메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 512-522

Ageing and life-long maintenance of T-cell subsets in the face of latent persistent infections

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; CYTOKINE RECEPTOR; DNA; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 15; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 7; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3;

EID: 46249132015     PISSN: 14741733     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nri2318     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (355)

References (126)
  • 1
    • 0030035583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The aging immune system: Primer and prospectus
    • Miller, R. A. The aging immune system: primer and prospectus. Science 273, 70-74 (1996).
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 70-74
    • Miller, R.A.1
  • 2
    • 1142275269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in lymphocyte development and function
    • Linton, P. J. & Dorshkind, K. Age-related changes in lymphocyte development and function. Nature Immunol. 5, 133-139 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 133-139
    • Linton, P.J.1    Dorshkind, K.2
  • 3
    • 20344364855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunosenescence: A problem of lymphopoiesis, homeostasis, microenvironment, and signaling
    • Rev
    • Cambier, J. Immunosenescence: a problem of lymphopoiesis, homeostasis, microenvironment, and signaling. Immunol. Rev. 205, 5-6 (2005).
    • (2005) Immunol , vol.205 , pp. 5-6
    • Cambier, J.1
  • 4
    • 0002549618 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologic and statistical characteristics of the United States elderly population
    • eds Finch, C. E. & Schneider, E. L, Van Nostrand Reihnold Co, New York
    • Brody, J. A. & Brock, D. B. Epidemiologic and statistical characteristics of the United States elderly population, in Handbook of the Biology of Aging Vol. 185 (eds Finch, C. E. & Schneider, E. L.) 3-42 (Van Nostrand Reihnold Co., New York, 1985).
    • (1985) Handbook of the Biology of Aging , vol.185 , pp. 3-42
    • Brody, J.A.1    Brock, D.B.2
  • 5
    • 0035804857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the United States, 1995-1998: Opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era
    • Robinson, K. A. et al. Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in the United States, 1995-1998: opportunities for prevention in the conjugate vaccine era. JAMA 285, 1729-1735 (2001).
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 1729-1735
    • Robinson, K.A.1
  • 6
    • 0019060204 scopus 로고
    • The effect of aging on the susceptibility to infection
    • Gardner, I. The effect of aging on the susceptibility to infection. Rev. Infect. Dis. 2, 801-810 (1980).
    • (1980) Rev. Infect. Dis , vol.2 , pp. 801-810
    • Gardner, I.1
  • 7
    • 23944490475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memory T cell homeostasis and senescence during aging
    • Akbar, A. N. & Fletcher, J. M. Memory T cell homeostasis and senescence during aging. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 17, 480-485 (2005).
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 480-485
    • Akbar, A.N.1    Fletcher, J.M.2
  • 8
    • 0344304396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haynes, L., Eaton, S. M., Burns, E. M., Randall, T. D. & Swain, S. L. CD4 T cell memory derived from young naive cells functions well into old age, but memory generated from aged naive cells functions poorly. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 15053-15058 (2003).
    • Haynes, L., Eaton, S. M., Burns, E. M., Randall, T. D. & Swain, S. L. CD4 T cell memory derived from young naive cells functions well into old age, but memory generated from aged naive cells functions poorly. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 15053-15058 (2003).
  • 9
    • 0035284902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Garcia, G. G. & Miller, R. A. Single-cell analyses reveal two defects in peptide-specific activation of naive T cells from aged mice. J. Immunol. 166, 3151-3157 (2001). This work demonstrates at a single-cell level the existence of age-related proximal defects in T-cell signalling.
    • Garcia, G. G. & Miller, R. A. Single-cell analyses reveal two defects in peptide-specific activation of naive T cells from aged mice. J. Immunol. 166, 3151-3157 (2001). This work demonstrates at a single-cell level the existence of age-related proximal defects in T-cell signalling.
  • 10
    • 0033523712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin 2, but not other common γ chain-binding cytokines, can reverse the defect in generation of CD4 effector T cells from naive T cells of aged mice
    • Haynes, L., Linton, P. J., Eaton, S. M., Tonkonogy, S. L. & Swain, S. L. Interleukin 2, but not other common γ chain-binding cytokines, can reverse the defect in generation of CD4 effector T cells from naive T cells of aged mice. J. Exp. Med. 190, 1013-1024 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Exp. Med , vol.190 , pp. 1013-1024
    • Haynes, L.1    Linton, P.J.2    Eaton, S.M.3    Tonkonogy, S.L.4    Swain, S.L.5
  • 11
    • 0028533569 scopus 로고
    • The role of interleukin-6 in certain age-related diseases
    • Ershler, W. B., Sun, W. H. & Binkley, N. The role of interleukin-6 in certain age-related diseases. Drugs Aging 5, 358-365 (1994).
    • (1994) Drugs Aging , vol.5 , pp. 358-365
    • Ershler, W.B.1    Sun, W.H.2    Binkley, N.3
  • 12
    • 0032718159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune system in the elderly: II. Specific cellular immunity
    • Ginaldi, L. et al. The immune system in the elderly: II. Specific cellular immunity. Immunol. Res. 20, 109-115 (1999).
    • (1999) Immunol. Res , vol.20 , pp. 109-115
    • Ginaldi, L.1
  • 14
    • 0032921202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen presentation in the immune response to infectious diseases
    • Pamer, E. G. Antigen presentation in the immune response to infectious diseases. Clin. Infect. Dis. 28, 714-716 (1999).
    • (1999) Clin. Infect. Dis , vol.28 , pp. 714-716
    • Pamer, E.G.1
  • 16
    • 33745510691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunity and age: Living in the past?
    • Woodland, D. L. & Blackman, M. A. Immunity and age: living in the past? Trends Immunol. 27, 303-307 (2006).
