메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2009, Pages 107-125

Report and recommendations of the workshop of the European centre for the validation of alternative methods for drug-induced cardiotoxicity

(14)  Stummann, Tina C a   Beilmann, Mario b   Duker, Göran c   Dumotier, Berengere d   Fredriksson, J Magnus e   Jones, Robin L f   Hasiwa, Marina a   Kang, Y James g   Mandenius, Carl Fredrik e   Meyer, Thomas h   Minotti, Giorgio i   Valentin, Y Jean Pierre j   Zünkler, Bernd J k   Bremer, Susanne a  


Author keywords

Alternative tests; Arrhythmias; Cardiotoxicity; Contractility toxicity; Drugs; Ischaemia toxicity; Secondary cardiotoxicity; Valve toxicity

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE (POTASSIUM SODIUM); ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE SENSITIVE POTASSIUM CHANNEL; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; AMIODARONE; CABERGOLINE; CALCIUM CALMODULIN DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; CARVEDILOL; DEXFENFLURAMINE; EBASTINE; ERGOTAMINE; FENFLURAMINE; FLECAINIDE; ION CHANNEL; IVABRADINE; LIDOCAINE; MUSCARINIC RECEPTOR; PERGOLIDE; RYANODINE RECEPTOR 2; SALBUTAMOL; SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM CALCIUM TRANSPORTING ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; SEROTONIN AGONIST; SODIUM CALCIUM EXCHANGE PROTEIN; SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; SODIUM PROTON EXCHANGE PROTEIN; TAMOXIFEN; UNINDEXED DRUG; VERAPAMIL; VOLTAGE GATED CALCIUM CHANNEL; VOLTAGE GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL; VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNEL; CARDIOTOXIN;

EID: 77950939863     PISSN: 15307905     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12012-009-9045-3     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (40)

References (124)
  • 1
    • 4344645978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates?
    • Kola, I., & Landis, J. (2004). Can the pharmaceutical industry reduce attrition rates? Nature Reviews Drug discovery, 3, 711-715.
    • (2004) Nature Reviews Drug Discovery , vol.3 , pp. 711-715
    • Kola, I.1    Landis, J.2
  • 2
    • 0036570099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing of new black box warnings and withdrawals for prescription medications
    • Lasser, K. E., Allen, P. D., Woolhandler, S. J., Himmelstein, D. U., Wolfe, S. M., & Bor, D. H. (2002). Timing of new black box warnings and withdrawals for prescription medications. JAMA, 287, 2215-2220.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 2215-2220
    • Lasser, K.E.1    Allen, P.D.2    Woolhandler, S.J.3    Himmelstein, D.U.4    Wolfe, S.M.5    Bor, D.H.6
  • 3
    • 0030886937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the drug discovery/development interface
    • Kennedy, T. (1997). Managing the drug discovery/development interface. Drug Discovery Today, 2(9), 436-444.
    • (1997) Drug Discovery Today , vol.2 , Issue.9 , pp. 436-444
    • Kennedy, T.1
  • 6
    • 0035092543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the characteristics of safety withdrawal of prescription drugs from worldwide pharmaceuticals markets-1960 to 1999
    • Fung, M., Thornton, A., Mybeck, K., Wu, J. H., Hornbuckle, K., & Muniz, E. (2001). Evaluation of the characteristics of safety withdrawal of prescription drugs from worldwide pharmaceuticals markets-1960 to 1999. Drug Information Journal, 35, 293-317.
    • (2001) Drug Information Journal , vol.35 , pp. 293-317
    • Fung, M.1    Thornton, A.2    Mybeck, K.3    Wu, J.H.4    Hornbuckle, K.5    Muniz, E.6
  • 7
    • 48149091653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enabling technologies in reducing attrition due to safety failures
    • Car, B. (2006). Enabling technologies in reducing attrition due to safety failures. American Drug Discovery, 1, 31-34.
    • (2006) American Drug Discovery , vol.1 , pp. 31-34
    • Car, B.1
  • 9
    • 33750106228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National surveillance of emergency department visits for outpatient adverse drug events
    • Budnitz, D. S., Pollock, D. A., Weidenbach, K. N., Mendelsohn, A. B., Schroeder, T. J., & Annest, J. L. (2006). National surveillance of emergency department visits for outpatient adverse drug events. JAMA, 296, 1858-1866.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 1858-1866
    • Budnitz, D.S.1    Pollock, D.A.2    Weidenbach, K.N.3    Mendelsohn, A.B.4    Schroeder, T.J.5    Annest, J.L.6
  • 10
    • 15244362887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug withdrawals from the Canadian market for safety reasons 1963-2004
    • Lexchin, J. (2005). Drug withdrawals from the Canadian market for safety reasons, 1963-2004. CMAJ, 172, 765-767.
    • (2005) CMAJ , vol.172 , pp. 765-767
    • Lexchin, J.1
  • 11
    • 0344492207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology, clinical QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: Evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug development
    • Redfern, W. S., Carlsson, L., Davis, A. S., et al. (2003). Relationships between preclinical cardiac electrophysiology, clinical QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes for a broad range of drugs: Evidence for a provisional safety margin in drug development. Cardiovascular Research, 58, 32-45.
    • (2003) Cardiovascular Research , vol.58 , pp. 32-45
    • Redfern, W.S.1    Carlsson, L.2    Davis, A.S.3
  • 13
    • 79955436122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London: EMEA. Accessed 08 Aug 2008
    • EMEA. (2008). Guideline on repeated dose toxicity (draft). London: EMEA. http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/human/swp/ 48831307en.pdf. Accessed 08 Aug 2008.
