B cells and immunological tolerance

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

Volumn 129, Issue 2, 2009, Pages 278-288

  Manjarrez Orduño, Nataly ^a   Quách, Tâm D ^a   Sanz, Iñaki ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND DENTISTRY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD23 ANTIGEN; CD40 LIGAND; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3D RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN D; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; INTERLEUKIN 10; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL MATURATION; CELL MIGRATION; CELL POPULATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DENDRITIC CELL; HELPER CELL; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOREACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REMISSION; REVIEW; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS;

EID: 58449115115     PISSN: 0022202X     EISSN: 15231747     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/jid.2008.240     Document Type: Note

References (106)

1. Acevedo-Suarez CA, Kilkenny DM, Reich MB, Thomas JW (2006) Impaired intracellular calcium mobilization and NFATc1 availability in tolerant anti-insulin B cells. J Immunol 177:2234-41
2. Ahmed AR, Spigelman Z, Cavacini LA, Posner MR (2006) Treatment of pemphigus vulgaris with rituximab and intravenous immune globulin. N Engl J Med 355:1772-9
3. Ahuja A, Shupe J, Dunn R, Kashgarian M, Kehry MR, Shlomchik MJ (2007) Depletion of B cells in murine lupus: efficacy and resistance. J Immunol 179:3351-61
4. Aloisi F, Pujol-Borrell R (2006) Lymphoid neogenesis in chronic inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 6:205-17
5. Anolik J, Barnard J, Owen T, Dutcher P, Hadley J, Milner C et al. (2006) Restoration of proper germinal center regulation of autoreactive B cells in human SLE after B cell depletion therapy. Arthritis Rheum 54:S806 (abstr.)
6. Anolik JH, Barnard J, Owen T, Zheng B, Kemshetti S, Looney RJ et al. (2007a) Delayed memory B cell recovery in peripheral blood and lymphoid tissue in systemic lupus erythematosus after B cell depletion therapy. Arthritis Rheum 56:3044-56
7. Anolik JH, Friedberg JW, Zheng B, Barnard J, Owen T, Cushing E et al. (2007b) B cell reconstitution after rituximab treatment of lymphoma recapitulates B cell ontogeny. Clin Immunol 122:139-45
8. Aplin BD, Keech CL, de Kauwe AL, Gordon TP, Cavill D, McCluskey J (2003) Tolerance through indifference: autoreactive B cells to the nuclear antigen la show no evidence of tolerance in a transgenic model. J Immunol 171:5890-900
9. Arbuckle MR, McClain MT, Rubertone MV, Scofield RH, Dennis GJ, James JA et al. (2003) Development of autoantibodies before the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 349:1526-33
10. Benschop RJ, Aviszus K, Zhang X, Manser T, Cambier JC, Wysocki LJ (2001) Activation and anergy in bone marrow B cells of a novel immunoglobulin transgenic mouse that is both hapten specific and autoreactive. Immunity 14:34-43
11. Bhat NM, Bieber MM, Hsu FJ, Chapman CJ, Spellerberg M, Stevenson FK et al. (1997) Rapid cytotoxicity of human B lymphocytes induced by VH4-34 (VH4.21) gene-encoded monoclonal antibodies, II. Clin Exp Immunol 108:151-9
12. Bhat NM, Bieber MM, Spellerberg MB, Stevenson FK, Teng NN (2000) Recognition of auto- and exoantigens by V4-34 gene encoded antibodies. Scand J Immunol 51:134-40