    • (2006) Trends Immunol , vol.27 , pp. 303-307
    • Woodland, D.L.1    Blackman, M.A.2
  • 17
    • 33751321211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular senescence, epigenetic switches and c-Myc
    • Guney, I. & Sedivy, J. M. Cellular senescence, epigenetic switches and c-Myc. Cell Cycle 5, 2319-2323 (2006).
    • (2006) Cell Cycle , vol.5 , pp. 2319-2323
    • Guney, I.1    Sedivy, J.M.2
  • 18
    • 0346786303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can we say that senescent cells cause ageing?
    • Bird, J., Ostler, E. L. & Faragher, R. G. Can we say that senescent cells cause ageing? Exp. Gerontol. 38, 1319-1326 (2003).
    • (2003) Exp. Gerontol , vol.38 , pp. 1319-1326
    • Bird, J.1    Ostler, E.L.2    Faragher, R.G.3
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0037470539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics and the specificity of the aging process
    • Hekimi, S. & Guarente, L. Genetics and the specificity of the aging process. Science 299, 1351-1354 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , pp. 1351-1354
    • Hekimi, S.1    Guarente, L.2
  • 21
    • 0347115922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Masoro, E. J. Physiology of aging. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 11 , S218-S222 (2001).
    • Masoro, E. J. Physiology of aging. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 11 , S218-S222 (2001).
  • 22
    • 0037204529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between scylla and charybdis: P53 links tumor suppression and aging
    • Campisi, J. Between scylla and charybdis: p53 links tumor suppression and aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 123, 567-573 (2002).
    • (2002) Mech. Ageing Dev , vol.123 , pp. 567-573
    • Campisi, J.1
  • 23
    • 0036159676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of naive and memory T-cell homeostasis
    • Surh, C. D. & Sprent, J. Regulation of naive and memory T-cell homeostasis. Microbes Infect. 4, 51-56 (2002).
    • (2002) Microbes Infect , vol.4 , pp. 51-56
    • Surh, C.D.1    Sprent, J.2
  • 24
    • 18944379196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many faces of IL-7: From lymphopoiesis to peripheral T cell maintenance
    • Fry, T. J. & Mackall, C. L. The many faces of IL-7: from lymphopoiesis to peripheral T cell maintenance. J. Immunol. 174, 6571-6576 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Immunol , vol.174 , pp. 6571-6576
    • Fry, T.J.1    Mackall, C.L.2
  • 25
    • 3242666182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is immunosenescence infectious?
    • This opinion piece lists the contemporary evidence and makes the case for the role of latent viral infections in ageing of the immune system
    • Pawelec, G. et al. Is immunosenescence infectious? Trends Immunol. 25, 406-410 (2004). This opinion piece lists the contemporary evidence and makes the case for the role of latent viral infections in ageing of the immune system.
    • (2004) Trends Immunol , vol.25 , pp. 406-410
    • Pawelec, G.1
  • 26
    • 36549049289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zúñiga-Pflücker, J. C. & van den Brink, M. R. Giving T cells a chance to come back. Semin. Immunol. 19, 279 (2007).
    • Zúñiga-Pflücker, J. C. & van den Brink, M. R. Giving T cells a chance to come back. Semin. Immunol. 19, 279 (2007).
  • 27
    • 0018833714 scopus 로고
    • Thymus migration: Quantitative studies on the rate of migration of cells from the thymus to the periphery in mice
    • Scollay, R., Butcher, E. & Weissman, I. Thymus migration: quantitative studies on the rate of migration of cells from the thymus to the periphery in mice. Eur. J. Immunol. 10, 210 (1980).
    • (1980) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.10 , pp. 210
    • Scollay, R.1    Butcher, E.2    Weissman, I.3
  • 28
    • 33744826033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymic output in aged mice
    • An elegant insight into the decrease of thymic function with ageing in mice
    • Hale, J. S., Boursalian, T. E., Turk, G. L. & Fink, P. J. Thymic output in aged mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 8447-8452 (2006). An elegant insight into the decrease of thymic function with ageing in mice.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 8447-8452
    • Hale, J.S.1    Boursalian, T.E.2    Turk, G.L.3    Fink, P.J.4
  • 29
    • 0032101049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the thymus and recent thymic migrants in the maintenance of the adult peripheral lymphocyte pool
    • Berzins, S. P., Boyd, R. L. & Miller, J. F. A. P. The role of the thymus and recent thymic migrants in the maintenance of the adult peripheral lymphocyte pool. J. Exp. Med. 187, 1839-1848 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Exp. Med , vol.187 , pp. 1839-1848
    • Berzins, S.P.1    Boyd, R.L.2    Miller, J.F.A.P.3
  • 30
    • 4544241811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerance, not immunity, crucially depends on IL-2
    • Malek, T. R. & Bayer, A. L. Tolerance, not immunity, crucially depends on IL-2. Nature Rev. Immunol. 4, 665-674 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Rev. Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 665-674
    • Malek, T.R.1    Bayer, A.L.2
  • 31
    • 0033554726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions
    • Sallusto, F., Lenig, D., Förster, R., Lipp, M. & Lanzavecchia, A. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 401, 708-712 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 708-712
    • Sallusto, F.1    Lenig, D.2    Förster, R.3    Lipp, M.4    Lanzavecchia, A.5
  • 33
    • 0037124366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + cells
    • + cells. J. Exp. Med. 195, 1523-1532 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Exp. Med , vol.195 , pp. 1523-1532
    • Tan, J.1
  • 34
    • 0027140283 scopus 로고
    • Unexpected expansions of CD8-bearing cells in old mice
    • This study provides the first description of age-related T-cell clonal expansions
    • Callahan, J. E., Kappler, J. W. & Marrack, P. Unexpected expansions of CD8-bearing cells in old mice. J. Immunol. 151, 6657-6669 (1993). This study provides the first description of age-related T-cell clonal expansions.
