메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 12, 2010, Pages 4916-4931

Compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, induces mitochondria-dependent and caspase-dependent apoptosis via the generation of reactive oxygen species in human colon cancer cells

Author keywords

c Jun NH 2 terminal kinase; Compound K; Mitochondrial membrane potential; p38 mitogen activated protein kinase; Reactive oxygen species

Indexed keywords

ACETYLCYSTEINE; CASPASE 3; CASPASE 9; CELL PROTEIN; COMPOUND K; CYTOCHROME C; DRUG METABOLITE; GINSENG SAPONIN; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITOR; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE P38; NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; PROTEIN BAX; PROTEIN BCL 2; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; STRESS ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; CASPASE; GINSENOSIDE; GINSENOSIDE M1; SAPONIN; TUMOR PROTEIN;

EID: 78650987480     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14220067     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/ijms11124916     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (58)
  • 2
    • 0033805442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and apoptosis
    • Kannan, K.; Jain, S.K. Oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pathophysilogy 2000, 7, 153-163.
    • (2000) Pathophysilogy , vol.7 , pp. 153-163
    • Kannan, K.1    Jain, S.K.2
  • 3
    • 0036086130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function
    • Dröge, W. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol. Rev. 2002, 82, 47-95.
    • (2002) Physiol. Rev , vol.82 , pp. 47-95
    • Dröge, W.1
  • 4
    • 0032575752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria and apoptosis
    • Green, D.R.; Reed, J.C. Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science 1998, 281, 1309-1312.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1309-1312
    • Green, D.R.1    Reed, J.C.2
  • 5
    • 0034011025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen peroxide induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells and alters cell redox status
    • Li, J.; Huang, C.Y.; Zheng, R.L.; Cui, K.R.; Li, J.F. Hydrogen peroxide induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells and alters cell redox status. Cell Biol. Int. 2000, 24, 9-23.
    • (2000) Cell Biol. Int , vol.24 , pp. 9-23
    • Li, J.1    Huang, C.Y.2    Zheng, R.L.3    Cui, K.R.4    Li, J.F.5
  • 6
    • 5144220858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediating of caspase-independent apoptosis by cadmium through the mitochondria-ROS pathway in MRC-5 fibroblasts
    • Shih, C.M.; Ko, W.C.; Wu, J.S.; Wei, Y.H.; Wang, L.F.; Chang, E.E.; Lo, T.Y.; Cheng, H.H.; Chen, C.T. Mediating of caspase-independent apoptosis by cadmium through the mitochondria-ROS pathway in MRC-5 fibroblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 2004, 91, 384-397.
    • (2004) J. Cell. Biochem , vol.91 , pp. 384-397
    • Shih, C.M.1    Ko, W.C.2    Wu, J.S.3    Wei, Y.H.4    Wang, L.F.5    Chang, E.E.6    Lo, T.Y.7    Cheng, H.H.8    Chen, C.T.9
  • 7
    • 0028943734 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease
    • Thompson, C.B. Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Science 1995, 267, 1456-1462.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1456-1462
    • Thompson, C.B.1
  • 9
    • 3042801604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological features of cell death
    • Ziegler, U.; Groscurth, P. Morphological features of cell death. News Physiol. Sci. 2004, 19, 124-128.
    • (2004) News Physiol. Sci , vol.19 , pp. 124-128
    • Ziegler, U.1    Groscurth, P.2
  • 10
    • 0032575750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caspases: Enemies within
    • Thornberry, N.A.; Lazebnik, Y. Caspases: Enemies within. Science 1998, 281, 1312-1316.
    • (1998) Science , vol.281 , pp. 1312-1316
    • Thornberry, N.A.1    Lazebnik, Y.2
  • 12
    • 0032885388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian caspases: Structure, activation, substrates, and functions during apoptosis
    • Earnshaw, W.C.; Martins, L.M.; Kaufmann, S.H. Mammalian caspases: Structure, activation, substrates, and functions during apoptosis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1999, 68, 383-424.
