Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A/B in prostate and breast cancers

Endocrine-Related Cancer

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 367-390

  Tan, Shyh Han ^a   Nevalainen, Marja T ^a  

^a THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

JANUS KINASE 2; STAT5 PROTEIN;

APOPTOSIS; BREAST CANCER; BREAST EPITHELIUM; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER MODEL; CARCINOGENESIS; CELL DEATH; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL GROWTH; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL VIABILITY; CHROMOSOME MAP; DIMERIZATION; ENZYME ACTIVATION; HUMAN; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; MAMMARY GLAND; NONHUMAN; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SUMOYLATION; TUMOR GROWTH; UBIQUITINATION;

BREAST NEOPLASMS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PROSTATIC NEOPLASMS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STAT5 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS;

EID: 45849116295     PISSN: 13510088     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1677/ERC-08-0013     Document Type: Review

References (226)

1. Aaronson DS & Horvath CM 2002 A road map for those who don't know JAK-STAT. Science 296 1653-1655.
2. Ahonen TJ, Harkonen PL, Laine J, Rui H, Martikainen PM & Nevalainen MT 1999 Prolactin is a survival factor for androgen-deprived rat dorsal and lateral prostate epithelium in organ culture. Endocrinology 140 5412-5421.
3. Ahonen TJ, Harkonen PL, Rui H & Nevalainen MT 2002 PRL signal transduction in the epithelial compartment of rat prostate maintained as long-term organ cultures in vitro. Endocrinology 143 228-238.
4. Ahonen TJ, Xie J, LeBaron MJ, Zhu J, Nurmi M, Alanen K, Rui H & Nevalainen MT 2003 Inhibition of transcription factor Stat5 induces cell death of human prostate cancer cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 27287-27292.
5. Alers JC, Rochat J, Krijtenburg PJ, Hop WC, Kranse R, Rosenberg C, Tanke HJ, Schroder FH & van Dekken H 2000 Identification of genetic markers for prostatic cancer progression. Laboratory Investigation 80 931-942.
6. Alexander WS & Hilton DJ 2004 The role of suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins in regulation of the immune response. Annual Review of Immunology 22 503-529.
7. Aoki N & Matsuda T 2000 A cytosolic protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B specifically dephosphorylates and deactivates prolactin-activated STAT5a and STAT5b. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 39718-39726.
8. Aoki N & Matsuda T 2002 A nuclear protein tyrosine phosphatase TC-PTP is a potential negative regulator of the PRL-mediated signaling pathway: dephosphorylation and deactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a and 5b by TC-PTP in nucleus. Molecular Endocrinology 16 58-69.
9. Barahmand-pour F, Meinke A, Eilers A, Gouilleux F, Groner B & Decker T 1995 Colony-stimulating factors and interferon-gamma activate a protein related to MGF-Stat 5 to cause formation of the differentiation-induced factor in myeloid cells. FEBS Letters 360 29-33.
10. Bartz R, Zhou J, Hsieh JT, Ying Y, Li W & Liu P 2008 Caveolin-1 secreting LNCaP cells induce tumor growth of caveolin-1 negative LNCaP cells in vivo. International Journal of Cancer 122 520-525.
11. Baxter EJ, Scott LM, Campbell PJ, East C, Fourouclas N, Swanton S, Vassiliou GS, Bench AJ, Boyd EM, Curtin N et al. 2005 Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders. Lancet 365 1054-1061.
12. Becker S, Groner B & Muller CW 1998 Three-dimensional structure of the Stat3beta homodimer bound to DNA. Nature 394 145-151.
13. Beuvink I, Hess D, Flotow H, Hofsteenge J, Groner B & Hynes NE 2000 Stat5a serine phosphorylation. Serine 779 is constitutively phosphorylated in the mammary gland, and serine 725 phosphorylation influences prolactin-stimulated in vitro DNA binding activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 10247-10255.
14. Bova GS & Isaacs WB 1996 Review of allelic loss and gain in prostate cancer. World Journal of Urology 14 338-346.
15. Bratthauer GL, Strauss BL & Tavassoli FA 2006 STAT 5a expression in various lesions of the breast. Virchows Archiv 448 165-171.
16. Brisken C, Kaur S, Chavarria TE, Binart N, Sutherland RL. Weinberg RA, Kelly PA & Ormandy CJ 1999 Prolactin controls mammary gland development via direct and indirect mechanisms. Developmental Biology 210 96-106.
17. Chatterjee-Kishore M, Wright KL, Ting JP & Stark GR 2000 How Stat1 mediates constitutive gene expression: a complex of unphosphorylated Stat1 and IRF1 supports transcription of the LMP2 gene. EMBO Journal 19 4111-4122.
18. Chen J, Sadowski HB, Kohanski RA & Wang LH 1997 Stat5 is a physiological substrate of the insulin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94 2295-2300. Wakao H, Harada N, Kitamura T, Mui AL & Miyajima A 1995 Interleukin 2 and erythropoietin activate STAT5/MGF via distinct pathways. EMBO J. 14 2527-2535.
19. Chen X, Vinkemeier U, Zhao Y, Jeruzalmi D, Darnell JE Jr & Kuriyan J 1998 Crystal structure of a tyrosine phosphorylated STAT-1 dimer bound to DNA. Cell 93 827-839.
20. Chen Y, Wen R, Yang S, Schuman J, Zhang EE, Yi T, Feng GS & Wang D 2003 Identification of Shp-2 as a Stat5A phosphatase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 16520-16527.
21. Chen ST, Lin SY, Yeh KT, Kuo SJ, Chan WL, Chu YP & Chang JG 2004 Mutational, epigenetic and expressional analyses of caveolin-1 gene in breast cancers. International Journal of Molecular Medicine 14 577-582.
22. Choi JY, Li WL, Kouri RE, Yu J, Kao FT & Ruano G 1996 Assignment of the acute phase response factor (APRF) gene to 17q21 by microdissection clone sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization of a P1 clone. Genomics 37 264-265.
23. Chopin LK, Veveris-Lowe TL, Philipps AF & Herington AC 2002 Co-expression of GH and GHR isoforms in prostate cancer cell lines. Growth Hormone and IGF Research 12 126-136.
24. Chughtai N, Schimchowitsch S, Lebrun JJ & Ali S 2002 Prolactin induces SHP-2 association with Stat5, nuclear translocation, and binding to the beta-casein gene promoter in mammary cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 31107-31114.
25. Chung CD, Liao J, Liu B, Rao X, Jay P, Berta P & Shuai K 1997 Specific inhibition of Stat3 signal transduction by PIAS3. Science 278 1803-1805.
26. Clark J, Edwards S, Feber A, Flohr P, John M, Giddings I, Crossland S, Stratton MR, Wooster R, Campbell C et al. 2003 Genome-wide screening for complete genetic loss in prostate cancer by comparative hybridization onto cDNA microarrays. Oncogene 22 1247-1252.
27. Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Schindler C, Zhong Z, Wen Z, Darnell JE Jr, Mui AL, Miyajima A, Quelle FW, Ihle JN et al. 1995 Distribution of the mammalian Stat gene family in mouse chromosomes. Genomics 29 225-228.
28. Cotarla I, Ren S, Zhang Y, Gehan E, Singh B & Furth PA 2004 Stat5a is tyrosine phosphorylated and nuclear localized in a high proportion of human breast cancers. International Journal of Cancer 108 665-671.
29. Dagvadorj A, Collins S, Jomain JB, Abdulghani J, Karras J, Zellweger T, Li H, Nurmi M, Alanen K, Mirtti T et al. 2007 Autocrine prolactin promotes prostate cancer cell growth via Janus kinase-2-signal transducer and activator of transcription-5a/b signaling pathway. Endocrinology 148 3089-3101.
30. Dagvadorj A, Kirken RA, Leiby B, Karras J & Nevalainen MT 2008 Transcription factor Stat5 promotes growth of human prostate cancer cells in vivo. Clinical Cancer Research 14 1317-1324.
31. Darnell JE Jr 1997 STATs and gene regulation. Science 277 1630-1635.
32. Darnell JE Jr, Kerr IM & Stark GR 1994 Jak-STAT pathways and transcriptional activation in response to IFNs and other extracellular signaling proteins. Science 264 1415-1421.
33. Decker T & Kovarik P 2000 Serine phosphorylation of STATs. Oncogene 19 2628-2637.
34. Decker T, Lew DJ, Mirkovitch J & Darnell JE Jr 1991 Cytoplasmic activation of GAF, an IFN-gamma-regulated DNA-binding factor. EMBO Journal 10 927-932.
35. Ehret GB, Reichenbach P, Schindler U, Horvath CM, Fritz S, Nabholz M & Bucher P 2001 DNA binding specificity of different STAT proteins. Comparison of in vitro specificity with natural target sites. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 6675-6688.
36. Eilon T, Groner B & Barash I 2007 Tumors caused by overexpression and forced activation of Stat5 in mammary epithelial cells of transgenic mice are parity-dependent and developed in aged, postestropausal females. International Journal of Cancer 121 1892-1902.
37. Engelman JA, Zhang XL & Lisanti MP 1999 Sequence and detailed organization of the human caveolin-1 and -2 genes located near the D7S522 locus (7q31.1). Methylation of a CpG island in the 5′ promoter region of the caveolin-1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. FEBS Letters 448 221-230.
38. Evans MK, Yu CR, Lohani A, Mahdi RM, Liu X, Trzeciak AR & Egwuagu CE 2007 Expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 genes is differentially regulated in breast cancer cells in response to proinflammatory cytokine and growth factor signals. Oncogene 26 1941-1948.
39. Van den Eynden GG, Van Laere SJ, Van der Auwera I, Merajver SD, Van Marck EA, van Dam P, Vermeulen PB, Dirix LY & van Golen KL 2006 Overexpression of caveolin-1 and -2 in cell lines and in human samples of inflammatory breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 95 219-228.
40. Foxwell BM, Beadling C, Guschin D, Kerr I & Cantrell D 1995 Interleukin-7 can induce the activation of Jak 1, Jak 3 and STAT 5 proteins in murine T cells. European Journal of Immunology 25 3041-3046.
41. Fu XY, Schindler C, Improta T, Aebersold R & Darnell JE Jr 1992 The proteins of ISGF-3, the interferon alpha-induced transcriptional activator, define a gene family involved in signal transduction. PNAS 89 7840-7843.
42. Gallego MI, Binart N, Robinson GW, Okagaki R, Coschigano KT, Perry J, Kopchick JJ, Oka T, Kelly PA & Hennighausen L 2001 Prolactin, growth hormone, and epidermal growth factor activate Stat5 in different compartments of mammary tissue and exert different and overlapping developmental effects. Developmental Biology 229 163-175.
43. Galsgaard ED, Gouilleux F, Groner B, Serup P, Nielsen JH & Billestrup N 1996 Identification of a growth hormone-responsive STAT5-binding element in the rat insulin 1 gene. Molecular Endocrinology 10 652-660.
44. Gewinner C, Hart G, Zachara N, Cole R, Beisenherz-Huss C & Groner B 2004 The coactivator of transcription CREB-binding protein interacts preferentially with the glycosylated form of Stat5. Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 3563-3572.
45. Gillanders EM, Xu J, Chang BL, Lange EM, Wiklund F, Bailey-Wilson JE, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Jones M, Gildea D, Riedesel E et al. 2004 Combined genome-wide scan for prostate cancer susceptibility genes. Journal of National Cancer Institute 96 1240-1247.
46. Ginsburg E & Vonderhaar BK 1995 Prolactin synthesis and secretion by human breast cancer cells. Cancer Research 55 2591-2595.
47. Gouilleux F, Wakao H, Mundt M & Groner B 1994 Prolactin induces phosphorylation of Tyr694 of Stat5 (MGF), a prerequisite for DNA binding and induction of transcription. EMBO Journal 13 4361-4369.
48. Gouilleux F, Moritz D, Humar M, Moriggl R, Berchtold S & Groner B 1995a Prolactin and interleukin-2 receptors in T lymphocytes signal through a MGF-STAT5-like transcription factor. Endocrinology 136 5700-5708.
49. Gouilleux F, Pallard C, Dusanter-Fourt I, Wakao H, Haldosen LA, Norstedt G, Levy D & Groner B 1995b Prolactin, growth hormone, erythropoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor induce MGF-Stat5 DNA binding activity. EMBO Journal 14 2005-2013.
50. Goureau A, Garrigues A, Tosser-Klopp G, Lahbib-Mansais Y, Chardon P & Yerle M 2001 Conserved synteny and gene order difference between human chromosome 12 and pig chromosome 5. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 94 49-54.
51. de Groot RP, Raaijmakers JA, Lammers JW, Jove R & Koenderman L 1999 STAT5 activation by BCR-Abl contributes to transformation of K562 leukemia cells. Blood 94 1108-1112.
52. Gross M, Liu B, Tan J, French FS, Carey M & Shuai K 2001 Distinct effects of PIAS proteins on androgen-mediated gene activation in prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 20 3880-3887.
53. Guh JY, Huang JS, Chen HC, Hung WC, Lai YH & Chuang LY 2001 Advanced glycation end product-induced proliferation in NRK-49F cells is dependent on the JAK2/STAT5 pathway and cyclin Dl. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 38 1096-1104.
54. Haddad B, Pabon-Pena CR, Young H & Sun WH 1998 Assignment1 of STAT1 to human chromosome 2q32 by FISH and radiation hybrids. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 83 58-59.