    • (1993) J. Immunol , vol.151 , pp. 6657-6669
    • Callahan, J.E.1    Kappler, J.W.2    Marrack, P.3
  • 35
    • 0034080178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population biology of lymphocytes: The fight for survival
    • Freitas, A. A. & Rocha, B. Population biology of lymphocytes: the fight for survival. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 18, 83-111 (2000).
    • (2000) Annu. Rev. Immunol , vol.18 , pp. 83-111
    • Freitas, A.A.1    Rocha, B.2
  • 37
    • 27744519400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fuel feeds function: Energy metabolism and the T-cell response
    • Fox, C. J., Hammerman, P. S. & Thompson, C. B. Fuel feeds function: energy metabolism and the T-cell response. Nature Rev. Immunol. 5, 844-852 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Rev. Immunol , vol.5 , pp. 844-852
    • Fox, C.J.1    Hammerman, P.S.2    Thompson, C.B.3
  • 38
    • 17144411571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cell aging: Naive but not young
    • Nikolich-Žugich, J. T cell aging: naive but not young. J. Exp. Med. 201, 837-840 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med , vol.201 , pp. 837-840
    • Nikolich-Žugich, J.1
  • 39
    • 2142644403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory cytokines overcome age-related defects in CD4 T cell responses in vivo
    • Haynes, L., Eaton, S. M., Burns, E. M., Rincon, M. & Swain, S. L. Inflammatory cytokines overcome age-related defects in CD4 T cell responses in vivo. J. Immunol. 172, 5194-5199 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Immunol , vol.172 , pp. 5194-5199
    • Haynes, L.1    Eaton, S.M.2    Burns, E.M.3    Rincon, M.4    Swain, S.L.5
  • 40
    • 17144418549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newly generated CD4 T cells in aged animals do not exhibit age-related defects in response to antigen
    • Haynes, L., Eaton, S. M., Buns, E. M., Randall, T. D. & Swain, S. L. Newly generated CD4 T cells in aged animals do not exhibit age-related defects in response to antigen. J. Exp. Med. 201, 845-851 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med , vol.201 , pp. 845-851
    • Haynes, L.1    Eaton, S.M.2    Buns, E.M.3    Randall, T.D.4    Swain, S.L.5
  • 41
    • 0025820876 scopus 로고
    • Influences of dietary restriction on immunity to influenza in aged mice
    • Effros, R. B., Walford, R. L., Weindruch, R. & Mitcheltree, C. Influences of dietary restriction on immunity to influenza in aged mice. J. Gerontol. 46, B142-B147 (1991).
    • (1991) J. Gerontol , vol.46
    • Effros, R.B.1    Walford, R.L.2    Weindruch, R.3    Mitcheltree, C.4
  • 42
    • 0031449597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early activation defects in T lymphocytes from aged mice
    • Miller, R. A., Garcia, G., Kirk, C. J. & Witkowski, J. M. Early activation defects in T lymphocytes from aged mice. Immunol. Rev. 160, 79-90 (1997).
    • (1997) Immunol. Rev , vol.160 , pp. 79-90
    • Miller, R.A.1    Garcia, G.2    Kirk, C.J.3    Witkowski, J.M.4
  • 43
    • 20344391892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T cells in aging mice: Genetic, developmental, and biochemical analyses
    • Miller, R. A. et al. T cells in aging mice: genetic, developmental, and biochemical analyses. Immunol. Rev. 205, 94-103 (2005).
    • (2005) Immunol. Rev , vol.205 , pp. 94-103
    • Miller, R.A.1
  • 44
  • 45
    • 23044433011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging and T cell development: Interplay between progenitors and their environment
    • Zediak, V. P. & Bhandoola, A. Aging and T cell development: interplay between progenitors and their environment. Semin. Immunol. 17, 337-346 (2005).
    • (2005) Semin. Immunol , vol.17 , pp. 337-346
    • Zediak, V.P.1    Bhandoola, A.2
  • 47
    • 0037320932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymopoiesis independent of common lymphoid progenitors
    • Allman, D. et al. Thymopoiesis independent of common lymphoid progenitors. Nature Immunol. 4, 168-174 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 168-174
    • Allman, D.1
  • 48
    • 0042383366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + lymphoid-restricted bone marrow cells with T precursor potential
    • + lymphoid-restricted bone marrow cells with T precursor potential. Nature Immunol. 4, 866-873 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Immunol , vol.4 , pp. 866-873
    • Martin, C.H.1
  • 49
    • 0042931219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The decline in B lymphopoiesis in aged mice reflects loss of very early B-lineage precursors
    • Miller, J. P. & Allman, D. The decline in B lymphopoiesis in aged mice reflects loss of very early B-lineage precursors. J. Immunol. 171, 2326-2330 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Immunol , vol.171 , pp. 2326-2330
    • Miller, J.P.1    Allman, D.2
  • 50
    • 2942700206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in the developmental potential of intrathymic T cell progenitors with age
    • Min, H., Montecino-Rodriguez, E. & Dorshkind, K. Reduction in the developmental potential of intrathymic T cell progenitors with age. J. Immunol. 173, 245-250 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 245-250
    • Min, H.1    Montecino-Rodriguez, E.2    Dorshkind, K.3
  • 51
    • 0025797420 scopus 로고
    • Age influence on the thymic capacity to promote differentiation of T cells: Induction of different composition of T cell subsets by aging thymus
    • Utsuyama, M., Kasai, M., Kurashima, C. & Hirokawa, K. Age influence on the thymic capacity to promote differentiation of T cells: induction of different composition of T cell subsets by aging thymus. Mech. Ageing Dev. 58, 267-277 (1991).