    • (1999) Annu. Rev. Biochem , vol.68 , pp. 383-424
    • Earnshaw, W.C.1    Martins, L.M.2    Kaufmann, S.H.3
  • 13
    • 0032588953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme/ced-3-family protease, caspase-3/CPP32, in Hodgkin's disease: Lack of caspase-3 expression in nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease
    • Izban, K.F; Wrone-Smith, T.; Hsi, E.D; Schnitzer, B.; Quevedo, M.E.; Alkan, S. Characterization of the interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme/ced-3-family protease, caspase-3/CPP32, in Hodgkin's disease: Lack of caspase-3 expression in nodular lymphocyte predominance Hodgkin's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 1999, 154, 1439-1447.
    • (1999) Am. J. Pathol , vol.154 , pp. 1439-1447
    • Izban, K.F.1    Wrone-Smith, T.2    Hsi, E.D.3    Schnitzer, B.4    Quevedo, M.E.5    Alkan, S.6
  • 14
    • 0036022407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiator caspases in apoptosis signaling pathways
    • Chen, M.; Wang, J. Initiator caspases in apoptosis signaling pathways. Apoptosis 2002, 7, 313-319.
    • (2002) Apoptosis , vol.7 , pp. 313-319
    • Chen, M.1    Wang, J.2
  • 15
    • 0031736410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal bacterial hydrolysis is required for the appearance of compound K in rat plasma after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng
    • Akao, T.; Kida, H.; Kanaoka, M.; Hattori, M.; Kobashi, K. Intestinal bacterial hydrolysis is required for the appearance of compound K in rat plasma after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb1 from Panax ginseng. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1998, 50, 1155-1160.
    • (1998) J. Pharm. Pharmacol , vol.50 , pp. 1155-1160
    • Akao, T.1    Kida, H.2    Kanaoka, M.3    Hattori, M.4    Kobashi, K.5
  • 16
    • 0010098211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng intestinal bacterial metabolite IH901 as a new anti-metastatic agent
    • Hasegawa, H.; Sung, J.H.; Huh, J.H. Ginseng intestinal bacterial metabolite IH901 as a new anti-metastatic agent. Arch. Pharm. Res. 1997, 20, 539-544.
    • (1997) Arch. Pharm. Res , vol.20 , pp. 539-544
    • Hasegawa, H.1    Sung, J.H.2    Huh, J.H.3
  • 17
    • 0030864673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins
    • Hasegawa, H.; Sung, J.H.; Benno, Y. Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins. Planta Med. 1997, 63, 436-440.
    • (1997) Planta Med , vol.63 , pp. 436-440
    • Hasegawa, H.1    Sung, J.H.2    Benno, Y.3
  • 18
    • 85009708837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appearance of compound K, a major metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1 by intestinal bacteria, in rat plasma after oral administration--measurement of compound K by enzyme immunoassay
    • Akao, T.; Kanaoka, M.; Kobashi, K. Appearance of compound K, a major metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1 by intestinal bacteria, in rat plasma after oral administration--measurement of compound K by enzyme immunoassay. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 1998, 21, 245-249.
    • (1998) Biol. Pharm. Bull , vol.21 , pp. 245-249
    • Akao, T.1    Kanaoka, M.2    Kobashi, K.3
  • 19
    • 24944471446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle by a ginseng metabolite, compound K, in U937 human monocytic leukamia cells
    • Kang, K.A.; Kim, Y.W.; Kim, S.U.; Chae, S.; Koh, Y.S.; Kim, H.S., Choo, M.K.; Kim, D.H.; Hyun, J.W. G1 phase arrest of the cell cycle by a ginseng metabolite, compound K, in U937 human monocytic leukamia cells. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2005, 28, 685-690.
    • (2005) Arch. Pharm. Res , vol.28 , pp. 685-690
    • Kang, K.A.1    Kim, Y.W.2    Kim, S.U.3    Chae, S.4    Koh, Y.S.5    Kim, H.S.6    Choo, M.K.7    Kim, D.H.8    Hyun, J.W.9
  • 22
    • 67649865855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, combined with gamma-ray radiation in human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo
    • Chae, S.; Kang, K.A.; Chang, W.Y.; Kim, M.J.; Lee, S.J.; Lee, Y.S.; Kim, H.S.; Kim, D.H.; Hyun, J.W. Effect of compound K, a metabolite of ginseng saponin, combined with gamma-ray radiation in human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 5777-5782.