    • (2008) Guideline on Repeated Dose Toxicity (Draft)
  • 16
    • 56349128620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in doxorubicin-induced apoptotic signaling in adult and immature cardiomyocytes
    • Konorev, E. A., Vanamala, S., & Kalyanaraman, B. (2008). Differences in doxorubicin-induced apoptotic signaling in adult and immature cardiomyocytes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 45, 1723-1728.
    • (2008) Free Radical Biology and Medicine , vol.45 , pp. 1723-1728
    • Konorev, E.A.1    Vanamala, S.2    Kalyanaraman, B.3
  • 17
    • 48149111146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zebrafish: An emerging technology for in vivo pharmacological assessment to identify potential safety liabilities in early drug discovery
    • Barros, T. P., Alderton, W. K., Reynolds, H. M., Roach, A. G., & Berghmans, S. (2008). Zebrafish: An emerging technology for in vivo pharmacological assessment to identify potential safety liabilities in early drug discovery. British Journal of Pharmacology, 154, 1400-1413.
    • (2008) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.154 , pp. 1400-1413
    • Barros, T.P.1    Alderton, W.K.2    Reynolds, H.M.3    Roach, A.G.4    Berghmans, S.5
  • 18
    • 0029147358 scopus 로고
    • Carcinoid heart disease. Correlation of high serotonin levels with valvular abnormalities detected by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography
    • Robiolio, P. A., Rigolin, V. H., Wilson, J. S., et al. (1995). Carcinoid heart disease. Correlation of high serotonin levels with valvular abnormalities detected by cardiac catheterization and echocardiography. Circulation, 92, 790-795.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 790-795
    • Robiolio, P.A.1    Rigolin, V.H.2    Wilson, J.S.3
  • 19
    • 0026723484 scopus 로고
    • Valve disease associated with ergot alkaloid use: Echocardiographic and pathologic correlations
    • Redfield, M. M., Nicholson, W. J., Edwards, W. D., & Tajik, A. J. (1992). Valve disease associated with ergot alkaloid use: Echocardiographic and pathologic correlations. Annals of Internal Medicine, 117, 50-52.
    • (1992) Annals of Internal Medicine , vol.117 , pp. 50-52
    • Redfield, M.M.1    Nicholson, W.J.2    Edwards, W.D.3    Tajik, A.J.4
  • 20
    • 33846017361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and valvular heart disease
    • Roth, B. L. (2007). Drugs and valvular heart disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 356, 6-9.
    • (2007) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.356 , pp. 6-9
    • Roth, B.L.1
  • 21
    • 0030876952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine
    • Connolly, H. M., Crary, J. L., McGoon, M. D., et al. (1997). Valvular heart disease associated with fenfluramine-phentermine. New England Journal of Medicine, 337, 581-588.
    • (1997) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.337 , pp. 581-588
    • Connolly, H.M.1    Crary, J.L.2    McGoon, M.D.3
  • 22
    • 0034610435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for possible involvement of 5-HT(2B) receptors in the cardiac valvulopathy associated with fenfluramine and other serotonergic medications
    • Rothman, R. B., Baumann, M. H., Savage, J. E., et al. (2000). Evidence for possible involvement of 5-HT(2B) receptors in the cardiac valvulopathy associated with fenfluramine and other serotonergic medications. Circulation, 102, 2836-2841.
    • (2000) Circulation , vol.102 , pp. 2836-2841
    • Rothman, R.B.1    Baumann, M.H.2    Savage, J.E.3
  • 23
    • 0038779278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ''Ecstasy'') induces fenfluramine-like proliferative actions on human cardiac valvular interstitial cells in vitro
    • Setola, V., Hufeisen, S. J., Grande-Allen, K. J., et al. (2003). 3, 4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ''Ecstasy'') induces fenfluramine-like proliferative actions on human cardiac valvular interstitial cells in vitro. Molecular Pharmacology, 63, 1223-1229.
    • (2003) Molecular Pharmacology , vol.63 , pp. 1223-1229
    • Setola, V.1    Hufeisen, S.J.2    Grande-Allen, K.J.3
  • 26
    • 0008746968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data-driven decisions: The importance of clinical trials in arrhythmia management
    • Reiffel, J. A. (1996). Data-driven decisions: The importance of clinical trials in arrhythmia management. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1, 79-88.
    • (1996) Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.1 , pp. 79-88
    • Reiffel, J.A.1
  • 27
    • 0027969015 scopus 로고
    • Computer aided development of antiarrhythmic agents with class IIIa properties
    • Hondeghem, L. M. (1994). Computer aided development of antiarrhythmic agents with class IIIa properties. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 5, 711-721.
    • (1994) Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology , vol.5 , pp. 711-721
    • Hondeghem, L.M.1
  • 29
    • 0029073610 scopus 로고
    • Basic concepts in cellular cardiac electrophysiology: Part I: Ion channels, membrane currents, and the action potential
    • Whalley, D. W., Wendt, D. J., & Grant, A. O. (1995). Basic concepts in cellular cardiac electrophysiology: Part I: Ion channels, membrane currents, and the action potential. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, 18, 1556-1574.
    • (1995) Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology , vol.18 , pp. 1556-1574
    • Whalley, D.W.1    Wendt, D.J.2    Grant, A.O.3
  • 31
    • 0027771044 scopus 로고
    • Proarrhythmic effects of the class III agent almokalant: Importance of infusion rate, QT dispersion, and early afterdepolarisations
    • Carlsson, L., Abrahamsson, C., Andersson, B., Duker, G., & Schiller-Linhardt, G. (1993). Proarrhythmic effects of the class III agent almokalant: Importance of infusion rate, QT dispersion, and early afterdepolarisations. Cardiovascular Research, 27, 2186-2193.