    • (1991) Mech. Ageing Dev , vol.58 , pp. 267-277
    • Utsuyama, M.1    Kasai, M.2    Kurashima, C.3    Hirokawa, K.4
  • 52
    • 33748853950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stemming the tide of thymic aging
    • Chidgey, A. P. & Boyd, R. L. Stemming the tide of thymic aging. Nature Immunol. 7, 1013-1016 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Immunol , vol.7 , pp. 1013-1016
    • Chidgey, A.P.1    Boyd, R.L.2
  • 53
    • 23844486206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of castration on thymocyte development in two different models of thymic involution
    • Heng, T. S. et al. Effects of castration on thymocyte development in two different models of thymic involution. J. Immunol. 175, 2982-2993 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Immunol , vol.175 , pp. 2982-2993
    • Heng, T.S.1
  • 54
    • 33745202622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-15 induces CD4 effector memory T cell production and tissue emigration in nonhuman primates
    • Picker, L. J. et al. IL-15 induces CD4 effector memory T cell production and tissue emigration in nonhuman primates. J. Clin. Invest. 116, 1514-1524 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Clin. Invest , vol.116 , pp. 1514-1524
    • Picker, L.J.1
  • 55
    • 0037443464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-7 therapy dramatically alters peripheral T-cell homeostasis in normal and SIV-infected nonhuman primates
    • Fry, T. J. et al. IL-7 therapy dramatically alters peripheral T-cell homeostasis in normal and SIV-infected nonhuman primates. Blood 101, 2294-2299 (2003).
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 2294-2299
    • Fry, T.J.1
  • 56
    • 0030873556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential requirements for survival and proliferation of CD8 naive or memory T cells
    • Tanchot, C., Lemonnier, F. A., Pérarnau, B., Freitas, A. A. & Rocha, B. Differential requirements for survival and proliferation of CD8 naive or memory T cells. Science 276, 2057-2062 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 2057-2062
    • Tanchot, C.1    Lemonnier, F.A.2    Pérarnau, B.3    Freitas, A.A.4    Rocha, B.5
  • 58
    • 0036224475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naive to memory T-cell differentiation during homeostasis-driven proliferation
    • Ge, Q., Hu, H., Eisen, H. N. & Chen, J. Naive to memory T-cell differentiation during homeostasis-driven proliferation. Microbes Infect. 4, 555-558 (2002).
    • (2002) Microbes Infect , vol.4 , pp. 555-558
    • Ge, Q.1    Hu, H.2    Eisen, H.N.3    Chen, J.4
  • 59
    • 0034698931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naive T cells transiently acquire a memory-like phenotype during homeostasis-driven proliferation
    • Goldrath, A. W., Bogatzki, L. Y. & Bevan, M. J. Naive T cells transiently acquire a memory-like phenotype during homeostasis-driven proliferation. J. Exp. Med. 192, 557-564 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med , vol.192 , pp. 557-564
    • Goldrath, A.W.1    Bogatzki, L.Y.2    Bevan, M.J.3
  • 61
    • 38049174331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dramatic increase in naive T cell turnover is linked to loss of naive T cells from old primates
    • Cicin-Sain, L. et al. Dramatic increase in naive T cell turnover is linked to loss of naive T cells from old primates. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 19960-19965 (2007).
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 19960-19965
    • Cicin-Sain, L.1
  • 62
    • 21044451726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naylor, K. et al. The influence of age on T cell generation and TCR diversity. J. Immunol. 174, 7446-7452 (2005). References 61 and 62 provide essential evidence for increased turnover and concomitant loss of naive T cells in ageing primates and humans, respectively.
    • Naylor, K. et al. The influence of age on T cell generation and TCR diversity. J. Immunol. 174, 7446-7452 (2005). References 61 and 62 provide essential evidence for increased turnover and concomitant loss of naive T cells in ageing primates and humans, respectively.
  • 63
    • 0027976958 scopus 로고
    • Clonal populations of T cells in normal elderly humans: The T cell equivalent to "benign monoclonal gammapathy
    • Posnett, D. N., Sinha, S., Kabak, S. & Russo, C. Clonal populations of T cells in normal elderly humans: the T cell equivalent to "benign monoclonal gammapathy". J. Exp. Med. 179, 609-617 (1994).
    • (1994) J. Exp. Med , vol.179 , pp. 609-617
    • Posnett, D.N.1    Sinha, S.2    Kabak, S.3    Russo, C.4
  • 64
    • 0034283662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related dysregulation in CD8 T cell homeostasis: Kinetics of a diversity loss
    • LeMaoult, J. et al. Age-related dysregulation in CD8 T cell homeostasis: kinetics of a diversity loss. J. Immunol. 165, 2367-2373 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Immunol , vol.165 , pp. 2367-2373
    • LeMaoult, J.1
  • 65
    • 0020340236 scopus 로고
    • Limiting dilution analysis of IL-2 production: Studies of age, genotype, and regulatory interactions
    • Miller, R. A. & Stutman, O. Limiting dilution analysis of IL-2 production: studies of age, genotype, and regulatory interactions. Lymphokine Res. 1, 79-86 (1982).
    • (1982) Lymphokine Res , vol.1 , pp. 79-86
    • Miller, R.A.1    Stutman, O.2
  • 66
    • 0020500246 scopus 로고
    • The immune response of aged mice to influenza: Diminished T-cell proliferation, interleukin 2 production and cytotoxicity
    • Effros, R. B. & Walford, R. L. The immune response of aged mice to influenza: diminished T-cell proliferation, interleukin 2 production and cytotoxicity. Cell. Immunol. 81, 298-305 (1983).
