxidation Arthritis Research Therapy 2007 9 4, article R76
58. Derfoul A., Miyoshi A. D., Freeman D. E., Tuan R. S., Glucosamine promotes chondrogenic phenotype in both chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells and inhibits MMP-13 expression and matrix degradation Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15 6 646 655 (Pubitemid 46778218)
59. Dodge G. R., Jimenez S. A., Glucosamine sulfate modulates the levels of aggrecan and matrix metalloproteinase-3 synthesized by cultured human osteoarthritis articular chondrocytes Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11 6 424 432 (Pubitemid 36722656)
60. Sandy J. D., Gamett D., Thompson V., Verscharen C., Chondrocyte-mediated catabolism of aggrecan: aggrecanase-dependent cleavage induced by interleukin-1 or retinoic acid can be inhibited by glucosamine The Biochemical Journal 1998 335 1 59 66 (Pubitemid 28477050)
61. Rozendaal R. M., Koes B. W., van Osch G. J., Uitterlinden E. J., Garling E. H., Willemsen S. P., Ginai A. Z., Verhaar J. A. N., Weinans H., Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A., Effect of glucosamine sulfate on hip osteoarthritis: a randomized trial Annals of Internal Medicine 2008 148 4 268 277 (Pubitemid 351665485)
62. Rozendaal R. M., Uitterlinden E. J., van Osch G. J., Garling E. H., Willemsen S. P., Ginai A. Z., Verhaar J. A. N., Weinans H., Koes B. W., Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A., Effect of glucosamine sulphate on joint space narrowing, pain and function in patients with hip osteoarthritis; subgroup analyses of a randomized controlled trial Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2009 17 4 427 432
63. Qiu G. X., Gao S. N., Giacovelli G., Efficacy and safety of glucosamine sulfate versus ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis Arzneimittel-Forschung 1998 48 5 469 474 (Pubitemid 28247632)
64. Moore A., Derry S., McQuay H., Differing results of trials of glucosamine for pain in arthritis: comment on the article by Vlad et al Arthritis Rheumatism 2008 58 1 332 333
65. Greenwald R. A., Marginal efficacy of glucosamine: comment on the article by Vlad et al and the editorial by Reginster Arthritis Rheumatism 2008 58 1 332
66. Jordan K. M., Arden N. K., Doherty M., Bannwarth B., Bijlsma J. W. J., Dieppe P., Gunther K., Hauselmann H., Herrero-Beaumont G., Kaklamanis P., Lohmander S., Leeb B., Lequesne M., Mazieres B., Martin-Mola E., Pavelka K., Pendleton A., Punzi L., Serni U., Swoboda B., Verbruggen G., Zimmerman-Gorska I., Dougados M., EULAR Recommendations 2003: an evidence based approach to the management of knee osteoarthritis: report of a task force of the standing committee for international clinical studies including therapeutic trials (ESCISIT) Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2003 62 12 1145 1155 (Pubitemid 37500619)
67. Uebelhart D., Malaise M., Marcolongo R., DeVathairell F., Piperno M., Mailleux E., Fioravanti A., Matoso L., Vignon E., Intermittent treatment of knee osteoarthritis with oral chondroitin sulfate: a one-year, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study versus placebo Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2004 12 4 269 276 (Pubitemid 38461289)
68. Uebelhart D., Thonar E. J., Delmas P. D., Chantraine A., Vignon E., Effects of oral chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 1998 6 39 46 (Pubitemid 28255104)
69. Natural Standard Chondroitin sulfate. Natural Standard Monographs, 2007
70. Leeb B. F., Schweitzer H., Montag K., Smolen J. S., A metaanalysis of chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis The Journal of Rheumatology 2000 27 1 205 211 (Pubitemid 30058651)
71. Hathcock J. N., Shao A., Risk assessment for glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2007 47 1 78 83 (Pubitemid 44765124)
72. Sawitzke A. D., Shi H., Finco M. F., Dunlop D. D., Bingham C. O., Harris C. L., Singer N. G., Bradley J. D., Silver D., Jackson C. G., Lane N. E., Oddis C. V., Wolfe F., Lisse J., Furst D. E., Reda D. J., Moskowitz R. W., Williams H. J., Clegg D. O., The effect of glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a report from the glucosamine/chondroitin arthritis intervention trial Arthritis Rheumatism 2008 58 10 3183 3191