    • (1993) Cardiovascular Research , vol.27 , pp. 2186-2193
    • Carlsson, L.1    Abrahamsson, C.2    Andersson, B.3    Duker, G.4    Schiller-Linhardt, G.5
  • 32
    • 21244445860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreasing the infusion rate reduces the proarrhythmic risk of NS-7: Confirming the relevance of shortterm variability of repolarisation in predicting drug-induced torsades de pointes
    • Detre, E., Thomsen, M. B., Beekman, J. D., Petersen, K. U., & Vos, M. A. (2005). Decreasing the infusion rate reduces the proarrhythmic risk of NS-7: Confirming the relevance of shortterm variability of repolarisation in predicting drug-induced torsades de pointes. British Journal of Pharmacology, 145, 397-404.
    • (2005) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.145 , pp. 397-404
    • Detre, E.1    Thomsen, M.B.2    Beekman, J.D.3    Petersen, K.U.4    Vos, M.A.5
  • 33
    • 50949134255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • QT prolongation is an unreliable predictor of ventricular arrhythmia
    • Hondeghem, L. M. (2008). QT prolongation is an unreliable predictor of ventricular arrhythmia. Heart Rhythm, 5, 1210-1212.
    • (2008) Heart Rhythm , vol.5 , pp. 1210-1212
    • Hondeghem, L.M.1
  • 34
    • 33644647859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of hERG assays as surrogate markers of delayed cardiac repolarization and QT safety
    • Gintant, G. A., Su, Z., Martin, R. L., & Cox, B. F. (2006). Utility of hERG assays as surrogate markers of delayed cardiac repolarization and QT safety. Toxicologic Pathology, 34, 81-90.
    • (2006) Toxicologic Pathology , vol.34 , pp. 81-90
    • Gintant, G.A.1    Su, Z.2    Martin, R.L.3    Cox, B.F.4
  • 35
    • 0032871348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The M cell: Its contribution to the ECG and to normal and abnormal electrical function of the heart
    • Antzelevitch, C., Shimizu, W., Yan, G. X., et al. (1999). The M cell: Its contribution to the ECG and to normal and abnormal electrical function of the heart. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology, 10, 1124-1152.
    • (1999) Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology , vol.10 , pp. 1124-1152
    • Antzelevitch, C.1    Shimizu, W.2    Yan, G.X.3
  • 36
    • 0033368409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular basis for long QT, transmural dispersion of repolarization, and torsade de pointes in the long QT syndrome
    • Shimizu, W., & Antzelevitch, C. (1999). Cellular basis for long QT, transmural dispersion of repolarization, and torsade de pointes in the long QT syndrome. Journal of Electrocardiology, 32(Suppl), 177-184. (Pubitemid 30100125)
    • (1999) Journal of Electrocardiology , vol.32 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 177-184
    • Shimizu, W.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 37
    • 33747425933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 is regulated by a multiprotein complex composed of syntrophins and dystrophin
    • Gavillet, B., Rougier, J. S., Domenighetti, A. A., et al. (2006). Cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 is regulated by a multiprotein complex composed of syntrophins and dystrophin. Circulation Research, 99, 407-414.
    • (2006) Circulation Research , vol.99 , pp. 407-414
    • Gavillet, B.1    Rougier, J.S.2    Domenighetti, A.A.3
  • 39
    • 0026352605 scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of death and cardiac arrest from encainide and flecainide in patients after non-Qwave acute myocardial infarction in the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial. CAST investigators
    • Akiyama, T., Pawitan, Y., Greenberg, H., Kuo, C. S., & Reynolds- Haertle, R. A. (1991). Increased risk of death and cardiac arrest from encainide and flecainide in patients after non-Qwave acute myocardial infarction in the cardiac arrhythmia suppression trial. CAST investigators. American Journal of Cardiology, 68, 1551-1555.
    • (1991) American Journal of Cardiology , vol.68 , pp. 1551-1555
    • Akiyama, T.1    Pawitan, Y.2    Greenberg, H.3    Kuo, C.S.4    Reynolds- Haertle, R.A.5
  • 40
    • 0026499682 scopus 로고
    • Subclassification of class i antiarrhythmic drugs: Enhanced relevance after CAST
    • Campbell, T. J. (1992). Subclassification of class I antiarrhythmic drugs: Enhanced relevance after CAST. Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy, 6, 519-528.
    • (1992) Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy , vol.6 , pp. 519-528
    • Campbell, T.J.1
  • 41
    • 17144374940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiarrhythmic properties of a prior oral loading of amiodarone in in vivo canine coronary ligation/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia model: Comparison with other class III antiarrhythmic drugs
    • Nagasawa, Y., Chen, J., & Hashimoto, K. (2005). Antiarrhythmic properties of a prior oral loading of amiodarone in in vivo canine coronary ligation/reperfusion-induced arrhythmia model: Comparison with other class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Journal of Pharmacological Science, 97, 393-399.
    • (2005) Journal of Pharmacological Science , vol.97 , pp. 393-399
    • Nagasawa, Y.1    Chen, J.2    Hashimoto, K.3
  • 42
    • 84944496419 scopus 로고
    • A study of intracellular potentials and contractions in atria, including evidence for an after-potential
    • Vaughan Williams, E. M. (1959). A study of intracellular potentials and contractions in atria, including evidence for an after-potential. Journal of Physiology, 149, 78-92.
