메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 637-644

The multiplicity of action of cannabinoids: Implications for treating neurodegeneration

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Cannabinoid; Cerebral ischemia; Multiple sclerosis; Neurodegeneration; Parkinson's disease

Indexed keywords

2 ARACHIDONOYLGLYCEROL; 2,3 DIHYDRO 5 METHYL 3 (MORPHOLINOMETHYL) 6 (1 NAPHTHOYL)PYRROLO[1,2,3 DE][1,4]BENZOXAZINE; 4 (1,1 DIMETHYLHEPTYL) 1',2',3',4',5',6' HEXAHYDRO 2,3' DIHYDROXY 6' (3 HYDROXYPROPYL)BIPHENYL; ANANDAMIDE; BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CANNABIDIOL; CANNABINOID; CANNABINOID 1 RECEPTOR; CANNABINOID 2 RECEPTOR; CANNABIS; DELTA8 TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; DEXANABINOL; DRONABINOL; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; LIGAND; N (3 FURYLMETHYL)ARACHIDONAMIDE; RIMONABANT;

EID: 79952536002     PISSN: 17555930     EISSN: 17555949     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00195.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (96)

References (134)
  • 1
    • 0001210566 scopus 로고
    • On the preparation of the Indian hemp, or Gunjah (Cannabis Indica) and their effects on the animal system in health and their utility in the treatment of tetanus and other convulsive disorders
    • O'Shaugnessey WB. On the preparation of the Indian hemp, or Gunjah (Cannabis Indica) and their effects on the animal system in health and their utility in the treatment of tetanus and other convulsive disorders. Trans Med Phys Soc Calcutta 1842;8:421-461.
    • (1842) Trans Med Phys Soc Calcutta , vol.8 , pp. 421-461
    • O'Shaugnessey, W.B.1
  • 2
    • 0001123407 scopus 로고
    • A total synthesis of Dl-Delta-1-tetrahydrocannabinol, the active constituent of hashish
    • Mechoulam R, Gaoni Y. A total synthesis of Dl-Delta-1-tetrahydrocannabinol, the active constituent of hashish. J Am Chem Soc 1965;87:3273-3275.
    • (1965) J Am Chem Soc , vol.87 , pp. 3273-3275
    • Mechoulam, R.1    Gaoni, Y.2
  • 4
    • 56949096667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid-mediated enhancement of fear-conditioned analgesia in rats: Opioid receptor dependency and molecular correlates
    • Butler RK, Rea K, Lang Y, Gavin AM, Finn DP. Endocannabinoid-mediated enhancement of fear-conditioned analgesia in rats: Opioid receptor dependency and molecular correlates. Pain 2008;140:491-500.
    • (2008) Pain , vol.140 , pp. 491-500
    • Butler, R.K.1    Rea, K.2    Lang, Y.3    Gavin, A.M.4    Finn, D.P.5
  • 5
    • 53149149119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid system in food intake and metabolic regulation
    • Jesudason D, Wittert G. Endocannabinoid system in food intake and metabolic regulation. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008;19:344-348.
    • (2008) Curr Opin Lipidol , vol.19 , pp. 344-348
    • Jesudason, D.1    Wittert, G.2
  • 7
    • 68349152770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid levels precede motor symptom onset in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease
    • Dowie MJ, Bradshaw HB, Howard ML, Nicholson LF, Faull RL, Hannan AJ, Glass M. Altered CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid levels precede motor symptom onset in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease. Neuroscience 2009;163:456-465.
    • (2009) Neuroscience , vol.163 , pp. 456-465
    • Dowie, M.J.1    Bradshaw, H.B.2    Howard, M.L.3    Nicholson, L.F.4    Faull, R.L.5    Hannan, A.J.6    Glass, M.7
  • 9
    • 67651173255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoid signaling and long-term synaptic plasticity
    • Heifets BD, Castillo PE. Endocannabinoid signaling and long-term synaptic plasticity. Ann Rev Physiol 2009;71:283-306.
    • (2009) Ann Rev Physiol , vol.71 , pp. 283-306
    • Heifets, B.D.1    Castillo, P.E.2
  • 11
    • 65549122582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and related analogs in inflammation
    • Burstein SH, Zurier RB. Cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and related analogs in inflammation. AAPS J 2009;11:109-119.
    • (2009) AAPS J , vol.11 , pp. 109-119
    • Burstein, S.H.1    Zurier, R.B.2
  • 12
    • 35648944275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Taking the edge off with cannabinoids?
    • Campbell VA, Gowran A. Alzheimer's disease: Taking the edge off with cannabinoids? Br J Pharmacol 2007;152:655-662.
    • (2007) Br J Pharmacol , vol.152 , pp. 655-662
    • Campbell, V.A.1    Gowran, A.2
  • 14
    • 0142184968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurons on cannabinoids: Dead or alive?
    • Guzman M. Neurons on cannabinoids: Dead or alive? Br J Pharmacol 2003;140:439-440.
    • (2003) Br J Pharmacol , vol.140 , pp. 439-440
    • Guzman, M.1
  • 15
    • 72849123520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the roles of cannabinoids in pain and other therapeutic indications: A review
    • Turcott D, Le Dorze J-A, Esfahani F, Frost E, Gomori A, Namaka M. Examining the roles of cannabinoids in pain and other therapeutic indications: A review. Exp Opinion 2010;11:17-31.
    • (2010) Exp Opinion , vol.11 , pp. 17-31
    • Turcott, D.1    Le Dorze, J.-A.2    Esfahani, F.3    Frost, E.4    Gomori, A.5    Namaka, M.6
  • 16
    • 4344582253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients
    • Wade DT, Makela P, Robson P, House H, Bateman C. Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. Mult Scler 2004;10:434-441.
    • (2004) Mult Scler , vol.10 , pp. 434-441
    • Wade, D.T.1    Makela, P.2    Robson, P.3    House, H.4    Bateman, C.5
  • 17
    • 33745929641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblasoma multiforme
    • 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients with recurrent glioblasoma multiforme. Br J Cancer 2006;95:197-203.
    • (2006) Br J Cancer , vol.95 , pp. 197-203
    • Guzman, M.1    Duarte, M.J.2    Blazquez, C.3
  • 18
    • 0025954862 scopus 로고
    • Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: A quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study
    • Herkenham M, Lynn AB, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, de Costa BR, Rice KC. Characterization and localization of cannabinoid receptors in rat brain: A quantitative in vitro autoradiographic study. J Neurosci 1991;11:563-583.