55. Haffner MC, Petridou B, Peyrat JP, Revillion F, Muller-Holzner E, Daxenbichler G, Marfh C & Doppler W 2007 Favorable prognostic value of SOCS2 and IGF-I in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 7 136.
56. Halmos G, Schally AV, Czompoly T, Krupa M, Varga JL & Rekasi Z 2002 Expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone and its receptor splice variants in human prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 87 4707-4714.
57. Hayashi K, Matsuda S, Machida K, Yamamoto T, Fukuda Y, Nimura Y, Hayakawa T & Hamaguchi M 2001 Invasion activating caveolin-1 mutation in human scirrhous breast cancers. Cancer Research 61 2361-2364.
58. Hennighausen L & Robinson GW 2005 Information networks in the mammary gland. Nature Reviews. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6 715-725.
59. Horseman ND, Zhao W, Montecino-Rodriguez E, Tanaka M, Nakashima K, Engle SJ, Smith F, Markoff E & Dorshkind K 1997 Defective mammopoiesis, but normal hematopoiesis, in mice with a targeted disruption of the prolactin gene. EMBO Journal 16 6926-6935.
60. Horvath CM, Wen Z & Darnell JE Jr 1995 A STAT protein domain that determines DNA sequence recognition suggests a novel DNA-binding domain. Genes and Development 9 984-994.
61. Hou J, Schindler U, Henzel WJ, Wong SC & McKnight SL 1995 Identification and purification of human Stat proteins activated in response to interleukin-2. Immunity 2 321-329.
62. Huang CY, Beliakoff J, Li X, Lee J, Sharma M, Lim B & Sun Z 2005 hZimp7, a novel PIAS-like protein, enhances androgen receptor-mediated transcription and interacts with SWI/SNF-like BAF complexes. Molecular Endocrinology 19 2915-2929.
63. Humphreys RC & Hennighausen L 2000 Transforming growth factor alpha and mouse models of human breast cancer. Oncogene 19 1085-1091.
64. Hurlstone AF, Reid G, Reeves JR, Fraser J, Strathdee G, Rahilly M, Parkinson EK & Black DM 1999 Analysis of the CAVEOLIN-1 gene at human chromosome 7q31.1 in primary tumours and tumour-derived cell lines. Oncogene 18 1881-1890.
65. Iavnilovitch E, Groner B & Barash I 2002 Overexpression and forced activation of stat5 in mammary gland of transgenic mice promotes cellular proliferation, enhances differentiation, and delays postlactational apoptosis. Molecular Cancer Research 1 32-47.
66. Iavnilovitch E, Cardiff RD, Groner B & Barash I 2004 Deregulation of Stat5 expression and activation causes mammary tumors in transgenic mice. International Journal of Cancer 112 607-619.
67. Iavnilovitch E, Eilon T, Groner B & Barash I 2006 Expression of a carboxy terminally truncated Stat5 with no transactivation domain in the mammary glands of transgenic mice inhibits cell proliferation during pregnancy, delays onset of milk secretion, and induces apoptosis upon involution. Molecular Reproduction and Development 73 841-849.
68. Ihle JN 2001 The Stat family in cytokine signaling. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 13 211-217.
69. Isaacs JT & Isaacs WB 2004 Androgen receptor outwits prostate cancer drugs. Nature Medicine 10 26-27.
70. Jackson PK 2001 A new RING for SUMO: wrestling transcriptional responses into nuclear bodies with PIAS family E3 SUMO ligases. Genes and Development 15 3053-3058.
71. Jasmin JF, Mercier I, Sotgia F & Lisanti MP 2006 SOCS proteins and caveolin-1 as negative regulators of endocrine signaling. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 17 150-158.
72. John S, Vinkemeier U, Soldaini E, Darnell JE Jr & Leonard WJ 1999 The significance of tetramerization in promoter recruitment by Stat5. Molecular Cell Biology 19 1910-1918.
73. Joung YH, Lim EJ, Lee MY, Park JH, Ye SK, Park EU, Kim SY, Zhang Z, Lee KJ, Park DK et al. 2005 Hypoxia activates the cyclin D1 promoter via the Jak2/STAT5b pathway in breast cancer cells. Experimental and Molecular Medicine 37 353-364.
74. Junicho A, Matsuda T, Yamamoto T, Kishi H, Korkmaz K, Saatcioglu F, Fuse H & Muraguchi A 2000 Protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 regulates androgen receptor signaling in prostate carcinoma cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 278 9-13.
75. Kahyo T, Nishida T & Yasuda H 2001 Involvement of PIAS1 in the sumoylation of tumor suppressor p53. Molecular Cell 8 713-718.
76. Kamizono S, Hanada T, Yasukawa H, Minoguchi S, Kato R, Minoguchi M, Hattori K, Hatakeyama S, Yada M, Morita S et al. 2001 The SOCS box of SOCS-1 accelerates ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of TEL-JAK2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 12530-12538.
77. Karam JA, Lotan Y, Roehrborn CG, Ashfaq R, Karakiewicz PI & Shariat SF 2007 Caveolin-1 overexpression is associated with aggressive prostate cancer recurrence. Prostate 67 614-622.
78. Kasahara K, Taguchi T, Yamasaki I, Kamada M, Yuri K & Shuin T 2002 Detection of genetic alterations in advanced prostate cancer by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetic 137 59-63.
79. Kazansky AV, Raught B, Lindsey SM, Wang YF & Rosen JM 1995 Regulation of mammary gland factor/Stat5a during mammary gland development. Molecular Endocrinology 9 1598-1609.
80. Kazansky AV, Kabotyanski EB, Wyszomierski SL, Mancini MA & Rosen JM 1999 Differential effects of prolactin and src/abl kinases on the nuclear translocation of STAT5B and STAT5A. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 22484-22492.
81. Kazansky AV, Spencer DM & Greenberg NM 2003 Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 is required for progression of autochthonous prostate cancer: evidence from the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate system. Cancer Research 63 8757-8762.
82. Kindblom J, Dillner K, Ling C, Tornell J & Wennbo H 2002 Progressive prostate hyperplasia in adult prolactin transgenic mice is not dependent on elevated serum androgen levels. Prostate 53 24-33.
83. Kindblom J, Dillner K, Sahlin L, Robertson F, Ormandy C, Tornell J & Wennbo H 2003 Prostate hyperplasia in a transgenic mouse with prostate-specific expression of prolactin. Endocrinology 144 2269-2278.
84. Kirken RA, Malabarba MG, Xu J, DaSilva L, Erwin RA, Liu X, Hennighausen L, Rui H & Farrar WL 1997a Two discrete regions of interleukin-2 (IL2) receptor beta independently mediate IL2 activation of a PD98059/rapamycin/ wortmannin-insensitive Stat5a/b serine kinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 15459-15465.