    • (1959) Journal of Physiology , vol.149 , pp. 78-92
    • Vaughan Williams, E.M.1
  • 43
    • 0034775746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aborted sudden death, transient Brugada pattern, and wide QRS dysrhythmias after massive cocaine ingestion
    • Ortega-Carnicer, J., Bertos-Polo, J., & Gutierrez-Tirado, C. (2001). Aborted sudden death, transient Brugada pattern, and wide QRS dysrhythmias after massive cocaine ingestion. Journal of Electrocardiology, 34, 345-349.
    • (2001) Journal of Electrocardiology , vol.34 , pp. 345-349
    • Ortega-Carnicer, J.1    Bertos-Polo, J.2    Gutierrez-Tirado, C.3
  • 44
    • 0027466744 scopus 로고
    • Localization of a highly conserved human potassium channel gene (NGK2-KV4; KCNC1) to chromosome 11p15
    • Ried, T., Rudy, B., Vega-Saenz, D. M., Lau, D., Ward, D. C., & Sen, K. (1993). Localization of a highly conserved human potassium channel gene (NGK2-KV4; KCNC1) to chromosome 11p15. Genomics, 15, 405-411.
    • (1993) Genomics , vol.15 , pp. 405-411
    • Ried, T.1    Rudy, B.2    Vega-Saenz, D.M.3    Lau, D.4    Ward, D.C.5    Sen, K.6
  • 45
    • 33644782827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative evaluation of HERG currents and QT intervals following challenge with suspected torsadogenic and nontorsadogenic drugs
    • Katchman, A. N., Koerner, J., Tosaka, T., Woosley, R. L., & Ebert, S. N. (2006). Comparative evaluation of HERG currents and QT intervals following challenge with suspected torsadogenic and nontorsadogenic drugs. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 316, 1098-1106.
    • (2006) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.316 , pp. 1098-1106
    • Katchman, A.N.1    Koerner, J.2    Tosaka, T.3    Woosley, R.L.4    Ebert, S.N.5
  • 47
    • 1242328681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of HERG blocking agents on cardiac electrical alternans in the guinea pig
    • Fossa, A. A., Wisialowski, T., Wolfgang, E., et al. (2004). Differential effect of HERG blocking agents on cardiac electrical alternans in the guinea pig. European Journal of Pharmacology, 486(2), 209-221.
    • (2004) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.486 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-221
    • Fossa, A.A.1    Wisialowski, T.2    Wolfgang, E.3
  • 48
    • 40949140176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiac persistent sodium current: An appealing therapeutic target?
    • Saint, D. A. (2008). The cardiac persistent sodium current: An appealing therapeutic target? British Journal of Pharmacology, 153, 1133-1142.
    • (2008) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.153 , pp. 1133-1142
    • Saint, D.A.1
  • 49
    • 3342948297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected mexiletine responses of a mutant cardiac Na channel implicate the selectivity filter as a structural determinant of antiarrhythmic drug access
    • Sasaki, K., Makita, N., Sunami, A., et al. (2004). Unexpected mexiletine responses of a mutant cardiac Na channel implicate the selectivity filter as a structural determinant of antiarrhythmic drug access. Molecular Pharmacology, 66, 330-336.
    • (2004) Molecular Pharmacology , vol.66 , pp. 330-336
    • Sasaki, K.1    Makita, N.2    Sunami, A.3
  • 50
    • 0028016257 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological properties of neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes in primary culture
    • Nuss, H. B., & Marban, E. (1994). Electrophysiological properties of neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes in primary culture. Journal of Physiology, 479, 265-279.
    • (1994) Journal of Physiology , vol.479 , pp. 265-279
    • Nuss, H.B.1    Marban, E.2
  • 51
    • 0034852125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent expression of delayed rectifier K(+) channel subunits during mouse heart development
    • Franco, D., Demolombe, S., Kupershmidt, S., et al. (2001). Divergent expression of delayed rectifier K(+) channel subunits during mouse heart development. Cardiovascular Research, 52, 65-75.
    • (2001) Cardiovascular Research , vol.52 , pp. 65-75
    • Franco, D.1    Demolombe, S.2    Kupershmidt, S.3
  • 52
    • 0032556030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current by overexpression of the long-QT syndrome HERG G628S mutation in transgenic mice
    • Babij, P., Askew, G. R., Nieuwenhuijsen, B., et al. (1998). Inhibition of cardiac delayed rectifier K+ current by overexpression of the long-QT syndrome HERG G628S mutation in transgenic mice. Circulation Research, 83, 668-678.
    • (1998) Circulation Research , vol.83 , pp. 668-678
    • Babij, P.1    Askew, G.R.2    Nieuwenhuijsen, B.3
  • 53
    • 33644818666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient outward potassium current and Ca2+ homeostasis in the heart: Beyond the action potential
    • Bassani, R. A. (2006). Transient outward potassium current and Ca2+ homeostasis in the heart: Beyond the action potential. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 39, 393-403.
    • (2006) Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research , vol.39 , pp. 393-403
    • Bassani, R.A.1
  • 54
    • 0027409152 scopus 로고
    • K+ channels and control of ventricular repolarization in the heart
    • Carmeliet, E. (1993). K+ channels and control of ventricular repolarization in the heart. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 7, 19-28.
    • (1993) Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology , vol.7 , pp. 19-28
    • Carmeliet, E.1
  • 55
    • 0029658460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complexity of the regulation of Kir2.1K+ channels
    • Ruppersberg, J. P., & Fakler, B. (1996). Complexity of the regulation of Kir2.1K+ channels. Neuropharmacology, 35, 887-893.