    • (1991) J Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 563-583
    • Herkenham, M.1    Lynn, A.B.2    Johnson, M.R.3    Melvin, L.S.4    de Costa, B.R.5    Rice, K.C.6
  • 19
    • 26844504226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors
    • Van Sickle MD, Duncan M, Kingsley PJ, et al. Identification and functional characterization of brainstem cannabinoid CB2 receptors. Science 2005;310:329-332.
    • (2005) Science , vol.310 , pp. 329-332
    • Van Sickle, M.D.1    Duncan, M.2    Kingsley, P.J.3
  • 20
    • 37849049077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial expression of cannabinoid CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are beta amyloid-linked events in Down's syndrome
    • Nunez E, Benito C, Tolon RM, Hillard CJ, Griffin WS, Romero J. Glial expression of cannabinoid CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are beta amyloid-linked events in Down's syndrome. Neuroscience 2008;151:104-110.
    • (2008) Neuroscience , vol.151 , pp. 104-110
    • Nunez, E.1    Benito, C.2    Tolon, R.M.3    Hillard, C.J.4    Griffin, W.S.5    Romero, J.6
  • 22
    • 35748973885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel cannabinoid receptors
    • Brown AJ. Novel cannabinoid receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2007;152:567-575.
    • (2007) Br J Pharmacol , vol.152 , pp. 567-575
    • Brown, A.J.1
  • 23
    • 77952950690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of GPR55, a putative cannabinoid receptor
    • Sharir H, Abood ME. Pharmacological characterization of GPR55, a putative cannabinoid receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2010;126:301-313.
    • (2010) Pharmacol Ther , vol.126 , pp. 301-313
    • Sharir, H.1    Abood, M.E.2
  • 24
    • 78649689791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPR55, a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor with cannabinoid sensitivity?
    • Nevalainen T, Irving AJ. GPR55, a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor with cannabinoid sensitivity? Curr Top Med Chem 2010;10:799-813.
    • (2010) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.10 , pp. 799-813
    • Nevalainen, T.1    Irving, A.J.2
  • 25
    • 77952731052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-arachidononyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor
    • McHugh D, Hu SS, Rimmerman N, Juknat A, Vogel Z, Walker JM, Bradshaw HB. N-arachidononyl glycine, an abundant endogenous lipid, potently drives directed cellular migration through GPR18, the putative abnormal cannabidiol receptor. BMC Neurosci 2010;11:44.
    • (2010) BMC Neurosci , vol.11 , pp. 44
    • McHugh, D.1    Hu, S.S.2    Rimmerman, N.3    Juknat, A.4    Vogel, Z.5    Walker, J.M.6    Bradshaw, H.B.7
  • 26
    • 77952885551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dual fatty acid amide hydrolase/TRPV1 blocker, arachidonoyl-serotonin, relieves carrageenan-induced inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice
    • Costa B, Bettoni I, Petrosino S, Comelli F, Giagnoni G, Di Marzo V. The dual fatty acid amide hydrolase/TRPV1 blocker, arachidonoyl-serotonin, relieves carrageenan-induced inflammation and hyperalgesia in mice. Pharmacol Res 2010;61:537-546.
    • (2010) Pharmacol Res , vol.61 , pp. 537-546
    • Costa, B.1    Bettoni, I.2    Petrosino, S.3    Comelli, F.4    Giagnoni, G.5    Di Marzo, V.6
  • 27
    • 67649380339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crucial role for Ser133-phosphorylated form of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein signaling in the differentiation and survival of neural progenitors under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion
    • Miyamoto N, Tanaka R, Zhang N, et al. Crucial role for Ser133-phosphorylated form of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein signaling in the differentiation and survival of neural progenitors under chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neuroscience 2009;162:525-536.
    • (2009) Neuroscience , vol.162 , pp. 525-536
    • Miyamoto, N.1    Tanaka, R.2    Zhang, N.3
  • 28
    • 0033739890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid and kappa opioid receptors reduce potassium K+ current via activation of G(s) proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons
    • Hampson RE, Mu J, Deadwyler SA. Cannabinoid and kappa opioid receptors reduce potassium K+ current via activation of G(s) proteins in cultured hippocampal neurons. J Neurophysiol 2000;84:2356-2364.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.84 , pp. 2356-2364
    • Hampson, R.E.1    Mu, J.2    Deadwyler, S.A.3
  • 29
    • 0027172274 scopus 로고
    • Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibits calcium currents as a partial agonist in N18 neuroblastoma cells
    • Mackie K, Devane WA, Hille B. Anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, inhibits calcium currents as a partial agonist in N18 neuroblastoma cells. Mol Pharmacol 1993;44:498-503.
    • (1993) Mol Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 498-503
    • Mackie, K.1    Devane, W.A.2    Hille, B.3
  • 30
    • 0029071194 scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids modulate voltage sensitive potassium A-current in hippocampal neurons via a cAMP-dependent process
    • Deadwyler SA, Hampson RE, Mu J, Whyte A, Childers S. Cannabinoids modulate voltage sensitive potassium A-current in hippocampal neurons via a cAMP-dependent process. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995;273:734-743.
    • (1995) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.273 , pp. 734-743
    • Deadwyler, S.A.1    Hampson, R.E.2    Mu, J.3    Whyte, A.4    Childers, S.5
  • 31
    • 0038094467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium channel inhibition by anandamide and synthetic cannabimimetics in brain
    • Nicholson RA, Liao C, Zheng J, et al. Sodium channel inhibition by anandamide and synthetic cannabimimetics in brain. Brain Res 2003;978:194-204.
    • (2003) Brain Res , vol.978 , pp. 194-204
    • Nicholson, R.A.1    Liao, C.2    Zheng, J.3
  • 32
    • 52949119940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in cerebral ischemia
    • Hillard CJ. Role of cannabinoids and endocannabinoids in cerebral ischemia. Curr Pharm Des 2008;14:2347-2361.
    • (2008) Curr Pharm Des , vol.14 , pp. 2347-2361
    • Hillard, C.J.1
  • 34
    • 0033588276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for activation of microglia in patients with psychiatric illnesses
    • Bayer TA, Buslei R, Havas L, Falkai P. Evidence for activation of microglia in patients with psychiatric illnesses. Neurosci Lett 1999;271:126-128.
