Adjunctive Analgesic Therapy in Veterinary Medicine

Veterinary Clinics of North America - Small Animal Practice

Volumn 38, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1187-1203

  Lamont, Leigh A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND   (Canada)

Author keywords

Adjunctive; Analgesic; Pain

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; AMANTADINE; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANALGESIC AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; BUPRENORPHINE; BUTORPHANOL; CALCITONIN; DEXAMETHASONE; DEXMEDETOMIDINE; DIHYDROMORPHINE; FENTANYL; GABAPENTIN; HYDROMORPHONE; KETAMINE; LIDOCAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT; MEDETOMIDINE; MEXILETINE; MORPHINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; OPIATE; PAMIDRONIC ACID; PREDNISONE; PRILOCAINE; SAMARIUM 153; STRONTIUM 89; TRAMADOL; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

ADD ON THERAPY; BONE PAIN; COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG SAFETY; LOW DRUG DOSE; MONOTHERAPY; MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN; NEUROPATHIC PAIN; NONHUMAN; PAIN; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; VETERINARY MEDICINE;

ADJUVANTS, ANESTHESIA; ANALGESIA; ANALGESICS; ANIMALS; CATS; DOGS; PAIN;

EID: 54149099161     PISSN: 01955616     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2008.06.002     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Buerkle H., and Yaksh T.L. Pharmacological evidence for different alpha 2-adrenergic receptor sites mediating analgesia and sedation in the rat. Br J Anaesth 81 (1998) 208-215
2. Guo T.Z., Jiang J.Y., Buttermann A.E., et al. Dexmedetomidine injection into the locus ceruleus produces antinociception. Anesthesiology 84 (1996) 873-881
3. Sinclair M.D. A review of the physiological effects of alpha2-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. Can Vet J 44 (2003) 885-897
4. Murrell J.C., and Hellebrekers L.J. Medetomidine and dexmedetomidine: a review of cardiovascular effects and antinociceptive properties in the dog. Vet Anaesth Analg 32 (2005) 117-127
5. Granholm M., McKusick B.C., Westerholm F.C., et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy and safety of intramuscular and intravenous doses of dexmedetomidine and medetomidine in dogs and their reversal with atipamezole. Vet Rec 160 (2007) 891-897
6. Del Angel Garcia R., Castellanos Olivares A., and Munguia Miranda C. Dexmedetomidine as preventive postoperative analgesia in inguinal hernioplasty. Gac Med Mex 142 (2006) 9-12
7. Gurbet A., Basagan-Mogol E., Turker G., et al. Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine reduces perioperative analgesic requirements. Can J Anaesth 53 (2006) 646-652
8. Unlugenc H., Gunduz M., Guler T., et al. The effect of pre-anaesthetic administration of intravenous dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain in patients receiving patient-controlled morphine. Eur J Anaesthesiol 22 (2005) 386-391
9. Grimm K.A., Tranquilli W.J., Thurmon J.C., et al. Duration of nonresponse to noxious stimulation after intramuscular administration of butorphanol, medetomidine, or a butorphanol-medetomidine combination during isoflurane administration in dogs. Am J Vet Res 61 (2000) 42-47
10. Pascoe P.J., Raekallio M., Kuusela E., et al. Changes in the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane and some cardiopulmonary measurements during three continuous infusion rates of dexmedetomidine in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 33 (2006) 97-103
11. Grimm K.A., Tranquilli W.J., Gross D.R., et al. Cardiopulmonary effects of fentanyl in conscious dogs and dogs sedated with a continuous rate infusion of medetomidine. Am J Vet Res 66 (2005) 1222-1226
12. Eisenach J.C., De Kock M., and Klimscha W. Alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists for regional anesthesia. A clinical review of clonidine (1984-1995). Anesthesiology 85 (1996) 655-674