    • (1996) Neuropharmacology , vol.35 , pp. 887-893
    • Ruppersberg, J.P.1    Fakler, B.2
  • 56
    • 52449095304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improvement of regional myocardial blood flow and function and reduction of infarct size with ivabradine: Protection beyond heart rate reduction
    • Heusch, G., Skyschally, A., Gres, P., van Caster, P., Schilawa, D., & Schulz, R. (2009). Improvement of regional myocardial blood flow and function and reduction of infarct size with ivabradine: Protection beyond heart rate reduction. European Heart Journal, 29(18), 2265-2275.
    • (2009) European Heart Journal , vol.29 , Issue.18 , pp. 2265-2275
    • Heusch, G.1    Skyschally, A.2    Gres, P.3    Van Caster, P.4    Schilawa, D.5    Schulz, R.6
  • 60
    • 6344221484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KCNE2 protein is expressed in ventricles of different species, and changes in its expression contribute to electrical remodeling in diseased hearts
    • Jiang, M., Zhang, M., Tang, D. G., et al. (2004). KCNE2 protein is expressed in ventricles of different species, and changes in its expression contribute to electrical remodeling in diseased hearts. Circulation, 109, 1783-1788.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1783-1788
    • Jiang, M.1    Zhang, M.2    Tang, D.G.3
  • 61
    • 19444382797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ICH S7B draft guideline on the non-clinical strategy for testing delayed cardiac repolarisation risk of drugs: A critical analysis
    • Cavero, I., & Crumb, W. (2005). ICH S7B draft guideline on the non-clinical strategy for testing delayed cardiac repolarisation risk of drugs: A critical analysis. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 4, 509-530.
    • (2005) Expert Opinion on Drug Safety , vol.4 , pp. 509-530
    • Cavero, I.1    Crumb, W.2
  • 62
    • 0037708928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FKBP12.6 deficiency and defective calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) function linked to exercise-induced sudden cardiac death
    • Wehrens, X. H., Lehnart, S. E., Huang, F., et al. (2003). FKBP12.6 deficiency and defective calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) function linked to exercise-induced sudden cardiac death. Cell, 113, 829-840.
    • (2003) Cell , vol.113 , pp. 829-840
    • Wehrens, X.H.1    Lehnart, S.E.2    Huang, F.3
  • 63
    • 20244384717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective cardiac ryanodine receptor regulation during atrial fibrillation
    • Vest, J. A., Wehrens, X. H., Reiken, S. R., et al. (2005). Defective cardiac ryanodine receptor regulation during atrial fibrillation. Circulation, 111, 2025-2032.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 2025-2032
    • Vest, J.A.1    Wehrens, X.H.2    Reiken, S.R.3
  • 64
    • 0028079311 scopus 로고
    • Acetylcholine-sensitive muscarinic K+ channels in mammalian ventricular myocytes
    • Koumi, S., & Wasserstrom, J. A. (1994). Acetylcholine-sensitive muscarinic K+ channels in mammalian ventricular myocytes. American Journal of Physiology, 266, H1812-H1821.
    • (1994) American Journal of Physiology , vol.266
    • Koumi, S.1    Wasserstrom, J.A.2
  • 65
    • 0030760009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differing sympathetic and vagal effects on atrial fibrillation in dogs: Role of refractoriness heterogeneity
    • Liu, L., & Nattel, S. (1997). Differing sympathetic and vagal effects on atrial fibrillation in dogs: Role of refractoriness heterogeneity. American Journal of Physiology, 273, H805-H816.
    • (1997) American Journal of Physiology , vol.273
    • Liu, L.1    Nattel, S.2
  • 66
    • 0031005755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Truncation of Kir6.2 produces ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the absence of the sulphonylurea receptor
    • Tucker, S. J., Gribble, F. M., Zhao, C., Trapp, S., & Ashcroft, F. M. (1997). Truncation of Kir6.2 produces ATP-sensitive K+ channels in the absence of the sulphonylurea receptor. Nature, 387, 179-183.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.387 , pp. 179-183
    • Tucker, S.J.1    Gribble, F.M.2    Zhao, C.3    Trapp, S.4    Ashcroft, F.M.5
  • 68
    • 0021086270 scopus 로고
    • ATP-regulated K+ channels in cardiac muscle
    • Noma, A. (1983). ATP-regulated K+ channels in cardiac muscle. Nature, 305, 147-148.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.305 , pp. 147-148
    • Noma, A.1
  • 69
    • 85047680900 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological effects of ATP sensitive potassium channel modulation: Implications for arrhythmogenesis
    • Wilde, A. A., & Janse, M. J. (1994). Electrophysiological effects of ATP sensitive potassium channel modulation: Implications for arrhythmogenesis. Cardiovascular Research, 28, 16-24.
    • (1994) Cardiovascular Research , vol.28 , pp. 16-24
    • Wilde, A.A.1    Janse, M.J.2
  • 70
    • 0022970945 scopus 로고
    • Preconditioning with ischemia: A delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium
    • Murry, C. E., Jennings, R. B., & Reimer, K. A. (1986). Preconditioning with ischemia: A delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium. Circulation, 74, 1124-1136.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.74 , pp. 1124-1136
    • Murry, C.E.1    Jennings, R.B.2    Reimer, K.A.3
  • 72
    • 0032712510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro mechanism of action on insulin release of S-22068, a new putative antidiabetic compound
    • Le Brigand, L., Virsolvy, A., Manechez, D., et al. (1999). In vitro mechanism of action on insulin release of S-22068, a new putative antidiabetic compound. British Journal of Pharmacology, 128, 1021-1026.
    • (1999) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.128 , pp. 1021-1026
    • Le Brigand, L.1    Virsolvy, A.2    Manechez, D.3
  • 73
    • 0037183714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of recombinant K(ATP) channels by the antidiabetic agents midaglizole, LY397364 and LY389382
    • Proks, P., Treinies, I., Mest, H. J., & Trapp, S. (2002). Inhibition of recombinant K(ATP) channels by the antidiabetic agents midaglizole, LY397364 and LY389382. European Journal of Pharmacology, 452, 11-19.
