Mast cell homeostasis: A fundamental aspect of allergic disease

Critical Reviews in Immunology

Volumn 27, Issue 1, 2007, Pages 15-32

  Ryan, John J ^a   Kashyap, Mohit ^a   Bailey, Daniel ^a   Kennedy, Sarah ^a   Speiran, Kelly ^a   Brenzovich, Jennifer ^a   Barnstein, Brian ^a   Oskeritzian, Carole ^a   Gomez, Gregorio ^b  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Homeostasis; IgE; IL 10; IL 4; Mast cell; TGF

Indexed keywords

FC RECEPTOR; GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 4; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1;

ALLERGIC DISEASE; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; ATOPY; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL CYCLE ARREST; CELL FUNCTION; CELL HYPERPLASIA; CELL MATURATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL STIMULATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOREGULATION; INFLAMMATION; MAST CELL; MAST CELL DEGRANULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL;

EID: 34247528494     PISSN: 10408401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.v27.i1.20     Document Type: Review

References (163)

1. American Lung Association. Trends in asthma morbidity and mortality. July 2006. Available from: http://www.lungusa.org.
2. Rivera J, Gilfillan AM. Molecular regulation of mast cell activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(6):1214-25; quiz 1226.
3. Bradding P, Walls AF, Holgate ST. The role of the mast cell in the pathophysiology of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(6):1277-84.
4. Chang TW, Shiung YY. Anti-IgE as a mast cell-stabilizing therapeutic agent. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(6):1203-12; quiz 1213.
5. Malaviya R, Abraham SN. Interaction of bacteria with mast cells. Methods Enzymol. 1995;253:27-43.
6. Malaviya R, Abraham SN. Clinical implications of mast cell-bacteria interaction. J Mol Med. 1998;76(9):617-23.
7. Malaviya R, Abraham SN. Mast cell modulation of immune responses to bacteria. Immunol Rev. 2001;179:16-24.
8. Malaviya R, Gao Z, Thankavel K, van der Merwe PA, Abraham SN. The mast cell tumor necrosis factor alpha response to FimH-expressing Escherichia coli is mediated by the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule CD48. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(14):8110-5.
9. Malaviya R, Ikeda T, Ross E, Abraham SN. Mast cell modulation of neutrophil influx and bacterial clearance at sites of infection through TNF-alpha. Nature. 1996;381(6577):77-80.
10. Marshall JS, McCurdy JD, Olynych T. Toll-like receptor-mediated activation of mast cells: implications for allergic disease? Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2003;132(2):87-97.
11. McCurdy JD, Olynych TJ, Maher LH, Marshall JS. Cutting edge: distinct Toll-like receptor 2 activators selectively induce different classes of mediator production from human mast cells. J Immunol. 2003;170(4):1625-9.
12. Marshall JS, King CA, McCurdy JD. Mast cell cytokine and chemokine responses to bacterial and viral infection. Curr Pharm Des. 2003;9(1):11-24.
13. Marshall JS, Jawdat DM. Mast cells in innate immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(1):21-7.
14. Marshall JS. Mast-cell responses to pathogens. Nat Rev Immunol. 2004;4(10):787-99.
15. Echtenacher B, Mannel DN, Hultner L. Critical protective role of mast cells in a model of acute septic peritonitis. Nature. 1996;381(6577):75-7.
16. Gilfillan AM, Tkaczyk C. Integrated signalling path-ways for mast-cell activation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006;6(3):218-30.
17. Malveaux FJ, Conroy MC, Adkinson NF Jr, Lichtenstein LM. IgE receptors on human basophils. Relationship to serum IgE concentration. J Clin Invest. 1978;62(1):176-81.
18. MacGlashan DW Jr, Bochner BS, Adelman DC, Jardieu PM, Togias A, Lichtenstein LM. Serum IgE level drives basophil and mast cell IgE receptor display. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 1997;113(1-3):45-7.