13. Eisenach J.C., Hood D.D., and Curry R. Intrathecal, but not intravenous, clonidine reduces experimental thermal or capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in normal volunteers. Anesth Analg 87 (1998) 591-596
14. De Kock M., Eisenach J., Tong C., et al. Analgesic doses of intrathecal but not intravenous clonidine increase acetylcholine in cerebrospinal fluid in humans. Anesth Analg 84 (1997) 800-803
15. Sabbe M.B., Penning J.P., Ozaki G.T., et al. Spinal and systemic action of the alpha 2 receptor agonist dexmedetomidine in dogs. Antinociception and carbon dioxide response. Anesthesiology 80 (1994) 1057-1072
16. Branson K.R., Ko J.C., Tranquilli W.J., et al. Duration of analgesia induced by epidurally administered morphine and medetomidine in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 16 (1993) 369-372
17. Gentili M., Juhel A., and Bonnet F. Peripheral analgesic effect of intra-articular clonidine. Pain 64 (1996) 593-596
18. Joshi W., Reuben S.S., Kilaru P.R., et al. Postoperative analgesia for outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery with intraarticular clonidine and/or morphine. Anesth Analg 90 (2000) 1102-1106
19. Lamont L.A., and Lemke K.A. The effects of medetomidine on radial nerve blockade with mepivacaine in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 35 1 (2008) 62-68
20. Gutstein H.B., and Akil H. Opioid analgesics. In: Harman J.G., Limbird L.E., and Goodman Gilman A. (Eds). Goodman and Gilman's: the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 10th edition (2001), McGraw-Hill, New York 569
21. Dayer P., Desmeules J., and Collart L. Pharmacology of tramadol. Drugs 53 Suppl 2 (1997) 18-24
22. Desmeules J.A., Piguet V., Collart L., et al. Contribution of monoaminergic modulation to the analgesic effect of tramadol. Br J Clin Pharmacol 41 (1996) 7-12
23. Arbaiza D., and Vidal O. Tramadol in the treatment of neuropathic cancer pain: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Drug Investig 27 (2007) 75-83
24. But A.K., Erdil F., Yucel A., et al. The effects of single-dose tramadol on post-operative pain and morphine requirements after coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 51 (2007) 601-606
25. Buvanendran A., and Kroin J.S. Useful adjuvants for postoperative pain management. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 21 (2007) 31-49
26. Cepeda M.S., Camargo F., Zea C., et al. Tramadol for osteoarthritis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheumatol 34 (2007) 543-555
27. Prommer E.E. Tramadol: does it have a role in cancer pain management?. J Opioid Manag 1 (2005) 131-138
28. Pyati S., and Gan T.J. Perioperative pain management. CNS Drugs 21 (2007) 185-211
29. Mastrocinque S., and Fantoni D.T. A comparison of preoperative tramadol and morphine for the control of early postoperative pain in canine ovariohysterectomy. Vet Anaesth Analg 30 (2003) 220-228
30. KuKanich B., and Papich M.G. Pharmacokinetics of tramadol and the metabolite O-desmethyltramadol in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 27 (2004) 239-246
31. Gardner J.S., Blough D., Drinkard C.R., et al. Tramadol and seizures: a surveillance study in a managed care population. Pharmacotherapy 20 (2000) 1423-1431
32. Davies S.N., and Lodge D. Evidence for involvement of N-methylaspartate receptors in 'wind-up' of class 2 neurones in the dorsal horn of the rat. Brain Res 424 (1987) 402-406
33. Dickenson A.H., and Sullivan A.F. Evidence for a role of the NMDA receptor in the frequency dependent potentiation of deep rat dorsal horn nociceptive neurones following C fibre stimulation. Neuropharmacology 26 (1987) 1235-1238
34. Lodge D., Anis N.A., and Burton N.R. Effects of optical isomers of ketamine on excitation of cat and rat spinal neurones by amino acids and acetylcholine. Neurosci Lett 29 (1982) 281-286