    • (2002) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.452 , pp. 11-19
    • Proks, P.1    Treinies, I.2    Mest, H.J.3    Trapp, S.4
  • 75
    • 0034677959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disopyramide block of K(ATP) channels is mediated by the pore-forming subunit
    • Zunkler, B. J., Kuhne, S., Rustenbeck, I., Ott, T., & Hildebrandt, A. G. (2000). Disopyramide block of K(ATP) channels is mediated by the pore-forming subunit. Life Sciences, 66, L-52.
    • (2000) Life Sciences , vol.66
    • Zunkler, B.J.1    Kuhne, S.2    Rustenbeck, I.3    Ott, T.4    Hildebrandt, A.G.5
  • 77
    • 0037959792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of lomefloxacin and norfloxacin on pancreatic beta-cell ATP-sensitive K(+) channels
    • Zunkler, B. J., & Wos, M. (2003). Effects of lomefloxacin and norfloxacin on pancreatic beta-cell ATP-sensitive K(+) channels. Life Sciences, 73, 429-435.
    • (2003) Life Sciences , vol.73 , pp. 429-435
    • Zunkler, B.J.1    Wos, M.2
  • 78
    • 33750686052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluoroquinolones on HERG channels and on pancreatic beta-cell ATP-sensitive K+ channels
    • Zunkler, B. J., Claassen, S., Wos-Maganga, M., Rustenbeck, I., & Holzgrabe, U. (2006). Effects of fluoroquinolones on HERG channels and on pancreatic beta-cell ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Toxicology, 228, 239-248.
    • (2006) Toxicology , vol.228 , pp. 239-248
    • Zunkler, B.J.1    Claassen, S.2    Wos-Maganga, M.3    Rustenbeck, I.4    Holzgrabe, U.5
  • 79
    • 4143084025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluoroquinolones on insulin secretion and beta-cell ATPsensitive K+ channels
    • Saraya, A., Yokokura, M., Gonoi, T., & Seino, S. (2004). Effects of fluoroquinolones on insulin secretion and beta-cell ATPsensitive K+ channels. European Journal of Pharmacology, 497, 111-117.
    • (2004) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.497 , pp. 111-117
    • Saraya, A.1    Yokokura, M.2    Gonoi, T.3    Seino, S.4
  • 80
    • 29344474002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carvedilol blocks cardiac KATP and KG but not IK1 channels by acting at the bundle-crossing regions
    • Kikuta, J., Ishii, M., Kishimoto, K., & Kurachi, Y. (2006). Carvedilol blocks cardiac KATP and KG but not IK1 channels by acting at the bundle-crossing regions. European Journal of Pharmacology, 529, 47-54.
    • (2006) European Journal of Pharmacology , vol.529 , pp. 47-54
    • Kikuta, J.1    Ishii, M.2    Kishimoto, K.3    Kurachi, Y.4
  • 87
    • 0028785438 scopus 로고
    • G protein regulation of cardiac muscarinic potassium channel
    • Kurachi, Y. (1995). G protein regulation of cardiac muscarinic potassium channel. American Journal of Physiology, 269, C821-C830.
    • (1995) American Journal of Physiology , vol.269
    • Kurachi, Y.1
  • 88
    • 36448983635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More types than one: Multiple muscarinic receptor coupled K+ currents undergo remodelling in an experimental model of atrial fibrillation
    • James, A. F., & Hancox, J. C. (2007). More types than one: Multiple muscarinic receptor coupled K+ currents undergo remodelling in an experimental model of atrial fibrillation. British Journal of Pharmacology, 152, 981-983.
    • (2007) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.152 , pp. 981-983
    • James, A.F.1    Hancox, J.C.2
  • 89
    • 38949129198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart block and prolonged Q-Tc interval following muscle relaxant reversal: A case report
    • Shields, J. A. (2008). Heart block and prolonged Q-Tc interval following muscle relaxant reversal: A case report. AANA Journal, 76, 41-45.
    • (2008) AANA Journal , vol.76 , pp. 41-45
    • Shields, J.A.1
  • 91
    • 33947582886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sodium-hydrogen exchanger, cardiac overload, and myocardial hypertrophy
    • Cingolani, H. E., & Ennis, I. L. (2007). Sodium-hydrogen exchanger, cardiac overload, and myocardial hypertrophy. Circulation, 115, 1090-1100.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , pp. 1090-1100
    • Cingolani, H.E.1    Ennis, I.L.2
  • 92
    • 61449505263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in the healthy and diseased myocardium
    • Fliegel, L. (2009). Regulation of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in the healthy and diseased myocardium. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 13, 55-68.
    • (2009) Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets , vol.13 , pp. 55-68
    • Fliegel, L.1
  • 94
    • 54449085350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 is sufficient to generate Ca2+ signals that induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure
    • Nakamura, T. Y., Iwata, Y., Arai, Y., Komamura, K., & Wakabayashi, S. (2008). Activation of Na+/H+ exchanger 1 is sufficient to generate Ca2+ signals that induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Circulation Research, 103, 891-899.
    • (2008) Circulation Research , vol.103 , pp. 891-899
    • Nakamura, T.Y.1    Iwata, Y.2    Arai, Y.3    Komamura, K.4    Wakabayashi, S.5
  • 95
    • 38849139779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coexistence of hERG current block and disruption of protein trafficking in ketoconazole-induced long QT syndrome
    • Takemasa, H., Nagatomo, T., Abe, H., et al. (2008). Coexistence of hERG current block and disruption of protein trafficking in ketoconazole-induced long QT syndrome. British Journal of Pharmacology, 153, 439-447.
