메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 6, 2010, Pages 326-337

B cells as therapeutic targets in SLE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

APRIL PROTEIN; ATACICEPT; B CELL ACTIVATING FACTOR; BAMINERCEPT; BELIMUMAB; BORTEZOMIB; CARFILZOMIB; CD20 ANTIGEN; CD22 ANTIGEN; CD40 LIGAND MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; CD79 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR3 ANTAGONIST; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4 ANTAGONIST; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR5 ANTAGONIST; CORTICOSTEROID; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; EPRATUZUMAB; GAMMA INTERFERON ANTIBODY; GRANULOCYTE MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR INTERLEUKIN 15 FUSION PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 17 ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 6; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PLACEBO; PROTEASOME; RECOMBINANT CYTOKINE; RITUXIMAB; TOCILIZUMAB; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ANTIBODY; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 77953182426     PISSN: 17594790     EISSN: 17594804     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2010.68     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (214)

References (106)
  • 2
    • 47249103832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-lymphocyte contributions to human autoimmune disease
    • Yanaba, K. et al. B-lymphocyte contributions to human autoimmune disease. Immunol. Rev. 223, 284-299 (2008).
    • (2008) Immunol. Rev. , vol.223 , pp. 284-299
    • Yanaba, K.1
  • 3
    • 45449099469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine-producing B lymphocytes - Key regulators of immunity
    • Lund, F. E. Cytokine-producing B lymphocytes - key regulators of immunity. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 20, 332-338 (2008).
    • (2008) Curr. Opin. Immunol. , vol.20 , pp. 332-338
    • Lund, F.E.1
  • 4
    • 65249187242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective seven-year analysis of the use of B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus at University College London Hospital: The first fifty patients
    • Lu, T. et al. A retrospective seven-year analysis of the use of B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus at University College London Hospital: the first fifty patients. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 482-487 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.61 , pp. 482-487
    • Lu, T.1
  • 5
    • 67650671884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translational mini-review series on B cell-directed therapies: The pathogenic role of B cells in autoantibody-associated autoimmune diseases; lessons from B cell-depletion therapy
    • Leandro, M. J. & de la Torre, I. Translational Mini-Review Series on B Cell-Directed Therapies: The pathogenic role of B cells in autoantibody-associated autoimmune diseases; lessons from B cell-depletion therapy. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 157, 191-197 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.157 , pp. 191-197
    • Leandro, M.J.1    De La Torre, I.2
  • 6
    • 75749134960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belimumab, a BLyS-specific inhibitor, reduced disease activity, flares and prednisone use in patients with active SLE: Efficacy and safety results from the phase 3 BLISS-52 study
    • Presented at the
    • Navarra, S. et al. Belimumab, a BLyS-specific inhibitor, reduced disease activity, flares and prednisone use in patients with active SLE: efficacy and safety results from the phase 3 BLISS-52 study. Presented at the American College of Rheumatology 2009 Annual Scientific Meeting (2009).
    • (2009) American College of Rheumatology 2009 Annual Scientific Meeting
    • Navarra, S.1
  • 7
    • 33745030751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of interferon-alpha by immune complexes or liposomes containing systemic lupus erythematosus autoantigen-and Sjogren's syndrome autoantigen-associated RNA
    • Lovgren, T. et al. Induction of interferon-alpha by immune complexes or liposomes containing systemic lupus erythematosus autoantigen-and Sjogren's syndrome autoantigen-associated RNA. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 1917-1927 (2006).
    • (2006) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.54 , pp. 1917-1927
    • Lovgren, T.1
  • 8
    • 68849101431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The conundrum of B cell depletion in SLE
    • Sanz, I. The conundrum of B cell depletion in SLE. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 5, 304-305 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. , vol.5 , pp. 304-305
    • Sanz, I.1
  • 9
    • 8444223507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab improves peripheral B cell abnormalities in human systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Anolik, J. H. et al. Rituximab improves peripheral B cell abnormalities in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 3580-3590 (2004).
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.50 , pp. 3580-3590
    • Anolik, J.H.1
  • 10
    • 33749018225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competence and competition: The challenge of becoming a long-lived plasma cell
    • Radbruch, A. et al. Competence and competition: the challenge of becoming a long-lived plasma cell. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6, 741-750 (2006).