    • (2009) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.57 , pp. 5777-5782
    • Chae, S.1    Kang, K.A.2    Chang, W.Y.3    Kim, M.J.4    Lee, S.J.5    Lee, Y.S.6    Kim, H.S.7    Kim, D.H.8    Hyun, J.W.9
  • 24
    • 0033053890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in the reducing power along the rat GI tract: Lower antioxidant capacity of the colon
    • Blau, S.; Rubinstein, A.; Bass, P.; Singaram, C.; Kohen, R. Differences in the reducing power along the rat GI tract: Lower antioxidant capacity of the colon. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 1999, 194, 185-191.
    • (1999) Mol. Cell. Biochem , vol.194 , pp. 185-191
    • Blau, S.1    Rubinstein, A.2    Bass, P.3    Singaram, C.4    Kohen, R.5
  • 25
    • 34147092264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic yield and safety of colonoscopy in Israeli patients in an open access referral system
    • Rainis, T.; Keren, D.; Goldstein, O.; Stermer, E.; Lavy, A. Diagnostic yield and safety of colonoscopy in Israeli patients in an open access referral system. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2007, 41, 394-399.
    • (2007) J. Clin. Gastroenterol , vol.41 , pp. 394-399
    • Rainis, T.1    Keren, D.2    Goldstein, O.3    Stermer, E.4    Lavy, A.5
  • 28
    • 40249098050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A ginseng saponin metabolite suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-promoted metastasis by suppressing nuclear factor-kappaB signaling in murine colon cancer cells
    • Choo, M.K.; Sakurai, H.; Kim, D.H.; Saiki, I. A ginseng saponin metabolite suppresses tumor necrosis factor-alpha-promoted metastasis by suppressing nuclear factor-kappaB signaling in murine colon cancer cells. Oncol. Rep. 2008, 19, 595-600.
    • (2008) Oncol. Rep , vol.19 , pp. 595-600
    • Choo, M.K.1    Sakurai, H.2    Kim, D.H.3    Saiki, I.4
  • 29
    • 64549086074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound K, intestinal metabolite of ginsenoside, attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation via AMPK activation in human hepatoma cells
    • Kim, do Y.; Yuan, H.D.; Chung, I.K.; Chung, S.H. Compound K, intestinal metabolite of ginsenoside, attenuates hepatic lipid accumulation via AMPK activation in human hepatoma cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 1532-1537.
    • (2009) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.57 , pp. 1532-1537
    • do Kim, Y.1    Yuan, H.D.2    Chung, I.K.3    Chung, S.H.4
  • 30
    • 72449153399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compound K induces apoptosis via CAMK-IV/AMPK pathways in HT-29 colon cancer cells
    • Kim, do Y.; Park, M.W.; Yuan, H.D.; Lee, H.J.; Kim, S.H.; Chung, S.H. Compound K induces apoptosis via CAMK-IV/AMPK pathways in HT-29 colon cancer cells. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 10573-10578.
    • (2009) J. Agric. Food Chem , vol.57 , pp. 10573-10578
    • do Kim, Y.1    Park, M.W.2    Yuan, H.D.3    Lee, H.J.4    Kim, S.H.5    Chung, S.H.6
  • 31
    • 0028362213 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of some triterpenoid saponins on glucose transport in tumor cells and its application to in vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities
    • Hasegawa, H.; Matsumiya, S.; Uchiyama, M.; Kurokawa, T.; Inouye, Y.; Kasai, R.; Ishibashi, S.; Yamasaki, K. Inhibitory effect of some triterpenoid saponins on glucose transport in tumor cells and its application to in vitro cytotoxic and antiviral activities. Planta Med. 1994, 60, 240-243.