    • (1983) Cell. Immunol , vol.81 , pp. 298-305
    • Effros, R.B.1    Walford, R.L.2
  • 67
    • 0019402106 scopus 로고
    • Lymphokines and aging: Interleukin-2 production and activity in aged animals
    • Thoman, M. L. & Weigle, W. O. Lymphokines and aging: interleukin-2 production and activity in aged animals. J. Immunol. 127, 2102-2106 (1981).
    • (1981) J. Immunol , vol.127 , pp. 2102-2106
    • Thoman, M.L.1    Weigle, W.O.2
  • 68
    • 0037012030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-associated thymic atrophy is linked to a decline in IL-7 production
    • Andrew, D. & Aspinall, R. Age-associated thymic atrophy is linked to a decline in IL-7 production. Exp. Gerontol. 37, 455-463 (2002).
    • (2002) Exp. Gerontol , vol.37 , pp. 455-463
    • Andrew, D.1    Aspinall, R.2
  • 70
    • 4444284575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dose effect of IL-7 on thymocyte development
    • El Kassar, N. et al. A dose effect of IL-7 on thymocyte development. Blood 104, 1419-1427 (2004).
    • (2004) Blood , vol.104 , pp. 1419-1427
    • El Kassar, N.1
  • 71
    • 33747789572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell clonal expansions express elevated levels of CD122 and CD127 and display defects in perceiving homeostatic signals
    • + T cell clonal expansions express elevated levels of CD122 and CD127 and display defects in perceiving homeostatic signals. J. Immunol. 177, 2784-2792 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Immunol , vol.177 , pp. 2784-2792
    • Messaoudi, I.1    Warner, J.2    Nikolich-Žugich, J.3
  • 72
    • 4444374862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells in vivo
    • + T cells in vivo. J. Virol. 78, 9740-9749 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Virol , vol.78 , pp. 9740-9749
    • Moniuszko, M.1
  • 73
    • 6344226099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-7 gene therapy in aging restores early thymopoiesis without reversing involution
    • Phillips, J. A. et al. IL-7 gene therapy in aging restores early thymopoiesis without reversing involution. J. Immunol. 173, 4867-4874 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Immunol , vol.173 , pp. 4867-4874
    • Phillips, J.A.1
  • 74
    • 36549083330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-human primate models of T-cell reconstitution
    • Nikolich-Žugich, J. Non-human primate models of T-cell reconstitution. Semin. Immunol. 19, 310-317 (2007).
    • (2007) Semin. Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 310-317
    • Nikolich-Žugich, J.1
  • 75
    • 0031439721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathogenesis of herpetic ocular disease
    • Thomas, J. & Rouse, B. T. Immunopathogenesis of herpetic ocular disease. Immunol. Res. 16, 375-386 (1997).
    • (1997) Immunol. Res , vol.16 , pp. 375-386
    • Thomas, J.1    Rouse, B.T.2
  • 76
    • 14744281718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term cytomegalovirus infection leads to significant changes in the composition of the CD8 T-cell repertoire, which may be the basis for an imbalance in the cytokine production profile in elderly persons
    • Almanzar, G. et al. Long-term cytomegalovirus infection leads to significant changes in the composition of the CD8 T-cell repertoire, which may be the basis for an imbalance in the cytokine production profile in elderly persons. J. Virol. 79, 3675-3683 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Virol , vol.79 , pp. 3675-3683
    • Almanzar, G.1
  • 77
    • 0035915757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related change in peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and cytomegalovirus infection in the very old: The Swedish longitudinal OCTO immune study
    • Olsson, J. et al. Age-related change in peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations and cytomegalovirus infection in the very old: the Swedish longitudinal OCTO immune study. Mech. Ageing Dev. 121, 187-201 (2000).
    • (2000) Mech. Ageing Dev , vol.121 , pp. 187-201
    • Olsson, J.1
  • 78
    • 0001593941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytomegaloviruses and their replication
    • 4th edn eds Knipe, D. M. & Howley, P. M, Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
    • Mocarski, E. S. & Courcelle, C. T. Cytomegaloviruses and their replication, in Fields Virology 4th edn (eds Knipe, D. M. & Howley, P. M.) 2629-2674 (Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2001).
    • (2001) Fields Virology , pp. 2629-2674
    • Mocarski, E.S.1    Courcelle, C.T.2
  • 79
    • 0014981952 scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of a carrier state for Herpesvirus tamarinus in Marmosets
    • Murphy, B. L., Maynard, J. E., Krushak, D. H. & Fields, R. M. Occurrence of a carrier state for Herpesvirus tamarinus in Marmosets. Appl. Microbiol. 21, 50-52 (1971).
    • (1971) Appl. Microbiol , vol.21 , pp. 50-52
    • Murphy, B.L.1    Maynard, J.E.2    Krushak, D.H.3    Fields, R.M.4
  • 81
    • 3042853050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune evasion by gamma-herpesviruses
    • Stevenson, P. G. Immune evasion by gamma-herpesviruses. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 16, 456-462 (2004).
    • (2004) Curr. Opin. Immunol , vol.16 , pp. 456-462
    • Stevenson, P.G.1
  • 82
    • 28344452653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dancing with the enemy: The interplay of herpes simplex virus with dendritic cells
    • Novak, N. & Peng, W. M. Dancing with the enemy: the interplay of herpes simplex virus with dendritic cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 142, 405-410 (2005).
    • (2005) Clin. Exp. Immunol , vol.142 , pp. 405-410
    • Novak, N.1    Peng, W.M.2
  • 83
    • 46249130964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pass, R. F. Cytomegalovirus, in Fields Virology 4th edn (eds Knipe, D. M. & Howley, P. M.) 2675-2706 (Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2001).
    • Pass, R. F. Cytomegalovirus, in Fields Virology 4th edn (eds Knipe, D. M. & Howley, P. M.) 2675-2706 (Lippincot Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2001).
  • 84
    • 24344489044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects
    • + T cells dominate the memory compartments of exposed subjects. J. Exp. Med. 202, 673-685 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Exp. Med , vol.202 , pp. 673-685
    • Sylwester, A.W.1
  • 85
    • 33644833785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genome-wide analysis reveals a highly diverse CD8 T cell response to murine cytomegalovirus
    • Munks, M. W. et al. Genome-wide analysis reveals a highly diverse CD8 T cell response to murine cytomegalovirus. J. Immunol. 176, 3760-3766 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Immunol , vol.176 , pp. 3760-3766
    • Munks, M.W.1
  • 86
    • 0034131201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immunogenicity of human and murine cytomegaloviruses
    • Reddehase, M. J. The immunogenicity of human and murine cytomegaloviruses. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 12, 390-396 (2000).
    • (2000) Curr. Opin. Immunol , vol.12 , pp. 390-396
    • Reddehase, M.J.1
  • 87
    • 1642503829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells accumulate in the elderly
    • + T cells accumulate in the elderly. Exp. Gerontol. 39, 607-613 (2004).
    • (2004) Exp. Gerontol , vol.39 , pp. 607-613
    • Ouyang, Q.1
  • 88
    • 0037442113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells over time
    • + T cells over time. J. Immunol. 170, 2022-2029 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Immunol , vol.170 , pp. 2022-2029
    • Karrer, U.1
  • 89
    • 0037825764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T lymphocytes bearing receptors for a single dominant CMV epitope in the very old
    • + T lymphocytes bearing receptors for a single dominant CMV epitope in the very old. J. Clin. Immunol. 23, 247-257 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Clin. Immunol , vol.23 , pp. 247-257
    • Ouyang, Q.1
  • 90
    • 20544476197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immune risk phenotype, cognitive impairment, and survival in very late life: Impact of allostatic load in Swedish octogenarian and nonagenarian humans
    • Wikby, A. et al. An immune risk phenotype, cognitive impairment, and survival in very late life: impact of allostatic load in Swedish octogenarian and nonagenarian humans. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 60, 556-565 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci , vol.60 , pp. 556-565
    • Wikby, A.1
  • 91
    • 32044433093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal studies of clonally expanded CD8 T cells reveal a repertoire shrinkage predicting mortality and an increased number of dysfunctional cytomegalovirus-specific T cells in the very elderly
    • An outstanding longitudinal study of an ageing Swedish population that suggests a strong impact of CMV on the ageing immune system
    • Hadrup, S. R. et al. Longitudinal studies of clonally expanded CD8 T cells reveal a repertoire shrinkage predicting mortality and an increased number of dysfunctional cytomegalovirus-specific T cells in the very elderly. J. Immunol. 176, 2645-2653 (2006). An outstanding longitudinal study of an ageing Swedish population that suggests a strong impact of CMV on the ageing immune system.
    • (2006) J. Immunol , vol.176 , pp. 2645-2653
    • Hadrup, S.R.1
  • 92
    • 0031715277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of CD8 T cells is essential for the prevention of multiple-organ cytomegalovirus histopathology after bone marrow transplantation
    • Podlech, J., Holtappels, R., Wirtz, N., Steffens, H. P. & Reddehase, M. J. Reconstitution of CD8 T cells is essential for the prevention of multiple-organ cytomegalovirus histopathology after bone marrow transplantation. J. Gen. Virol. 79, 2099-2104 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Gen. Virol , vol.79 , pp. 2099-2104
    • Podlech, J.1    Holtappels, R.2    Wirtz, N.3    Steffens, H.P.4    Reddehase, M.J.5
  • 93
    • 0034468083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • lo memory-effector cell pool during latent murine cytomegalovirus infection of the lungs. J. Virol. 74, 11495-11503 (2000). This work showed for the first time that accumulation of antigen-specific T cells occurs late after CMV infection.
    • lo memory-effector cell pool during latent murine cytomegalovirus infection of the lungs. J. Virol. 74, 11495-11503 (2000). This work showed for the first time that accumulation of antigen-specific T cells occurs late after CMV infection.
  • 94
    • 0036132831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two antigenic peptides from genes m123 and m164 of murine cytomegalovirus quantitatively dominate CD8 T-cell memory in the H-2d haplotype
    • Holtappels, R., Thomas, D., Podlech, J. & Reddehase, M. J. Two antigenic peptides from genes m123 and m164 of murine cytomegalovirus quantitatively dominate CD8 T-cell memory in the H-2d haplotype. J. Virol. 76, 151-164 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Virol , vol.76 , pp. 151-164
    • Holtappels, R.1    Thomas, D.2    Podlech, J.3    Reddehase, M.J.4
  • 95
    • 0033948906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The putative natural killer decoy early gene m04 (gp34) of murine cytomegalovirus encodes an antigenic peptide recognized by protective antiviral CD8 T cells
    • Holtappels, R. et al. The putative natural killer decoy early gene m04 (gp34) of murine cytomegalovirus encodes an antigenic peptide recognized by protective antiviral CD8 T cells. J. Virol. 74, 1871-1884 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Virol , vol.74 , pp. 1871-1884
    • Holtappels, R.1
  • 96
    • 17444366583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell populations after murine cytomegalovirus infection
    • + T cell populations after murine cytomegalovirus infection. Eur. J. Immunol. 35, 1113-1123 (2005).