19. MacGlashan DW, Jr., Bochner BS, Adelman DC, Jardieu PM, Togias A, McKenzie-White J, Sterbinsky SA, Hamilton RG, Lichtenstein LM. Down-regulation of Fc(epsilon)RI expression on human basophils during in vivo treatment of atopic patients with anti-IgE antibody. J Immunol. 1997;158(3):1438-45.
20. Busse W, Corren J, Lanier BQ, McAlary M, Fowler-Taylor A, Cioppa GD, van As A, Gupta N. Omalizumab, anti-IgE recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108(2):184-90.
21. Casale TB, Condemi J, LaForce C, Nayak A, Rowe M, Watrous M, McAlary M, Fowler-Taylor A, Racine A, Gupta N, Fick R, Della Cioppa G. Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2001;286(23):2956-67.
22. Milgrom H, Berger W, Nayak A, Gupta N, Pollard S, McAlary M, Taylor AF, Rohane P. Treatment of childhood asthma with anti-immunoglobulin E antibody (omalizumab). Pediatrics. 2001;108(2):E36.
23. Soler M, Matz J, Townley R, Buhl R, O'Brien J, Fox H, Thirlwell J, Gupta N, Della Cioppa G. The anti-IgE antibody omalizumab reduces exacerbations and steroid requirement in allergic asthmatics. Eur Respir J. 2001;18(2):254-61.
24. Beck LA, Marcotte GV, MacGlashan D, Togias A, Saini S. Omalizumab-induced reductions in mast cell Fce psilon RI expression and function. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114(3):527-30.
25. Furuichi K, Rivera J, Isersky C. The receptor for immunoglobulin E on rat basophilic leukemia cells: effect of ligand binding on receptor expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985;82(5):1522-5.
26. Yamaguchi M, Lantz CS, Oettgen HC, Katona IM, Fleming T, Miyajima I, Kinet JP, Galli SJ. IgE enhances mouse mast cell Fc(epsilon)RI expression in vitro and in vivo: evidence for a novel amplification mechanism in IgE-dependent reactions. J Exp Med. 1997;185(4):663-72.
27. Ownby DR. Clinical significance of Immunoglobulin E. In: Adkinson NF, Yunginger J, Busse W, Bochner B, Holgate S, Simons FE, editors. Middleton's Allergy, principles and practice. 6th ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia (PA): Mosby; 2003. p. 1087-103.
28. Kawakami T, Kitaura J, Xiao W, Kawakami Y. IgE regulation of mast cell survival and function. Novartis Found Symp. 2005;271:100-7; discussion 108-14, 145-51.
29. Robertson D, Holowka D, Baird B. Cross-linking of immunoglobulin E-receptor complexes induces their interaction with the cytoskeleton of rat basophilic leukemia cells. J Immunol. 1986;136(12):4565-72.
30. Mao SY, Alber G, Rivera J, Kochan J, Metzger H. Interaction of aggregated native and mutant IgE receptors with the cellular skeleton. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89(1):222-6.
31. Chatila TA. Interleukin-4 receptor signaling pathways in asthma pathogenesis. Trends Mol Med. 2004;10(10):493-9.
32. Steinke JW, Borish L. Th2 cytokines and asthma. Interleukin-4: its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists. Respir Res. 2001;2(2):66-70.
33. Takeda K, Tanaka T, Shi W, Matsumoto M, Minami M, Kashiwamura S, Nakanishi K, Yoshida N, Kishimoto T, Akira S. Essential role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling. Nature. 1996;380(6575):627-30.
34. Shimoda K, van Deursen J, Sangster MY, Sarawar SR, Carson RT, Tripp RA, Chu C, Quelle FW, Nosaka T, Vignali DA, Doherty PC, Grosveld G, Paul WE, Ihle JN. Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disrupted Stat6 gene. Nature. 1996;380(6575):630-3.
35. Kaplan MH, Schindler U, Smiley ST, Grusby MJ. Stat6 is required for mediating responses to IL-4 and for development of Th2 cells. Immunity. 1996;4(3):313-9.
36. Ryan JJ, McReynolds LJ, Keegan A, Wang LH, Garfein E, Rothman P, Nelms K, Paul WE. Growth and gene expression are predominantly controlled by distinct regions of the human IL-4 receptor. Immunity. 1996;4(2):123-32.