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.6 , pp. 741-750
    • Radbruch, A.1
  • 11
    • 46849096714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: Relationships among serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response
    • Cambridge, G. et al. B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationships among serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 1011-1016 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 1011-1016
    • Cambridge, G.1
  • 12
    • 54949141219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression
    • Matsushita, T., Yanaba, K., Bouaziz, J. D., Fujimoto, M. & Tedder, T. F. Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 3420-3430 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.118 , pp. 3420-3430
    • Matsushita, T.1    Yanaba, K.2    Bouaziz, J.D.3    Fujimoto, M.4    Tedder, T.F.5
  • 13
    • 65449188259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective targeting of B cells with agonistic anti-CD40 is an efficacious strategy for the generation of induced regulatory T2-like B cells and for the suppression of lupus in MRL/lpr mice
    • Blair, P.A. et al. Selective targeting of B cells with agonistic anti-CD40 is an efficacious strategy for the generation of induced regulatory T2-like B cells and for the suppression of lupus in MRL/lpr mice. J. Immunol. 182, 3492-3502 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Immunol. , vol.182 , pp. 3492-3502
    • Blair, P.A.1
  • 14
    • 69949153114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-15 fusokine induces a regulatory B cell population with immune suppressive properties
    • Rafei, M. et al. A granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-15 fusokine induces a regulatory B cell population with immune suppressive properties. Nat. Med. 15, 1038-1045 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Med. , vol.15 , pp. 1038-1045
    • Rafei, M.1
  • 15
    • 42649124913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not always the bad guys: B cells as regulators of autoimmune pathology
    • Fillatreau, S., Gray, D. & Anderton, S. M. Not always the bad guys: B cells as regulators of autoimmune pathology. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8, 391-397 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 391-397
    • Fillatreau, S.1    Gray, D.2    Anderton, S.M.3
  • 16
    • 74649083783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD19(+)CD24(hi)CD38(hi) B cells exhibit regulatory capacity in healthy individuals but are functionally impaired in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
    • Blair, P.A. et al. CD19(+)CD24(hi)CD38(hi) B cells exhibit regulatory capacity in healthy individuals but are functionally impaired in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Immunity 32, 129-140 (2010).
    • (2010) Immunity , vol.32 , pp. 129-140
    • Blair, P.A.1
  • 17
    • 73449103217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-density SNP screening of the major histocompatibility complex in systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrates strong evidence for independent susceptibility regions
    • Barcellos, L. F. et al. High-density SNP screening of the major histocompatibility complex in systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrates strong evidence for independent susceptibility regions. PLoS Genet. 5, el000696 (2009).
    • (2009) PLoS Genet. , vol.5
    • Barcellos, L.F.1
  • 18
    • 27444435887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How does B cell depletion therapy work, and how can it be improved?
    • Clark, E. A. & Ledbetter, J. A. How does B cell depletion therapy work, and how can it be improved? Ann. Rheum. Dis. 64 (Suppl.), iv77-iv80 (2005).
    • (2005) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.64 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Clark, E.A.1    Ledbetter, J.A.2
  • 19
    • 74849131972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of rituximabin moderately-to-severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: The randomized, double-blind, phase ii/iii systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial
    • Merrill, J. T. et al. Efficacy and safety of rituximabin moderately-to-severely active systemic lupus erythematosus: The randomized, double-blind, phase ii/iii systemic lupus erythematosus evaluation of rituximab trial. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 222-233 (2010).
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.62 , pp. 222-233
    • Merrill, J.T.1
  • 20
    • 65349115354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus - Trials, troubles and tribulations - Working towards a solution: Part 2 - The politically incorrect version
    • Wallace, D. New therapies in systemic lupus erythematosus - trials, troubles and tribulations - working towards a solution: part 2 - the politically incorrect version. Lupus 18, 101-103 (2009).
    • (2009) Lupus , vol.18 , pp. 101-103
    • Wallace, D.1
  • 21
    • 34848912304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed memory B cell recovery in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue in systemic lupus erythematosus after B cell depletion therapy
    • Anolik, J. et al. Delayed memory B cell recovery in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue in systemic lupus erythematosus after B cell depletion therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 3044-3056 (2007).
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.56 , pp. 3044-3056
    • Anolik, J.1
  • 22
    • 34248230257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct effector cytokine profiles of memory and naive human B cell subsets and implication in multiple sclerosis
    • Duddy, M. et al. Distinct effector cytokine profiles of memory and naive human B cell subsets and implication in multiple sclerosis. J. Immunol. 178, 6092-6099 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.178 , pp. 6092-6099
    • Duddy, M.1
  • 23
    • 4043179907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of rituximab
    • Looney, R. J. et al. B cell depletion as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of rituximab. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 2580-2589 (2004).