    • (1994) Planta Med , vol.60 , pp. 240-243
    • Hasegawa, H.1    Matsumiya, S.2    Uchiyama, M.3    Kurokawa, T.4    Inouye, Y.5    Kasai, R.6    Ishibashi, S.7    Yamasaki, K.8
  • 32
    • 0031830686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro antigenotoxic activity of novel ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria
    • Lee, B.H.; Lee, S.J.; Hur, J.H.; Lee, S.; Sung, J.H.; Huh, J.D.; Moon, C.K. In vitro antigenotoxic activity of novel ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria. Planta Med. 1998, 64, 500-503.
    • (1998) Planta Med , vol.64 , pp. 500-503
    • Lee, B.H.1    Lee, S.J.2    Hur, J.H.3    Lee, S.4    Sung, J.H.5    Huh, J.D.6    Moon, C.K.7
  • 33
    • 13844280922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antitumor promotional effects of a novel intestinal bacterial metabolite (IH-901) derived from the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides in mouse skin
    • Lee, J.Y.; Shin, J.W.; Chun, K.S.; Park, K.K.; Chung, W.Y.; Bang, Y.J.; Sung, J.H.; Surh, Y.J. Antitumor promotional effects of a novel intestinal bacterial metabolite (IH-901) derived from the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides in mouse skin. Carcinogenesis 2005, 26, 359-367.
    • (2005) Carcinogenesis , vol.26 , pp. 359-367
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Shin, J.W.2    Chun, K.S.3    Park, K.K.4    Chung, W.Y.5    Bang, Y.J.6    Sung, J.H.7    Surh, Y.J.8
  • 35
    • 53149089114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, hesperidin, poncirin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin by human fecal microflora and its relation to cytotoxicity against tumor cells
    • Kim, Y.S.; Kim, J.J.; Cho, K.H.; Jung, W.S.; Moon, S.K.; Park, E.K.; Kim, D.H. Biotransformation of ginsenoside Rb1, crocin, amygdalin, geniposide, puerarin, ginsenoside Re, hesperidin, poncirin, glycyrrhizin, and baicalin by human fecal microflora and its relation to cytotoxicity against tumor cells. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2008, 18, 1109-1114.
    • (2008) J. Microbiol. Biotechnol , vol.18 , pp. 1109-1114
    • Kim, Y.S.1    Kim, J.J.2    Cho, K.H.3    Jung, W.S.4    Moon, S.K.5    Park, E.K.6    Kim, D.H.7
  • 36
    • 77950861310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proapoptotic ginsenosides compound K and Rh enhance Fas-induced cell death of human astrocytoma cells through distinct apoptotic signaling pathways
    • Choi, K.; Choi, C. Proapoptotic ginsenosides compound K and Rh enhance Fas-induced cell death of human astrocytoma cells through distinct apoptotic signaling pathways. Cancer Res. Treat. 2009, 41, 36-44.
    • (2009) Cancer Res. Treat , vol.41 , pp. 36-44
    • Choi, K.1    Choi, C.2
  • 37
    • 2942593991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ROS stress in cancer cells and therapeutic implications
    • Pelicano, H.; Carney, D.; Huang P. ROS stress in cancer cells and therapeutic implications. Drug Resist. Updat. 2004, 7, 97-110.
    • (2004) Drug Resist. Updat , vol.7 , pp. 97-110
    • Pelicano, H.1    Carney, D.2    Huang, P.3
  • 39
    • 34248582844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel action of paclitaxel against cancer cells: Bystander effect mediated by reactive oxygen species
    • Alexandre, J.; Hu, Y.; Lu, W.; Pelicano, H.; Huang, P. Novel action of paclitaxel against cancer cells: Bystander effect mediated by reactive oxygen species. Cancer Res. 2007, 67, 3512-3517.
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , pp. 3512-3517
    • Alexandre, J.1    Hu, Y.2    Lu, W.3    Pelicano, H.4    Huang, P.5
  • 40
    • 19844374460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells
    • Qanungo, S.; Das, M.; Haldar, S.; Basu, A. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2005, 26, 958-967.