37. Cho SW, Kilmon MA, Studer EJ, van der Putten H, Conrad DH. B cell activation and Ig, especially IgE, production is inhibited by high CD23 levels in vivo and in vitro. Cell Immunol. 1997;180(1):36-46.
38. Payet-Jamroz M, Helm SL, Wu J, Kilmon M, Fakher M, Basalp A, Tew JG, Szakal AK, Noben-Trauth N, Conrad DH. Suppression of IgE responses in CD23-transgenic animals is due to expression of CD23 on nonlymphoid cells. J Immunol. 2001;166(8):4863-9.
39. Haczku A, Takeda K, Hamelmann E, Loader J, Joetham A, Redai I, Irvin CG, Lee JJ, Kikutani H, Conrad D, Gelfand EW. CD23 exhibits negative regulatory effects on allergic sensitization and airway hyperresponsiveness. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161(3 Pt 1):952-60.
40. Payet M, Conrad DH. IgE regulation in CD23 knockout and transgenic mice. Allergy. 1999;54(11):1125-9.
41. Payet ME, Woodward EC, Conrad DH. Humoral response suppression observed with CD23 transgenics. J Immunol. 1999;163(1):217-23.
42. Ryan JJ, DeSimone S, Klisch G, Shelburne C, McReynolds LJ, Han K, Kovacs R, Mirmonsef P, Huff TF. IL-4 inhibits mouse mast cell Fc epsilonRI expression through a STAT6-dependent mechanism. J Immunol. 1998;161(12):6915-23.
43. Bischoff SC, Sellge G, Lorentz A, Sebald W, Raab R, Manns MP. IL-4 enhances proliferation and mediator release in mature human mast cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999;96(14):8080-5.
44. Yamaguchi M, Sayama K, Yano K, Lantz CS, Noben-Trauth N, Ra C, Costa JJ, Galli SJ. IgE enhances Fc epsilon receptor I expression and IgE-dependent release of histamine and lipid mediators from human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells: synergistic effect of IL-4 and IgE on human mast cell Fc epsilon receptor I expression and mediator release. J Immunol. 1999;162(9):5455-65.
45. Toru H, Ra C, Nonoyama S, Suzuki K, Yata J, Nakahata T. Induction of the high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI) on human mast cells by IL-4. Int Immunol. 1996;8(9):1367-73.
46. Xia HZ, Du Z, Craig S, Klisch G, Noben-Trauth N, Kochan JP, Huff TH, Irani AM, Schwartz LB. Effect of recombinant human IL-4 on tryptase, chymase, and Fc epsilon receptor type I expression in recombinant human stem cell factor-dependent fetal liverderived human mast cells. J Immunol. 1997;159(6):2911-21.
47. Hershey GK, Friedrich MF, Esswein LA, Thomas ML, Chatila TA. The association of atopy with a gain-of-function mutation in the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(24):1720-5.
48. Shirakawa I, Deichmann KA, Izuhara I, Mao I, Adra CN, Hopkin JM. Atopy and asthma: genetic variants of IL-4 and IL-13 signalling. Immunol Today. 2000;21(2):60-4.
49. Gao PS, Mao XQ, Hopkin JM, Adra CN, Yang X, Shirakawa T. Functional significance of polymorphisms of the interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 receptors in allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy. 2000;30(12):1672-5.
50. Tanaka K, Roberts MH, Yamamoto N, Sugiura H, Uehara M, Mao XQ, Shirakawa T, Hopkin JM. Genetic variants of the receptors for thromboxane A2 and IL-4 in atopic dermatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;292(3):776-80.
51. Bottini N, Borgiani P, Otsu A, Saccucci P, Stefanini L, Greco E, Fontana L, Hopkin JM, Mao XQ, Shirakawa T. IL-4 receptor alpha chain genetic polymorphism and total IgE levels in the English population: two-locus haplotypes are more informative than individual SNPs. Clin Genet. 2002;61(4):288-92.