    • (1999) Neurosci Lett , vol.271 , pp. 126-128
    • Bayer, T.A.1    Buslei, R.2    Havas, L.3    Falkai, P.4
  • 35
    • 33847613885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease
    • Heneka MT, O'Banion MK. Inflammatory processes in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroimmunol 2007;184:69-91.
    • (2007) J Neuroimmunol , vol.184 , pp. 69-91
    • Heneka, M.T.1    O'Banion, M.K.2
  • 36
    • 57649221161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease brain and antioxidant therapy: Lights and shadows
    • Pratico D. Evidence of oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease brain and antioxidant therapy: Lights and shadows. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008;1147:70-78.
    • (2008) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.1147 , pp. 70-78
    • Pratico, D.1
  • 37
    • 33645782797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid function in learning, memory and plasticity
    • Riedel G, Davies SN. Cannabinoid function in learning, memory and plasticity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2005;168:445-477.
    • (2005) Handb Exp Pharmacol , vol.168 , pp. 445-477
    • Riedel, G.1    Davies, S.N.2
  • 38
    • 14244264502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology by cannabinoids: Neuroprotection mediated by blockade of microglial activation
    • Ramirez BG, Blazquez C, Gomez del Pulgar T, Guzman M, de Ceballos ML. Prevention of Alzheimer's disease pathology by cannabinoids: Neuroprotection mediated by blockade of microglial activation. J Neurosci 2005;25:1904-1913.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 1904-1913
    • Ramirez, B.G.1    Blazquez, C.2    Gomez del Pulgar, T.3    Guzman, M.4    de Ceballos, M.L.5
  • 39
    • 0027948317 scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid receptor binding and messenger RNA expression in human brain: An in vitro receptor autoradiography and in situ hybridization histochemistry study of normal aged and Alzheimer's brains
    • Westlake TM, Howlett AC, Bonner TI, Matsuda LA, Herkenham M. Cannabinoid receptor binding and messenger RNA expression in human brain: An in vitro receptor autoradiography and in situ hybridization histochemistry study of normal aged and Alzheimer's brains. Neuroscience 1994;63:637-652.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.63 , pp. 637-652
    • Westlake, T.M.1    Howlett, A.C.2    Bonner, T.I.3    Matsuda, L.A.4    Herkenham, M.5
  • 40
    • 0348010292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are selectively overexpressed in neuritic plaque-associated glia in Alzheimer's disease brains
    • Benito C, Nunez E, Tolon RM, Carrier EJ, Rabano A, Hillard CJ, Romero J. Cannabinoid CB2 receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase are selectively overexpressed in neuritic plaque-associated glia in Alzheimer's disease brains. J Neurosci 2003;23:11136-11141.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 11136-11141
    • Benito, C.1    Nunez, E.2    Tolon, R.M.3    Carrier, E.J.4    Rabano, A.5    Hillard, C.J.6    Romero, J.7
  • 41
    • 33745327044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids and beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in vivo: Effect of pharmacological elevation of endocannabinoid levels
    • Van Der Stelt M, Mazzola C, Esposito G, et al. Endocannabinoids and beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in vivo: Effect of pharmacological elevation of endocannabinoid levels. Cell Mol Life Sci 2006;63:1410-1424.
    • (2006) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.63 , pp. 1410-1424
    • Van Der Stelt, M.1    Mazzola, C.2    Esposito, G.3
  • 42
    • 0027329873 scopus 로고
    • 2+ influx through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ion channel by the non-psychoactive cannabinoid HU-211
    • 2+ influx through the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor ion channel by the non-psychoactive cannabinoid HU-211. Brain Res 1993;622:79-85.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.622 , pp. 79-85
    • Nadler, V.1    Mechoulam, R.2    Sokolovsky, M.3
  • 43
    • 0027788085 scopus 로고
    • HU-211, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, rescues cortical neurones from excitatory amino acid toxicity in culture
    • Eshhar N, Striem S, Biegon A. HU-211, a non-psychotropic cannabinoid, rescues cortical neurones from excitatory amino acid toxicity in culture. Neuroreport 1993;5:237-240.
    • (1993) Neuroreport , vol.5 , pp. 237-240
    • Eshhar, N.1    Striem, S.2    Biegon, A.3
  • 44
    • 0141865717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity
    • Marsicano G, Goodenough S, Monory K, et al. CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity. Science 2003;302:84-88.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 84-88
    • Marsicano, G.1    Goodenough, S.2    Monory, K.3
  • 45
    • 0026603679 scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids inhibit N-type calcium channels in neuroblastoma-glioma cells
    • Mackie K, Hille B. Cannabinoids inhibit N-type calcium channels in neuroblastoma-glioma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:3825-3829.
    • (1992) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.89 , pp. 3825-3829
    • Mackie, K.1    Hille, B.2
  • 46
    • 0030746408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids inhibit N- and P/Q-type calcium channels in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
    • Twitchell W, Brown S, Mackie K. Cannabinoids inhibit N- and P/Q-type calcium channels in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. J Neurophysiol 1997;78:43-50.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.78 , pp. 43-50
    • Twitchell, W.1    Brown, S.2    Mackie, K.3
  • 49
    • 1842633560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cannabinoid receptor-dependent protection against excitotoxicity
    • Khaspekov LG, Brenz Verca MS, Frumkina LE, Hermann H, Marsicano G, Lutz B. Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in cannabinoid receptor-dependent protection against excitotoxicity. Eur J Neurosci 2004;19:1691-1698.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 1691-1698
    • Khaspekov, L.G.1    Brenz Verca, M.S.2    Frumkina, L.E.3    Hermann, H.4    Marsicano, G.5    Lutz, B.6
  • 50
    • 14844310369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased neurogenesis and the ectopic granule cells after intrahippocampal BDNF infusion in adult rats
    • Scharfman H, Goodman J, Macleod A, Phani S, Antonelli C, Croll S. Increased neurogenesis and the ectopic granule cells after intrahippocampal BDNF infusion in adult rats. Exp Neurol 2005;192:348-356.
