Dynamin-related protein 1 and mitochondrial fragmentation in neurodegenerative diseases

Brain Research Reviews

Volumn 67, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 103-118

  Reddy, P Hemachandra ^a,b   Reddy, Tejaswini P ^a   Manczak, Maria ^a   Calkins, Marcus J ^a   Shirendeb, Ulziibat ^a   Mao, Peizhong ^a  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics; Alzheimer's disease; Dynamin related protein 1; Mitochondrial fission

Indexed keywords

DYNAMIN RELATED PROTEIN 1; MEMBRANE PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CYPD GENE; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DRP1 GENE; FIS1 GENE; HETEROZYGOSITY; HUMAN; HUNTINGTON CHOREA; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; MFN1 GENE; MITOCHONDRIAL FRAGMENTATION; MITOCHONDRIAL GENE; MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE; MITOCHONDRION; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; NONHUMAN; OPA1 GENE; PARKINSON DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; RETINA GANGLION CELL; REVIEW; SUMOYLATION; TOMM40 GENE; UBIQUITINATION;

ANIMALS; CELL RESPIRATION; GTP PHOSPHOHYDROLASES; HUMANS; MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS; MITOCHONDRIA; MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES; MITOCHONDRIAL PROTEINS; MODELS, ANIMAL; MUTATION; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES;

EID: 79957937433     PISSN: 01650173     EISSN: 18726321     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2010.11.004     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Alavi M.V., Bette S., Schimpf S., Schuettauf F., Schraermeyer U., Wehrl H.F., Ruttiger L., Beck S.C., Tonagel F., Pichler B.J., Knipper M., Peters T., Laufs J., Wissinger B. A splice site mutation in the murine Opa1 gene features pathology of autosomal dominant optic atrophy. Brain 2007, 130(Pt 4):1029-1042.
2. Alexander C., Votruba M., Pesch U.E., Thiselton D.L., Mayer S., Moore A., Rodriguez M., Kellner U., Leo-Kottler B., Auburger G., Bhattacharya S.S., Wissinger B. OPA1, encoding a dynamin-related GTPase, is mutated in autosomal dominant optic atrophy linked to chromosome 3q28. Nat. Genet. 2000, 26(2):211-215.
3. Barsoum M.J., Yuan H., Gerencser A.A., Liot G., Kushnareva Y., Gräber S., Kovacs I., Lee W.D., Waggoner J., Cui J., White A.D., Bossy B., Martinou J.C., Youle R.J., Lipton S.A., Ellisman M.H., Perkins G.A., Bossy-Wetzel E. Nitric oxide-induced mitochondrial fission is regulated by dynamin-related GTPases in neurons. EMBO J. 2006, 25(16):3900-3911.
4. Beal M.F. Mitochondria take center stage in aging and neurodegeneration. Ann. Neurol. 2005, 58(4):495-505.
5. Braschi E., Zunino R., McBride H.M. MAPL is a new mitochondrial SUMO E3 ligase that regulates mitochondrial fission. EMBO Rep. 2009, 10(7):748-754.
6. Cassina P., Cassina A., Pehar M., Castellanos R., Gandelman M., de León A., Robinson K.M., Mason R.P., Beckman J.S., Barbeito L., Radi R. Mitochondrial dysfunction in SOD1G93A-bearing astrocytes promotes motor neuron degeneration: prevention by mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28(16):4115-4122.
7. Chan D.C. Mitochondrial fusion and fission in mammals. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2006, 22:79-99.
8. Chang C.R., Blackstone C. Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial regulation. EMBO Rep. 2007, 8(12):1088-1089.
9. Chen H., Chan D.C. Emerging functions of mammalian mitochondrial fusion and fission. Hum. Mol. Genet 2005, 14(Spec No. 2):R283-R289.
10. Chen H., Chan D.C. Mitochondrial dynamics-fusion, fission, movement, and mitophagy-in neurodegenerative diseases. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2009, 18(R2):R169-R176.
11. Chen H., Detmer S.A., Ewald A.J., Griffin E.E., Fraser S.E., Chan D.C. Mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2 coordinately regulate mitochondrial fusion and are essential for embryonic development. J. Cell Biol. 2003, 160(2):189-200.