52. Bottini N, Mao XQ, Borgiani P, Saccucci P, Stefanini L, Greco E, Fontana L, Shirakawa T, Hopkin JM. Low molecular weight PTP-IL-4RA interaction in atopy predisposition. Allergy. 2002;57 Suppl 72:10-2.
53. Acharya B, Shirakawa T, Pungky A, Damanik P, Massi MN, Miyata M, Matsuo M, Gotoh A. Polymorphism of the interleukin-4, interleukin-13, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 genes in Indonesian children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Am J Nephrol. 2005;25(1):30-5.
54. Wills-Karp M. Interleukin-13 in asthma pathogenesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2004;4(2):123-31.
55. Grunewald SM, Werthmann A, Schnarr B, Klein CE, Brocker EB, Mohrs M, Brombacher F, Sebald W, Duschl A. An antagonistic IL-4 mutant prevents type I allergy in the mouse: inhibition of the IL-4/IL-13 receptor system completely abrogates humoral immune response to allergen and development of allergic symptoms in vivo. J Immunol. 1998;160(8):4004-9.
56. Hahn C, Teufel M, Herz U, Renz H, Erb KJ, Wohlleben G, Brocker EB, Duschl A, Sebald W, Grunewald SM. Inhibition of the IL-4/IL-13 receptor system prevents allergic sensitization without affecting established allergy in a mouse model for allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111(6):1361-9.
57. Fiorentino DF, Bond MW, Mosmann TR. Two types of mouse T helper cell. IV. Th2 clones secrete a factor that inhibits cytokine production by Th1 clones. J Exp Med. 1989;170(6):2081-95.
58. Fiorentino DF, Zlotnik A, Mosmann TR, Howard M, O'Garra A. IL-10 inhibits cytokine production by activated macrophages. J Immunol. 1991;147(11):3815-22.
59. Fiorentino DF, Zlotnik A, Vieira P, Mosmann TR, Howard M, Moore KW, O'Garra A. IL-10 acts on the antigen-presenting cell to inhibit cytokine production by Th1 cells. J Immunol. 1991;146(10):3444-51.
60. Kuhn R, Lohler J, Rennick D, Rajewsky K, Muller W. Interleukin-10- deficient mice develop chronic enterocolitis. Cell. 1993;75(2):263-74.
61. Murray PJ. Understanding and exploiting the endogenous interleukin-10/STAT3-mediated anti-inflammatory response. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2006;6(4):379-86.
62. Moore KW, Vieira P, Fiorentino DF, Trounstine ML, Khan TA, Mosmann TR. Homology of cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (IL-10) to the Epstein-Barr virus gene BCRFI. Science. 1990;248(4960):1230-4.
63. Hsu DH, de Waal Malefyt R, Fiorentino DF, Dang MN, Vieira P, de Vries J, Spits H, Mosmann TR, Moore KW. Expression of interleukin-10 activity by Epstein-Barr virus protein BCRF1. Science. 1990;250 (4982):830-2.
64. Vieira P, de Waal-Malefyt R, Dang MN, Johnson KE, Kastelein R, Fiorentino DF, deVries JE, Roncarolo MG, Mosmann TR, Moore KW. Isolation and expression of human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor cDNA clones: homology to Epstein-Barr virus open reading frame BCRFI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88(4):1172-6.
65. Rode HJ, Janssen W, Rosen-Wolff A, Bugert JJ, Thein P, Becker Y, Darai G. The genome of equine herpesvirus type 2 harbors an interleukin 10 (IL10)-like gene. Virus Genes. 1993;7(1):111-6.
66. Kotenko SV, Saccani S, Izotova LS, Mirochnitchenko OV, Pestka S. Human cytomegalovirus harbors its own unique IL-10 homolog (cmvIL-10). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000;97(4):1695-700.
67. Fleming SB, McCaughan CA, Andrews AE, Nash AD, Mercer AA. A homolog of interleukin-10 is encoded by the poxvirus orf virus. J Virol. 1997;71(6):4857-61.
68. Kotenko SV. The family of IL-10-related cytokines and their receptors: related, but to what extent? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2002;13(3):223-40.
69. Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Kikuchi K, Takehara K. Elevated serum levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, and IL-13 in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 1997;24(2):328-32.
70. Reiser M, Marousis CG, Nelson DR, Lauer G, Gonzalez-Peralta RP, Davis GL, Lau JY. Serum interleukin 4 and interleukin 10 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Hepatol. 1997;26(3):471-8.
71. Marchant A, Alegre ML, Hakim A, Pierard G, Marecaux G, Friedman G, De Groote D, Kahn RJ, Vincent JL, Goldman M. Clinical and biological significance of interleukin-10 plasma levels in patients with septic shock. J Clin Immunol. 1995;15(5):266-73.
72. Marchant A, Deviere J, Byl B, De Groote D, Vincent JL, Goldman M. Interleukin-10 production during septicaemia. Lancet. 1994;343(8899):707-8.
73. Gillespie SR, DeMartino RR, Zhu J, Chong HJ, Ramirez C, Shelburne CP, Bouton LA, Bailey DP, Gharse A, Mirmonsef P, Odom, S, Gomez G, Rivera J, Fischer-Stenger K, Ryan JJ. IL-10 inhibits Fc epsilon RI expression in mouse mast cells. J Immunol. 2004;172(5):3181-8.
74. Kinet JP. The high-affinity IgE receptor (Fc epsilon RI): from physiology to pathology. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17:931-72.
75. Kraft S, Rana S, Jouvin MH, Kinet JP. The role of the FcepsilonRI beta-chain in allergic diseases. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004;135(1):62-72.
76. Hobbs K, Negri J, Klinnert M, Rosenwasser LJ, Borish L. Interleukin-10 and transforming growth factorbeta promoter polymorphisms in allergies and asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;158(6):1958-62.
77. Hill MR, Cookson WO. A new variant of the beta subunit of the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (Fc epsilon RI-beta E237G): associations with measures of atopy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Hum Mol Genet. 1996;5(7):959-62.
78. Hill MR, James AL, Faux JA, Ryan G, Hopkin JM, le Souef P, Musk AW, Cookson WO. Fc epsilon RIbeta polymorphism and risk of atopy in a general population sample. Bmj. 1995;311(7008):776-9.
79. Gillespie SR, DeMartino RR, Zhu J, Chong HJ, Ramirez C, Shelburne CP, Bouton LA, Bailey DP, Gharse A, Mirmonsef P, Odom S, Gomez G, Rivera J, Fischer-Stenger K, Ryan JJ. Interleukin-10 inhibits Fc epsilon receptor I expression in mouse mast cells. J Immunol. 2004;172(5):3181-8.
80. Gonzalez-Espinosa C, Odom S, Olivera A, Hobson JP, Martinez ME, Oliveira-Dos-Santos A, Barra L, Spiegel S, Penninger JM, Rivera J. Preferential signaling and induction of allergy-promoting lymphokines upon weak stimulation of the high affinity IgE receptor on mast cells. J Exp Med. 2003;197(11):1453- 65.
81. Marshall JS, Leal-Berumen I, Nielsen L, Glibetic M, Jordana M. Interleukin (IL)-10 inhibits long-term IL-6 production but not preformed mediator release from rat peritoneal mast cells. J Clin Invest. 1996;97(4):1122-8.
82. Klemm S, Gutermuth J, Hultner L, Sparwasser T, Behrendt H, Peschel C, Mak TW, Jakob T, Ruland J. The Bcl10-Malt1 complex segregates Fc epsilon RI-mediated nuclear factor kappa B activation and cytokine production from mast cell degranulation. J Exp Med. 2006;203(2):337-47.
83. Rivera J. Adaptors discriminate mast-cell cytokine production from eicosanoid production and degranulation. Trends Immunol. 2006;27(6):251-3.
84. Malaviya R, Uckun FM. Role of STAT6 in IgE receptor/FcepsilonRI-mediated late phase allergic responses of mast cells. J Immunol. 2002;168(1):421-6.