73. Das A. Jr., Hammad T. A., Efficacy of a combination of FCHG49 glucosamine hydrochloride, TRH122 low molecular weight sodium chondroitin sulfate and manganese ascorbate in the management of knee osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2000 8 5 343 350
74. Hochberg M. C., Clegg D. O., Potential effects of chondroitin sulfate on joint swelling: a GAIT report Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2008 16 supplement 3 S22 S24
75. Collier S., Ghosh P., Evaluation of the effects of antiarthritic drugs on the secretion of proteoglycans by lapine chondrocytes using a novel assay procedure Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1989 48 5 372 381 (Pubitemid 19130196)
76. Lippiello L., Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate: biological response modifiers of chondrocytes under simulated conditions of joint stress Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11 5 335 342 (Pubitemid 36621843)
77. Orth M. W., Peters T. L., Hawkins J. N., Inhibition of articular cartilage degradation by glucosamine-HCl and chondroitin sulphate Equine Veterinary Journal Supplement 2002 34 224 229
78. McCarty M. F., Russell A. L., Seed M. P., Sulfated glycosaminsglycan and glucosamine may synergize in promoting synovial hyaluronic acid synthesis Medical Hypotheses 2000 54 5 798 802 (Pubitemid 30326511)
79. David-Raoudi M., Deschrevel B., Leclercq S., Chondroitin sulfate increases hyaluronan production by human synoviocytes through differential regulation of hyaluronan synthases: role of p38 and Akt Arthritis Rheumatism 2009 60 3 760 770
80. Volpi N., Oral bioavailability of chondroitin sulfate (Condrosulf) and its constituents in healthy male volunteers Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2002 10 10 768 777 (Pubitemid 35153717)
81. Palmieri L., Conte A., Giovannini L., Lualdi P., Ronca G., Metabolic fate of exogenous chondroitin sulfate in the experimental animal Arzneimittel-Forschung 1990 40 3 319 323 (Pubitemid 20103617)
82. Jackson C. G., Plaas A. H., Sandy J. D., Hua C., Kim-Rolands S., Barnhill J. G., Harris C. L., Clegg D. O., The human pharmacokinetics of oral ingestion of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate taken separately or in combination Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2010 19 3 297 302
83. Balogh L., Polyak A., Mathe D., Kiraly R., Thuroczy J., Terez M., Janoki G., Ting Y., Bucci L. R., Schauss A. G., Absorption, uptake and tissue affinity of high-molecular-weight hyaluronan after oral administration in rats and dogs Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2008 56 22 10582 10593
84. Kalman D. S., Heimer M., Valdeon A., Schwartz H., Sheldon E., Effect of a natural extract of chicken combs with a high content of hyaluronic acid (Hyal-Joint) on pain relief and quality of life in subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial Nutrition Journal 2008 7 1, article 3
85. Clark K. L., Sebastianelli W., Flechsenhar K. R., Aukermann D. F., Meza F., Millard R. L., Deitch J. R., Sherbondy P. S., Albert A., 24-Week study on the use of collagen hydrolysate as a dietary supplement in athletes with activity-related joint pain Current Medical Research and Opinion 2008 24 5 1485 1496 (Pubitemid 351741582)
86. Benito-Ruiz P., Camacho-Zambrano M. M., Carrillo-Arcentales J. N., Mestanza-Peralta M. A., Vallejo-Flores C. A., Vargas-Lpez S. V., Villacs-Tamayo R. A., Zurita-Gavilanes L. A., A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of a food ingredient, collagen hydrolysate, for improving joint comfort International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 2009 60 supplement 2 99 113
87. Pelletier J. P., Martel-Pelletier J., Abramson S. B., Osteoarthritis, an inflammatory disease: potential implication for the selection of new therapeutic targets Arthritis Rheumatism 2001 44 6 1237 1247 (Pubitemid 32537520)