12. Cho D.H., Nakamura T., Fang J., Cieplak P., Godzik A., Gu Z., Lipton S.A. S-nitrosylation of Drp1 mediates beta-amyloid-related mitochondrial fission and neuronal injury. Science 2009, 324(5923):102-105.
13. Chu H.Y., Zhen X. Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels in the regulation of midbrain dopamine systems. Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 2010, [Epub ahead of print].
14. Cookson M.R. DJ-1, PINK1, and their effects on mitochondrial pathways. Mov. Disord. 2010, 25(Suppl 1):S44-S48.
15. Cribbs J.T., Strack S. Reversible phosphorylation of Drp1 by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and calcineurin regulates mitochondrial fission and cell death. EMBO Rep. 2007, 8(10):939-944.
16. Dagda R.K., Cherra S.J., Kulich S.M., Tandon A., Park D., Chu C.T. Loss of PINK1 function promotes mitophagy through effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284(20):13843-13855.
17. Davies V.J., Hollins A.J., Piechota M.J., Yip W., Davies J.R., White K.E., Nicols P.P., Boulton M.E., Votruba M. Opa1 deficiency in a mouse model of autosomal dominant optic atrophy impairs mitochondrial morphology, optic nerve structure and visual function. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2007, 16(11):1307-1318.
18. Delettre C., Lenaers G., Griffoin J.M., Gigarel N., Lorenzo C., Belenguer P., Pelloquin L., Grosgeorge J., Turc-Carel C., Perret E., Astarie-Dequeker C., Lasquellec L., Arnaud B., Ducommun B., Kaplan J., Hamel C.P. Nuclear gene OPA1, encoding a mitochondrial dynamin-related protein, is mutated in dominant optic atrophy. Nat. Genet. 2000, 26(2):207-210.
19. Deng H., Dodson M.W., Huang H., Guo M. The Parkinson's disease genes pink1 and parkin promote mitochondrial fission and/or inhibit fusion in Drosophila. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105(38):14503-14508.
20. Dhaliwal G.K., Grewal R.P. Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutation levels are elevated in ALS brains. NeuroReport 2000, 11(11):2507-2509.
21. Ferreira I.L., Nascimento M.V., Ribeiro M., Almeida S., Cardoso S.M., Grazina M., Pratas J., Santos M.J., Januário C., Oliveira C.R., Rego A.C. Mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis in Huntington's disease human cybrids. Exp. Neurol. 2010, 222(2):243-255.
22. Figueroa-Romero C., Iñiguez-Lluhí J.A., Stadler J., Chang C.R., Arnoult D., Keller P.J., Hong Y., Blackstone C., Feldman E.L. SUMOylation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 occurs at multiple nonconsensus sites within the B domain and is linked to its activity cycle. FASEB J. 2009, 23(11):3917-3927.
23. Frank S., Gaume B., Bergmann-Leitner E.S., Leitner W.W., Robert E.G., Catez F., Smith C.L., Youle R.J. The role of dynamin-related protein 1, a mediator of mitochondrial fission, in apoptosis. Dev. Cell 2001, 1(4):515-525.
24. Gomez-Lazaro M., Bonekamp N.A., Galindo M.F., Jordán J., Schrader M. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induces Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 2008, 44(11):1960-1969.
25. Harder, Z., Zunino, R., McBride, H., 2009. Sumo1 conjugates mitochondrial substrates and participates in mitochondrial fission. Curr. Biol. 2004 Feb 17;14(4), 340-345.
26. Hirai K., Aliev G., Nunomura A., Fujioka H., Russell R.L., Atwood C.S., Johnson A.B., Kress Y., Vinters H.V., Tabaton M., Shimohama S., Cash A.D., Siedlak S.L., Harris P.L., Jones P.K., Petersen R.B., Perry G., Smith M.A. Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21(9):3017-3023.
27. Ilieva E.V., Ayala V., Jové M., Dalfó E., Cacabelos D., Povedano M., Bellmunt M.J., Ferrer I., Pamplona R., Portero-Otín M. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress interplay in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2007, 130(Pt 12):3111-3123.
28. Imoto M., Tachibana I., Urrutia R. Identification and functional characterization of a novel human protein highly related to the yeast dynamin-like GTPase Vps1p. J. Cell Sci. 1998, 111(Pt 10):1341-1349.