85. Young DG, Skibinski G, Mason JI, James K. The influence of age and gender on serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), IL-6, IL-6 soluble receptor (IL-6 sR) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) levels in normal healthy blood donors. Clin Exp Immunol. 1999;117(3):476-81.
86. Massague J. How cells read TGF-beta signals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000;1(3):169-78.
87. ten Dijke P, Hill CS. New insights into TGF-beta-Smad signalling. Trends Biochem Sci. 2004;29(5):265-73.
88. Shi Y, Massague J. Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus. Cell. 2003;113(6):685-700.
89. Letterio JJ, Roberts AB. Regulation of immune responses by TGF-beta. Annu Rev Immunol. 1998;16:137-61.
90. Kulkarni AB, Huh CG, Becker D, Geiser A, Lyght M, Flanders KC, Roberts AB, Sporn MB, Ward JM, Karlsson S. Transforming growth factor beta 1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90(2):770-4.
91. Shull MM, Ormsby I, Kier AB, Pawlowski S, Diebold RJ, Yin M, Allen R, Sidman C, Proetzel G, Calvin D, Annunziata N, Doetschman T. Targeted disruption of the mouse transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene results in multifocal inflammatory disease. Nature. 1992;359(6397):693-9.
92. Broide DH, Wasserman SI, Alvaro-Gracia J, Zvaifler NJ, Firestein GS. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 selectively inhibits IL-3-dependent mast cell proliferation without affecting mast cell function or differentiation. J Immunol. 1989;143(5):1591-7.
93. Toyota N, Hashimoto Y, Matsuo S, Iizuka H. Transforming growth factor beta 1 inhibits IL-3- and IL-4-dependent mouse connective tissue-type mast cell proliferation. Arch Dermatol Res. 1995;287(2):198-201.
94. Mekori YA, Metcalfe DD. Transforming growth factor-beta prevents stem cell factor-mediated rescue of mast cells from apoptosis after IL-3 deprivation. J Immunol. 1994;153(5):2194-203.
95. Bissonnette EY, Enciso JA, Befus AD. TGF-beta1 inhibits the release of histamine and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from mast cells through an autocrine pathway. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997;16(3):275-82.
96. Meade R, Askenase PW, Geba GP, Neddermann K, Jacoby RO, Pasternak RD. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 inhibits murine immediate and delayed type hypersensitivity. J Immunol. 1992;149(2):521-8.
97. Gomez G, Ramirez CD, Rivera J, Patel M, Norozian F, Wright HV, Kashyap MV, Barnstein BO, Fischer-Stenger K, Schwartz LB, Kepley CL, Ryan JJ. TGFbeta 1 inhibits mast cell Fc epsilon RI expression. J Immunol. 2005;174(10):5987-93.
98. Kim HM, Lee YM. Role of TGF-beta 1 on the IgE-dependent anaphylaxis reaction. J Immunol. 1999;162(8):4960-5.
99. Olsson N, Piek E, Sundstrom M, ten Dijke P, Nilsson G. Transforming growth factor-beta-mediated mast cell migration depends on mitogen-activated protein kinase activity. Cell Signal. 2001;13(7):483-90.
100. Olsson N, Piek E, ten Dijke P, Nilsson G. Human mast cell migration in response to members of the transforming growth factor-beta family. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;67(3):350-6.
101. McGonigle S, Beall MJ, Pearce EJ. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha subunit associates with TGF beta receptors and 14-3-3 epsilon and acts as a modulator of the TGF beta response. Biochemistry. 2002;41(2):579-87.
102. Asai K, Kitaura J, Kawakami Y, Yamagata N, Tsai M, Carbone DP, Liu FT, Galli SJ, Kawakami T. Regulation of mast cell survival by IgE. Immunity. 2001;14(6):791-800.
103. Kalesnikoff J, Huber M, Lam V, Damen JE, Zhang J, Siraganian RP, Krystal G. Monomeric IgE stimulates signaling pathways in mast cells that lead to cytokine production and cell survival. Immunity. 2001;14(6):801-11.
104. Kohno M, Yamasaki S, Tybulewicz VL, Saito T. Rapid and large amount of autocrine IL-3 production is responsible for mast cell survival by IgE in the absence of antigen. Blood. 2005;105(5):2059-65.