85. Kirken RA, Malabarba MG, Xu J, Liu X, Farrar WL, Hennighausen L, Larner AC, Grimley PM & Rui H 19972b Prolactin stimulates serine/tyrosine phosphorylation and formation of heterocomplexes of multiple Stat5 isoforms in Nb2 lymphocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 14098-14103.
86. von Knobloch R, Konrad L, Barth PJ, Brandt H, Wille S, Heidenreich A, Moll R & Hofmann R 2004 Genetic pathways and new progression markers for prostate cancer suggested by microsatellite allelotyping. Clinical Cancer Research 10 1064-1073.
87. Lange EM, Gillanders EM, Davis CC, Brown WM, Campbell JK, Jones M, Gildea D, Riedesel E, Albertus J, Freas-Lutz D et al. 2003 Genome-wide scan for prostate cancer susceptibility genes using families from the University of Michigan prostate cancer genetics project finds evidence for linkage on chromosome 17 near BRCA1. Prostate 57 326-334.
88. Latil A, Baron JC, Cussenot O, Fournier G, Boccon-Gibod L, Le Due A & Lidereau R 1994 Oncogene amplifications in early-stage human prostate carcinomas. International Journal of Cancer 59 637-638.
89. Lee SW, Reimer CL, Oh P, Campbell DB & Schnitzer JE 1998 Tumor cell growth inhibition by caveolin re-expression in human breast cancer cells. Oncogene 16 1391-1397.
90. Lee H, Park DS, Razani B, Russell RG, Pestell RG & Lisanti MP 2002 Caveolin-1 mutations (P132L and null) and the pathogenesis of breast cancer: caveolin-1 (P132L) behaves in a dominant-negative manner and caveolin-1 (-/-) null mice show mammary epithelial cell hyperplasia. American Journal of Pathology 161 1357-1369.
91. Lee MY, Joung YH, Lim EJ, Park JH, Ye SK, Park T, Zhang Z, Park DK, Lee KJ & Yang YM 2006 Phosphorylation and activation of STAT proteins by hypoxia in breast cancer cells. Breast 15 187-195.
92. Leek JP, Hamlin PJ, Bell SM & Lench NJ 1997 Assignment of the STAT6 gene (STAT6) to human chromosome band 12q13 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 79 208-209.
93. Leonard WJ & O'Shea JJ 1998 Jaks and STATs: biological implications. Annual Review of Immunology 16 293-322.
94. Letsch M, Schally AV, Busto R, Bajo AM & Varga JL 2003 Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) antagonists inhibit the proliferation of androgen-dependent and -independent prostate cancers. PNAS 100 1250-1255.
95. Levy DE & Darnell JE Jr 2002 Stats: transcriptional control and biological impact. Nature Reviews. Molecular and Cellular Biology 3 651-662.
96. Levy N, Boettger-Tong H, Dohmae K, Agoulnik AI, Ty TI, Nishimune Y & Bishop CE 1998 Physical and genetic linkage of glutaminase (Gls), signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (Stat1), and xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G (Xpg) on mouse proximal chromosome 1. Genomics 54 355-356.
97. Li P, Yu X, Ge K, Melamed J, Roeder RG & Wang Z 2002 Heterogenous expression and functions of androgen receptor co-factors in primary prostate cancer. American Journal of Pathology 161 1467-1474.
98. Li H, Ahonen TJ, Alanen K, Xie J, LeBaron MJ, Pretlow TG, Ealley EL, Zhang Y, Nurmi M, Singh B et al. 2004 Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 in human prostate cancer is associated with high histological grade. Cancer Research 64 4774-4782.
99. Li H, Zhang Y, Glass A, Zellweger T, Gehan E, Bubendorf L, Gelmann EP & Nevalainen MT 2005 Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 in prostate cancer predicts early recurrence. Clinical Cancer Research 11 5863-5868.
100. Lin JX, Mietz J, Modi WS, John S & Leonard WJ 1996 Cloning of human Stat5B. Reconstitution of interleukin-2-induced Stat5A and Stat5B DNA binding activity in COS-7 cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 10738-10744.
101. Linja MJ, Porkka KP, Kang Z, Savinainen KJ, Janne OA, Tammela TL, Vessella RL, Palvimo JJ & Visakorpi T 2004 Expression of androgen receptor coregulators in prostate cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 10 1032-1040.
102. Litterst CM, Kliem S, Marilley D & Pfitzner E 2003 NCoA-1/SRC-1 is an essential coactivator of STAT5 that binds to the FDL motif in the alpha-helical region of the STAT5 transactivation domain. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 45340-45351.
103. Litterst CM, Kliem S, Lodrini M & Pfitzner E 2005 Coactivators in gene regulation by STAT5. Vitamins and Hormones 70 359-386.
104. Liu X, Robinson GW, Gouilleux F, Groner B & Hennighausen L 1995 Cloning and expression of Stat5 and an additional homologue (Stat5b) involved in prolactin signal transduction in mouse mammary tissue. PNAS 92 8831-8835.
105. Liu JX, Mietz J, Modi WS, John S & Leonard WJ 1996a Cloning of human Stat5B. Reconstitution of interleukin-2-induced Stat5A and Stat5B DNA binding activity in COS-7 cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 10738-10744.
106. Liu X, Robinson GW & Hennighausen L 19962b Activation of Stat5a and Stat5b by tyrosine phosphorylation is tightly linked to mammary gland differentiation. Molecular Endocrinology 10 1496-1506.
107. Liu X, Robinson GW, Wagner KU, Garrett L, Wynshaw-Boris A & Hennighausen L 1997 Stat5a is mandatory for adult mammary gland development and lactogenesis. Genes and Development 11 179-186.
108. Liu B, Liao J, Rao X, Kushner SA, Chung CD, Chang DD & Shuai K 1998a Inhibition of Stat1-mediated gene activation by PIAS1. PNAS 95 10626-10631.
109. Liu X, Gallego MI, Smith GH, Robinson GW & Hennighausen L 19982b Functional release of Stat5a-null mammary tissue through the activation of compensating signals including Stat5b. Cell Growth and Differentiation 9 795-803.
110. Llovera M, Pichard C, Bernichtein S, Jeay S, Touraine P, Kelly PA & Goffin V 2000 Human prolactin (hPRL) antagonists inhibit hPRL-activated signaling pathways involved in breast cancer cell proliferation. Oncogene 19 4695-4705.
111. Magne S, Caron S, Charon M, Rouyez MC & Dusanter-Fourt I 2003 STAT5 and Oct-1 form a stable complex that modulates cyclin D1 expression. Molecular Cell Biology 23 8934-8945.
112. Marg A, Shan Y, Meyer T, Meissner T, Brandenburg M & Vinkemeier U 2004 Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling by nucleoporins Nup153 and Nup214 and CRM1-dependent nuclear export control the subcellular distribution of latent Stat1. Journal of Cell Biology 165 823-833.