29. Ishihara N., Nomura M., Jofuku A., Kato H., Suzuki S.O., Masuda K., Otera H., Nakanishi Y., Nonaka I., Goto Y., Taguchi N., Morinaga H., Maeda M., Takayanagi R., Yokota S., Mihara K. Mitochondrial fission factor Drp1 is essential for embryonic development and synapse formation in mice. Nat. Cell Biol. 2009, 11(8):958-966.
30. Karbowski M., Neutzner A., Youle R.J. The mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCH5 is required for Drp1 dependent mitochondrial division. J. Cell Biol. 2007, 178(1):71-84.
31. Kawamata H., Magrané J., Kunst C., King M.P., Manfredi G. Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a target for mutant SOD1 toxicity in mitochondria. J. Biol. Chem. 2008, 283(42):28321-28328.
32. Kim J., Moody J.P., Edgerly C.K., Bordiuk O.L., Cormier K., Smith K., Beal M.F., Ferrante R.J. Mitochondrial loss, dysfunction and altered dynamics in Huntington's disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2010, Aug 4. [Epub ahead of print].
33. Kirkinezos I.G., Bacman S.R., Hernandez D., Oca-Cossio J., Arias L.J., Perez-Pinzon M.A., Bradley W.G., Moraes C.T. Cytochrome c association with the inner mitochondrial membrane is impaired in the CNS of G93A-SOD1 mice. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25(1):164-172.
34. Knott A.B., Perkins G., Schwarzenbacher R., Bossy-Wetzel E. Mitochondrial fragmentation in neurodegeneration. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2008, 9(7):505-518.
35. Koch K.V., Suelmann R., Fischer R. Deletion of mdmB impairs mitochondrial distribution and morphology in Aspergillus nidulans. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2003, 55(2):114-124.
36. Koch A., Yoon Y., Bonekamp N.A., McNiven M.A., Schrader M. A role for Fis1 in both mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission in mammalian cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 2005, 16(11):5077-5086.
37. Krasnianski A., Deschauer M., Neudecker S., Gellerich F.N., Müller T., Schoser B.G., Krasnianski M., Zierz S. Mitochondrial changes in skeletal muscle in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurogenic atrophies. Brain 2005, 128(Pt 8):1870-1876.
38. Labrousse A.M., Zappaterra M.D., Rube D.A., van der Bliek A.M. C. elegans dynamin-related protein DRP-1 controls severing of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Mol. Cell 1999, 4(5):815-826.
39. Li Z., Okamoto K., Hayashi Y., Sheng M. The importance of dendritic mitochondria in the morphogenesis and plasticity of spines and synapses. Cell 2004, 119(6):873-887.
40. Li X.J., Orr A.L., Li S. Impaired mitochondrial trafficking in Huntington's disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2010, 1802(1):62-65.
41. Lin M.T., Beal M.F. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Nature 2006, 443(7113):787-795.
42. Lin T.K., Liou C.W., Chen S.D., Chuang Y.C., Tiao M.M., Wang P.W., Chen J.B., Chuang J.H. Mitochondrial dysfunction and biogenesis in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Chang Gung Med. J. 2009, 32(6):589-599.
43. Liot G., Bossy B., Lubitz S., Kushnareva Y., Sejbuk N., Bossy-Wetzel E. Complex II inhibition by 3-NP causes mitochondrial fragmentation and neuronal cell death via an NMDA- and ROS-dependent pathway. Cell Death Differ. 2009, 16(6):899-909.
44. Lutz A.K., Exner N., Fett M.E., Schlehe J.S., Kloos K., Lämmermann K., Brunner B., Kurz-Drexler A., Vogel F., Reichert A.S., Bouman L., Vogt-Weisenhorn D., Wurst W., Tatzelt J., Haass C., Winklhofer K.F. Loss of parkin or PINK1 function increases Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation. J. Biol. Chem. 2010, 284(34):22938-22951.
45. Magrané J., Manfredi G. Mitochondrial function, morphology, and axonal transport in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2009, 11(7):1615-16126.
46. Magrané J., Hervias I., Henning M.S., Damiano M., Kawamata H., Manfredi G. Mutant SOD1 in neuronal mitochondria causes toxicity and mitochondrial dynamics abnormalities. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2009, 18(23):4552-4564.
47. Mai S., Klinkenberg M., Auburger G., Bereiter-Hahn J., Jendrach M. Decreased expression of Drp1 and Fis1 mediates mitochondrial elongation in senescent cells and enhances resistance to oxidative stress through PINK1. J. Cell Sci. 2010, 123(Pt 6):917-926.
48. Manczak M., Park B.S., Jung Y., Reddy P.H. Differential expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes in patients with Alzheimer's disease: implications for early mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage. Neuromolecular Med. 2004, 5(2):147-162.
49. Manczak M., Jung Y., Park B.S., Partovi D., Reddy P.H. Time-course of mitochondrial gene expressions in mice brains: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, and cytochrome c in aging. J. Neurochem. 2005, 92(3):494-504.
50. Manczak M., Anekonda T.S., Henson E., Park B.S., Quinn J., Reddy P.H. Mitochondria are a direct site of A beta accumulation in Alzheimer's disease neurons: implications for free radical generation and oxidative damage in disease progression. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2006, 15(9):1437-1449.
51. Manczak M., Mao P., Calkins M.J., Cornea A., Reddy A.P., Murphy M.P., Szeto H.H., Park B., Reddy P.H. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants protect against amyloid-beta toxicity in Alzheimer's disease neurons. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2010, 20(Suppl 2):S609-S631.
52. Martin L.J. Mitochondriopathy in Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2006, 65(12):1103-1110.
53. Martin L.J. Mitochondrial pathobiology in Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2010, 20(Suppl 2):S335-S356.
54. Martin L.J. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore: a molecular target for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis therapy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2010, 1802(1):186-197.
55. Martin L.J., Gertz B., Pan Y., Price A.C., Molkentin J.D., Chang Q. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore in motor neurons: involvement in the pathobiology of ALS mice. Exp. Neurol. 2009, 218(2):333-346.
56. Matsuda N., Tanaka K. Does impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system or the autophagy-lysosome pathway predispose individuals to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease?. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010, 19(1):1-9.
57. Morais V.A., Verstreken P., Roethig A., Smet J., Snellinx A., Vanbrabant M., Haddad D., Frezza C., Mandemakers W., Vogt-Weisenhorn D., Van Coster R., Wurst W., Scorrano L., De Strooper B. Parkinson's disease mutations in PINK1 result in decreased Complex I activity and deficient synaptic function. EMBO Mol. Med. 2009, 1(2):99-111.
58. Oliveira J.M. Nature and cause of mitochondrial dysfunction in Huntington's disease: focusing on huntingtin and the striatum. J. Neurochem. 2010, 114(1):1-12.
59. Otsuga D., Keegan B.R., Brisch E., Thatcher J.W., Hermann G.J., Bleazard W., Shaw J.M. The dynamin-related GTPase, Dnm1p, controls mitochondrial morphology in yeast. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 143(2):333-349.
60. Pandey M., Varghese M., Sindhu K.M., Sreetama S., Navneet A.K., Mohanakumar K.P., Usha R. Mitochondrial NAD+-linked State 3 respiration and complex-I activity are compromised in the cerebral cortex of 3-nitropropionic acid-induced rat model of Huntington's disease. J. Neurochem. 2008, 104:420-434.
61. Panov A.V., Gutekunst C.A., Leavitt B.R., Hayden M.R., Burke J.R., Strittmatter W.J., Greenamyre J.T. Early mitochondrial calcium defects in Huntington's disease are a direct effect of polyglutamines. Nat Neurosci 2002, 5:731-736.
62. Panov A.V., Lund S., Greenamyre J.T. Ca2+-induced permeability transition in human lymphoblastoid cell mitochondria from normal and Huntington's disease individuals. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2005, 269:143-152.
63. Park Y.Y., Lee S., Karbowski M., Neutzner A., Youle R.J., Cho H. Loss of MARCH5 mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase induces cellular senescence through dynamin-related protein 1 and mitofusin 1. J. Cell Sci. 2010, 123(Pt 4):619-626.
64. Pitts K.R., Yoon Y., Krueger E.W., McNiven M.A. The dynamin-like protein DLP1 is essential for normal distribution and morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in mammalian cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 1999, 10(12):4403-4417.