    • (2005) Exp Neurol , vol.192 , pp. 348-356
    • Scharfman, H.1    Goodman, J.2    Macleod, A.3    Phani, S.4    Antonelli, C.5    Croll, S.6
  • 51
    • 67651171367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor depends on amyloid aggregation state in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
    • Peng S, Garzon DJ, Marchese M, et al. Decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor depends on amyloid aggregation state in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 2009;29:9321-9329.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 9321-9329
    • Peng, S.1    Garzon, D.J.2    Marchese, M.3
  • 52
    • 19344373708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased levels of BDNF protein in Alzheimer temporal cortex are independent of BDNF polymorphisms
    • Lee J, Fukumoto H, Orne J, et al. Decreased levels of BDNF protein in Alzheimer temporal cortex are independent of BDNF polymorphisms. Exp Neurol 2005;194:91-96.
    • (2005) Exp Neurol , vol.194 , pp. 91-96
    • Lee, J.1    Fukumoto, H.2    Orne, J.3
  • 53
    • 0034612175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease
    • Akiyama H, Barger S, Barnum S, et al. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2000;21:383-421.
    • (2000) Neurobiol Aging , vol.21 , pp. 383-421
    • Akiyama, H.1    Barger, S.2    Barnum, S.3
  • 54
    • 0029021217 scopus 로고
    • Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk for Alzheimer's disease? The Rotterdam Study
    • Andersen K, Launer LJ, Ott A, Hoes AW, Breteler MM, Hofman A. Do nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk for Alzheimer's disease? The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 1995;45:1441-1445.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1441-1445
    • Andersen, K.1    Launer, L.J.2    Ott, A.3    Hoes, A.W.4    Breteler, M.M.5    Hofman, A.6
  • 56
    • 0041842648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mediates anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of cannabinoids in neurons and glia
    • Molina-Holgado F, Pinteaux E, Moore JD, Molina-Holgado E, Guaza C, Ribson RM, Rothwell NJ. Endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mediates anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of cannabinoids in neurons and glia. J Neurosci 2003;23:6470-6474.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 6470-6474
    • Molina-Holgado, F.1    Pinteaux, E.2    Moore, J.D.3    Molina-Holgado, E.4    Guaza, C.5    Ribson, R.M.6    Rothwell, N.J.7
  • 59
    • 34547878297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabidiol in vivo blunts beta-amyloid induced neuroinflammation by suppressing IL-1ß and iNOS expression
    • Esposito G, Scuderi C, Savani C, et al. Cannabidiol in vivo blunts beta-amyloid induced neuroinflammation by suppressing IL-1ß and iNOS expression. Br J Pharmacol 2007;151:1272-1279.
    • (2007) Br J Pharmacol , vol.151 , pp. 1272-1279
    • Esposito, G.1    Scuderi, C.2    Savani, C.3
  • 60
    • 1842510018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive component from Cannabis sativa, on ß-amyloid-induced toxicity in PC12 cells
    • Iuvone T, Esposito G, Esposito R, Santamaria R, Di Rosa M, Izzo AA. Neuroprotective effect of cannabidiol, a non-psychoactive component from Cannabis sativa, on ß-amyloid-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. J Neurochem 2004;89:134-141.
    • (2004) J Neurochem , vol.89 , pp. 134-141
    • Iuvone, T.1    Esposito, G.2    Esposito, R.3    Santamaria, R.4    Di Rosa, M.5    Izzo, A.A.6
  • 61
    • 33344456093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The marijuana component, cannabidiol, inhibits ß-amyloid-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation through Wnt/ß-catenin pathway rescue in PC12 cells
    • Esposito G, De Filippis D, Carnuccio R, Izzo AG, Iuvone T. The marijuana component, cannabidiol, inhibits ß-amyloid-induced tau protein hyperphosphorylation through Wnt/ß-catenin pathway rescue in PC12 cells. J Mol Med 2006;84:253-258.
    • (2006) J Mol Med , vol.84 , pp. 253-258
    • Esposito, G.1    De Filippis, D.2    Carnuccio, R.3    Izzo, A.G.4    Iuvone, T.5
  • 62
    • 0030886734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dronabinol on anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Volicer L, Stelly M, Morris J, McLaughlin J, Volicer BJ. Effects of dronabinol on anorexia and disturbed behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1997;12:913-919.
    • (1997) Int J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.12 , pp. 913-919
    • Volicer, L.1    Stelly, M.2    Morris, J.3    McLaughlin, J.4    Volicer, B.J.5
  • 65
    • 0038330645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune-mediated oligodendrocyte injury in multiple sclerosis: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions
    • Buntinx M, Stinissen P, Steels P, Ameloot M, Raus J. Immune-mediated oligodendrocyte injury in multiple sclerosis: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Crit Rev Immunol 2002;22:391-424.
    • (2002) Crit Rev Immunol , vol.22 , pp. 391-424
    • Buntinx, M.1    Stinissen, P.2    Steels, P.3    Ameloot, M.4    Raus, J.5
  • 66
    • 34548297818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered glutamate reuptake in relapsing-remitting secondary progressive multiple sclerosis cortex: Correleation with microglia infiltration, demyelination and neuronal and synaptic damage
    • Vercellino M, Merola A, Piacentino C, et al. Altered glutamate reuptake in relapsing-remitting secondary progressive multiple sclerosis cortex: Correleation with microglia infiltration, demyelination and neuronal and synaptic damage. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2007;66:732-739.
    • (2007) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.66 , pp. 732-739
    • Vercellino, M.1    Merola, A.2    Piacentino, C.3
  • 67
    • 33947583201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excitotoxicity in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis: Neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids through CB1 and CB2 receptor activation
    • Docagne F, Muneton V, Clemente D, et al. Excitotoxicity in a chronic model of multiple sclerosis: Neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids through CB1 and CB2 receptor activation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2007;34:551-561.
    • (2007) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 551-561
    • Docagne, F.1    Muneton, V.2    Clemente, D.3
  • 68
    • 72549092256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whole plant cannabis extracts in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review
    • Lakhan SE, Rowland M. Whole plant cannabis extracts in the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. BMC Neurol 2009;9:59.
    • (2009) BMC Neurol , vol.9 , pp. 59
    • Lakhan, S.E.1    Rowland, M.2
  • 69
    • 36849070991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: An uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial
    • 9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: An uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year extension trial. Clin Ther 2007;29:2068-2079.