13. Bingley PJ, Bonifacio E, Williams AJ, Genovese S, Bottazzo GF, Gale EA (1997) Prediction of IDDM in the general population: strategies based on combinations of autoantibody markers. Diabetes 46:1701-10
14. Cambier JC, Gauld SB, Merrell KT, Vilen BJ (2007) B-cell anergy: from transgenic models to naturally occurring anergic B cells? Nat Rev Immunol 7:633-43
15. Cancro MP, Kearney JF (2004) B cell positive selection: road map to the primary repertoire? J Immunol 173:15-9
16. Cappione A III, Anolik JH, Pugh-Bernard A, Barnard J, Dutcher P, Silverman G et al. (2005) Germinal center exclusion of autoreactive B cells is defective in human systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Invest 115:3205-16
17. Cappione AJ, Pugh-Bernard AE, Anolik JH, Sanz I (2004) Lupus IgG VH4.34 antibodies bind to a 220-kDa glycoform of CD45/B220 on the surface of human B lymphocytes. J Immunol 172:4298-307
18. Chan OT, Madaio MP, Shlomchik MJ (1999) The central and multiple roles of B cells in lupus pathogenesis. Immunol Rev 169:107-21
19. Chen X, Jensen PE (2007) Cutting edge: primary B lymphocytes preferentially expand allogeneic FoxP3+ CD4 T cells. J Immunol 179:2046-50
20. Collin M, Shannon O, Bjorck L (2008) IgG glycan hydrolysis by a bacterial enzyme as a therapy against autoimmune conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci 105:4265-70
21. Culton DA, O'Conner BP, Conway KL, Diz R, Rutan J, Vilen BJ et al. (2006) Early preplasma cells define a tolerance checkpoint for autoreactive B cells. J Immunol 176:790-802
22. del Rincon I, Zeidel M, Rey E, Harley JB, James JA, Fischbach M et al. (2000) Delineation of the human systemic lupus erythematosus anti-smith antibody response using phage-display combinatorial libraries. J Immunol 165:7011-6
23. Deng S, Moore DJ, Huang X, Lian M-M, Mohiuddin M, Velededeoglu E et al. (2007) Cutting edge: transplant tolerance induced by anti-CD45RB requires B lymphocytes. J Immunol 178:6028-32
24. Ding L, Linsley PS, Huang LY, Germain RN, Shevach EM (1993) IL-10 inhibits macrophage costimulatory activity by selectively inhibiting the up-regulation of B7 expression. J Immunol 151:1224-34
25. Duddy M, Niino M, Adatia F, Hebert S, Freedman M, Atkins H et al. (2007) Distinct effector cytokine profiles of memory and naive human B cell subsets and implication in multiple sclerosis. J Immunol 178:6092-9
26. Edwards JCW, Szczepanski L, Szechinski J, Filipowicz-Sosnowska A, Emery P, Close DR et al. (2004) Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 350:2572-81
27. Evans JG, Chavez-Rueda KA, Eddaoudi A, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Rawlings DJ, Ehrenstein MR et al. (2007) Novel suppressive function of transitional 2 B cells in experimental arthritis. J Immunol 178:7868-78
28. Eynon EE, Parker DC (1992) Small B cells as antigen-presenting cells in the induction of tolerance to soluble protein antigens. J Exp Med 175:131-8
29. Froyland M, Thompson KM, Thorpe SJ, Sahota SS, Gedde-Dahl T, Bogen B (2007) A VH4-34+ myeloma protein with weak autoreactivity. Haematologica 92:690-3
30. Gay D, Saunders T, Camper S, Weigert M (1993) Receptor editing: an approach by autoreactive B cells to escape tolerance. J Exp Med 177:999-1008
31. Goodnow C (2001) Pathways for self-tolerance and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Lancet 357:2115-21
32. Goodnow CC (1988) Altered immunoglobulin expression and functional silencing of self-reactive B lymphocytes in transgenic mice. Nature 334:676-82
33. Goodnow CC, Campbell JA, Rui L, Vinuesa CG (2007) Tolerance mechanisms in the late phase of the antibody response. Adv Exp Med Biol 596:163-8