65. Poole A.C., Thomas R.E., Andrews L.A., McBride H.M., Whitworth A.J., Pallanck L.J. The PINK1/Parkin pathway regulates mitochondrial morphology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105(5):1638-1643.
66. Quintanilla R.A., Johnson G.V. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. Brain Res. Bull. 2009, 80(4-5):242-247.
67. Raimondi A., Mangolini A., Rizzardini M., Tartari S., Massari S., Bendotti C., Francolini M., Borgese N., Cantoni L., Pietrini G. Cell culture models to investigate the selective vulnerability of motoneuronal mitochondria to familial ALS-linked G93ASOD1. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 24(2):387-399.
68. Reddy P.H. Amyloid precursor protein-mediated free radicals and oxidative damage: implications for the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurochem. 2006, 96(1):1-13.
69. Reddy P.H. Mitochondrial oxidative damage in aging and Alzheimer's disease: implications for mitochondrially targeted antioxidant therapeutics. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2006, 2006(3):31372.
70. Reddy P.H. Mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and Alzheimer's disease: strategies to protect neurons. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 2007, 9(10):1647-1658.
71. Reddy P.H. Mitochondrial medicine for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Neuromolecular Med. 2008, 10(4):291-315.
72. Reddy P.H. Amyloid beta, mitochondrial structural and functional dynamics in Alzheimer's disease. Exp. Neurol. 2009, 218(2):286-292.
73. Reddy P.H., Beal M.F. Are mitochondria critical in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease?. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 2005, 49(3):618-632.
74. Reddy P.H., Beal M.F. Amyloid beta, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage: implications for cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Trends Mol. Med. 2008, 14(2):45-53.
75. Reddy, P.H., Reddy, T.P., (in press). Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Curr. Alz. Res.
76. Reddy P.H., McWeeney S., Park B.S., Manczak M., Gutala R.V., Partovi D., Jung Y., Yau V., Searles R., Mori M., Quinn J. Gene expression profiles of transcripts in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice: up-regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and apoptotic genes is an early cellular change in Alzheimer's disease. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2004, 13(12):1225-1240.
77. Reddy P.H., Mao P., Manczak M. Mitochondrial structural and functional dynamics in Huntington's disease. Brain Res. Rev. 2009, 61(1):33-48.
78. Sandebring A., Thomas K.J., Beilina A., van der Brug M., Cleland M.M., Ahmad R., Miller D.W., Zambrano I., Cowburn R.F., Behbahani H., Cedazo-Mínguez A., Cookson M.R. Mitochondrial alterations in PINK1 deficient cells are influenced by calcineurin-dependent dephosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1. PLoS ONE 2009, 4(5):e5701.
79. Sesaki H., Jensen R.E. Division versus fusion: Dnm1p and Fzo1p antagonistically regulate mitochondrial shape. J. Cell Biol. 1999, 147(4):699-706.
80. Sheridan C., Delivani P., Cullen S.P., Martin S.J. Bax- or Bak-induced mitochondrial fission can be uncoupled from cytochrome C release. Mol. Cell 2008, 31(4):570-585.
81. Shin H.W., Shinotsuka C., Torii S., Murakami K., Nakayama K. Identification and subcellular localization of a novel mammalian dynamin-related protein homologous to yeast Vps1p and Dnm1p. J. Biochem. 1997, 122(3):525-530.
82. Smirnova E., Shurland D.L., Ryazantsev S.N., van der Bliek A.M. A human dynamin-related protein controls the distribution of mitochondria. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 143(2):351-358.
83. Smirnova E., Griparic L., Shurland D.L., van der Bliek A.M. Dynamin-related protein Drp1 is required for mitochondrial division in mammalian cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 2001, 12(8):2245-2256.
84. Starkov A.A., Beal F.M. Portal to Alzheimer's disease. Nat. Med. 2008, 14(10):1020-1021.
85. Su B., Wang X., Zheng L., Perry G., Smith M.A., Zhu X. Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2010, 1802(1):135-142.