    • (2007) Clin Ther , vol.29 , pp. 2068-2079
    • Rog, D.J.1    Nurmikko, T.J.2    Young, C.A.3
  • 70
    • 0242654882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Zajicek J, Fox P, Sanders H, Wright DE, Vickery PJ, Nunn AJ, Thompson AJ. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): Multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362:1517-1526.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1517-1526
    • Zajicek, J.1    Fox, P.2    Sanders, H.3    Wright, D.E.4    Vickery, P.J.5    Nunn, A.J.6    Thompson, A.J.7
  • 71
    • 33846662156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of cannabis based treatments for neuropathic and multiple sclerosis-related pain
    • Iskedjian M, Bereza B, Gordon A, Piwko C, Einarson TR. Meta-analysis of cannabis based treatments for neuropathic and multiple sclerosis-related pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2007;23:17-24.
    • (2007) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.23 , pp. 17-24
    • Iskedjian, M.1    Bereza, B.2    Gordon, A.3    Piwko, C.4    Einarson, T.R.5
  • 72
    • 35648993556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supraspinal modulation of pain by cannabinoids: The role of GABA and glutamate
    • Rea K, Roche M, Finn DP. Supraspinal modulation of pain by cannabinoids: The role of GABA and glutamate. Br J Pharmacol 2007;152:633-648.
    • (2007) Br J Pharmacol , vol.152 , pp. 633-648
    • Rea, K.1    Roche, M.2    Finn, D.P.3
  • 73
    • 33846804524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune tolerance and control of CNS autoimmunity: From animal models to MS patients
    • Cassan C, Liblau RS. Immune tolerance and control of CNS autoimmunity: From animal models to MS patients. J Neurochem 2007;100:883-892.
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.100 , pp. 883-892
    • Cassan, C.1    Liblau, R.S.2
  • 74
    • 24744470740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental models of relapsin-remitting multiple sclerosis: Current concepts and perspective
    • Skunric DS. Experimental models of relapsin-remitting multiple sclerosis: Current concepts and perspective. Curr Neurovasc Res 2005;2:349-362.
    • (2005) Curr Neurovasc Res , vol.2 , pp. 349-362
    • Skunric, D.S.1
  • 76
    • 34848897836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Centonze D, Bari M, Rossi S, et al. The endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in multiple sclerosis and in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Brain 2007;130:2543-2553.
    • (2007) Brain , vol.130 , pp. 2543-2553
    • Centonze, D.1    Bari, M.2    Rossi, S.3
  • 77
    • 0029094470 scopus 로고
    • Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations
    • Galiegue S, Mary S, Merchand J, et al. Expression of central and peripheral cannabinoid receptors in human immune tissues and leukocyte subpopulations. Eur J Biochem 1995;232:54-61.
    • (1995) Eur J Biochem , vol.232 , pp. 54-61
    • Galiegue, S.1    Mary, S.2    Merchand, J.3
  • 78
    • 0033992335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dexanabinol (HU-211) effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Implications for the treatment of acute relapses of multiple sclerosis
    • Achiron A, Miron S, Lavie V, Margalit R, Biegon A. Dexanabinol (HU-211) effect on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Implications for the treatment of acute relapses of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2000;102:26-31.
    • (2000) J Neuroimmunol , vol.102 , pp. 26-31
    • Achiron, A.1    Miron, S.2    Lavie, V.3    Margalit, R.4    Biegon, A.5
  • 79
    • 0037397037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R+WIN55,212
    • Croxford JL, Miller SD. Immunoregulation of a viral model of multiple sclerosis using the synthetic cannabinoid R+WIN55, 212. J Clin Invest 2003;111:1231-1240.
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.111 , pp. 1231-1240
    • Croxford, J.L.1    Miller, S.D.2
  • 80
    • 34147165471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct suppression of CNS autoimmune inflammation via the cannabinoid receptor CB1 on neurons and CB2 on autoreactive T cells
    • Maresz K, Pryce G, Ponmarev ED, et al. Direct suppression of CNS autoimmune inflammation via the cannabinoid receptor CB1 on neurons and CB2 on autoreactive T cells. Nat Med 2007;13:492-497.
    • (2007) Nat Med , vol.13 , pp. 492-497
    • Maresz, K.1    Pryce, G.2    Ponmarev, E.D.3
  • 81
    • 33645224970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • COX-2, CB2 and P2X7- immunoreactivities are increased in activated microglial cells/macrophages of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord
    • Yiangou Y, Facer P, Durrenberger P. COX-2, CB2 and P2X7- immunoreactivities are increased in activated microglial cells/macrophages of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord. BMC Neurol 2006;6:12.
    • (2006) BMC Neurol , vol.6 , pp. 12
    • Yiangou, Y.1    Facer, P.2    Durrenberger, P.3
  • 82
    • 0242304878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids inhibit neurodegeneration in models of multiple sclerosis
    • Pryce G, Ahmed Z, Hankey DJ, et al. Cannabinoids inhibit neurodegeneration in models of multiple sclerosis. Brain 2003;126:2191-2202.
    • (2003) Brain , vol.126 , pp. 2191-2202
    • Pryce, G.1    Ahmed, Z.2    Hankey, D.J.3
  • 83
    • 0036488182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids against oxidative stress: Role of the cannabinoid receptor CB1
    • Marsican G, Moosmann B, Herman H, Lutz B, Behl C. Neuroprotective properties of cannabinoids against oxidative stress: Role of the cannabinoid receptor CB1. J Neurochem 2002;80:448-456.
    • (2002) J Neurochem , vol.80 , pp. 448-456
    • Marsican, G.1    Moosmann, B.2    Herman, H.3    Lutz, B.4    Behl, C.5
  • 84
    • 37749034365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection, not immunosuppression, may be more relevant to multiple sclerosis
    • Croxford JL, Pryce G, Jackson SJ, et al. Cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection, not immunosuppression, may be more relevant to multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2008;193:120-129.
    • (2008) J Neuroimmunol , vol.193 , pp. 120-129
    • Croxford, J.L.1    Pryce, G.2    Jackson, S.J.3
  • 85
    • 0033958462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis
    • Pitt D, Werner P, Raine CS. Glutamate excitotoxicity in a model of multiple sclerosis. Nat Med 2000;6:67-70.
    • (2000) Nat Med , vol.6 , pp. 67-70
    • Pitt, D.1    Werner, P.2    Raine, C.S.3
  • 86
    • 1842483228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise and fall of NMDA antagonists for ischemic stroke
    • Hoyte L, Barber PA, Buchan AM, Hill MD. The rise and fall of NMDA antagonists for ischemic stroke. Curr Mol Med 2004;4:131-136.