34. Goodnow CC, Sprent J, de St Groth BF, Vinuesa CG (2005) Cellular and genetic mechanisms of self tolerance and autoimmunity. Nature 435:590-7
35. Grimaldi CM, Michael DJ, Diamond B (2001) Cutting edge: expansion and activation of a population of autoreactive marginal zone b cells in a model of estrogen-induced lupus. J Immunol 167:1886-90
36. Guilbert B, Dighiero G, Avrameas S (1982) Naturally occurring antibodies against nine common antigens in human sera. I. Detection, isolation and characterization. J Immunol 128:2779-87
37. Hannum LG, Ni D, Haberman AM, Weigert MG, Shlomchik MJ (1996) A disease-related rheumatoid factor autoantibody is not tolerized in a normal mouse: implications for the origins of autoantibodies in autoimmune disease. J Exp Med 184:1269-78
38. Harris DP, Haynes L, Sayles PC, Duso DK, Eaton SM, Lepak NM et al. (2000) Reciprocal regulation of polarized cytokine production by effector B and T cells. Nat Immunol 1:475-82
39. Hasegawa M, Hamaguchi Y, Yanaba K, Bouaziz J-D, Uchida J, Fujimoto M et al. (2006) B-lymphocyte depletion reduces skin fibrosis and autoimmunity in the tight-skin mouse model for systemic sclerosis. Am J Pathol 169:954-66
40. Hauser SL, Waubant E, Arnold DL, Vollmer T, Antel J, Fox RJ et al. (2008) B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 358:676-88
41. Hayakawa K, Asano M, Shinton SA, Gui M, Allman D, Stewart CL et al. (1999) Positive selection of natural autoreactive B cells. Science 285:113-6
42. Hu CY, Rodriguez-Pinto D, Du W, Ahuja A, Henegariu O, Wong FS et al. (2007) Treatment with CD20-specific antibody prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes in mice. J Clin Invest 117:3857-67
43. Isenberg D, Spellerberg M, Williams W, Griffiths M, Stevenson F (1993) Identification of the 9G4 idiotope in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Rheumatol 32:876-82
44. Isenberg DA, McClure C, Farewell V, Spellerberg M, Williams W, Cambridge G et al. (1998) Correlation of 9G4 idiotope with disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 57:566-70
45. Kaneko Y, Nimmerjahn F, Ravetch JV (2006) Antiinflammatory activity of immunoglobulin G resulting from Fc sialylation. Science 313:670-3
46. Kilmon MA, Rutan JA, Clarke SH, Vilen BJ (2005) Cutting edge: low-affinity, smith antigen-specific B cells are tolerized by dendritic cells and macrophages. J Immunol 175:37-41
47. Kilmon MA, Wagner NJ, Garland AL, Lin L, Aviszus K, Wysocki LJ et al. (2007) Macrophages prevent the differentiation of autoreactive B cells by secreting CD40 ligand and interleukin-6. Blood 110:1595-1602
48. Koenig-Marrony S, Soulas P, Julien S, Knapp A-M, Garaud J-C, Martin T et al. (2001) Natural autoreactive B cells in transgenic mice reproduce an apparent paradox to the clonal tolerance theory. J Immunol 166:1463-70
49. Kumar KR, Mohan C (2008) Understanding B-cell tolerance through the use of immunoglobulin transgenic models. Immunol Res 40:208-23
50. Lampropoulou V, Hoehlig K, Roch T, Neves P, Gomez EC, Sweenie CH et al. (2008) TLR-activated B cells suppress T cell-mediated autoimmunity. J Immunol 180:4763-73
51. Li Y, Li H, Weigert M (2002) Autoreactive B cells in the marginal zone that express dual receptors. J Exp Med 195:181-8
52. Liu S, Velez M-G, Humann J, Rowland S, Conrad FJ, Halverson R et al. (2005) Receptor editing can lead to allelic inclusion and development of B cells that retain antibodies reacting with high avidity autoantigens. J Immunol 175:5067-76