86. Szeto H.H. Mitochondria-targeted peptide antioxidants: novel neuroprotective agents. AAPS J. 2006, 8(3):E521-E531.
87. Szeto H.H. Cell-permeable, mitochondrial-targeted, peptide antioxidants. AAPS J. 2006, 8(2):E277-E283.
88. Trushina E., Dyer R.B., Badger J.D., Ure D., Eide L., Tran D.D., Vrieze B.T., Legendre-Guillemin V., McPherson P.S., Mandavilli B.S., Van Houten B., Zeitlin S., McNiven M., Aebersold R., Hayden M., Parisi J.E., Seeberg E., Dragatsis I., Doyle K., Bender A., Chacko C., McMurray C.T. Mutant huntingtin impairs axonal trafficking in mammalian neurons in vivo and in vitro. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2004, 24:8195-8209.
89. Uo T., Dworzak J., Kinoshita C., Inman D.M., Kinoshita Y., Horner P.J., Morrison R.S. Drp1 levels constitutively regulate mitochondrial dynamics and cell survival in cortical neurons. Exp. Neurol. 2009, 218(2):274-285.
90. Verstreken P., Ly C.V., Venken K.J., Koh T.W., Zhou Y., Bellen H.J. Synaptic mitochondria are critical for mobilization of reserve pool vesicles at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions. Neuron 2005, 47(3):365-378.
91. Wakabayashi J., Zhang Z., Wakabayashi N., Tamura Y., Fukaya M., Kensler T.W., Iijima M., Sesaki H. The dynamin-related GTPase Drp1 is required for embryonic and brain development in mice. J. Cell Biol. 2009, 186(6):805-816.
92. Wang X., Su B., Siedlak S.L., Moreira P.I., Fujioka H., Wang Y., Casadesus G., Zhu X. Amyloid-beta overproduction causes abnormal mitochondrial dynamics via differential modulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105(49):19318-19323.
93. Wang H., Lim P.J., Karbowski M., Monteiro M.J. Effects of overexpression of huntingtin proteins on mitochondrial integrity. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2009, 18:737-752.
94. Wang X., Su B., Lee H.G., Li X., Perry G., Smith M.A., Zhu X. Impaired balance of mitochondrial fission and fusion in Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29(28):9090-9103.
95. Wang X., Perry G., Smith M.A., Zhu X. Amyloid-beta-derived diffusible ligands cause impaired axonal transport of mitochondria in neurons. Neurodegener. Dis. 2010, 7(1-3):56-59.
96. Wasiak S., Zunino R., McBride H.M. Bax/Bak promote sumoylation of DRP1 and its stable association with mitochondria during apoptotic cell death. J. Cell Biol. 2007, 177(3):439-450.
97. Wu S., Zhou F., Zhang Z., Xing D. Bax is essential for Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission but not for mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization caused by photodynamic therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 2010, 226:530-541.
98. Yoon Y., Pitts K.R., Dahan S., McNiven M.A. A novel dynamin-like protein associates with cytoplasmic vesicles and tubules of the endoplasmic reticulum in mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 1998, 140(4):779-793.
99. Zhu S., Stavrovskaya I.G., Drozda M., Kim B.Y., Ona V., Li M., Sarang S., Liu A.S., Hartley D.M., Wu D.C., Gullans S., Ferrante R.J., Przedborski S., Kristal B.S., Friedlander R.M. Minocycline inhibits cytochrome c release and delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in mice. Nature 2002, 417(6884):74-78.
100. Züchner S., De Jonghe P., Jordanova A., Claeys K.G., Guergueltcheva V., Cherninkova S., Hamilton S.R., Van Stavern G., Krajewski K.M., Stajich J., Tournev I., Verhoeven K., Langerhorst C.T., de Visser M., Baas F., Bird T., Timmerman V., Shy M., Vance J.M. Axonal neuropathy with optic atrophy is caused by mutations in mitofusin 2. Ann. Neurol. 2006, 59(2):276-281.
101. Zunino R., Schauss A., Rippstein P., Andrade-Navarro M., McBride H.M. The SUMO protease SENP5 is required to maintain mitochondrial morphology and function. J. Cell Sci. 2007, 120(Pt 7):1178-1188.
102. Zunino R., Braschi E., Xu L., McBride H.M. Translocation of SenP5 from the nucleoli to the mitochondria modulates DRP1-dependent fission during mitosis. J. Biol. Chem. 2009, 284(26):17783-17795.