88. Saxne T., Lindell M., Mansson B., Petersson I. F., Heinegard D., Inflammation is a feature of the disease process in early knee joint osteoarthritis Rheumatology 2003 42 7 903 904 (Pubitemid 37220944)
89. Benito M. J., Veale D. J., FitzGerald O., van den Berg W. B., Bresnihan B., Synovial tissue inflammation in early and late osteoarthritis Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2005 64 9 1263 1267 (Pubitemid 41206240)
90. Martin J. A., Brown T. D., Heiner A. D., Buckwalter J. A., Chondrocyte senescence, joint loading and osteoarthritis Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2004 427, supplement S96 S103
91. Yudoh K., Nguyen V. T., Nakamura H., Potential involvement of oxidative stress in cartilage senescence and development of osteoarthritis: oxidative stress induces chondrocyte telomere instability and downregulation of chondrocyte function Arthritis Research Therapy 2005 7 2 R380 391
92. Altindag O., Erel O., Aksoy N., Increased oxidative stress and its relation with collagen metabolism in knee osteoarthritis Rheumatology International 2007 27 4 339 344 (Pubitemid 46122276)
93. Surapaneni K. M., Venkataramana G., Status of lipid peroxidation, glutathione, ascorbic acid, vitamin E and antioxidant enzymes in patients with osteoarthritis Indian Journal of Medical Sciences 2007 61 1 9 14 (Pubitemid 46045614)
94. Ding C., Cicuttini F., Scott F., Cooley H., Jones G., Knee structural alteration and BMI: a cross-sectional study Obesity Research 2005 13 2 350 361
95. Reijman M., Pols H. A., Bergink A. P., Hazes J. M. W., Belo J. N., Lievense A. M., Bierma-Zeinstra S. M. A., Body mass index associated with onset and progression of osteoarthritis of the knee but not of the hip: the Rotterdam study Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2007 66 2 158 162 (Pubitemid 46226047)
96. Anandacoomarasamy A., Fransen M., March L., Obesity and the musculoskeletal system Current Opinion in Rheumatology 2009 21 1 71 77
97. Hart D. J., Spector T. D., The relationship of obesity, fat distribution and osteoarthritis in women in the general population: the Chingford study The Journal of Rheumatology 1993 20 2 331 335 (Pubitemid 23066048)
98. Masuko K., Murata M., Suematsu N., Okamoto K., Yudoh K., Nakamura H., Kato T., A metabolic aspect of osteoarthritis: lipid as a possible contributor to the pathogenesis of cartilage degradation Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2009 27 2 347 353
99. Gomez R., Lago F., Gomez-Reino J., Dieguez C., Gualillo O., Adipokines in the skeleton: influence on cartilage function and joint degenerative diseases Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 2009 43 1 11 18
100. Messier S. P., Obesity and osteoarthritis: disease genesis and nonpharmacologic weight management Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 2008 34 3 713 729
101. Lago F., Dieguez C., Gomez-Reino J., Gualillo O., Adipokines as emerging mediators of immune response and inflammation Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology 2007 3 12 716 724 (Pubitemid 350187017)
102. Iannone F., Lapadula G., Obesity and inflammationtargets for OA therapy Current Drug Targets 2010 11 5 586 598
103. Pottie P., Presle N., Terlain B., Obesity and osteoarthritis: more complex than predicted! Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2006 65 11 1403 1405 (Pubitemid 44629113)
104. Dumond H., Presle N., Terlain B., Mainard D., Loeuille D., Netter P., Pottie P., Evidence for a key role of leptin in osteoarthritis Arthritis Rheumatism 2003 48 11 3118 3129 (Pubitemid 37409323)
105. Aspden R. M., Scheven B. A., Hutchison J. D., Osteoarthritis as a systemic disorder including stromal cell differentiation and lipid metabolism The Lancet 2001 357 9262 1118 1120 (Pubitemid 32322547)
106. Lajeunesse D., Pelletier J. P., Martel-Pelletier J., Osteoarthritis: a metabolic disease induced by local abnormal leptin activity? Current Rheumatology Reports 2005 7 2 79 81
107. Figenschau Y., Knutsen G., Shahazeydi S., Johansen O., Sveinbjrnsson B., Human articular chondrocytes express functional leptin receptors Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 2001 287 1 190 197 (Pubitemid 32912482)