53. Liu X, Manser T (2005) Antinuclear antigen B cells that down-regulate surface B cell receptor during development to mature, follicular phenotype do not display features of anergy in vitro. J Immunol 174:4505-15
54. Llorente L, Richaud-Patin Y, Garcia-Padilla C, Claret E, Jakez-Ocampo J, Cardiel MH et al. (2000) Clinical and biologic effects of anti-interleukin-10 monoclonal antibody administration in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 43:1790-800
55. Llorente L, Zou W, Levy Y, Richaud-Patin Y, Wijdenes J, Alcocer-Varela J et al. (1995) Role of interleukin 10 in the B lymphocyte hyperactivity and autoantibody production of human systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 181:839-44
56. Longhurst C, Ehrenstein MR, Leaker B, Stevenson FK, Spellerberg M, Chapman C et al. (1996) Analysis of immunoglobulin variable region genes of a human IgM anti-myeloperoxidase antibody derived from a patient with vasculitis. Immunology 87:334-8
57. Looney RJ, Anolik JH, Campbell D, Felgar RE, Young F, Arend LJ et al. (2004) B cell depletion as a novel treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus: a phase I/II dose-escalation trial of rituximab. Arthritis Rheum 50:2580-9
58. Mandik-Nayak L, Bui A, Noorchashm H, Eaton A, Erikson J (1997) Regulation of anti-double-stranded DNA B cells in nonautoimmune mice: localization to the T-B interface of the splenic follicle. J Exp Med 186:1257-67
59. Martin F, Chan AC (2006) B cell immunobiology in disease: evolving concepts from the clinic. Ann Rev Immunol 24:467-96
60. Martin F, Kearney JF (2000) Positive selection from newly formed to marginal zone B cells depends on the rate of clonal production, CD19, and btk. Immunity 12:39-49
61. Mauri C, Gray D, Mushtaq N, Londei M (2003) Prevention of arthritis by interleukin 10-producing B cells. J Exp Med 197:489-501
62. McFarland HF (2008) The B cell - old player, new position on the team. N Engl J Med 358:664-5
63. McHeyzer-Williams MG, Nossal GJ (1988) Clonal analysis of autoantibody-producing cell precursors in the preimmune B cell repertoire. J Immunol 141:4118-23
64. Medina F, Segundo C, Campos-Caro A, Gonzalez-Garcia I, Brieva JA (2002) The heterogeneity shown by human plasma cells from tonsil, blood, and bone marrow reveals graded stages of increasing maturity, but local profiles of adhesion molecule expression. Blood 99:2154-61
65. Merrell KT, Benschop RJ, Gauld SB, Aviszus K, Decote-Ricardo D, Wysocki LJ et al. (2006) Identification of anergic B cells within a wild-type repertoire. Immunity 25:953-62
66. Meyer-Bahlburg A, Andrews SF, Yu KOA, Porcelli SA, Rawlings DJ (2008) Characterization of a late transitional B cell population highly sensitive to BAFF-mediated homeostatic proliferation. J Exp Med 205:155-68
67. Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Takedatsu H, Blumberg RS, Bhan AK (2002) Chronic intestinal inflammatory condition generates IL-10-producing regulatory B cell subset characterized by CD1d upregulation. Immunity 16:219-30
68. Murakami M, Tsubata T, Okamoto M, Shimizu A, Kumagai S, Imura H et al. (1992) Antigen-induced apoptotic death of Ly-1 B cells responsible for autoimmune disease in transgenic mice. Nature 357:77-80
69. Nemazee D, Weigert M (2000) Revising B cell receptors. J Exp Med 191:1813-7
70. Noorchashm H, Bui A, Li HL, Eaton A, Mandik-Nayak L, Sokol C et al. (1999) Characterization of anergic anti-DNA B cells: B cell anergy is a T cell-independent and potentially reversible process. Int Immunol 11:765-76