    • (2004) Curr Mol Med , vol.4 , pp. 131-136
    • Hoyte, L.1    Barber, P.A.2    Buchan, A.M.3    Hill, M.D.4
  • 87
    • 70449518017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An endocannabinoid tone limits excitotoxicity in vitro and in a model of multiple sclerosis
    • Loria F, Petrosino S, Hernangómez M, et al. An endocannabinoid tone limits excitotoxicity in vitro and in a model of multiple sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2010;37:166-176.
    • (2010) Neurobiol Dis , vol.37 , pp. 166-176
    • Loria, F.1    Petrosino, S.2    Hernangómez, M.3
  • 88
    • 0036156353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids and brain injury: Therapeutic implications
    • Mechoulam R, Panikashvili D, Shohami E. Cannabinoids and brain injury: Therapeutic implications. Trends Mol Med 2002;8:58-61.
    • (2002) Trends Mol Med , vol.8 , pp. 58-61
    • Mechoulam, R.1    Panikashvili, D.2    Shohami, E.3
  • 89
    • 0034801539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anandamide, but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol, accumulates during in vivo neurodegeneration
    • Hansen HH, Schmid PC, Bittigau P, et al. Anandamide, but not 2-arachidonoylglycerol, accumulates during in vivo neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2001;78:1415-1427.
    • (2001) J Neurochem , vol.78 , pp. 1415-1427
    • Hansen, H.H.1    Schmid, P.C.2    Bittigau, P.3
  • 91
    • 0029931475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The N-acylation-phosphodiesterase pathway and cell signalling
    • Schmid HH, Schmid PC, Natarajan V. The N-acylation-phosphodiesterase pathway and cell signalling. Chem Phys Lipids 1996;80:133-142.
    • (1996) Chem Phys Lipids , vol.80 , pp. 133-142
    • Schmid, H.H.1    Schmid, P.C.2    Natarajan, V.3
  • 92
    • 1442348425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive accumulation of N-acylethanolamines after stroke. Cell signalling in acute cerebral ischemia?
    • Berger C, Schmid PC, Schabitz WR, Wolf M, Schwab S, Schmid HH. Massive accumulation of N-acylethanolamines after stroke. Cell signalling in acute cerebral ischemia? J Neurochem 2004;88:1159-1167.
    • (2004) J Neurochem , vol.88 , pp. 1159-1167
    • Berger, C.1    Schmid, P.C.2    Schabitz, W.R.3    Wolf, M.4    Schwab, S.5    Schmid, H.H.6
  • 93
    • 34548138952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the endocannabinoid system by focal brain ischemia in the rat is involved in neuroprotection afforded by 17beta-estradiol
    • Amantea D, Spagnuolo P, Bari M, et al. Modulation of the endocannabinoid system by focal brain ischemia in the rat is involved in neuroprotection afforded by 17beta-estradiol. FEBS J 2007;274:4464-4775.
    • (2007) FEBS J , vol.274 , pp. 4464-4775
    • Amantea, D.1    Spagnuolo, P.2    Bari, M.3
  • 94
    • 0042320663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmitoylethanolamide increases after focal cerebral ischemia and potentiates microglial cell motility
    • Franklin A, Parmentier-Batteur S, Walter L, Greenberg DA, Stella N. Palmitoylethanolamide increases after focal cerebral ischemia and potentiates microglial cell motility. J Neurosci 2003;23:7767-7775.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 7767-7775
    • Franklin, A.1    Parmentier-Batteur, S.2    Walter, L.3    Greenberg, D.A.4    Stella, N.5
  • 96
    • 0034685625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, in picrotoxin-administered rat brain
    • Sugiura T, Yoshinaga N, Kondo S, Waku K, Ishima Y. Generation of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, in picrotoxin-administered rat brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;271:654-658.
    • (2000) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.271 , pp. 654-658
    • Sugiura, T.1    Yoshinaga, N.2    Kondo, S.3    Waku, K.4    Ishima, Y.5
  • 97
    • 8444250235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anandamide content is increased and CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade is protective during transient, focal cerebral ischemia
    • Muthian S, Rademacher DJ, Roelke CT, Gross GJ, Hillard CJ. Anandamide content is increased and CB1 cannabinoid receptor blockade is protective during transient, focal cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 2004;129:743-750.
    • (2004) Neuroscience , vol.129 , pp. 743-750
    • Muthian, S.1    Rademacher, D.J.2    Roelke, C.T.3    Gross, G.J.4    Hillard, C.J.5
  • 98
    • 0033863179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CB1 cannabinoid receptor induction in experimental stroke
    • Jin KL, Mao XO, Goldsmith PC, Greenberg, DA. CB1 cannabinoid receptor induction in experimental stroke. Ann Neurol 2000;48:257-261.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 257-261
    • Jin, K.L.1    Mao, X.O.2    Goldsmith, P.C.3    Greenberg, D.A.4
  • 99
    • 40949116660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the balance between cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptor activation during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury
    • Zhang M, Martin BR, Adler MW, Razdan RK, Ganea D, Tuma RF. Modulation of the balance between cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptor activation during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury. Neuroscience 2008;152:753-760.
    • (2008) Neuroscience , vol.152 , pp. 753-760
    • Zhang, M.1    Martin, B.R.2    Adler, M.W.3    Razdan, R.K.4    Ganea, D.5    Tuma, R.F.6
  • 100
    • 33846047809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion induce expression of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the brain
    • Ashton JC, Rahman RM, Nair SM, Sutherland BA, Glass M, Appleton I. Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion induce expression of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in the brain. Neurosci Lett 2007;412:114-117.
    • (2007) Neurosci Lett , vol.412 , pp. 114-117
    • Ashton, J.C.1    Rahman, R.M.2    Nair, S.M.3    Sutherland, B.A.4    Glass, M.5    Appleton, I.6
  • 101
    • 0033561159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids and neuroprotection in global and focal cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures
    • Nagayama T, Sinor AD, Simon RP, Chen J, Graham SH, Jin K, Greenberg DA. Cannabinoids and neuroprotection in global and focal cerebral ischemia and in neuronal cultures. J Neurosci 1999;19:2987-2995.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 2987-2995
    • Nagayama, T.1    Sinor, A.D.2    Simon, R.P.3    Chen, J.4    Graham, S.H.5    Jin, K.6    Greenberg, D.A.7
  • 102
  • 103
    • 57849168951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol in hypoxic-ischemic newborn piglets
    • Alvarez FJ, Lafuente H, Rey-Santano MC, et al. Neuroprotective effects of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol in hypoxic-ischemic newborn piglets. Pediatr Res 2008;64:653-658.