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.50 , pp. 2580-2589
    • Looney, R.J.1
  • 24
    • 56749153905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability in the biological response to anti-CD20 B cell depletion in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Albert, D. et al. Variability in the biological response to anti-CD20 B cell depletion in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 1724-1731 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 1724-1731
    • Albert, D.1
  • 25
    • 54949129325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly sensitive B cell analysis predicts response to rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis
    • Dass, S. et al. Highly sensitive B cell analysis predicts response to rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 2993-2999 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.58 , pp. 2993-2999
    • Dass, S.1
  • 26
    • 46849096714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: Relationships among serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response
    • Cambridge, G. et al. B cell depletion therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationships among serum B lymphocyte stimulator levels, autoantibody profile and clinical response. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 1011-1016 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 1011-1016
    • Cambridge, G.1
  • 27
    • 33750341510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PThe BLyS/BAFF family of ligands and receptors: Key targets in the therapy and understanding of autoimmunity
    • Cancro, M. PThe BLyS/BAFF family of ligands and receptors: key targets in the therapy and understanding of autoimmunity. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65 (Suppl. 3), 34-36 (2006).
    • (2006) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 34-36
    • Cancro, M.1
  • 28
    • 39649095149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of human memory B cells
    • Sanz, I., Wei, C., Lee, F. E.-H. & Anolik, J. Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of human memory B cells. Semin. Immunol. 20, 67-82 (2008).
    • (2008) Semin. Immunol. , vol.20 , pp. 67-82
    • Sanz, I.1    Wei, C.2    Lee, F.E.-H.3    Anolik, J.4
  • 29
    • 27244432745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotherapy using unconjugated CD19 monoclonal antibodies in animal models for B lymphocyte malignancies and autoimmune disease
    • Yazawa, N., Hamaguchi, Y., Poe, J. C. & Tedder, T. F. Immunotherapy using unconjugated CD19 monoclonal antibodies in animal models for B lymphocyte malignancies and autoimmune disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15178-15183 (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 15178-15183
    • Yazawa, N.1    Hamaguchi, Y.2    Poe, J.C.3    Tedder, T.F.4
  • 30
    • 41849121941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of epratuzumab on peripheral blood B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus versus normal controls
    • Jacobi, A. M. et al. Differential effects of epratuzumab on peripheral blood B cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus versus normal controls. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 450-457 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 450-457
    • Jacobi, A.M.1
  • 31
    • 67651090276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinically meaningful improvements with epratuzumab (anti-CD22 mAb targeting B-cells) in patients with moderate/severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares: Results from 2 randomized controlled trials [abstract 1087]
    • Petri, M. et al. Clinically meaningful improvements with epratuzumab (anti-CD22 mAb targeting B-cells) in patients with moderate/severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) flares: results from 2 randomized controlled trials [abstract 1087]. Arthritis Rheum. 58 (Suppl.), S571 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Petri, M.1
  • 32
    • 34548303252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FcγRIIB as a modulator of autoimmune disease susceptibility
    • Tarasenko, T., Dean, J. A. & Bolland, S. FcγRIIB as a modulator of autoimmune disease susceptibility. Autoimmunity 40, 409-417 (2007).
    • (2007) Autoimmunity , vol.40 , pp. 409-417
    • Tarasenko, T.1    Dean, J.A.2    Bolland, S.3
  • 33
    • 33947575824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fc-γRIIb controls bone marrow plasma cell persistence and apoptosis
    • Xiang, Z. et al. Fc-γRIIb controls bone marrow plasma cell persistence and apoptosis. Nat. Immunol. 8, 419-429 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat. Immunol. , vol.8 , pp. 419-429
    • Xiang, Z.1
  • 34
    • 67849099131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent insights into the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Moser, K. L., Kelly, J. A., Lessard, C. J. & Harley, J. B. Recent insights into the genetic basis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Genes Immun. 10, 373-379 (2009).
    • (2009) Genes Immun. , vol.10 , pp. 373-379
    • Moser, K.L.1    Kelly, J.A.2    Lessard, C.J.3    Harley, J.B.4
  • 35
    • 33748467673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective dysregulation of the FcγIIB receptor on memory B cells in SLE
    • Mackay, M. et al. Selective dysregulation of the FcγIIB receptor on memory B cells in SLE. J. Exp. Med. 203, 2157-2164 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med. , vol.203 , pp. 2157-2164
    • Mackay, M.1
  • 36
    • 34250370468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective blockade of the inhibitory Fey receptor (FcγRIIB) in human dendritic cells and monocytes induces a type I interferon response program
    • Dhodapkar, K. M. et al. Selective blockade of the inhibitory Fey receptor (FcγRIIB) in human dendritic cells and monocytes induces a type I interferon response program. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1359-1369 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Exp. Med. , vol.204 , pp. 1359-1369
    • Dhodapkar, K.M.1
  • 37
    • 70349658717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAFF: A local and systemic target in autoimmune diseases
    • Moisini, I. & Davidson, A. BAFF: a local and systemic target in autoimmune diseases. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 158, 155-163 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Exp. Immunol. , vol.158 , pp. 155-163
    • Moisini, I.1    Davidson, A.2
  • 38
    • 4544264445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased survival of B cells of HIV-viremic patients mediated by altered expression of receptors of the TNF superfamily
    • Moir, S. et al. Decreased survival of B cells of HIV-viremic patients mediated by altered expression of receptors of the TNF superfamily. J. Exp. Med. 200, 587-600 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Exp. Med. , vol.200 , pp. 587-600
    • Moir, S.1
  • 39
    • 85047690330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BAFF selectively enhances the survival of plasmablasts generated from human memory B cells
    • Avery, D. T. et al. BAFF selectively enhances the survival of plasmablasts generated from human memory B cells. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 286-297 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.112 , pp. 286-297
    • Avery, D.T.1
  • 40
    • 74849122596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of long-term belimumab treatment on B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: Extension of a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study
    • Jacobi, A. M. et al. Effect of long-term belimumab treatment on B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: extension of a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 201-210 (2010).
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.62 , pp. 201-210
    • Jacobi, A.M.1
  • 41
    • 1842633887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced competitiveness of autoantigen-engaged B cells due to increased dependence on BAFF
    • Lesley, R. et al. Reduced competitiveness of autoantigen-engaged B cells due to increased dependence on BAFR Immunity 20, 441-453 (2004).
    • (2004) Immunity , vol.20 , pp. 441-453
    • Lesley, R.1
  • 42
    • 2642527095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of spontaneous B lymphocyte autoimmunity with adenovirus-encoded soluble TACI
    • Liu, W. et al. Control of spontaneous B lymphocyte autoimmunity with adenovirus-encoded soluble TACI. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 1884-1896 (2004).
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.50 , pp. 1884-1896
    • Liu, W.1
  • 43
    • 33748638386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the BAFF/BR3 axis on B cell survival, germinal center maintenance and antibody production
    • Kalled, S. L. Impact of the BAFF/BR3 axis on B cell survival, germinal center maintenance and antibody production. Semin. Immunol. 18, 290-296 (2006).
    • (2006) Semin. Immunol. , vol.18 , pp. 290-296
    • Kalled, S.L.1
  • 44
    • 49449092839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of plasma B lymphocyte stimulator levels and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Petri, M. et al. Association of plasma B lymphocyte stimulator levels and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 2453-2459 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.58 , pp. 2453-2459
    • Petri, M.1
  • 45
    • 69749120918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Wallace, D. J. et al. A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study of belimumab in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 1168-1178 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.61 , pp. 1168-1178
    • Wallace, D.J.1
  • 47
    • 8444223507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rituximab improves peripheral B cell abnormalities in human systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Anolik, J. H. et al. Rituximab improves peripheral B cell abnormalities in human systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 3580-3590 (2004).
    • (2004) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.50 , pp. 3580-3590
    • Anolik, J.H.1
  • 48
    • 34248140178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new population of cells lacking expression of CD27 represents a notable component of the B cell memory compartment in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Wei, C. et al. A new population of cells lacking expression of CD27 represents a notable component of the B cell memory compartment in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Immunol. 178, 6624-6633 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.178 , pp. 6624-6633
    • Wei, C.1
  • 49
    • 45349091226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activated memory B cell subsets correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Delineation by expression of CD27, IgD, and CD95
    • Jacobi, A. M. et al. Activated memory B cell subsets correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: Delineation by expression of CD27, IgD, and CD95. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 1762-1773 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.58 , pp. 1762-1773
    • Jacobi, A.M.1
  • 50
    • 0034669990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disturbed peripheral B lymphocyte homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Odendahl, M. et al. Disturbed peripheral B lymphocyte homeostasis in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Immunol. 165, 5970-5979 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Immunol. , vol.165 , pp. 5970-5979
    • Odendahl, M.1
  • 51
    • 37149032474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin levels after atacicept treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Results of a multicenter, phase Ib, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating trial
    • Dall'Era, M. et al. Reduced B lymphocyte and immunoglobulin levels after atacicept treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: results of a multicenter, phase lb, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalating trial. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 4142-4150 (2007).
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.56 , pp. 4142-4150
    • Dall'Era, M.1
  • 52
    • 68849084069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus clinical trials - An interim analysis
    • Dall'Era, M. & Wofsy, D. Systemic lupus erythematosus clinical trials - an interim analysis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 5, 348-351 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. , vol.5 , pp. 348-351
    • Dall'Era, M.1    Wofsy, D.2
  • 53
    • 75749123824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spleen tyrosine kinase: An Src family of non-receptor kinase has multiple functions and represents a valuable therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
    • Ghosh, D. & Tsokos, G. C. Spleen tyrosine kinase: An Src family of non-receptor kinase has multiple functions and represents a valuable therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Autoimmunity 43, 48-55 (2010).
    • (2010) Autoimmunity , vol.43 , pp. 48-55
    • Ghosh, D.1    Tsokos, G.C.2
  • 54
    • 43949092440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An orally bioavailable spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor delays disease progression and prolongs survival in murine lupus
    • Bahjat, F. R. et al. An orally bioavailable spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor delays disease progression and prolongs survival in murine lupus. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 1433-1444 (2008).
    • (2008) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.58 , pp. 1433-1444
    • Bahjat, F.R.1
  • 55
    • 34047170343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ipr
    • Ipr. Int. Immunol. 19, 509-522 (2007).
    • (2007) Int. Immunol. , vol.19 , pp. 509-522
    • Xie, C.1
  • 56
    • 24744449495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PI3Kγ inhibition blocks glomerulonephritis and extends lifespan in a mouse model of systemic lupus
    • Barber, D. F. et al. PI3Kγ inhibition blocks glomerulonephritis and extends lifespan in a mouse model of systemic lupus. Nat. Med. 11, 933-935 (2005).
    • (2005) Nat. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 933-935
    • Barber, D.F.1
  • 57
    • 33847239467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ: Partners in crime in inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and beyond?
    • Rommel, C., Camps, M. & Ji, H. PI3Kδ and PI3Ky: partners in crime in inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis and beyond? Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7, 191-201 (2007).
    • (2007) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.7 , pp. 191-201
    • Rommel, C.1    Camps, M.2    Ji, H.3
  • 58
    • 51549109201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell depletion with anti-CD79 mAbs ameliorates autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr mice
    • Li, Y. et al. B cell depletion with anti-CD79 mAbs ameliorates autoimmune disease in MRL/lpr mice. J. Immunol. 181, 2961-2972 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.181 , pp. 2961-2972
    • Li, Y.1
  • 59
    • 33748472865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus
    • Christensen, S. R. et al. Toll-like receptor 7 and TLR9 dictate autoantibody specificity and have opposing inflammatory and regulatory roles in a murine model of lupus. Immunity 25, 417-428 (2006).
    • (2006) Immunity , vol.25 , pp. 417-428
    • Christensen, S.R.1
  • 60
    • 0036206908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-α/β enhances BCR-dependent B cell responses
    • Braun, D., Caramalho, I. & Demengeot, J. IFN-α/β enhances BCR-dependent B cell responses. Int. Immunol. 14, 411-419 (2002).
    • (2002) Int. Immunol. , vol.14 , pp. 411-419
    • Braun, D.1    Caramalho, I.2    Demengeot, J.3
  • 61
    • 15444364398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control TLR7 sensitivity of naive B cells via type IIFN
    • Bekeredjian-Ding, I. B. et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control TLR7 sensitivity of naive B cells via type IIFN. J. Immunol. 174, 4043-4050 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.174 , pp. 4043-4050
    • Bekeredjian-Ding, I.B.1
  • 62
    • 69449089454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IFN-α amplifies human naive B cell TLR-9-mediated activation and Ig production
    • Giordani, L. et al. IFN-α amplifies human naive B cell TLR-9-mediated activation and Ig production. J. Leukoc. Biol. 86, 261-271 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Leukoc. Biol. , vol.86 , pp. 261-271
    • Giordani, L.1
  • 63
    • 68849105323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type IIFN receptor controls B cell expression of nucleic acid sensing toll-like receptors and autoantibody production in a murine model of lupus
    • Thibault, D. et al. Type IIFN receptor controls B cell expression of nucleic acid sensing toll-like receptors and autoantibody production in a murine model of lupus. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11, R112 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthritis Res. Ther. , vol.11
    • Thibault, D.1
  • 64
    • 47249092785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of TLR inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases
    • Barrat, F J. & Coffman, R. L. Development of TLR inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Immunol. Rev. 223, 271-283 (2008).
    • (2008) Immunol. Rev. , vol.223 , pp. 271-283
    • Barrat, F.J.1    Coffman, R.L.2
  • 65
    • 37549066665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of lupus-prone mice with a dual inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR9 leads to reduction of autoantibody production and amelioration of disease symptoms
    • Barrat, F. J., Meeker, T., Chan, J. H., Guiducci, C. & Coffman, R. L. Treatment of lupus-prone mice with a dual inhibitor of TLR7 and TLR9 leads to reduction of autoantibody production and amelioration of disease symptoms. Eur. J. Immunol. 37, 3582-3586 (2007).
    • (2007) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.37 , pp. 3582-3586
    • Barrat, F.J.1    Meeker, T.2    Chan, J.H.3    Guiducci, C.4    Coffman, R.L.5
  • 66
    • 66449097622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neutralization of interferon-α/β-inducible genes and downstream effect in a phase I trial of an anti-interferon-alpha monoclonal antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Yao, Y. et al. Neutralization of interferon-α/β-inducible genes and downstream effect in a phase I trial of an anti-interferon-alpha monoclonal antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1785-1796 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.60 , pp. 1785-1796
    • Yao, Y.1
  • 67
    • 15244349648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR-9 activation of marginal zone B cells in lupus mice regulates immunity through increased IL-10 production
    • Lenert, P., Brummel, R., Field, E. H. & Ashman, R. F. TLR-9 activation of marginal zone B cells in lupus mice regulates immunity through increased IL-10 production. J. Clin. Immunol. 25, 29-40 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Clin. Immunol. , vol.25 , pp. 29-40
    • Lenert, P.1    Brummel, R.2    Field, E.H.3    Ashman, R.F.4
  • 68
    • 42649111367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR-activated B cells suppress T cell-mediated autoimmunity
    • Lampropoulou, V. et al. TLR-activated B cells suppress T cell-mediated autoimmunity. J. Immunol. 180, 4763-4773 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.180 , pp. 4763-4773
    • Lampropoulou, V.1
  • 69
    • 3242805826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type IIFN protects against murine lupus
    • Hron, J. D. & Peng, S. L. Type IIFN protects against murine lupus. J. Immunol. 173, 2134-2142 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Immunol. , vol.173 , pp. 2134-2142
    • Hron, J.D.1    Peng, S.L.2
  • 70
    • 26844573357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of type I interferon contributes to SLE2-associated component lupus phenotypes
    • Li, J. et al. Deficiency of type I interferon contributes to SLE2-associated component lupus phenotypes. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 3063-3072 (2005).
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.52 , pp. 3063-3072
    • Li, J.1
  • 71
    • 33744539521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteasome inhibitors induce a terminal unfolded protein response in multiple myeloma cells
    • Obeng, E. A. et al. Proteasome inhibitors induce a terminal unfolded protein response in multiple myeloma cells. Blood 107, 4907-4916 (2006).
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 4907-4916
    • Obeng, E.A.1
  • 72
    • 46749088320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and protects mice with lupus-like disease from nephritis
    • Neubert, K. et al. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib depletes plasma cells and protects mice with lupus-like disease from nephritis. Nat. Med. 14, 748-755 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 748-755
    • Neubert, K.1
  • 73
    • 63049137443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib inhibits the release of NFKB-inducible cytokines and induces apoptosis of activated T cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients
    • van der Heijden, J. W. et al. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib inhibits the release of NFKB-inducible cytokines and induces apoptosis of activated T cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 27, 92-98 (2009).
    • (2009) Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. , vol.27 , pp. 92-98
    • Van Der Heijden, J.W.1
  • 74
    • 50449086728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma
    • San Miguel, J. F. et al. Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone for initial treatment of multiple myeloma. N. Engl. J. Med. 359, 906-917 (2008).
    • (2008) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.359 , pp. 906-917
    • San Miguel, J.F.1
  • 75
    • 0035879105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells down-regulate Th1 immunity and prevent autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice
    • Tian, J. et al. Lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells down-regulate Th1 immunity and prevent autoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. J. Immunol. 167, 1081-1089 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Immunol. , vol.167 , pp. 1081-1089
    • Tian, J.1
  • 77
    • 13844320401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesenteric B cells centrally inhibit CD4+ T cell colitis through interaction with regulatory T cell subsets
    • Wei, B. et al. Mesenteric B cells centrally inhibit CD4+ T cell colitis through interaction with regulatory T cell subsets. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 2010-2015 (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 2010-2015
    • Wei, B.1
  • 78
    • 34548742977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal generation of Th1/Th17 and Treg by B1 and B2 B cells
    • Zhong, X. et al. Reciprocal generation of Th1/Th17 and Treg by B1 and B2 B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 37, 2400-2404 (2007).
    • (2007) Eur. J. Immunol. , vol.37 , pp. 2400-2404
    • Zhong, X.1
  • 79
    • 36849027817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with CD20-specific antibody prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes in mice
    • Hu, C.-Y et al. Treatment with CD20-specific antibody prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 3857-3867 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.117 , pp. 3857-3867
    • Hu, C.-Y.1
  • 81
    • 34250179766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel suppressive function of transitional 2 B cells in experimental arthritis
    • Evans, J. G. et al. Novel suppressive function of transitional 2 B cells in experimental arthritis. J. Immunol. 178, 7868-7878 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.178 , pp. 7868-7878
    • Evans, J.G.1
  • 82
    • 43049156086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + phenotype controls T cell-dependent inflammatory responses
    • + phenotype controls T cell-dependent inflammatory responses. Immunity 28, 639-650 (2008).
    • (2008) Immunity , vol.28 , pp. 639-650
    • Yanaba, K.1
  • 83
    • 54949141219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression
    • Matsushita, T., Yanaba, K., Bouaziz, J.-D., Fujimoto, M. & Tedder, T. F. Regulatory B cells inhibit EAE initiation in mice while other B cells promote disease progression. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 3420-3430 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.118 , pp. 3420-3430
    • Matsushita, T.1    Yanaba, K.2    Bouaziz, J.-D.3    Fujimoto, M.4    Tedder, T.F.5
  • 84
    • 67449146920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-cell-depleting induction therapy and acute cellular rejection
    • Clatworthy, M. R. et al. B-cell-depleting induction therapy and acute cellular rejection. N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 2683-2685 (2009).
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , pp. 2683-2685
    • Clatworthy, M.R.1
  • 85
    • 34547786479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of psoriasis after B cell depletion with rituximab
    • Dass, S., Vital, E. M. & Emery, P. Development of psoriasis after B cell depletion with rituximab. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 2715-2718 (2007).
    • (2007) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.56 , pp. 2715-2718
    • Dass, S.1    Vital, E.M.2    Emery, P.3
  • 86
    • 27244432745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotherapy using unconjugated CD19 monoclonal antibodies in animal models for B lymphocyte malignancies and autoimmune disease
    • Yazawa, N., Hamaguchi, Y., Poe, J. C. & Tedder, T. F. Immunotherapy using unconjugated CD19 monoclonal antibodies in animal models for B lymphocyte malignancies and autoimmune disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15178-15183 (2005).
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 15178-15183
    • Yazawa, N.1    Hamaguchi, Y.2    Poe, J.C.3    Tedder, T.F.4
  • 87
    • 41549160141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic association of IL-21 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Sawalha, A. H. et al. Genetic association of IL-21 polymorphisms with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 67, 458-461 (2008).
    • (2008) Ann. Rheum. Dis. , vol.67 , pp. 458-461
    • Sawalha, A.H.1
  • 88
    • 33847342813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-21 and BAFF/BLyS synergize in stimulating plasma cell differentiation from a unique population of human splenic memory B cells
    • Ettinger, R. et al. IL-21 and BAFF/BLyS synergize in stimulating plasma cell differentiation from a unique population of human splenic memory B cells. J. Immunol. 178, 2872-2882 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.178 , pp. 2872-2882
    • Ettinger, R.1
  • 89
    • 76149139419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cell-intrinsic signaling through IL-21 receptor and STAT3 is required for establishing long-lived antibody responses in humans
    • Avery, D. T. et al. B cell-intrinsic signaling through IL-21 receptor and STAT3 is required for establishing long-lived antibody responses in humans. J. Exp. Med. 207, 155-171 (2010).
    • (2010) J. Exp. Med. , vol.207 , pp. 155-171
    • Avery, D.T.1
  • 90
    • 75749113331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tocilizumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: Data on safety, preliminary efficacy, and impact on circulating plasma cells from an open-label phase I dosage-escalation study
    • Illei, G. G. et al. Tocilizumab in systemic lupus erythematosus: Data on safety, preliminary efficacy, and impact on circulating plasma cells from an open-label phase I dosage-escalation study. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 542-552 (2010).
    • (2010) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.62 , pp. 542-552
    • Illei, G.G.1
  • 91
    • 39649097890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting edge: Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis inhibits memory B lymphocytes via effects on lymphoid germinal centers and follicular dendritic cell networks
    • Anolik, J. H. et al. Cutting Edge: anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in rheumatoid arthritis inhibits memory B lymphocytes via effects on lymphoid germinal centers and follicular dendritic cell networks. J. Immunol. 180, 688-692 (2008).
    • (2008) J. Immunol. , vol.180 , pp. 688-692
    • Anolik, J.H.1
  • 92
    • 38349178776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 17-producingT helper cells and interleukin 17 orchestrate autoreactive germinal center development in autoimmune BXD2 mice
    • Hsu, H.-C. et al. Interleukin 17-producingT helper cells and interleukin 17 orchestrate autoreactive germinal center development in autoimmune BXD2 mice. Nat. Immunol. 9, 166-175 (2008).
    • (2008) Nat. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 166-175
    • Hsu, H.-C.1
  • 93
    • 67649197343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 17 acts in synergy with B cell-activating factor to influence B cell biology and the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Doreau, A. et al. Interleukin 17 acts in synergy with B cell-activating factor to influence B cell biology and the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat. Immunol. 10, 778-785 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Immunol. , vol.10 , pp. 778-785
    • Doreau, A.1
  • 94
    • 0035983744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CD154-CD40 interactions mediate differentiation to plasma cells in healthy individuals and persons with systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Grammer, A. C. & Lipsky, P. E. CD154-CD40 interactions mediate differentiation to plasma cells in healthy individuals and persons with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 46, 1417-1429 (2002).
    • (2002) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.46 , pp. 1417-1429
    • Grammer, A.C.1    Lipsky, P.E.2
  • 96
    • 72949104221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysregulation of germinal centres in autoimmune disease
    • Vinuesa, C. G., Sanz, I. & Cook, M. C. Dysregulation of germinal centres in autoimmune disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9, 845-857 (2009).
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 845-857
    • Vinuesa, C.G.1    Sanz, I.2    Cook, M.C.3
  • 97
    • 15444378040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice deficient in 0X40 and CD30 signals lack memory antibody responses because of deficient CD4 T cell memory
    • Gaspal, F. M. C. et al. Mice deficient in 0X40 and CD30 signals lack memory antibody responses because of deficient CD4 T cell memory. J. Immunol. 17 4, 3891-3896 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Immunol. , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 3891-3896
    • Gaspal, F.M.C.1
  • 98
    • 0033646431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CXCR4: Chemokine receptor extraordinaire
    • Murdoch, C. CXCR4: chemokine receptor extraordinaire. Immunol. Rev. 177, 175-184 (2000).
    • (2000) Immunol. Rev. , vol.177 , pp. 175-184
    • Murdoch, C.1
  • 99
    • 75649100559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemokine receptor expression and functional effects of chemokines on B cells: Implication in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
    • Nanki, T. et al. Chemokine receptor expression and functional effects of chemokines on B cells: implication in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11, R149 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthritis Res. Ther. , vol.11
    • Nanki, T.1
  • 100
    • 63449096041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follicular helper T cells are required for systemic autoimmunity
    • Linterman, M. A. et al. Follicular helper T cells are required for systemic autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 206, 561-576 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Exp. Med. , vol.206 , pp. 561-576
    • Linterman, M.A.1
  • 101
    • 13444303845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CXCL13 neutralization reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis
    • Zheng, B. et al. CXCL13 neutralization reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 620-626 (2005).
    • (2005) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.52 , pp. 620-626
    • Zheng, B.1
  • 102
    • 77953220477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MDX-1100, a fully human anti-CXCLlO monoclonal antibody, in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [abstract 414]
    • Yellin, M. et al. A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MDX-1100, a fully human anti-CXCLlO monoclonal antibody, in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [abstract 414]. Arthritis Rheum. 60 (Suppl.), S153 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.60 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Yellin, M.1
  • 103
    • 77953206367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of baminercept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - Results of the phase 2B study in the TNF-IR population [abstract 417]
    • Genovese, M. C. et al. Efficacy and safety of baminercept in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) - results of the phase 2B study in the TNF-IR population [abstract 417]. Arthritis Rheum. 60 (Suppl.), S154 (2009).
    • (2009) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.60 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Genovese, M.C.1
  • 104
    • 72449140060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel human transitional B cell populations revealed by B cell depletion therapy
    • Palanichamy, A. et al. Novel human transitional B cell populations revealed by B cell depletion therapy. J. Immunol. 182, 5982-5993 (2009).
    • (2009) J. Immunol. , vol.182 , pp. 5982-5993
    • Palanichamy, A.1
  • 105
    • 0033579821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphotoxin α/β and tumor necrosis factor are required for stromal cell expression of homing chemokines in B and T cell areas of the spleen
    • Ngo, V. N. et al. Lymphotoxin α/β and tumor necrosis factor are required for stromal cell expression of homing chemokines in B and T cell areas of the spleen. J. Exp. Med. 189, 403-412 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med. , vol.189 , pp. 403-412
    • Ngo, V.N.1
  • 106
    • 34548036949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics
    • Allen, C. D. C., Okada. T. & Cyster, J. G. Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics. Immunity 27, 190-202 (2007).
    • (2007) Immunity , vol.27 , pp. 190-202
    • Allen, C.D.C.1    Okada, T.2    Cyster, J.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.