    • (2008) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.153 , pp. 439-447
    • Takemasa, H.1    Nagatomo, T.2    Abe, H.3
  • 96
    • 38849111329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and trafficking of ion channels: A new pro-arrhythmic threat on the horizon?
    • van der Heyden, M. A., Smits, M. E., & Vos, M. A. (2008). Drugs and trafficking of ion channels: A new pro-arrhythmic threat on the horizon? British Journal of Pharmacology, 153, 406-409.
    • (2008) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.153 , pp. 406-409
    • Van Der Heyden, M.A.1    Smits, M.E.2    Vos, M.A.3
  • 97
    • 36749056453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HERG channel trafficking: Novel targets in drug-induced long QT syndrome
    • Dennis, A., Wang, L., Wan, X., & Ficker, E. (2007). hERG channel trafficking: Novel targets in drug-induced long QT syndrome. Biochemical Society Transactions, 35, 1060-1063.
    • (2007) Biochemical Society Transactions , vol.35 , pp. 1060-1063
    • Dennis, A.1    Wang, L.2    Wan, X.3    Ficker, E.4
  • 98
    • 34248583575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of IKr and its trafficking disruption induced by probucol in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes
    • Guo, J., Massaeli, H., Li, W., et al. (2007). Identification of IKr and its trafficking disruption induced by probucol in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 321, 911-920.
    • (2007) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.321 , pp. 911-920
    • Guo, J.1    Massaeli, H.2    Li, W.3
  • 99
    • 33750480200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-induced long QT syndrome: HERG K+ channel block and disruption of protein trafficking by fluoxetine and norfluoxetine
    • Rajamani, S., Eckhardt, L. L., Valdivia, C. R., et al. (2006). Drug-induced long QT syndrome: hERG K+ channel block and disruption of protein trafficking by fluoxetine and norfluoxetine. British Journal of Pharmacology, 149, 481-489.
    • (2006) British Journal of Pharmacology , vol.149 , pp. 481-489
    • Rajamani, S.1    Eckhardt, L.L.2    Valdivia, C.R.3
  • 100
    • 33644524405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are hERG channel inhibition and QT interval prolongation all there is in drug-induced torsadogenesis? A review of emerging trends
    • Hoffmann, P., & Warner, B. (2006). Are hERG channel inhibition and QT interval prolongation all there is in drug-induced torsadogenesis? A review of emerging trends. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 53, 87-105.
    • (2006) Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods , vol.53 , pp. 87-105
    • Hoffmann, P.1    Warner, B.2
  • 101
    • 22444448510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-clinical evaluation of ventricular repolarization (ICH S7B): Results of an interim survey of international pharmaceutical companies
    • Friedrichs, G. S., Patmore, L., & Bass, A. (2005). Non-clinical evaluation of ventricular repolarization (ICH S7B): Results of an interim survey of international pharmaceutical companies. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 52, 6-11.
    • (2005) Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods , vol.52 , pp. 6-11
    • Friedrichs, G.S.1    Patmore, L.2    Bass, A.3
  • 103
  • 104
    • 36849084612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive models for HERG channel blockers: Ligand-based and structure-based approaches
    • Thai, K. M., & Ecker, G. F. (2007). Predictive models for HERG channel blockers: Ligand-based and structure-based approaches. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 14, 3003-3026.
    • (2007) Current Medicinal Chemistry , vol.14 , pp. 3003-3026
    • Thai, K.M.1    Ecker, G.F.2
  • 105
    • 0032982033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ionic targets for drug therapy and atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling: Insights from a mathematical model
    • Courtemanche, M., Ramirez, R. J., & Nattel, S. (1999). Ionic targets for drug therapy and atrial fibrillation-induced electrical remodeling: Insights from a mathematical model. Cardiovascular Research, 42, 477-489.
    • (1999) Cardiovascular Research , vol.42 , pp. 477-489
    • Courtemanche, M.1    Ramirez, R.J.2    Nattel, S.3
  • 106
    • 7444240355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The [3H]dofetilide binding assay is a predictive screening tool for hERG blockade and proarrhythmia: Comparison of intact cell and membrane preparations and effects of altering [K+]o
    • Diaz, G. J., Daniell, K., Leitza, S. T., et al. (2004). The [3H]dofetilide binding assay is a predictive screening tool for hERG blockade and proarrhythmia: Comparison of intact cell and membrane preparations and effects of altering [K+]o. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, 50, 187-199.
    • (2004) Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods , vol.50 , pp. 187-199
    • Diaz, G.J.1    Daniell, K.2    Leitza, S.T.3
  • 107
    • 17044438555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rb+ flux through hERG channels affects the potency of channel blocking drugs: Correlation with data obtained using a high-throughput Rb+ efflux assay
    • Rezazadeh, S., Hesketh, J. C., & Fedida, D. (2004). Rb+ flux through hERG channels affects the potency of channel blocking drugs: Correlation with data obtained using a high-throughput Rb+ efflux assay. Journal of Biomolecular Screening, 9, 588-597.
    • (2004) Journal of Biomolecular Screening , vol.9 , pp. 588-597
    • Rezazadeh, S.1    Hesketh, J.C.2    Fedida, D.3
  • 108
    • 33645294378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A highcapacity membrane potential FRET-based assay for NaV1.8 channels
    • Liu, C. J., Priest, B. T., Bugianesi, R. M., et al. (2006). A highcapacity membrane potential FRET-based assay for NaV1.8 channels. Assay Drug Development Technologies, 4, 37-48.