71. Olson TS, Bamias G, Naganuma M, Rivera-Nieves J, Burcin TL, Ross W et al. (2004) Expanded B cell population blocks regulatory T cells and exacerbates ileitis in a murine model of Crohn disease. J Clin Invest 114:389-98
72. Potter KN, Li Y, Pascual V, Williams RC Jr, Byres LC, Spellerberg M et al. (1993) Molecular characterization of a cross-reactive idiotope on human immunoglobulins utilizing the VH4-21 gene segment. J Exp Med 178:1419-1428
73. Pugh-Bernard AE, Silverman GJ, Cappione AJ, Villano ME, Ryan DH, Insel RA et al. (2001) Regulation of inherently autoreactive VH4-34 B cells in the maintenance of human B cell tolerance. J Clin Invest 108:1061-1070
74. Reichardt P, Dornbach B, Rong S, Beissert S, Gueler F, Loser K et al. (2007) Naive B-cells generate regulatory T-cells in the presence of a mature immunological synapse. Blood 110:1519-29
75. Rettig MB, Vescio RA, Cao J, Wu CH, Lee JC, Han E et al. (1996) VH gene usage in multiple myeloma: complete absence of the VH4.21 (VH4-34) gene. Blood 87:2846-52
76. Rui L, Vinuesa CG, Blasioli J, Goodnow CC (2003) Resistance to CpG DNA-induced autoimmunity through tolerogenic B cell antigen receptor ERK signaling. Nat Immunol 4:594-600
77. Samuels J, Ng Y-S, Coupillaud C, Paget D, Meffre E (2005) Impaired early B cell tolerance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med 201:1659-67
78. Sanz I, Anolik JH, Looney RJ (2007) B cell depletion therapy in autoimmune diseases. Front Biosci 12:2546-67
79. Sanz I, Wei C, Lee FE-H, Anolik J (2008) Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of human memory B cells. Semin Immunol 20:67-82
80. Schmidt E, Hunzelmann N, Zillikens D, Brocker EB, Goebeler M (2006) Rituximab in refractory autoimmune bullous diseases. Clin Exp Dermatol 31:503-8
81. Sharif MN, Tassiulas I, Hu Y, Mecklenbrauker I, Tarakhovsky A, Ivashkiv LB (2004) IFN-{alpha} priming results in a gain of proinflammatory function by IL-10: implications for systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis. J Immunol 172:6476-81
82. Shlomchik MJ (2008) Sites and stages of autoreactive B cell activation and regulation. Immunity 28:18-28
83. Smith KGC, Light A, O'Reilly LA, Ang S-M, Strasser A, Tarlinton D (2000) bcl-2 transgene expression inhibits apoptosis in the germinal center and reveals differences in the selection of memory B cells and bone marrow antibody-forming cells. J Exp Med 191:475-84
84. Souroujon M, White-Scharf ME, Andreschwartz J, Gefter ML, Schwartz RS (1988) Preferential autoantibody reactivity of the preimmune B cell repertoire in normal mice. J Immunol 140:4173-9
85. Spellerberg MB, Chapman CJ, Mockridge CI, Isenberg DA, Stevenson FK (1995) Dual recognition of lipid A and DNA by human antibodies encoded by the VH4-21 gene: a possible link between infection and lupus. Hum Antibodies 6:52-56
86. Takemura S, Braun A, Crowson C, Kurtin PJ, Cofield RH, O'Fallon WM et al. (2001) Lymphoid neogenesis in rheumatoid synovitis. J Immunol 167:1072-80
87. Tarlinton DM (2008) Evolution in miniature: selection, survival and distribution of antigen reactive cells in the germinal centre. Immunol Cell Biol 86:133-8
88. Thorpe SJ, Turner CE, Stevenson FK, Spellerberg MB, Thorpe R, Natvig JB et al. (1998) Human monoclonal antibodies encoded by the V4-34 gene segment show cold agglutinin activity and variable multireactivity which correlates with the predicted charge of the heavy-chain variable region. Immunology 93:129-36
89. Tiller T, Tsuiji M, Yurasov S, Velinzon K, Nussenzweig MC, Wardemann H (2007) Autoreactivity in human IgG+ memory B cells. Immunity 26:205-13
90. Todd DL (2005) Rituximab in the treatment of dermatomyositis: an open-label pilot study. Arthritis Rheum 52:601-7
91. Tsuiji M, Yurasov S, Velinzon K, Thomas S, Nussenzweig MC, Wardemann H (2006) A checkpoint for autoreactivity in human IgM+ memory B cell development. J Exp Med 203:393-400
92. van Vollenhoven RF, Bieber MM, Powell MJ, Gupta PK, Bhat NM, Richards KL et al. (1999) VH4-34 encoded antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: a specific diagnostic marker that correlates with clinical disease characteristics. J Rheumatol 26:1727-33
93. Vinuesa CG, Cook MC (2001) The molecular basis of lymphoid architecture and B cell responses: implications for immunodeficiency and immunopathology. Curr Mol Med 1:689-725
94. Wang H, Shlomchik MJ (1999) Autoantigen-specific B cell activation in Fas-deficient rheumatoid factor immunoglobulin transgenic mice. J Exp Med 190:639-49
95. Wardemann H, Hammersen J, Nussenzweig MC (2004) Human autoantibody silencing by immunoglobulin light chains. J Exp Med 200:191-9
96. Wardemann H, Nussenzweig MC (2007) B-cell self-tolerance in humans. Adv Immunol 95:83-110
97. Wardemann H, Yurasov S, Schaefer A, Young JW, Meffre E, Nussenzweig MC (2003) Predominant autoantibody production by early human B-cell precursors. Science 301:1374-7
98. Wei B, Velazquez P, Turovskaya O, Spricher K, Aranda R, Kronenberg M et al. (2005) Mesenteric B cells centrally inhibit CD4+ T cell colitis through interaction with regulatory T cell subsets. Proc Natl Acad Sci 102:2010-5
99. Wei C, Anolik J, Cappione A, Zheng B, Pugh-Bernard A, Brooks J et al. (2007) A new population of cells lacking expression of CD27 represents a notable component of the B cell memory compartment in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Immunol 178:6624-33
100. Weller S, Braun MC, Tan BK, Rosenwald A, Cordier C, Conley ME et al. (2004) Human blood IgM "memory" B cells are circulating splenic marginal zone B cells harboring a pre-diversified immunoglobulin repertoire. Blood 104:3647-54
101. William J, Euler C, Christensen S, Shlomchik MJ (2002) Evolution of autoantibody responses via somatic hypermutation outside of germinal centers. Science 297:2066-70
102. Xiu Y, Wong CP, Bouaziz J-D, Hamaguchi Y, Wang Y, Pop SM et al. (2008) B lymphocyte depletion by CD20 monoclonal antibody prevents diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice despite isotype-specific differences in Fc{gamma}R effector functions. J Immunol 180:2863-75
103. Xu W, He B, Chiu A, Chadburn A, Shan M, Buldys M et al. (2007) Epithelial cells trigger frontline immunoglobulin class switching through a pathway regulated by the inhibitor SLPI. Nat Immunol 8:294-303
104. Yu S, Maiti PK, Dyson M, Jain R, Braley-Mullen H (2006) B cell-deficient NOD.H-2h4 mice have CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells that inhibit the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis. J Exp Med 203:349-58
105. Yurasov S, Wardemann H, Hammersen J, Tsuiji M, Meffre E, Pascual V et al. (2005) Defective B cell tolerance checkpoints in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Exp Med 201:703-11
106. Zhong X, Gao W, Degauque N, Bai C, Lu Y, Kenny J et al. (2007) Reciprocal generation of Th1/Th17 and Treg by B1 and B2 B cells. Eur J Immunol 37:2400-4