35. Zukin S.R., Fitz-Syage M.L., Nichtenhauser R., et al. Specific binding of [3H]phencyclidine in rat central nervous tissue: further characterization and technical considerations. Brain Res 258 (1983) 277-284
36. Bell R.F., Dahl J.B., Moore R.A., et al. Perioperative ketamine for acute postoperative pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1 (2006) CD004603
37. Michelet P., Guervilly C., Helaine A., et al. Adding ketamine to morphine for patient-controlled analgesia after thoracic surgery: influence on morphine consumption, respiratory function, and nocturnal desaturation. Br J Anaesth 99 (2007) 396-403
38. Galinski M., Dolveck F., Combes X., et al. Management of severe acute pain in emergency settings: ketamine reduces morphine consumption. Am J Emerg Med 25 (2007) 385-390
39. Chizh B.A., and Headley P.M. NMDA antagonists and neuropathic pain-multiple drug targets and multiple uses. Curr Pharm Des 11 (2005) 2977-2994
40. Correll G.E., Maleki J., Gracely E.J., et al. Subanesthetic ketamine infusion therapy: a retrospective analysis of a novel therapeutic approach to complex regional pain syndrome. Pain Med 5 (2004) 263-275
41. Aida S., Yamakura T., Baba H., et al. Preemptive analgesia by intravenous low-dose ketamine and epidural morphine in gastrectomy: a randomized double-blind study. Anesthesiology 92 (2000) 1624-1630
42. Fu E.S., Miguel R., and Scharf J.E. Preemptive ketamine decreases postoperative narcotic requirements in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 84 (1997) 1086-1090
43. Muir III W.W., Wiese A.J., and March P.A. Effects of morphine, lidocaine, ketamine, and morphine-lidocaine-ketamine drug combination on minimum alveolar concentration in dogs anesthetized with isoflurane. Am J Vet Res 64 (2003) 1155-1160
44. Solano A.M., Pypendop B.H., Boscan P.L., et al. Effect of intravenous administration of ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in anesthetized dogs. Am J Vet Res 67 (2006) 21-25
45. Pascoe P.J., Ilkiw J.E., Craig C., et al. The effects of ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats. Vet Anaesth Analg 34 (2007) 31-39
46. Slingsby L.S., and Waterman-Pearson A.E. The post-operative analgesic effects of ketamine after canine ovariohysterectomy-a comparison between pre- or post-operative administration. Res Vet Sci 69 (2000) 147-152
47. Wagner A.E., Walton J.A., Hellyer P.W., et al. Use of low doses of ketamine administered by constant rate infusion as an adjunct for postoperative analgesia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 221 (2002) 72-75
48. Sarrau S., Jourdan J., Dupuis-Soyris F., et al. Effects of postoperative ketamine infusion on pain control and feeding behaviour in bitches undergoing mastectomy. J Small Anim Pract 48 12 (2007) 670-676
49. Wang X., Xie H., and Wang G. Improved postoperative analgesia with coadministration of preoperative epidural ketamine and midazolam. J Clin Anesth 18 (2006) 563-569
50. Borner M., Burkle H., Trojan S., et al. Intra-articular ketamine after arthroscopic knee surgery: optimisation of postoperative analgesia. Anaesthesist 18 8 (2006) 563-569
51. Lynch M.E., Clark A.J., Sawynok J., et al. Topical amitriptyline and ketamine in neuropathic pain syndromes: an open-label study. J Pain 6 (2005) 644-649
52. Tan P.H., Cheng J.T., Kuo C.H., et al. Preincisional subcutaneous infiltration of ketamine suppresses postoperative pain after circumcision surgery. Clin J Pain 23 (2007) 214-218
53. Acosta A.D., Gomar C., Correa-Natalini C., et al. Analgesic effects of epidurally administered levogyral ketamine alone or in combination with morphine on intraoperative and postoperative pain in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Am J Vet Res 66 (2005) 54-61
54. Duque J.C., Valadao C.A., Farias A., et al. Pre-emptive epidural ketamine or S(+)-ketamine in post-incisional pain in dogs: a comparative study. Vet Surg 33 (2004) 361-367
55. Hamilton S.M., Johnston S.A., and Broadstone R.V. Evaluation of analgesia provided by the administration of epidural ketamine in dogs with a chemically induced synovitis. Vet Anaesth Analg 32 (2005) 30-39
56. Lupp A., Lucking C.H., Koch R., et al. Inhibitory effects of the antiparkinsonian drugs memantine and amantadine on N-methyl-D-aspartate-evoked acetylcholine release in the rabbit caudate nucleus in vitro. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 263 (1992) 717-724
57. Blanpied T.A., Boeckman F.A., Aizenman E., et al. Trapping channel block of NMDA-activated responses by amantadine and memantine. J Neurophysiol 77 (1997) 309-323
58. Blanpied T.A., Clarke R.J., and Johnson J.W. Amantadine inhibits NMDA receptors by accelerating channel closure during channel block. J Neurosci 25 (2005) 3312-3322
59. Snijdelaar D.G., Koren G., and Katz J. Effects of perioperative oral amantadine on postoperative pain and morphine consumption in patients after radical prostatectomy: results of a preliminary study. Anesthesiology 100 (2004) 134-141
60. Kleinbohl D., Gortelmeyer R., Bender H.J., et al. Amantadine sulfate reduces experimental sensitization and pain in chronic back pain patients. Anesth Analg 102 (2006) 840-847
61. Lascelles B.D., Gaynor J., Smith E.S., et al. Evaluation of amantadine as part of a multimodal analgesic regimen for the alleviation of refractory canine osteoarthritis pain. J Vet Intern Med 22 1 (2008) 53-59
62. Field M.J., Cox P.J., Stott E., et al. Identification of the alpha2-delta-1 subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels as a molecular target for pain mediating the analgesic actions of pregabalin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103 (2006) 17537-17542
63. Tiippana E.M., Hamunen K., Kontinen V.K., et al. Do surgical patients benefit from perioperative gabapentin/pregabalin? A systematic review of efficacy and safety. Anesth Analg 104 (2007) 1545-1556 [table of contents]
64. Mathiesen O., Moiniche S., and Dahl J.B. Gabapentin and postoperative pain; a qualitative and quantitative systematic review, with focus on procedure. BMC Anesthesiol 7 (2007) 6
65. Peng P.W., Wijeysundera D.N., and Li C.C. Use of gabapentin for perioperative pain control-a meta-analysis. Pain Res Manag 12 (2007) 85-92
66. Ho K.Y., Gan T.J., and Habib A.S. Gabapentin and postoperative pain-a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Pain 126 (2006) 91-101
67. Hurley R.W., Cohen S.P., Williams K.A., et al. The analgesic effects of perioperative gabapentin on postoperative pain: a meta-analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med 31 (2006) 237-247
68. Seib R.K., and Paul J.E. Preoperative gabapentin for postoperative analgesia: a meta-analysis. Can J Anaesth 53 (2006) 461-469
69. Sihoe A.D., Lee T.W., Wan I.Y., et al. The use of gabapentin for post-operative and post-traumatic pain in thoracic surgery patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 29 (2006) 795-799
70. Turan A., Kaya G., Karamanlioglu B., et al. Effect of oral gabapentin on postoperative epidural analgesia. Br J Anaesth 96 (2006) 242-246
71. Turan A., White P.F., Karamanlioglu B., et al. Gabapentin: an alternative to the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors for perioperative pain management. Anesth Analg 102 (2006) 175-181
72. Pandey C.K., Priye S., Ambesh S.P., et al. Prophylactic gabapentin for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Postgrad Med 52 (2006) 97-100
73. Boileau C., Martel-Pelletier J., Brunet J., et al. Oral treatment with PD-0200347, an alpha2delta ligand, reduces the development of experimental osteoarthritis by inhibiting metalloproteinases and inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and synthesis in cartilage chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum 52 (2005) 488-500
74. Radulovic L.L., Turck D., von Hodenberg A., et al. Disposition of gabapentin (Neurontin) in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. Drug Metab Dispos 23 (1995) 441-448
75. Vollmer K.O., von Hodenberg A., and Kolle E.U. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of gabapentin in rat, dog and man. Arzneimittelforschung 36 (1986) 830-839
76. Devor M., Wall P.D., and Catalan N. Systemic lidocaine silences ectopic neuroma and DRG discharge without blocking nerve conduction. Pain 48 (1992) 261-268
77. Jaffe R.A., and Rowe M.A. Subanesthetic concentrations of lidocaine selectively inhibit a nociceptive response in the isolated rat spinal cord. Pain 60 (1995) 167-174
78. Kaba A., Laurent S.R., Detroz B.J., et al. Intravenous lidocaine infusion facilitates acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic colectomy. Anesthesiology 106 (2007) 11-18 [discussion: 5-6]
79. Koppert W., Weigand M., Neumann F., et al. Perioperative intravenous lidocaine has preventive effects on postoperative pain and morphine consumption after major abdominal surgery. Anesth Analg 98 (2004) 1050-1055 [table of contents]
80. Groudine S.B., Fisher H.A., Kaufman Jr. R.P., et al. Intravenous lidocaine speeds the return of bowel function, decreases postoperative pain, and shortens hospital stay in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Anesth Analg 86 (1998) 235-239
81. Nunes de Moraes A., Dyson D.H., O'Grady M.R., et al. Plasma concentrations and cardiovascular influence of lidocaine infusions during isoflurane anesthesia in healthy dogs and dogs with subaortic stenosis. Vet Surg 27 (1998) 486-497
82. Valverde A., Doherty T.J., Hernandez J., et al. Effect of lidocaine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 31 (2004) 264-271
83. Ko J., Weil A., Maxwell L., et al. Plasma concentrations of lidocaine in dogs following lidocaine patch application. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 43 (2007) 280-283
84. Smith L.J., Bentley E., Shih A., et al. Systemic lidocaine infusion as an analgesic for intraocular surgery in dogs: a pilot study. Vet Anaesth Analg 31 (2004) 53-63
85. Pypendop B.H., and Ilkiw J.E. The effects of intravenous lidocaine administration on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in cats. Anesth Analg 100 (2005) 97-101
86. Pypendop B.H., and Ilkiw J.E. Assessment of the hemodynamic effects of lidocaine administered IV in isoflurane-anesthetized cats. Am J Vet Res 66 (2005) 661-668
87. Thomasy S.M., Pypendop B.H., Ilkiw J.E., et al. Pharmacokinetics of lidocaine and its active metabolite, monoethylglycinexylidide, after intravenous administration of lidocaine to awake and isoflurane-anesthetized cats. Am J Vet Res 66 (2005) 1162-1166
88. Pypendop B.H., Ilkiw J.E., and Robertson S.A. Effects of intravenous administration of lidocaine on the thermal threshold in cats. Am J Vet Res 67 (2006) 16-20
89. Milner R.J., Farese J., Henry C.J., et al. Bisphosphonates and cancer. J Vet Intern Med 18 (2004) 597-604
90. Tomlin J.L., Sturgeon C., Pead M.J., et al. Use of the bisphosphonate drug alendronate for palliative management of osteosarcoma in two dogs. Vet Rec 147 (2000) 129-132
91. Fan T.M., de Lorimier L.P., Charney S.C., et al. Evaluation of intravenous pamidronate administration in 33 cancer-bearing dogs with primary or secondary bone involvement. J Vet Intern Med 19 (2005) 74-80
92. Fan T.M., de Lorimier L.P., O'Dell-Anderson K., et al. Single-agent pamidronate for palliative therapy of canine appendicular osteosarcoma bone pain. J Vet Intern Med 21 (2007) 431-439
93. de Lorimier L.P., and Fan T.M. Bone metabolic effects of single-dose zoledronate in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 19 (2005) 924-927
94. Martin-Jimenez T., de Lorimier L.P., Fan T.M., et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single dose of zoledronate in healthy dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 30 (2007) 492-495