    • (2008) Pediatr Res , vol.64 , pp. 653-658
    • Alvarez, F.J.1    Lafuente, H.2    Rey-Santano, M.C.3
  • 105
    • 36248967129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in brain levels of N-acylethanolamines and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in focal cerebral ischemia in mice
    • Degn M, Lambertsen KL, Petersen G, et al. Changes in brain levels of N-acylethanolamines and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in focal cerebral ischemia in mice. J Neurochem 2007;103:1907-1916.
    • (2007) J Neurochem , vol.103 , pp. 1907-1916
    • Degn, M.1    Lambertsen, K.L.2    Petersen, G.3
  • 106
    • 0036317952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blockade of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor function protects against in vivo disseminating brain damage following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity
    • Hansen HH, Azcoitia I, Pons S, et al. Blockade of cannabinoid CB(1) receptor function protects against in vivo disseminating brain damage following NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. J Neurochem 2002;82:154-158.
    • (2002) J Neurochem , vol.82 , pp. 154-158
    • Hansen, H.H.1    Azcoitia, I.2    Pons, S.3
  • 108
    • 0038107699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural syncope after marijuana: A transcranial Doppler study of the hemodynamics
    • Mathew RJ, Wilson WH, Davis R. Postural syncope after marijuana: A transcranial Doppler study of the hemodynamics. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003;75:309-318.
    • (2003) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.75 , pp. 309-318
    • Mathew, R.J.1    Wilson, W.H.2    Davis, R.3
  • 109
    • 0035906513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term cerebroprotective effects of dexanabinol in a model of focal cerebral ischemia
    • Lavie G, Teichner A, Shohami E, Ovadia H, Leker RR. Long term cerebroprotective effects of dexanabinol in a model of focal cerebral ischemia. Brain Res 2001;901:195-201.
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.901 , pp. 195-201
    • Lavie, G.1    Teichner, A.2    Shohami, E.3    Ovadia, H.4    Leker, R.R.5
  • 110
    • 48349106541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The protective effect of dexanabinol (HU-211) on nitric oxide and cysteine protease-mediated neuronal death in focal cerebral ischemia
    • Durmaz R, Oxden H, Kanbak G, Aral E, Arslan OC, Kartkaya K, Uzuner K. The protective effect of dexanabinol (HU-211) on nitric oxide and cysteine protease-mediated neuronal death in focal cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Res 2008;33:1683-1691.
    • (2008) Neurochem Res , vol.33 , pp. 1683-1691
    • Durmaz, R.1    Oxden, H.2    Kanbak, G.3    Aral, E.4    Arslan, O.C.5    Kartkaya, K.6    Uzuner, K.7
  • 111
    • 0029165097 scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of HU-211, a novel NMDA receptor antagonist
    • Eshhar N, Striem S, Kohen R, Tirosh O, Biegon A. Neuroprotective and antioxidant activities of HU-211, a novel NMDA receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 1995;283:19-29.
    • (1995) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.283 , pp. 19-29
    • Eshhar, N.1    Striem, S.2    Kohen, R.3    Tirosh, O.4    Biegon, A.5
  • 112
    • 33847261953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated treatment with cannabidiol but not Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol has a neuroprotective effect without the development of tolerance
    • Hayakawa K, Mishia K, Nozako M, et al. Repeated treatment with cannabidiol but not Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol has a neuroprotective effect without the development of tolerance. Neuropharmacol 2007;52:1079-1087.
    • (2007) Neuropharmacol , vol.52 , pp. 1079-1087
    • Hayakawa, K.1    Mishia, K.2    Nozako, M.3
  • 113
    • 35649015179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor
    • Ryberg E, Larsson N, Sjogren S, et al. The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2007;152:1092-1101.
    • (2007) Br J Pharmacol , vol.152 , pp. 1092-1101
    • Ryberg, E.1    Larsson, N.2    Sjogren, S.3
  • 114
    • 33646734889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: A mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression
    • Carrier EJ, Auchampach JA, Hillard CJ. Inhibition of an equilibrative nucleoside transporter by cannabidiol: A mechanism of cannabinoid immunosuppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:7895-7900.
    • (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.103 , pp. 7895-7900
    • Carrier, E.J.1    Auchampach, J.A.2    Hillard, C.J.3
  • 115
    • 15244356828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release in the rodent striatum: A combined immunochemical and pharmacological analysis
    • Köfalvi A, Rodrigues RJ, Ledent C, Mackie K, Vizi ES, Cunha RA, Sperlágh B. Involvement of cannabinoid receptors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release in the rodent striatum: A combined immunochemical and pharmacological analysis. J Neurochem 2005;25:2874-2884.
    • (2005) J Neurochem , vol.25 , pp. 2874-2884
    • Köfalvi, A.1    Rodrigues, R.J.2    Ledent, C.3    Mackie, K.4    Vizi, E.S.5    Cunha, R.A.6    Sperlágh, B.7
  • 116
    • 67649843735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of motor dysfunction
    • Fernandez-Ruiz J. The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of motor dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2009;156:1029-1040.
    • (2009) Br J Pharmacol , vol.156 , pp. 1029-1040
    • Fernandez-Ruiz, J.1
  • 117
    • 20944435840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High endogenous cannabinoid levels in cerebrospinal fluid of untreated Parkinson's disease patients
    • Pisani A, Fezza F, Galati S, et al. High endogenous cannabinoid levels in cerebrospinal fluid of untreated Parkinson's disease patients. Ann Neurol 2005;57:777-779.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 777-779
    • Pisani, A.1    Fezza, F.2    Galati, S.3
  • 118
    • 75349085227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are early downregulated followed by a further upregulation in the basal ganglia of mice with deletion of PARK genes
    • Garcia-Arencibia M, Garcia C, Kurz A, et al. Cannabinoid CB1 receptors are early downregulated followed by a further upregulation in the basal ganglia of mice with deletion of PARK genes. J Neural Transm 2009;73:269-275.
    • (2009) J Neural Transm , vol.73 , pp. 269-275
    • Garcia-Arencibia, M.1    Garcia, C.2    Kurz, A.3
  • 119
    • 0036773310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute neuronal injury, excitotoxicity and the endocannabinoid system
    • Van Der Stelt M, Veldhuis WB, Maccarrone M, et al. Acute neuronal injury, excitotoxicity and the endocannabinoid system. Mol Neurobiol 2002;26:317-346.