    • (2005) Eur. J. Immunol , vol.35 , pp. 1113-1123
    • Sierro, S.1    Rothkopf, R.2    Klenerman, P.3
  • 97
    • 14044271514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells into the nervous system following ocular herpes simplex virus-1 infection
    • + T cells into the nervous system following ocular herpes simplex virus-1 infection. J. Immunol. 174, 2919-2925 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Immunol , vol.174 , pp. 2919-2925
    • Lang, A.1    Nikolich-Žugich, J.2
  • 98
    • 44449158272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T-cell memory specific for a persistent virus is independent of viral replication. J. Immunol. 180, 4848-4857(2008). This study reveals that localized, niche-limited latent herpesvirus may not have an impact on immune senescence.
    • + T-cell memory specific for a persistent virus is independent of viral replication. J. Immunol. 180, 4848-4857(2008). This study reveals that localized, niche-limited latent herpesvirus may not have an impact on immune senescence.
  • 99
    • 29644443961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular, cellular, and antigen requirements for development of age-associated T cell clonal expansions in vivo
    • Messaoudi, I., Warner, J., Nikolich-Žugich, D., Fischer, M. & Nikolich-Žugich, J. Molecular, cellular, and antigen requirements for development of age-associated T cell clonal expansions in vivo. J. Immunol. 176, 301-308 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Immunol , vol.176 , pp. 301-308
    • Messaoudi, I.1    Warner, J.2    Nikolich-Žugich, D.3    Fischer, M.4    Nikolich-Žugich, J.5
  • 100
    • 35748976568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell clonal expansions develop from memory T cell pools established by acute respiratory virus infections. J. Immunol. 179, 3535-3542 (2007). This study shows that age-related T-cell clonal expansions can be specific for acute, long-cleared pathogens, suggesting that homeostatic disturbances have an important role in the onset of these abnormalities.
    • + T cell clonal expansions develop from memory T cell pools established by acute respiratory virus infections. J. Immunol. 179, 3535-3542 (2007). This study shows that age-related T-cell clonal expansions can be specific for acute, long-cleared pathogens, suggesting that homeostatic disturbances have an important role in the onset of these abnormalities.
  • 101
    • 33846955443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell populations reveals sustained, functional and mature responses
    • + T cell populations reveals sustained, functional and mature responses. Immun. Ageing 3, 11 (2006).
    • (2006) Immun. Ageing , vol.3 , pp. 11
    • Komatsu, H.1
  • 102
    • 33750572203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone marrow transplantation from a pediatric donor with a high frequency of cytomegalovirus-specific T-cells
    • Komatsu, H. et al. Bone marrow transplantation from a pediatric donor with a high frequency of cytomegalovirus-specific T-cells. J. Med. Virol. 78, 1616-1623 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Med. Virol , vol.78 , pp. 1616-1623
    • Komatsu, H.1
  • 103
    • 33749338938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cell survival in HIV infection
    • + T cell survival in HIV infection. J. Exp. Med. 203, 2281-2292 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med , vol.203 , pp. 2281-2292
    • Petrovas, C.1
  • 104
    • 33846600398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The road to recovery: Translating PD-1 biology into clinical benefit
    • Riley, J. L. & June, C. H. The road to recovery: translating PD-1 biology into clinical benefit. Trends Immunol. 28, 48-50 (2007).
    • (2007) Trends Immunol , vol.28 , pp. 48-50
    • Riley, J.L.1    June, C.H.2
  • 105
    • 33750499311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-10 determines viral clearance or persistence in vivo
    • Brooks, D. G. et al. Interleukin-10 determines viral clearance or persistence in vivo. Nature Med. 12, 1301-1309 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Med , vol.12 , pp. 1301-1309
    • Brooks, D.G.1
  • 106
    • 0042206627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells expressing the inhibitory killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1)
    • + T cells expressing the inhibitory killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1). Exp. Gerontol. 38, 911-920 (2003).
    • (2003) Exp. Gerontol , vol.38 , pp. 911-920
    • Ouyang, Q.1
  • 107
    • 0037561928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells
    • + T cells. Blood 101, 2711-2720 (2003).
    • (2003) Blood , vol.101 , pp. 2711-2720
    • Brenchley, J.M.1
  • 108
    • 33745810216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation history dictates memory CD8 T cell phenotype: Implications for prime-boost vaccination
    • Masopust, D., Ha, S. J., Vezys, V. & Ahmed, R. Stimulation history dictates memory CD8 T cell phenotype: implications for prime-boost vaccination. J. Immunol. 177, 831-839 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Immunol , vol.177 , pp. 831-839
    • Masopust, D.1    Ha, S.J.2    Vezys, V.3    Ahmed, R.4
  • 109
    • 33845875194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T lymphocytes with cellular maturation
    • + T lymphocytes with cellular maturation. J. Exp. Med. 203, 2865-2877 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med , vol.203 , pp. 2865-2877
    • Casazza, J.P.1
  • 110
    • 0026445567 scopus 로고
    • Lifespan of lymphocyte subsets defined by CD45 isoforms
    • Michie, C. A., McLean, A., Alcock, C. & Beverley, P. C. Lifespan of lymphocyte subsets defined by CD45 isoforms. Nature 360, 264-265 (1992).
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 264-265
    • Michie, C.A.1    McLean, A.2    Alcock, C.3    Beverley, P.C.4
  • 112
    • 0033983785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is immune senescence reversible?
    • Beverley, P. C. & Grubek-Loebenstein, B. Is immune senescence reversible? Vaccine 18, 1721-1724 (2000).
    • (2000) Vaccine , vol.18 , pp. 1721-1724
    • Beverley, P.C.1    Grubek-Loebenstein, B.2
  • 113
    • 0033787565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aging of lymphocytes and lymphocytes in the aged
    • Globerson, A. & Effros, R. Aging of lymphocytes and lymphocytes in the aged. Immunol. Today 21, 515-521 (2000).