108. Blaney Davidson E. N., van der Kraan P. M., van den Berg W. B., TGF-beta and osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15 6 597 604
109. Vuolteenaho K., Koskinen A., Kukkonen M., Leptin enhances synthesis of proinflammatory mediators in human osteoarthritic cartilage-mediator role of NO in leptin-induced PGE 2, IL-6, and IL-8 production Mediators of Inflammation 2009 2009, article 345838
110. Kojima F., Naraba H., Miyamoto S., Membrane-associated prostaglandin E synthase-1 is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis Arthritis Research Therapy 2004 6 4 R355 T365
111. Notoya K., Jovanovic D. V., Reboul P., The induction of cell death in human osteoarthritis chondrocytes by nitric oxide is related to the production of prostaglandin E2 via the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 Journal of Immunology 2000 165 6 3402 3410
112. Otero M., Lago R., Lago F., Reino J. J., Gualillo O., Signalling pathway involved in nitric oxide synthase type II activation in chondrocytes: synergistic effect of leptin with interleukin-1 Arthritis Research Therapy 2005 7 3 R581 R591
113. Kim S. J., Ju J. W., Oh C. D., Yoon Y. M., Song W. K., Kim J. H., Yoo Y. J., Bang O. S., Kang S. S., Chun J. S., ERK-1/2 and p38 kinase oppositely regulate nitric oxide-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes in association with p53, caspase-3, and differentiation status The Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 2 1332 1339 (Pubitemid 34968887)
114. Sasaki K., Hattori T., Fujisawa T., Nitric oxide mediates interleukin-1-induced gene expression of matrix metalloproteinases and basic fibroblast growth factor in cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes Journal of Biochemistry 1998 123 3 431 439 (Pubitemid 28143497)
115. Burrage P. S., Mix K. S., Brinckerhoff C. E., Matrix metalloproteinases: role in arthritis Frontiers in Bioscience 2006 11 1 529 543 (Pubitemid 43258162)
116. Simopoulou T., Malizos K. N., Iliopoulos D., Stefanou N., Papatheodorou L., Ioannou M., Tsezou A., Differential expression of leptin and leptin's receptor isoform (Ob-Rb) mRNA between advanced and minimally affected osteoarthritic cartilage; effect on cartilage metabolism Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2007 15 8 872 883 (Pubitemid 47209251)
117. Iliopoulos D., Malizos K. N., Tsezou A., Epigenetic regulation of leptin affects MMP-13 expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: possible molecular target for osteoarthritis therapeutic intervention Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2007 66 12 1616 1621 (Pubitemid 350205450)
118. Nagaset H., Woessner J. F. Jr., Matrix metalloproteinases The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1999 274 31 21491 21494
119. Gosset M., Berenbaum F., Levy A., Pigenet A., Thirion S., Saffar J. L., Jacques C., Prostaglandin E2 synthesis in cartilage explants under compression: mPGES-1 is a mechanosensitive gene Arthritis Research Therapy 2006 8 4, article R135
120. Pulai J. I., Chen H., Im H. J., Kumar S., Hanning C., Hegde P. S., Loeser R. F., NF-kappa B mediates the stimulation of cytokine and chemokine expression by human articular chondrocytes in response to fibronectin fragments Journal of Immunology 2005 174 9 5781 5788 (Pubitemid 40593222)
121. Ding L., Guo D., Homandberg G. A., Fibronectin fragments mediate matrix metalloproteinase upregulation and cartilage damage through proline rich tyrosine kinase 2, c-src, NF-kappaB and protein kinase Cdelta Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2009 17 10 1385 1392
122. Homandberg G. A., Meyers R., Xie D. L., Fibronectin fragments cause chondrolysis of bovine articular cartilage slices in culture The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1992 267 6 3597 3604
123. Wu W., Billinghurst R. C., Pidoux I., Antoniou J., Zukor D., Tanzer M., Poole A. R., Sites of collagenase cleavage and denaturation of type II collagen in aging and osteoarthritic articular cartilage and their relationship to the distribution of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and matrix metalloproteinase 13 Arthritis Rheumatism 2002 46 8 2087 2094
124. Xu L., Peng H., Glasson S., Lee P. L., Hu K., Ijiri K., Olsen B. R., Goldring M. B., Li Y., Increased expression of the collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor 2 in articular cartilage as a key event in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis Arthritis Rheumatism 2007 56 8 2663 2673 (Pubitemid 47237284)
125. Fosang A. J., Rogerson F. M., East C. J., Stanton H., ADAMTS-5: the story so far European Cells Materials 2008 15 11 26 (Pubitemid 351955729)
126. Gruenwald J., Petzold E., Busch R., Petzold H. P., Graubaum H. J., Effect of glucosamine sulfate with or without omega-3 fatty acids in patients with osteoarthritis Advances in Therapy 2009 26 9 858 871
127. Strhle A., Schneiders T., Jerosch J., Heisel J., Nutritional medical aspects of osteoarthritis therapy Management of Osteoarthritis 2010 Kln, Germany Deutscher rzte-Verlag 41 57
128. Chan P. S., Caron J. P., Orth M. W., Short-term gene expression changes in cartilage explants stimulated with interleukin beta plus glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate The Journal of Rheumatology 2006 33 7 1329 1340 (Pubitemid 44025148)
129. Chan P. S., Caron J. P., Rosa G. J., Orth M. W., Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate regulate gene expression and synthesis of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 in articular cartilage explants Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2005 13 5 387 394 (Pubitemid 40631284)
130. Largo R., Alvarez-Soria M. A., Diez-Ortego I., Glucosamine inhibits IL-1beta-induced NFkappaB activation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11 4 290 298 (Pubitemid 36410882)
131. Gouze J. N., Bianchi A., Becuwe P., Glucosamine modulates IL-1-induced activation of rat chondrocytes at a receptor level, and by inhibiting the NF-kappa B pathway FEBS Letters 2002 510 3 166 170 (Pubitemid 34093818)
132. Gouze J. N., Bordji K., Gulberti S., Interleukin-1beta down-regulates the expression of glucuronosyltransferase I, a key enzyme priming glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis: influence of glucosamine on interleukin-1beta-mediated effects in rat chondrocytes Arthritis Rheumatism 2001 44 2 351 360
133. Shikhman A. R., Kuhn K., Alaaeddine N., Lotz M., N-acetylglucosamine prevents IL-1 beta-mediated activation of human chondrocytes Journal of Immunology 2001 166 8 5155 5160 (Pubitemid 32280730)
134. Jang B. C., Sung S. H., Park J. G., Park J. W., Jae H. B., Dong H. S., Park G. Y., Han S. B., Suhz S. I., Glucosamine hydrochloride specifically inhibits COX-2 by preventing COX-2 N-glycosylation and by increasing COX-2 protein turnover in a proteasome-dependent manner Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007 282 38 27622 27632 (Pubitemid 47529499)
135. du Souich P., Garcia A. G., Verges J., Montell E., Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of chondroitin sulphate Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 2009 13 8 1451 1463
136. Herrero-Beaumont G., Marcos M. E., Sanchez-Pernaute O., Granados R., Ortega L., Montell E., Vergés J., Egido J., Largo R., Effect of chondroitin sulphate in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis aggravated by chronic arthritis British Journal of Pharmacology 2008 154 4 843 851 (Pubitemid 351821578)
137. Rajapakse N., Mendis E., Kim M. M., Kim S. K., Sulfated glucosamine inhibits MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in human fibrosarcoma cells Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 2007 15 14 4891 4896 (Pubitemid 46836836)
138. Valvason C., Musacchio E., Pozzuoli A., Influence of glucosamine sulphate on oxidative stress in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes: effects on HO-1, p22 Phox and iNOS expression Rheumatology 2008 47 1 31 35 (Pubitemid 350286257)
139. Campo G. M., Avenoso A., Campo S., D'Ascola A., Traina P., Sam D., Calatroni A., Glycosaminoglycans modulate inflammation and apoptosis in