    • (2002) Mol Neurobiol , vol.26 , pp. 317-346
    • Van Der Stelt, M.1    Veldhuis, W.B.2    Maccarrone, M.3
  • 120
  • 121
    • 17444370570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: Relevance to Parkinson's disease
    • Lastres-Becker I, Molina-Holgado F, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernandez-Ruiz J. Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2005;19:97-107.
    • (2005) Neurobiol Dis , vol.19 , pp. 97-107
    • Lastres-Becker, I.1    Molina-Holgado, F.2    Ramos, J.A.3    Mechoulam, R.4    Fernandez-Ruiz, J.5
  • 123
    • 41049103782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and type-1 cannabinoid receptor after striatal excitotoxic lesions
    • De March Z, Zuccato C, Giampá C, et al. Cortical expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and type-1 cannabinoid receptor after striatal excitotoxic lesions. Neuroscience 2008;152:734-740.
    • (2008) Neuroscience , vol.152 , pp. 734-740
    • De March, Z.1    Zuccato, C.2    Giampá, C.3
  • 124
    • 70350697391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial CB2 cannabinoid receptors are neuroprotective in Huntington's disease excitotoxicity
    • Palazuelos J, Aguado T, Pazos MR, et al. Microglial CB2 cannabinoid receptors are neuroprotective in Huntington's disease excitotoxicity. Brain 2009;132:3152-3164.
    • (2009) Brain , vol.132 , pp. 3152-3164
    • Palazuelos, J.1    Aguado, T.2    Pazos, M.R.3
  • 125
    • 77950461116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APP transgenic modeling of Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and aberrant neurogenesis
    • Crews L, Rockenstein E, Marliah E. APP transgenic modeling of Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms of neurodegeneration and aberrant neurogenesis. Brain Struct Funct 2010;214:111-126.
    • (2010) Brain Struct Funct , vol.214 , pp. 111-126
    • Crews, L.1    Rockenstein, E.2    Marliah, E.3
  • 126
    • 76049118555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of developmental stem cell-mediated striatal neurogenesis and pluripotency genes in a knock-in model of Huntington's disease
    • Molero AE, Gokhan S, Gonzalez S, Feig JL, Alexandre LC, Mehler MF. Impairment of developmental stem cell-mediated striatal neurogenesis and pluripotency genes in a knock-in model of Huntington's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009;106:21900-21905.
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , pp. 21900-21905
    • Molero, A.E.1    Gokhan, S.2    Gonzalez, S.3    Feig, J.L.4    Alexandre, L.C.5    Mehler, M.F.6
  • 127
    • 34548241342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CB1 cannabinoid receptor mediates excitotoxicity-induced neural progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis
    • Aguado T, Romero E, Monory K, et al. The CB1 cannabinoid receptor mediates excitotoxicity-induced neural progenitor proliferation and neurogenesis. J Biol Chem 2007;282:23892-23898.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 23892-23898
    • Aguado, T.1    Romero, E.2    Monory, K.3
  • 128
    • 33845603466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-Psychoactive CB2 cannabinoid agonists stimulate neural progenitor proliferation
    • Palazuelos J, Aguado T, Egia A, Mechoulam R, Guzmán M, Galve-Roperh I. Non-Psychoactive CB2 cannabinoid agonists stimulate neural progenitor proliferation. FASEB J 2006;20:2405-2407.
    • (2006) FASEB J , vol.20 , pp. 2405-2407
    • Palazuelos, J.1    Aguado, T.2    Egia, A.3    Mechoulam, R.4    Guzmán, M.5    Galve-Roperh, I.6
  • 129
    • 47749088572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A diacylglycerol lipase-CB2 cannabinoid pathway regulates adult subventricular zone neurogenesis in an age-dependent manner
    • Goncalves MB, Suetterlin P, Yip P, et al. A diacylglycerol lipase-CB2 cannabinoid pathway regulates adult subventricular zone neurogenesis in an age-dependent manner. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008;38:526-536.
    • (2008) Mol Cell Neurosci , vol.38 , pp. 526-536
    • Goncalves, M.B.1    Suetterlin, P.2    Yip, P.3
  • 130
    • 76249095734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol differentially inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-activated NF-kappaB and interferon-beta/STAT proinflammatory pathways in BV-2 microglial cells
    • Kozela E, Pietr M, Juknat A, Rimmerman N, Levy R, Vogel Z. Cannabinoids Delta (9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol differentially inhibit the lipopolysaccharide-activated NF-kappaB and interferon-beta/STAT proinflammatory pathways in BV-2 microglial cells. J Biol Chem 2010;285:1616-1626.
    • (2010) J Biol Chem , vol.285 , pp. 1616-1626
    • Kozela, E.1    Pietr, M.2    Juknat, A.3    Rimmerman, N.4    Levy, R.5    Vogel, Z.6
  • 131
    • 73149113054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anandamide enhances IL-10 production in activated microglia by targeting CB(2) receptors: Roles of ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-kappaB
    • Correa F, Hernangómez M, Mestre L, et al. Anandamide enhances IL-10 production in activated microglia by targeting CB(2) receptors: Roles of ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-kappaB. Glia 2010;58:135-147.
    • (2010) Glia , vol.58 , pp. 135-147
    • Correa, F.1    Hernangómez, M.2    Mestre, L.3
  • 133
    • 77950692040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling by fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition: A neuroprotective therapeutic modality
    • Hwang J, Adamson C, Butler D, Janero DR, Makriyannis A, Bahr BA. Enhancement of endocannabinoid signaling by fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition: A neuroprotective therapeutic modality. Life Sci 2010;86:615-623.
    • (2010) Life Sci , vol.86 , pp. 615-623
    • Hwang, J.1    Adamson, C.2    Butler, D.3    Janero, D.R.4    Makriyannis, A.5    Bahr, B.A.6
  • 134
    • 33644804271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The therapeutic potential of drugs that target cannabinoid receptors or modulate the tissue levels or actions of endocannabinoids
    • Pertwee RG. The therapeutic potential of drugs that target cannabinoid receptors or modulate the tissue levels or actions of endocannabinoids. AAPS J 2005;7:625-654.
    • (2005) AAPS J , vol.7 , pp. 625-654
    • Pertwee, R.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.