    • (2000) Immunol. Today , vol.21 , pp. 515-521
    • Globerson, A.1    Effros, R.2
  • 114
    • 34648828497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PD-1 expression on human CD8 T cells depends on both state of differentiation and activation status
    • Sauce, D. et al. PD-1 expression on human CD8 T cells depends on both state of differentiation and activation status. AIDS 21, 2005-2013 (2007).
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 2005-2013
    • Sauce, D.1
  • 115
    • 33748947326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression
    • Day, C. L. et al. PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression. Nature 443, 350-354 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature , vol.443 , pp. 350-354
    • Day, C.L.1
  • 116
    • 0036135578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and homeostasis of T cell memory in rhesus macaque
    • Pitcher, J. C. et al. Development and homeostasis of T cell memory in rhesus macaque. J. Immunol. 168, 29-43 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Immunol , vol.168 , pp. 29-43
    • Pitcher, J.C.1
  • 117
    • 0142214639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic and functional T-cell aging in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): Differential behavior of CD8 and CD4 subsets
    • Jankovic, V., Messaoudi, I. & Nikolich-Žugich, J. Phenotypic and functional T-cell aging in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): differential behavior of CD8 and CD4 subsets. Blood 102, 3244-3251 (2003).
    • (2003) Blood , vol.102 , pp. 3244-3251
    • Jankovic, V.1    Messaoudi, I.2    Nikolich-Žugich, J.3
  • 118
    • 0036682492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T cells that re-express CD45RA are apoptosisresistant memory cells that retain replicative potential
    • + T cells that re-express CD45RA are apoptosisresistant memory cells that retain replicative potential. Blood 100, 933-940 (2002).
    • (2002) Blood , vol.100 , pp. 933-940
    • Dunne, P.J.1
  • 119
    • 34249824297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • + T(EMRA) cells in early infection are linked to control of HIV-1 viremia and predict the subsequent viral load set point
    • + T(EMRA) cells in early infection are linked to control of HIV-1 viremia and predict the subsequent viral load set point. J. Virol. 81, 5759-5765 (2007).
    • (2007) J. Virol , vol.81 , pp. 5759-5765
    • Northfield, J.W.1
  • 120
    • 9244265523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Messaoudi, I., Lemaoult, J., Guevara-Patino, J. A., Metzner, B. M. & Nikolich-Žugich, J. Age-related CD8 T cell clonal expansions constrict CD8 T cell repertoire and have the potential to impair immune defense. J. Exp. Med. 200, 1347-1358 (2004). This manuscript shows that constriction of the T-cell repertoire by uncontrolled T-cell clonal expansions can erode protective immunity.
    • Messaoudi, I., Lemaoult, J., Guevara-Patino, J. A., Metzner, B. M. & Nikolich-Žugich, J. Age-related CD8 T cell clonal expansions constrict CD8 T cell repertoire and have the potential to impair immune defense. J. Exp. Med. 200, 1347-1358 (2004). This manuscript shows that constriction of the T-cell repertoire by uncontrolled T-cell clonal expansions can erode protective immunity.
  • 121
    • 34249005003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herpesvirus latency confers symbiotic protection from bacterial infection
    • An elegant demonstration of beneficial effects of latent herpesvirus infections by crossprotection against unrelated pathogens
    • Barton, E. S. et al. Herpesvirus latency confers symbiotic protection from bacterial infection. Nature 447, 326-329 (2007). An elegant demonstration of beneficial effects of latent herpesvirus infections by crossprotection against unrelated pathogens.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.447 , pp. 326-329
    • Barton, E.S.1
  • 122
    • 0033981997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to improved influenza vaccination
    • Betts, R. F. & Treanor, J. J. Approaches to improved influenza vaccination. Vaccine 18, 1690-1695 (2000).
    • (2000) Vaccine , vol.18 , pp. 1690-1695
    • Betts, R.F.1    Treanor, J.J.2
  • 123
    • 33745451585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The immune risk phenotype is associated with IL-6 in the terminal decline stage: Findings from the Swedish NONA immune longitudinal study of very late life functioning
    • Wikby, A. et al. The immune risk phenotype is associated with IL-6 in the terminal decline stage: findings from the Swedish NONA immune longitudinal study of very late life functioning. Mech. Ageing Dev. 127, 695-704 (2006).
    • (2006) Mech. Ageing Dev , vol.127 , pp. 695-704
    • Wikby, A.1
  • 124
    • 33845898766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delay of T cell senescence by caloric restriction in aged long-lived nonhuman primates
    • Messaoudi, I. et al. Delay of T cell senescence by caloric restriction in aged long-lived nonhuman primates. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 103, 19448-19453 (2006).
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 19448-19453
    • Messaoudi, I.1
  • 125
    • 0032425810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed immune aging in diet-restricted B6CBAT6 F1 mice is associated with preservation of naive T cells
    • Chen, J., Astle, C. M. & Harrison, D. E. Delayed immune aging in diet-restricted B6CBAT6 F1 mice is associated with preservation of naive T cells. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 53, B330-B337 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci , vol.53
    • Chen, J.1    Astle, C.M.2    Harrison, D.E.3
  • 126
    • 0034698828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeostasis-stimulated proliferation drives naive T cells to differentiate directly into memory T cells
    • Cho, B. K., Rao, V. P., Ge, Q., Eisen, H. N. & Chen, J. Homeostasis-stimulated proliferation drives naive T cells to differentiate directly into memory T cells. J. Exp. Med. 192, 549-556 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Exp. Med , vol.192 , pp. 549-556
    • Cho, B.K.1    Rao, V.P.2    Ge, Q.3    Eisen, H.N.4    Chen, J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.