    • (2006) Assay Drug Development Technologies , vol.4 , pp. 37-48
    • Liu, C.J.1    Priest, B.T.2    Bugianesi, R.M.3
  • 109
    • 18844467600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herg encodes a K+ current highly conserved in tumors of different histogenesis: A selective advantage for cancer cells?
    • Bianchi, L., Wible, B., Arcangeli, A., et al. (1998). Herg encodes a K+ current highly conserved in tumors of different histogenesis: A selective advantage for cancer cells? Cancer Research, 58, 815-822.
    • (1998) Cancer Research , vol.58 , pp. 815-822
    • Bianchi, L.1    Wible, B.2    Arcangeli, A.3
  • 110
    • 33747102760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population patch clamp improves data consistency and success rates in the measurement of ionic currents
    • Finkel, A., Wittel, A., Yang, N., Handran, S., Hughes, J., & Costantin, J. (2006). Population patch clamp improves data consistency and success rates in the measurement of ionic currents. Journal of Biomolecular Screening, 11, 488-496.
    • (2006) Journal of Biomolecular Screening , vol.11 , pp. 488-496
    • Finkel, A.1    Wittel, A.2    Yang, N.3    Handran, S.4    Hughes, J.5    Costantin, J.6
  • 111
    • 0242353365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of action potential changes from field potential recordings in multicellular mouse cardiac myocyte cultures 2
    • Halbach, M., Egert, U., Hescheler, J., & Banach, K. (2003). Estimation of action potential changes from field potential recordings in multicellular mouse cardiac myocyte cultures 2. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 13, 271-284.
    • (2003) Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry , vol.13 , pp. 271-284
    • Halbach, M.1    Egert, U.2    Hescheler, J.3    Banach, K.4
  • 113
    • 35848964401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal murine heart slices. A robust model to study ventricular isometric contractions
    • Pillekamp, F., Halbach, M., Reppel, M., et al. (2007). Neonatal murine heart slices. A robust model to study ventricular isometric contractions. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 20, 837-846.
    • (2007) Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry , vol.20 , pp. 837-846
    • Pillekamp, F.1    Halbach, M.2    Reppel, M.3
  • 115
    • 0032480801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular basis for the normal T wave and the electrocardiographic manifestations of the long-QT syndrome
    • Yan, G. X., & Antzelevitch, C. (1998). Cellular basis for the normal T wave and the electrocardiographic manifestations of the long-QT syndrome. Circulation, 98, 1928-1936. (Pubitemid 28509291)
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , Issue.18 , pp. 1928-1936
    • Yan, G.-X.1    Antzelevitch, C.2
  • 116
    • 0035901578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instability and triangulation of the action potential predict serious proarrhythmia, but action potential duration prolongation is antiarrhythmic
    • Hondeghem, L. M., Carlsson, L., & Duker, G. (2001). Instability and triangulation of the action potential predict serious proarrhythmia, but action potential duration prolongation is antiarrhythmic. Circulation, 103, 2004-2013.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103 , pp. 2004-2013
    • Hondeghem, L.M.1    Carlsson, L.2    Duker, G.3
  • 117
    • 0025333776 scopus 로고
    • QTU-prolongation and torsades de pointes induced by putative class III antiarrhythmic agents in the rabbit: Etiology and interventions
    • Carlsson, L., Almgren, O., & Duker, G. (1990). QTU-prolongation and torsades de pointes induced by putative class III antiarrhythmic agents in the rabbit: Etiology and interventions. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, 16, 276-285.
    • (1990) Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology , vol.16 , pp. 276-285
    • Carlsson, L.1    Almgren, O.2    Duker, G.3
  • 118
    • 0028890324 scopus 로고
    • Reproducible induction of early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes arrhythmias by d-sotalol and pacing in dogs with chronic atrioventricular block
    • Vos, M. A., Verduyn, S. C., Gorgels, A. P., Lipcsei, G. C., & Wellens, H. J. (1995). Reproducible induction of early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes arrhythmias by d-sotalol and pacing in dogs with chronic atrioventricular block. Circulation, 91, 864-872.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 864-872
    • Vos, M.A.1    Verduyn, S.C.2    Gorgels, A.P.3    Lipcsei, G.C.4    Wellens, H.J.5
  • 119
    • 33644828344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro and in vivo models for testing arrhythmogenesis in drugs
    • Carlsson, L. (2006). In vitro and in vivo models for testing arrhythmogenesis in drugs. Journal of Internal Medicine, 259, 70-80.
    • (2006) Journal of Internal Medicine , vol.259 , pp. 70-80
    • Carlsson, L.1
  • 120
    • 31144473292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An increase in late sodium current potentiates the proarrhythmic activities of low-risk QT-prolonging drugs in female rabbit hearts
    • Wu, L., Shryock, J. C., Song, Y., & Belardinelli, L. (2006). An increase in late sodium current potentiates the proarrhythmic activities of low-risk QT-prolonging drugs in female rabbit hearts. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 316, 718-726.
    • (2006) Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , vol.316 , pp. 718-726
    • Wu, L.1    Shryock, J.C.2    Song, Y.3    Belardinelli, L.4
  • 124
    • 0030876316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beat-to-beatQT interval variability: Novel evidence for repolarization lability in ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
    • Berger,R.D.,Kasper,E.K., Baughman,K.L.,Marban,E., Calkins, H., & Tomaselli, G. F. (1997). Beat-to-beatQT interval variability: Novel evidence for repolarization lability in ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation, 96, 1557-1565.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 1557-1565
    • Berger, R.D.1    Kasper, E.K.2    Baughman, K.L.3    Marban, E.4    Calkins, H.5    Tomaselli, G.F.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.