    • (2005) Carcinogenesis , vol.26 , pp. 958-967
    • Qanungo, S.1    Das, M.2    Haldar, S.3    Basu, A.4
  • 41
    • 74149083787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surfactin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through a ROS/JNK-mediated mitochondrial/caspase pathway
    • Cao, X.H.; Wang, A.H.; Wang, C.L.; Mao, D.Z.; Lu, M.F.; Cui, Y.Q.; Jiao, R.Z. Surfactin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through a ROS/JNK-mediated mitochondrial/caspase pathway. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2010, 183, 357-362.
    • (2010) Chem. Biol. Interact , vol.183 , pp. 357-362
    • Cao, X.H.1    Wang, A.H.2    Wang, C.L.3    Mao, D.Z.4    Lu, M.F.5    Cui, Y.Q.6    Jiao, R.Z.7
  • 43
    • 0028903933 scopus 로고
    • Reduction in mitochondrial potential constitutes an early irreversible step of programmed lymphocyte death in vivo
    • Zamzami, N.; Marchetti, P.; Castedo, M.; Zanin, C.; Vayssière, J.L.; Petit, P.X.; Kroemer, G. Reduction in mitochondrial potential constitutes an early irreversible step of programmed lymphocyte death in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 1995, 181, 1661-1672.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Med , vol.181 , pp. 1661-1672
    • Zamzami, N.1    Marchetti, P.2    Castedo, M.3    Zanin, C.4    Vayssière, J.L.5    Petit, P.X.6    Kroemer, G.7
  • 45
    • 0032504574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial control of apoptosis: The role of cytochrome c
    • Cai, J.; Yang, J.; Jones, D.P. Mitochondrial control of apoptosis: The role of cytochrome c. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1998, 1366, 139-149.
    • (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta , vol.1366 , pp. 139-149
    • Cai, J.1    Yang, J.2    Jones, D.P.3
  • 46
    • 0035861885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species generated from the mitochondrial electron transport chain induce cytochrome c dissociation from beef-heart submitochondrial particles via cardiolipin peroxidation. Possible role in the apoptosis
    • Petrosillo, G.; Ruggiero, F.M.; Pistolese, M.; Paradies, G. Reactive oxygen species generated from the mitochondrial electron transport chain induce cytochrome c dissociation from beef-heart submitochondrial particles via cardiolipin peroxidation. Possible role in the apoptosis. FEBS Lett. 2001, 509, 435-438.
    • (2001) FEBS Lett , vol.509 , pp. 435-438
    • Petrosillo, G.1    Ruggiero, F.M.2    Pistolese, M.3    Paradies, G.4
  • 47
    • 0345529917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of reactive oxygen species and cardiolipin in the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria
    • Petrosillo, G.; Ruggiero, F.M.; Paradies, G. Role of reactive oxygen species and cardiolipin in the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. FASEB J. 2003, 17, 2202-2208.
    • (2003) FASEB J , vol.17 , pp. 2202-2208
    • Petrosillo, G.1    Ruggiero, F.M.2    Paradies, G.3
  • 48
    • 67651039313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arachidonic acid-induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells is mediated through mitochondrial alteration elicited by ROS and Ca(2+)-evoked activation of p38alpha MAPK and JNK1
    • Chen, K.C.; Chang, L.S. Arachidonic acid-induced apoptosis of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells is mediated through mitochondrial alteration elicited by ROS and Ca(2+)-evoked activation of p38alpha MAPK and JNK1. Toxicology 2009, 262, 199-206.
    • (2009) Toxicology , vol.262 , pp. 199-206
    • Chen, K.C.1    Chang, L.S.2
  • 49
    • 71749090438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and pharmacological exploitation of clioquinol-derived copper-binding apoptosis inducers triggering reactive oxygen species generation and MAPK pathway activation
    • Chen, H.L.; Chang, C.Y.; Lee, H.T.; Lin, H.H.; Lu, P.J.; Yang, C.N.; Shiau, C.W.; Shaw, A.Y. Synthesis and pharmacological exploitation of clioquinol-derived copper-binding apoptosis inducers triggering reactive oxygen species generation and MAPK pathway activation. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2009, 17, 7239-7247.