105. Shelburne CP, McCoy ME, Piekorz R, Sexl V, Roh KH, Jacobs-Helber SM, Gillespie SR, Bailey DP, Mirmonsef P, Mann MN, Kashyap M, Wright HV, Chong HJ, Bouton LA, Barnstein B, Ramirez CD, Bunting KD, Sawyer ST, Lantz CS, Ryan JJ. Stat5 expression is critical for mast cell development and survival. Blood. 2003;102(4):1290-7.
106. Barnstein BO, Li G, Wang Z, Kennedy S, Chalfant C, Nakajima H, Bunting KD, Ryan JJ. Stat5 expression is required for IgE-mediated mast cell function. J Immunol. 2006;177(5):3421-6.
107. Yoshikawa H, Nakajima Y, Tasaka K. Glucocorticoid suppresses autocrine survival of mast cells by inhibiting IL-4 production and ICAM-1 expression. J Immunol. 1999;162(10):6162-70.
108. Yoshikawa H, Nakajima Y, Tasaka K. Enhanced expression of Fas-associated death domain-like IL-1-converting enzyme (FLICE)-inhibitory protein induces resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis in activated mast cells. J Immunol. 2000;165(11):6262-9.
109. Xiang Z, Ahmed AA, Moller C, Nakayama K, Hatakeyama S, Nilsson G. Essential role of the prosurvival bcl-2 homologue A1 in mast cell survival after allergic activation. J Exp Med. 2001;194(11):1561-9.
110. Kitaura J, Song J, Tsai M, Asai K, Maeda-Yamamoto M, Mocsai A, Kawakami Y, Liu FT, Lowell CA, Barisas BG, Galli SJ, Kawakami T. Evidence that IgE molecules mediate a spectrum of effects on mast cell survival and activation via aggregation of the FcepsilonRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(22):12911-6.
111. Matsuoka K, Taya C, Kubo S, Toyama-Sorimachi N, Kitamura F, Ra C, Yonekawa H, Karasuyama H. Establishment of antigen-specific IgE transgenic mice to study pathological and immunobiological roles of IgE in vivo. Int Immunol. 1999;11(6):987-94.
112. Ryan J, Huff TF. Biology of mast cells. In: Adkinson NF, Yunginger J, Busse W, Bochner B, Holgate S, Simons FE, editors. Middleton's Allergy, principles and practice. 6th ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia (PA): Mosby; 2003. p. 330-46.
113. Norozian F, Kashyap M, Ramirez CD, Patel N, Kepley CL, Barnstein BO, Ryan JJ. TGFbeta1 induces mast cell apoptosis. Exp Hematol. 2006;34(5):579-87.
114. Gebhardt T, Lorentz A, Detmer F, Trautwein C, Bektas H, Manns MP, Bischoff SC. Growth, phenotype, and function of human intestinal mast cells are tightly regulated by transforming growth factor beta1. Gut. 2005;54(7):928-34.
115. Crisi GM, Santambrogio L, Hochwald GM, Smith SR, Carlino JA, Thorbecke GJ. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and tumor-necrosis factor-alpha-induced relapses of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: protection by transforming growth factor-beta and interleukin-10. Eur J Immunol. 1995;25(11):3035-40.
116. de Vos S, Brach MA, Asano Y, Ludwig WD, Bettelheim P, Gruss HJ, Herrmann F. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 interferes with the proliferation-inducing activity of stem cell factor in myelogenous leukemia blasts through functional down-regulation of the c-kit proto-oncogene product. Cancer Res. 1993;53(15):3638-42.
117. Dubois CM, Ruscetti FW, Stankova J, Keller JR. Transforming growth factor-beta regulates c-kit message stability and cell-surface protein expression in hematopoietic progenitors. Blood. 1994;83(11):3138-45.
118. Nelms K, Keegan AD, Zamorano J, Ryan JJ, Paul WE. The IL-4 receptor: signaling mechanisms and biologic functions. Annu Rev Immunol. 1999;17:701-38.
119. Chen XJ, