Molecular pathogenesis, experimental models and new therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease

Regenerative Medicine

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 447-455

  Yamashita, Hiroshi ^a   Matsumoto, Masayasu ^a  

^a HIROSHIMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Dopaminergic neuron; Genetic mice model; Neural precursor cell; Neurogenesis; Parkinson's disease

Indexed keywords

BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; LEVODOPA; PARKIN; PROTEASOME; TOXIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; UBIQUITIN;

BRADYKINESIA; CELL LOSS; CORPUS STRIATUM; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DISORDERS OF MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTIONS; DOPAMINERGIC NERVE CELL; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; FAMILIAL DISEASE; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; HUMAN; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RIGIDITY; STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; SUBSTANTIA NIGRA; SUBVENTRICULAR ZONE; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TREMOR;

ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO DISEASE; HUMANS; MICE; MITOCHONDRIA; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSON DISEASE;

EID: 34548178033     PISSN: 17460751     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/17460751.2.4.447     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Mattson MP: Apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Bid. 1(2), 120-129 (2000).
2. Nutt JG, Wooten GF: Clinical practice. Diagnosis and initial management of Parkinson's disease N. Enl. J. Med. 353(10), 1021-1027 (2005).
3. Kruger R, Kuhn W, Muller T et al.: Ala30Pro mutation in the gene encoding α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease Nat. Genet. 18(2), 106-108 (1998).
4. Polymeropoulos MH, Lavedan C, Leroy E et al.: Mutation in the α-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease. Science 276(5321), 2045-2047 (1997).
5. Spillantini MG, Crowther RA, Jakes R et al.: α-synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson's disease and dementia with lewy bodies Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95(11), 6469-6473 (1998).
6. Spillartini MG, Schmidt ML, Lee VM et al.: α-synuclein in Lewy bodies, Nature 388(6645), 839-840 (1997).
7. Bonifati V, Rizzu P, van Baren M J et al.: Mutations in the DJ-1 gene associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinsonism. Science 299(5604), 256-259 (2003).
8. Chertier-Harlin MC, Kachergus J, Roumier C et al.: α-synuclein locus duplication as a caused familial Parkinson's disease Lancet 364(9440), 1167-1169 (2004).
9. Ibanez P, Bonnet AM, Debarges B et al.: Causal relation between α-synuclein gene duplication and familial parkinson's disease. Lancet 364(9440), 1169-1771 (2004).
10. Kitada T, Asakawa S, Hattori N et al.: Mutations in the parkin gene cause autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Nature 392(6676), 605-608 (1998).
11. Paisan-Ruiz C, Jain S, Evans EW et al.: Cloning of the gene containing mutations that cause PARK8-linked Parkinson's disease Neuron 44(4), 595-600 (2004).
12. Ramirez A, Heimbach A, Grundemann J et al.: Hereditary Parkinsonism with dementia is caused by mutations in ATP13A2, encoding alysosomal type 5 P-type ATPease Nat. Genet. 38(10), 1184-1191 (2006).
13. Singleton AB, Farrer M, Johnson J et al.: α-synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson's disease Science 302(5646), 841 (2003).
14. Valante EM, Abou-Sleiman PM, Csputo V et al.: Hereditary eerly-onset Parkinson's disease caused by mutationsin PINK1. Science 304(5674), 1158-1160 (2004).
15. Wintemeyer P, Kruger R Kuhn W et al.: Mutation analysis and association studies of the UCHL1 genein German Parkinson's disease patients Neuroport 11(10), 2079-2082 (2000).
16. Abeliovich A, Schmitz Y, Farinas I et al.: Mice lacking α-synuclein display functional deficits in the nigrostriatal dopamine system Neuron 25(1), 239-252 (2000).
17. Jensen PH, Li JY, Dahlstrom A, Dotti CG: Axonal transport of synucleins is mediated by all rate components Eur.J. Neurosci. 11(10), 3369-3376 (1999).
18. Cuervo AM, Stefanis L, Fredenburg R et al.: Impaired degradation of mutanta α-synuclein by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Science 305(5688), 1292-1295 (2004).
19. Webb JL, Ravikumar B, Atkins J et al.: α-synuclein is degraded by both autophagy and the proteesome J. Biol. Chem. 278(27), 25009-25013 (2003).
20. Hasegawa M, Fujiwara H, Nonaka T et al.: Phosphorylated α-synuclein isubiquitinated in alpha-synucleinopathy lesions J. Biol. Chem.. 277(50), 49071-49076 (2002).
21. Ross CA, Poirier MA: Protein aggregation and neurodegenerative disease Net. Med. 10(Suppl.), S10-S17 (2004).
22. Savitt JM, Dawson VL, Dawson TM: Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease molecules to medicine. J. Clin. Invest. 116(7), 1744-1754 (2006).
23. Chung KK, Thomas B, Li X et al.: S-nitrosylation of parkin regulates ubiquitination and compromises parkin's protective function. Science 304(5675), 1328-1331 (2004).
24. Moore DJ, West AB, Dawson VL, Dawson TM: Molecular pethophysiology of Parkinson's disease Annu. Rev. Neursci. 28, 57-87 (2005).
25. Zhang L, Shimoji M, Thomas B et al.: Mitochandrial localization of the Parkinson's disease related protein DJ-1: implications for pathogenesis Hum. Mol. Genet. 14(14), 2063-2073 (2005).
26. Moore D J, Zhang L, Troncoso J et al.: Aseociation of DJ-1 and parkin mediated by pathogenic DJ-1 mutations sand oxidative stress Hum. Md. Genet. 14(1), 71-84 (2005).
27. Zhou W, Zhu M, Wilson MA et al.: The oxidation state of DJ-1 regulates its chaperone activity toward α-synudein. J. Mol. Biol. 356(4), 1036-1048 (2006).
28. Silvestri L, Caputo V, Bellacchio E et al.: Mitochondrid import and enzymatic activity of PINK1 mutants associated to recessive parkinsonism. Hum. Mol. Genet. 14(22), 3477-3492 (2005).
29. Kim RH, Peters M, Jang Y et al.: DJ-1, a novel regulator of the tumor suppressor PTEN. Cancer Cell 7(3), 263-273 (2005).
30. Petit A, Kawarai T, Paitel E et al.: Wild-type PINK1 prevents based and induced neuronal apoptosis, a protective effect abrogated by Parkinson disease-related mutations, J. Biol. Chem. 280(40), 34025-34032 (2005).
31. Park J, Lee SB, Lee S et al.: Mitochondrial dysfunction in Drosophila PINK1 mutants is complemented by parkin. Nature 441(7097), 1157-1161 (2006).
32. Bender A, Krishnan KJ, Morris CM et al.: HIM levels of mitochandrial DNA deletions in substantia nigra neurons in aging and Parkinson disease Nat. Genet. 38(5), 515-517 (2006).
33. West AB, Moore DJ, Biskup S et al.: Parkinson's disease-associated mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 augment kinase activity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102(46), 16842-16847 (2005).
34. Gloeckner CJ, Kinkl N, Schumacher A et al.: The Parkinson disease causing LRRK2 mutation 12020T is associated with increased kinase activity. Hum. Mol. Genet. 15(2), 223-232 (2006).
35. Smith WW, Pei Z, Jang H et al.: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) interacts with parkin, and mutant LRRK2 induces neurol degeneration. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102(51), 18676-18681 (2005).
36. LI C, Beal MF: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2: a new player with a familiar theme for Parkinson's disease pathogenesis Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102(46), 16535-16536 (2005).
37. Fujita M, Sugama S, Nakai M et al.: α-synuclein Stimulates differentation of osteosarcoma cells relevance to down-regulation of proteassome activity. J. Biol. Chem. 282(8), 5736-5748 (2007).
38. Hattori N, Mizuno Y: Pathogenetic mechanisms of parkin in Parkinson's disease. Lancet 364(9435), 722-724 (2004).
39. Ascherio A, Chen H, Weisskopf MG et al.: Pesticide exposure and risk for Parkinson's disease. Ann. Nearol. 60(2), 197-203 (2006).
40. Langston JW, Ballard PA Jr: Parkinson's disease in a chemist working with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1-,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine. N. Engl. J. Med. 309(5), 310 (1983).
41. Vila M, Przedborski S. Targeting programmed cell death in neurodegenerative diseases Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4(5). 365-375 (2003).
42. Bove J, Prou D, Perier C, Przedborski S. Toxin-induced models of Parkinson's desease NeuroRx 2(3), 484-494 (2005).
43. Betarbet R, Sherer TB, MacKenzie G et al.: Chronic systemic pesticide exposure reproduces features of Parkinsn's deasese. Nat. Neurosci. 3(12), 1301-1306 (2000).
44. Hoglinger GU, Feger J, Prigent A et al.: Chronic systemic complex I inhibition induces a hypokinetic multisystem degeneration in rats J. Neurochem. 84(3), 491-502 (2003).
45. Dauer W, Kholodilov N, Vila M et al.: Resistance of α-synuclein null mice to the Parkinsonian neurotoxin MPTP. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99(22), 14524-14529 (2002).
46. Fleming SM, Saloscio J, Hutson CB et al.: Behavioral effects of dopaminergic agonistsin transgenic mice overexpressing human wildtype alpha-synuclein. Neuroscience 142(4), 1245-1253 (2006).
47. Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Veinbergs I et al.: Dopeminergic loss and inclusion body formation in α-synuclein mice implications for neurodegenerative disorders Science 287(5456), 1265-1269 (2000).
48. Richfield EK, Thiruchelvam MJ, Cory-Slechta DA et al.: Behavioral and neurochemical effects of wild-type and mutated human α-synuclein in transgenic mice Exp. Neurol. 175(1), 35-48 (2002).
49. Rockenstein E, Mallory M, Hashimoto M et al.: Differential neuropathological alterationsin transgenic mice expressing α-synuclein from the platelet-derived growth factor and Thy-1 promoters J. Neurosci. Res 68(5), 568-578 (2002).
50. Thiruchelvam M J, Powers JM, Cory-Slechta DA, Richfield EK: Risk factors for dopaminergic neuron lossin human α-synuclein transgenic mice Eur. J. Neurosci. 19(4), 845-854 (2004).
51. Fleming SM, Salcedo J, Femagut PO et al.: Early and progressive sensorimotor anomalies in mice overexpression wild-type human α-synnuclein. J. Neurosci. 24(42), 9434-9440 (2004).
52. Goldberg MS, Fleming SM, Palacino JJ et al.: parkin-deficient mice exhibit nigrostriatal deficits but not loss of dopaminergic neurons J. Biol. Chem. 278(44), 43628-43635 (2003).
53. Palacino JJ, Sagi D, Goldberg M S et al.: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in parkin-deficient mice J. Biol. Chem. 279(18), 18614-18622 (2004)
54. Itier JM, Ibanez P, Mena MA et al.: parkin gene inactivation alters behavior and dopamine neurotransmission in the mouse. Hum. Mol. Genet. 12(18), 2277-2291 (2003).
55. Von Coelin R, Thomas B, Savitt JM et al.: Loss of locus coeruleus neurons and reduced startle in parkin null mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101(29), 10744-10749 (2004).
56. Perez FA, Palmiter RD: Parkin-deficient mice are not a robust model of Parkinsonism. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102(6), 2174-2179 (2005).
57. Goldberg MS, Pisani A, Haburcak M et al.: Nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficits and hypokinesia caused by inactivation of the familial Parkinsonism-linked gene DJ-1. Neuron 45(4), 489-496 (2005).
58. Kim RH, Smith PD, Aleyasin H et al.: Hypersensitivity of DJ-1-deficient mice to 1-methyl-4-phenly-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrindine (MPTP) aid oxidative stress Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102(14), 5215-5220 (2005).
59. Zetterstrom RH, Solomin L, Jansson L et al.: Dopamine neuron agenesis in Nurr1-deficient mice. Science 276(5310), 248-250 (1997).
60. Jang C, Wan X, He Y et al.: Age-dependent dopaminergic dysfunction in Nurr1 knockout mice. Exp. Neurol. 191(1), 154-162 (2005).
61. Semina EV, Murray JC, Reiter R et al.: Deletion in the promoter region and altered expression of Pitx3 homeobox gene in aphakia mice. Hum. Mol. Genet. 9(11), 1575-1585 (2000).
62. Feeny M B, Bender WW. A Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease. Nature 404(6776), 394-398 (2000).
63. Clark TE, Dodson MW, Jang C et al.. Drosophila pink1 is required for mitochondrial function and interacts genetically with parkin: Nature 441(7007) 1162-1166 (2006).
64. Yamashita, Nakamura T, Takahashi T. et al.: Embryonic stem cell-derived neuron models of Parkinson disease exhibit delayed neuronal death. J Neurochem 98(1), 45-56 (2006).
65. Kirik D, Bjorklund A: Modeling CNS neurodeganeration by overexpression of disease causing proteins using viral vectors. Trends Neurosci. 26(7), 386-392 (2003).
66. Geraerts M, Krylyshkina O, Debyser Z, Baekelandt V: Concise review: therapeutic strategies for Parkinson disease based on the modulation of adult neurogenesis. Stem Cells 25(2), 263-270 (2007).
67. Freed CR, Greene PE, Breeze RE et al.: Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 344(10), 710-719 (2001).
68. Lindvall O, Sawle G, Widner H et al.: Evidence for long-term survival and function of dopaminergic grafts in progressive Parkinson's desease. Ann.Neurol. 35(2), 172-180 (1994).
69. Olanow CW, Goetz CG, Kordower JH et al.: A double-blind controlled trial of bilateral fetal nigral transplantation in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurol. 54(3), 403-414 (2003).
70. Widner H, Tetrud J, Rehnorona S et al.: Bilateral fetal mesenoephalic grafting in two patients with Parkinsonism inducesd by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). N. Engl. J. Med. 327(22), 1556-1563 (1992).
71. Kordower JH, Sortwell CE: Neuropathology of fetal nigra transplants for Parkinsons disease. Prog Brain Res 127, 333-344 (2000).
72. Gage FH: Mammalian neural stem cells. Science 287(5457), 1433-1438 (2000).
73. Hoglinger GU, Rizk P, Muriel MP et al.: Dopeminedepletion impairs precursors cell proliferation in Parkinson disease. Nat. Neurosci. 7(7), 726-735 (2004).
74. Cooper O, Isacson O: Intrabrietal transforming growth factor -α delivery to a model of Parkinson's disease induces proliferation and migration of endogenous adult neural progenitor-cells without differentiation into dopaminergic neurons J. Neurosci 24(41), 8924-8931 (2004).
75. Fallon J, Reid S, Kinyamu R et al.: In vivo induction of massive proliferation, directed migration, and differentiation neural cells in the adult mammalian brain. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97(26), 14686-14691 (2000).
76. Mohapel P, Frielingsdorf H, Haggblad J et al.: Platelet-derived gowth factor (PDGF-BB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induce striatal neurogenesis in adult rats with 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. Neuroscience 132(3), 767-776 (2005).
77. Palfi S, Leventhal L, Chu Y et al.: Lentivirally delivered glail cell line-derived neurotrophic factor increases the number of striatal dopaminergic neurons in primate models of nigrostriatal degeneration. J. Neurosci. 22 (12), 4942-4954 (2002).
78. Freundlieb N, Francois, Tande D et al.: Dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons project topographically organized to the subventricular zone and stimulate precursor cell proliferation in aged primates. J. Neurosci. 26(8), 2321-2325 (2006).
79. Van Kampan JM, Eckman CB: Dopamine D3 receptor agonist delivery to a model of Parkinson's disease restores the nigrostriatal pathway and improves locomotor behavior. J. Neurosci. 26(27), 7272-7280 (2006).
80. Yoshimi K, Ren YR, Saki T et al.: Possibility for neurogenesis in substantia nigra of Parkisonian brian. Ann. Neurol. 58(1) 31-40 (2005).
81. Braak H, Del Tredici K, Rub U et al.: Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 24(2), 197-211 (2003).