113. Maurer AB, Wichmann C, Gross A, Kunkel H, Heinzel T, Ruthardt M, Groner B & Grez M 2002 The Stat5-RARalpha fusion protein represses transcription and differentiation through interaction with a corepressor complex. Blood 99 2647-2652.
114. Meyer WK, Reichenbach P, Schindler U, Soldaini E & Nabholz M 1997 Interaction of STAT5 dimers on two low affinity binding sites mediates interleukin 2 (IL-2) stimulation of IL-2 receptor alpha gene transcription. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 31821-31828.
115. Meyer T, Begitt A, Lodige I, van Rossum M & Vinkemeier U 2002 Constitutive and IFN-gamma-induced nuclear import of STAT1 proceed through independent pathways. EMBO Journal 21 344-354.
116. Miyoshi K, Shillingford JM, Smith GH, Grimm SL, Wagner KU, Oka T, Rosen JM, Robinson GW & Hennighausen L 2001 Signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 5 controls the proliferation and differentiation of mammary alveolar epithelium. Journal of Cell Biology 155 531-542.
117. Mui A, Muto A, Sakamaki K, Sato N, Kinoshita T, Watanabe S, Yokota T, Arai K & Miyajima A 1994 Function of the common beta subunit of the GM-CSF/IL-3/IL-5 receptors. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 365 217-223.
118. Mui AL, Wakao H, O'Farrell AM, Harada N & Miyajima A 1995 Interleukin-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-5 transduce signals through two STAT5 homologs. EMBO Journal 14 1166-1175.
119. Muller S, Hoege C, Pyrowolakis G & Jentsch S 2001 SUMO, ubiquitin' s mysterious cousin. Nature Reviews. Molecular and Cellular Biology 2 202-210.
120. Nagel-Wolfrum K, Buerger C, Wittig I, Butz K, Hoppe-Seyler F & Groner B 2004 The interaction of specific peptide aptamers with the DNA binding domain and the dimerization domain of the transcription factor Stat3 inhibits transactivation and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Molecular Cancer Research 2 170-182.
121. Nakajima H, Brindle PK, Handa M & Ihle JN 2001 Functional interaction of STAT5 and nuclear receptor co-repressor SMRT: implications in negative regulation of STAT5-dependent transcription. EMBO Journal 20 6836-6844.
122. Neuwirt H, Puhr M, Cavarretta IT, Mitterberger M, Hobisch A & Culig Z 2007 Suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 is up-regulated by androgen in prostate cancer cell lines and inhibits androgen-mediated proliferation and secretion. Endocrine-Related Cancer 14 1007-1019.
123. Nevalainen MT, Valve EM, Makela SI, Blauer M, Tuohimaa PJ & Harkonen PL 1991 Estrogen and prolactin regulation of rat dorsal and lateral prostate in organ culture. Endocrinology 129 612-622.
124. Nevalainen MT, Valve EM, Ingleton PM & Harkonen PL 1996 Expression and hormone regulation of prolactin receptors in rat dorsal and lateral prostate. Endocrinology 137 3078-3088.
125. Nevalainen MT, Valve EM, Ahonen T, Yagi A, Paranko J & Harkonen PL 1997a Androgen-dependent expression of prolactin in rat prostate epithelium in vivo and in organ culture. FASEB Journal 11 1297-1307.
126. Nevalainen MT, Valve EM, Ingleton PM, Nurmi M, Martikainen PM & Harkonen PL 19972b Prolactin and prolactin receptors are expressed and functioning in human prostate. Journal of Clinical Investigation 99 618-627.
127. Nevalainen MT, Ahonen TJ, Yamashita H, Chandrashekar V, Bartke A, Grimley PM, Robinson GW, Hennighausen L & Rui H 2000 Epithelial defect in prostates of Stat5a-null mice. Laboratory Investigation 80 993-1006.
128. Nevalainen MT, Xie J, Bubendorf L, Wagner KU & Rui H 2002 Basal activation of transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat5) in nonpregnant mouse and human breast epithelium. Molecular Endocrinology 16 1108-1124.
129. Nevalainen MT, Xie J, Torhorst J, Bubendorf L, Haas P, Kononen J, Sauter G & Rui H 2004 Signal transducer and activator of transcription-5 activation and breast cancer prognosis. Journal of Clinical Oncology 22 2053-2060.
130. Nishida T & Yasuda H 2002 PIAS1 and PIASxalpha function as SUMO-E3 ligases toward androgen receptor and repress androgen receptor-dependent transcription. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 41311-41317.
131. Oakes SR, Robertson FG, Kench JG, Gardiner-Garden M, Wand MP, Green JE & Ormandy CJ 2007 Loss of mammary epithelial prolactin receptor delays tumor formation by reducing cell proliferation in low-grade preinvasive lesions. Oncogene 26 543-553.
132. Ormandy CJ, Camus A, Barra J, Damotte D, Lucas B, Buteau H, Edery M, Brousse N, Babinet C, Binart N et al. 1997 Null mutation of the prolactin receptor gene produces multiple reproductive defects in the mouse. Genes and Development 11 167-178.
133. Pallard C, Gouilleux F, Benit L, Cocault L, Souyri M, Levy D, Groner B, Gisselbrecht S & Dusanter-Fourt I 1995a Thrombopoietin activates a STAT5-like factor in hematopoietic cells. EMBO Journal 14 2847-2856.
134. Pallard C, Gouilleux F, Charon M, Groner B, Gisselbrecht S & Dusanter-Fourt I 1995b Interleukin-3, erythropoietin, and prolactin activate a STAT5-like factor in lymphoid cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 15942-15945.
135. Park C, Lee I & Kang WK 2001 Lovastatin-induced E2F-1 modulation and its effect on prostate cancer cell death. Carcinogenesis 22 1727-1731.
136. Park DS, Lee H, Frank PG, Razani B, Nguyen AV, Parlow AF, Russell RG, Hulit J, Pestell RG & Lisanti MP 2002 Caveolin-1-deficient mice show accelerated mammary gland development during pregnancy, premature lactation, and hyperactivation of the Jak-2/STAT5a signaling cascade. Molecular Biology of the Cell 13 3416-3430.
137. Park SS, Kim JE, Kim YA, Kim YC & Kim SW 2005 Caveolin-1 is down-regulated and inversely correlated with HER2 and EGFR expression status in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology 47 625-630.
138. Paukku K, Yang J & Silvennoinen O 2003 Tudor and nuclease-like domains containing protein p100 function as coactivators for signal transducer and activator of transcription 5. Molecular Endocrinology 17 1805-1814.
139. Peng B, Sutherland KD, Sum EY, Olayioye M, Wittlin S, Tang TK, Lindeman GJ & Visvader JE 2002 CPAP is a novel stat5-interacting cofactor that augments stat5-mediated transcriptional activity. Molecular Endocrinology 16 2019-2033.
140. Pinilla SM, Honrado E, Hardisson D, Benitez J & Palacios J 2006 Caveolin-1 expression is associated with a basal-like phenotype in sporadic and hereditary breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 99 85-90.
141. Quelle FW, Thierfelder W, Witthuhn BA, Tang B, Cohen S & Ihle JN 1995 Phosphorylation and activation of the DNA binding activity of purified Stat1 by the Janus protein-tyrosine kinases and the epidermal growth factor receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270 20775-20780.
142. Raccurt M, Tam SP, Lau P, Mertani HC, Lambert A, Garcia-Caballero T, Li H, Brown RJ, McGuckin MA, Morel G et al. 2003 Suppressor of cytokine signalling gene expression is elevated in breast carcinoma. British Journal of Cancer 89 524-532.
143. Ram PA & Waxman DJ 1999 SOCS/CIS protein inhibition of growth hormone-stimulated STAT5 signaling by multiple mechanisms. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 35553-35561.
144. Reich NC & Liu L 2006 Tracking STAT nuclear traffic. Nature Reviews of Immunology 6 602-612.
145. Ren S, Cai HR, Li M & Furth PA 2002 Loss of Stat5a delays mammary cancer progression in a mouse model. Oncogene 21 4335-4339.
146. Rogers RS, Inselman A, Handel MA & Matunis MJ 2004 SUMO modified proteins localize to the XY body of pachytene spermatocytes. Chromosoma 113 233-243.
147. Rosen RL, Winestock KD, Chen G, Liu X, Hennighausen L & Finbloom DS 1996 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor preferentially activates the 94-kD STAT5A and an 80-kD STAT5A isoform in human peripheral blood monocytes. Blood 88 1206-1214.
148. Rui H, Kirken RA & Farrar WL 1994 Activation of receptor-associated tyrosine kinase JAK2 by prolactin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269 5364-5368.
149. Rycyzyn MA & Clevenger CV 2002 The intranuclear prolactin/cyclophilin B complex as a transcriptional inducer. PNAS 99 6790-6795.
150. Rycyzyn MA, Reilly SC, O'Malley K & Clevenger CV 2000 Role of cyclophilin B in prolactin signal transduction and nuclear retrotranslocation. Molecular Endocrinology 14 1175-1186.
151. Sachdev S, Bruhn L, Sieber H, Pichler A, Melchior F & Grosschedl R 2001 PIASy, a nuclear matrix-associated SUMO E3 ligase, represses LEF1 activity by sequestration into nuclear bodies. Genes and Development 15 3088-3103.
152. Sagara Y, Mimori K, Yoshinaga K, Tanaka F, Nishida K, Ohno S, Inoue H & Mori M 2004 Clinical significance of Caveolin-1, Caveolin-2 and HER2/neu mRNA expression in human breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer 91 959-965.
153. Savage K, Lambros MB, Robertson D, Jones RL, Jones C, Mackay A, James M, Hornick JL, Pereira EM, Milanezi F et al. 2007 Caveolin 1 is overexpressed and amplified in a subset of basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas: a morphologic, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization analysis. Clinical Cancer Research 13 90-101.
154. Schindler CW 2002 Series introduction. JAK-STAT signaling in human disease. Journal of Clinical Investigation 109 1133-1137.
155. Schindler C & Darnell JE Jr 1995 Transcriptional responses to polypeptide ligands: the JAK-STAT pathway. Annual Review of Biochemistry 64 621-651.
156. Schindler C, Fu XY, Improta T, Aebersold R & Darnell JE Jr 1992 Proteins of transcription factor ISGF-3: one gene encodes the 91-and 84-kDa ISGF-3 proteins that are activated by interferon alpha. PNAS 89 7836-7839.
157. Schmidt D & Muller S 2003 PIAS/SUMO: new partners in transcriptional regulation. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 60 2561-2574.
158. Schmitt-Ney M, Doppler W, Ball RK & Groner B 1991 Beta-casein gene promoter activity is regulated by the hormone-mediated relief of transcriptional repression and a mammary-gland-specific nuclear factor. Molecular Cell Biology 11 3745-3755.
159. Schmitt-Ney M, Happ B, Ball RK & Groner B 1992a Developmental and environmental regulation of a mammary gland-specific nuclear factor essential for transcription of the gene encoding beta-casein. PNAS 89 3130-3134.
160. Schmitt-Ney M, Happ B, Hofer P, Hynes NE & Groner B 1992b Mammary gland-specific nuclear factor activity is positively regulated by lactogenic hormones and negatively by milk stasis. Molecular Endocrinology 6 1988-1997.
161. Schwaller J, Parganas E, Wang D, Cain D, Aster JC, Williams IR, Lee CK, Gerthner R, Kitamura T, Frantsve J et al. 2000 Stat5 is essential for the myelo- and lymphoproliferative disease induced by TEL/JAK2. Molecular Cell 6 693-704.
162. Seeler JS, Bischof O, Nacerddine K & Dejean A 2007 SUMO, the three Rs and cancer. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 313 49-71.
163. Sekimoto T, Nakajima K, Tachibana T, Hirano T & Yoneda Y 1996 Interferon-gamma-dependent nuclear import of Stat1 is mediated by the GTPase activity of Ran/TC4. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 31017-31020.
164. Sekimoto T, Imamoto N, Nakajima K, Hirano T & Yoneda Y 1997 Extracellular signal-dependent nuclear import of Stat1 is mediated by nuclear pore-targeting complex formation with NPI-1, but not Rch1. EMBO Journal 16 7067-7077.
165. Shan L, Yu M, Clark BD & Snyderwine EG 2004 Possible role of Stat5a in rat mammary gland carcinogenesis. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 88 263-272.
166. Sharma M, Li X, Wang Y, Zarnegar M, Huang CY, Palvimo JJ, Lim B & Sun Z 2003 hZimp10 is an androgen receptor co-activator and forms a complex with SUMO-1 at replication foci. EMBO Journal 22 6101-6114.
167. Sharrocks AD 2006 PIAS proteins and transcriptional regulation - more than just SUMO E3 ligases? Genes and Development 20 754-758.
168. Shi W, Inoue M, Minami M, Takeda K, Matsumoto M, Matsuda Y, Kishimoto T & Akira S 1996 The genomic structure and chromosomal localization of the mouse STAT3 gene. International Immunology 8 1205-1211.
169. Shuai K 2000 Modulation of STAT signaling by STAT-interacting proteins. Oncogene 19 2638-2644.
170. Shuai K 2006 Regulation of cytokine signaling pathways by PIAS proteins. Cell Research 16 196-202.
171. Shuai K & Liu B 2003 Regulation of JAK-STAT signalling in the immune system. Nature Reviews of Immunology 3 900-911.
172. Silva CM 2004 Role of STATs as downstream signal transducers in Src family kinase-mediated tumorigenesis. Oncogene 23 8017-8023.
173. Socolovsky M, Fallon AE, Wang S, Brugnara C & Lodish HF 1999 Fetal anemia and apoptosis of red cell progenitors in Stat5a-/-5b-/- mice: a direct role for Stat5 in Bcl-X(L) induction. Cell 98 181-191.
174. Soldaini E, John S, Moro S, Bollenbacher J, Schindler U & Leonard WJ 2000 DNA binding site selection of dimeric and tetrameric Stat5 proteins reveals a large repertoire of divergent tetrameric Stat5a binding sites. Molecular Cell Biology 20 389-401.
175. Sotgia F, Rui H, Bonuccelli G, Mercier I, Pestell RG & Lisanti MP 2006a Caveolin-1, mammary stem cells, and estrogen-dependent breast cancers. Cancer Research 66 10647-10651.
176. Sotgia F, Williams TM, Schubert W, Medina F, Minetti C, Pestell RG & Lisanti MP 2006b Caveolin-1 deficiency (-/-) conveys premalignant alterations in mammary epithelia, with abnormal lumen formation, growth factor independence, and cell invasiveness. American Journal of Pathology 168 292-309.
177. Stangelberger A, Schally AV, Varga JL, Zarandi M, Szepeshazi K, Armatis P & Halmos G 2005 Inhibitory effect of antagonists of bombesin and growth hormone-releasing hormone on orthotopic and intraosseous growth and invasiveness of PC-3 human prostate cancer in nude mice. Clinical Cancer Research 11 49-57.
178. Stocklin E, Wissler M, Gouilleux F & Groner B 1996 Functional interactions between Stat5 and the glucocorticoid receptor. Nature 383 726-728.
179. Strauss BL, Bratthauer GL & Tavassoli FA 2006 STAT 5a expression in the breast is maintained in secretory carcinoma, in contrast to other histologic types. Human Pathology 37 586-592.
180. Sultan AS, Xie J, LeBaron MJ, Ealley EL, Nevalainen MT & Rui H 2005 Stat5 promotes homotypic adhesion and inhibits invasive characteristics of human breast cancer cells. Oncogene 24 746-760.
181. Tahir SA, Frolov A, Hayes TG, Mims MP, Miles BJ, Lerner SP, Wheeler TM, Ayala G, Thompson TC & Kadmon D 2006 Preoperative serum caveolin-1 as a prognostic marker for recurrence in a radical prostatectomy cohort. Clinical Cancer Research 12 4872-4875.
182. Tan SH, Dagvadorj A, Shen F, Gu L, Liao Z, Abdulghani J, Zhang Y, Gelmann EP, Zellweger T, Culig Z et al. 2008 Transcription factor Stat5 synergizes with androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Research 68 236-248.
183. Teglund S, McKay C, Schuetz E, van Deursen JM, Stravopodis D, Wang D, Brown M, Bodner S, Grosveld G & Ihle JN 1998 Stat5a and Stat5b proteins have essential and nonessential, or redundant, roles in cytokine responses. Cell 93 841-850.
184. Thompson TC, Timme TL, Li L & Goltsov A 1999 Caveolin-1, a metastasis-related gene that promotes cell survival in prostate cancer. Apoptosis 4 233-237.
185. Timme TL, Goltsov A, Tahir S, Li L, Wang J, Ren C, Johnston RN & Thompson TC 2000 Caveolin-1 is regulated by c-myc and suppresses c-myc-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 19 3256-3265.
186. Turkson J, Ryan D, Kim JS, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Haura E, Laudano A, Sebti S, Hamilton AD & Jove R 2001 Phosphotyrosyl peptides block Stat3-mediated DNA binding activity, gene regulation, and cell transformation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 45443-45455.
187. Turkson J, Kim JS, Zhang S, Yuan J, Huang M, Glenn M, Haura E, Sebti S, Hamilton AD & Jove R 2004 Novel peptidomimetic inhibitors of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 dimerization and biological activity. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics 3 261-269.
188. Udy GB, Towers RP, Snell RG, Wilkins RJ, Park SH, Ram PA, Waxman DJ & Davey HW 1997 Requirement of STAT5b for sexual dimorphism of body growth rates and liver gene expression. PNAS 94 7239-7244.
189. Ungureanu D, Saharinen P, Junttila I, Hilton DJ & Silvennoinen O 2002 Regulation of Jak2 through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway involves phosphorylation of Jak2 on Y1007 and interaction with SOCS-1. Molecular Cell Biology 22 3316-3326.
190. Verhage BA, van Houwelingen K, Ruijter TE, Kiemeney LA & Schalken JA 2003 Allelic imbalance in hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer. Prostate 54 50-57.
191. Vinkemeier U 2004 Getting the message across, STAT! Design principles of a molecular signaling circuit. Journal of Cell Biology 167 197-201.
192. Wakao H, Schmitt-Ney M & Groner B 1992 Mammary gland-specific nuclear factor is present in lactating rodent and bovine mammary tissue and composed of a single polypeptide of 89 kDa. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267 16365-16370.
193. Wakao H, Gouilleux F & Groner B 1994 Mammary gland factor (MGF) is a novel member of the cytokine regulated transcription factor gene family and confers the prolactin response. EMBO Journal 13 2182-2191.
194. Wang L & Banerjee S 2004 Differential PIAS3 expression in human malignancy. Oncology Reports 11 1319-1324.
195. Wang Z, Prins GS, Coschigano KT, Kopchick JJ, Green JE, Ray VH, Hedayat S, Christov KT, Unterman TG & Swanson SM 2005 Disruption of growth hormone signaling retards early stages of prostate carcinogenesis in the C3(1)/Tag mouse. Endocrinology 146 5188-5196.
196. Wartmann M, Cella N, Hofer P, Groner B, Liu X, Hennighausen L & Hynes NE 1996 Lactogenic hormone activation of Stat5 and transcription of the beta- casein gene in mammary epithelial cells is independent of p42 ERK2 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 31863-31868.
197. Weiss-Messer E, Merom O, Adi A, Karry R, Bidosee M, Ber R, Kaploun A, Stein A & Barkey RJ 2004 Growth hormone (GH) receptors in prostate cancer: gene expression in human tissues and cell lines and characterization, GH signaling and androgen receptor regulation in LNCaP cells. Molecular Cell Endocrinology 220 109-123.
198. Weite T, Garimorfh K, Philipp S & Doppler W 1994 Prolactin-dependent activation of a tyrosine phosphorylated DNA binding factor in mouse mammary epithelial cells. Molecular Endocrinology 8 1091-1102.
199. Wennbo H, Kindblom J, Isaksson OG & Tornell J 1997 Transgenic mice overexpressing the prolactin gene develop dramatic enlargement of the prostate gland. Endocrinology 138 4410-4415.
200. Williams TM & Lisanti MP 2005 Caveolin-1 in oncogenic transformation, cancer, and metastasis. American Journal of Physiology Cell Physiology 288 C494-C506.
201. Williams TM, Sotgia F, Lee H, Hassan G, Di Vizio D, Bonuccelli G, Capozza F, Mercier I, Rui H, Pestell RG et al. 2006 Stromal and epithelial caveolin-1 both confer a protective effect against mammary hyperplasia and tumorigenesis: Caveolin-1 antagonizes cyclin D1 function in mammary epithelial cells. American Journal of Pathology 169 1784-1801.
202. Wolter H, Gottfried HW & Mattfeldt T 2002a Genetic changes in stage pT2N0 prostate cancer studied by comparative genomic hybridization. BJU International 89 310-316.
203. Wolter H, Trijic D, Gottfried HW & Mattfeldt T 2002b Chromosomal changes in incidental prostatic carcinomas detected by comparative genomic hybridization. European Urology 41 328-334.
204. Xie J, LeBaron MJ, Nevalainen MT & Rui H 2002 Role of tyrosine kinase Jak2 in prolactin-induced differentiation and growth of mammary epithelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 14020-14030.
205. Xu W, Yu F, Yan M, Lu L, Zou W, Sun L, Zheng Z & Liu X 2004 Geldanamycin, a heat shock protein 90-binding agent, disrupts Stat5 activation in IL-2-stimulated cells. Journal of Cell Physiology 198 188-196.
206. Yamamoto K, Quelle FW, Thierfelder WE, Kreider BL, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Silvennoinen O & Ihle JN 1994 Stat4, a novel gamma interferon activation site-binding protein expressed in early myeloid differentiation. Molecular Cell Biology 14 4342-4349.
207. Yamamoto K, Kobayashi H, Arai A, Miura O, Hirosawa S & Miyasaka N 1997 cDNA cloning, expression and chromosome mapping of the human STAT4 gene: both STAT4 and STAT1 genes are mapped to 2q32.2→q32.3. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 77 207-210.
208. Yamashita H, Nevalainen MT, Xu J, LeBaron MJ, Wagner KU, Erwin RA, Harmon JM, Hennighausen L, Kirken RA & Rui H 2001 Role of serine phosphorylation of Stat5a in prolactin-stimulated beta- casein gene expression. Molecular Cell Endocrinology 183 151-163.
209. Yamashita H, Iwase H, Toyama T & Fujii Y 2003 Naturally occurring dominant-negative Stat5 suppresses transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors and induces apoptosis in T47D breast cancer cells. Oncogene 22 1638-1652.
210. Yamashita H, Nishio M, Fujii Y & Iwase H 2004 Dominant-negative Stat5 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in T47D-derived tumors in nude mice. Cancer Science 95 662-665.
211. Yamashita H, Nishio M, Ando Y, Zhang Z, Hamaguchi M, Mita K, Kobayashi S, Fujii Y & Iwase H 2006 Stat5 expression predicts response to endocrine therapy and improves survival in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Endocrine-Related Cancer 13 885-893.
212. Yang G, Truong LD, Wheeler TM & Thompson TC 1999 Caveolin-1 expression in clinically confined human prostate cancer: a novel prognostic marker. Cancer Research 59 5719-5723.
213. Yang E, Henriksen MA, Schaefer O, Zakharova N & Darnell JE Jr 2002 Dissociation time from DNA determines transcriptional function in a STAT1 linker mutant. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 13455-13462.
214. Yang J, Chatterjee-Kishore M, Staugaitis SM, Nguyen H, Schlessinger K, Levy DE & Stark GR 2005 Novel roles of unphosphorylated STAT3 in oncogenesis and transcriptional regulation. Cancer Research 65 939-947.
215. Yang G, Addai J, Wheeler TM, Frolov A, Miles BJ, Kadmon D & Thompson TC 2007a Correlative evidence that prostate cancer cell-derived caveolin-1 mediates angiogenesis. Human Pathology 38 1688-1695.
216. Yang J, Liao X, Agarwal MK, Barnes L, Auron PE & Stark GR 2007b Unphosphorylated STAT3 accumulates in response to IL-6 and activates transcription by binding to NFkappaB. Genes and Development 21 1396-1408.
217. Yao Z, Cui Y, Watford WT, Bream JH, Yamaoka K, Hissong BD, Li D, Durum SK, Jiang Q, Bhandoola A et al. 2006 Stat5a/b are essential for normal lymphoid development and differentiation. PNAS 103 1000-1005.
218. Yip SS, Crew AJ, Gee JM, Hui R, Blamey RW, Robertson JF, Nicholson RI, Sutherland RL & Daly RJ 2000 Up-regulation of the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in human breast cancer and correlation with GRB2 expression. International Journal of Cancer 88 363-368.
219. Yu H & Jove R 2004 The STATs of cancer - new molecular targets come of age. Nature Review Cancer 4 97-105.
220. Zapata PD, Ropero RM, Valencia AM, Buscail L, Lopez JI, Martin-Orozco RM, Prieto JC, Angulo J, Susini C, Lopez-Ruiz P et al. 2002 Autocrine regulation of human prostate carcinoma cell proliferation by somatostatin through the modulation of the SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 87 915-926.
221. Zeng R, Aoki Y, Yoshida M, Arai K & Watanabe S 2002 Stat5B shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus in a cytokine-dependent and -independent manner. Journal of Immunology 168 4567-4575.
222. Zhang JG, Farley A, Nicholson SE, Willson TA, Zugaro LM, Simpson RJ, Moritz RL, Cary D, Richardson R, Hausmann G et al. 1999 The conserved SOCS box motif in suppressors of cytokine signaling binds to elongins B and C and may couple bound proteins to proteasomal degradation. PNAS 96 2071-2076.
223. Zhong Z, Wen Z & Darnell JE Jr 1994a Stat3 and Stat4: members of the family of signal transducers and activators of transcription. PNAS 91 4806-4810.
224. Zhong Z, Wen Z & Darnell JEJ 1994b Stat3: a STAT family member activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor and interleukin-6. Science 264 95-98.
225. Zhu M, John S, Berg M & Leonard WJ 1999 Functional association of Nmi with Stat5 and Stat1 in IL-2- and IFNgamma-mediated signaling. Cell 96 121-130.
226. Zuhlke KA, Madeoy JJ, Beebe-Dimmer J, White KA, Griffin A, Lange EM, Gruber SB, Ostrander EA & Cooney KA 2004 Truncating BRCA1 mutations are uncommon in a cohort of hereditary prostate cancer families with evidence of linkage to 17q markers. Clinical Cancer Research 10 5975-5980.