    • (2009) Bioorg. Med. Chem , vol.17 , pp. 7239-7247
    • Chen, H.L.1    Chang, C.Y.2    Lee, H.T.3    Lin, H.H.4    Lu, P.J.5    Yang, C.N.6    Shiau, C.W.7    Shaw, A.Y.8
  • 50
    • 70349989502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzyl isothiocyanate-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis via activation of MAPK in human pancreatic cancer cells
    • Sahu, R.P.; Zhang, R.; Batra, S.; Shi, Y.; Srivastava, S.K. Benzyl isothiocyanate-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species causes cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis via activation of MAPK in human pancreatic cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2009, 30, 1744-1753.
    • (2009) Carcinogenesis , vol.30 , pp. 1744-1753
    • Sahu, R.P.1    Zhang, R.2    Batra, S.3    Shi, Y.4    Srivastava, S.K.5
  • 52
    • 77951652653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of p38 MAPK- and JNK-modulated expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Naja nigricollis CMS-9-induced apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells
    • Chen, Y.J.; Liu, W.H.; Kao, P.H.; Wang, J.J.; Chang, L.S. Involvement of p38 MAPK- and JNK-modulated expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in Naja nigricollis CMS-9-induced apoptosis of human leukemia K562 cells. Toxicon 2010, 55, 1306-1316.
    • (2010) Toxicon , vol.55 , pp. 1306-1316
    • Chen, Y.J.1    Liu, W.H.2    Kao, P.H.3    Wang, J.J.4    Chang, L.S.5
  • 53
    • 75849160168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotenone induces apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell-mediated ROS through JNK and p38 signaling
    • Deng, Y.T.; Huang, H.C.; Lin, J.K. Rotenone induces apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell-mediated ROS through JNK and p38 signaling. Mol. Carcinog. 2010, 49, 141-151.
    • (2010) Mol. Carcinog , vol.49 , pp. 141-151
    • Deng, Y.T.1    Huang, H.C.2    Lin, J.K.3
  • 55
    • 15444362131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose deprivation increases mRNA stability of vascular endothelial growth factor through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in DU145 prostate carcinoma
    • Yun, H.; Lee, M.; Kim, S.S. Glucose deprivation increases mRNA stability of vascular endothelial growth factor through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase in DU145 prostate carcinoma. J. Biol. Chem. 2005, 280, 9963-9972.
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 9963-9972
    • Yun, H.1    Lee, M.2    Kim, S.S.3
  • 56
    • 0023130372 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: Assessment of chemosensitivity testing
    • Carmichael, J.; DeGraff, W.G.; Gazdar, A.F.; Minna, J.D.; Mitchell, J.B. Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: Assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer Res. 1987, 47, 936-942.
    • (1987) Cancer Res , vol.47 , pp. 936-942
    • Carmichael, J.1    Degraff, W.G.2    Gazdar, A.F.3    Minna, J.D.4    Mitchell, J.B.5
  • 57
    • 0025726216 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry
    • Nicoletti, I.; Migliorati, G.; Pagliacci, M.C.; Grignani, F.; Riccardi, C. A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. J. Immunol. Methods 1991, 139, 271-279.
    • (1991) J. Immunol. Methods , vol.139 , pp. 271-279
    • Nicoletti, I.1    Migliorati, G.2    Pagliacci, M.C.3    Grignani, F.4    Riccardi, C.5
  • 58
    • 39149116749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiparametric analysis of cells with different mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis by polychromatic flow cytometry
    • Troiano, L.; Ferraresi, R.; Lugli, E.; Nemes, E.; Roat, E.; Nasi, M.; Pinti, M.; Cossarizza, A. Multiparametric analysis of cells with different mitochondrial membrane potential during apoptosis by polychromatic flow cytometry. Nat. Protoc. 2007, 2, 2719-2727.
    • (2007) Nat. Protoc , vol.2 , pp. 2719-2727
    • Troiano, L.1    Ferraresi, R.2    Lugli, E.3    Nemes, E.4    Roat, E.5    Nasi, M.6    Pinti, M.7    Cossarizza, A.8


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.