140. Henrotin Y. E., Bruckner P., Pujol J. P., The role of reactive oxygen species in homeostasis and degradation of cartilage Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 2003 11 10 747 755 (Pubitemid 37184493)
141. Ruiz-Romero C., Calamia V., Mateos J., Carreira V., Martnez-Gomariz M., Fernndez M., Blanco F. J., Mitochondrial dysregulation of osteoarthritic human articular chondrocytes analyzed by proteomics: a decrease in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase points to a redox imbalance Molecular and Cellular Proteomics 2009 8 1 172 189
142. Roach H. I., The complex pathology of osteoarthritis: even mitochondria are involved Arthritis Rheumatism 2008 58 8 2217 2218
143. Wang Y., Prentice L. F., Vitetta L., Wluka A. E., Cicuttini F. M., The effect of nutritional supplements on osteoarthritis Alternative Medicine Review 2004 9 3 275 296 (Pubitemid 39299201)
144. Ameye L. G., Chee W. S., Osteoarthritis and nutrition. From nutraceuticals to functional foods: a systematic review of the scientific evidence Arthritis Research Therapy 2006 8 4, article R127
145. Clark A. G., Rohrbaugh A. L., Otterness I., Kraus V. B., The effects of ascorbic acid on cartilage metabolism in guinea pig articular cartilage explants Matrix Biology 2002 21 2 175 184 (Pubitemid 34145242)
146. McAlindon T. E., Jacques P., Zhang Y., Hannan M. T., Aliabadi P., Weissman B., Rush D., Levy D., Felson D. T., Do antioxidant micronutrients protect against the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheumatism 1996 39 4 648 656 (Pubitemid 26118044)
147. Fang Y. Z., Yang S., Wu G., Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition Nutrition 2002 18 10 872 879 (Pubitemid 35292261)
148. Sasaki S., Iwata H., Ishiguro N., Habuchi O., Miura T., Low-selenium diet, bone, and articular cartilage in rats Nutrition 1994 10 6 538 543
149. Hill J., Bird H. A., Failure of selenium-ACE to improve osteoarthritis British Journal of Rheumatology 1990 29 3 211 213 (Pubitemid 20194024)
150. Murad H., Tabibian P., The effect of an oral supplement containing glucosamine, amino acids, minerals, and antioxidants on cutaneous aging: a preliminary study The Journal of Dermatological Treatment 2001 12 1 47 51 (Pubitemid 32385600)
151. Rennie K. L., Hughes J., Lang R., Jebb S. A., Nutritional management of rheumatoid arthritis: a review of the evidence Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 2003 16 2 97 109 (Pubitemid 36527084)
152. Kremer J. M., Jubiz W., Michalek A., Fish-oil fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blinded, controlled, crossover study Annals of Internal Medicine 1987 106 4 497 503 (Pubitemid 17095031)
153. van der Tempel H., Tulleken J. E., Limburg P. C., Muskiet F. A., van Rijswijk M. H., Effects of fish oil supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 1990 49 2 76 80 (Pubitemid 20041007)
154. Galarraga B., Ho M., Youssef H. M., Hill A., McMahon H., Hall C., Ogston S., Nuki G., Belch J. J. F., Cod liver oil (n-3 fatty acids) as an non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sparing agent in rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatology 2008 47 5 665 669 (Pubitemid 351619210)
155. Hankenson K. D., Watkins B. A., Schoenlein I. A., Allen K. G., Turek J. J., Omega-3 fatty acids enhance ligament fibroblast collagen formation in association with changes in interleukin-6 production Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 2000 223 1 88 95 (Pubitemid 30182662)
156. Lippiello L., Fienhold M., Grandjean C., Metabolic and ultrastructural changes in articular cartilage of rats fed dietary supplements of omega-3 fatty acids Arthritis Rheumatism 1990 33 7 1029 1036 (Pubitemid 20226358)
157. Curtis C. L., Rees S. G., Little C. B., Flannery C. R., Hughes C. E., Wilson C., Dent C. M., Otterness I. G., Harwood J. L., Caterson B., Pathologic indicators of degradation and inflammation in human osteoarthritic cartilage are abrogated by exposure to n-3 fatty acids Arthritis Rheumatism 2002 46 6 1544 1553 (Pubitemid 34620201)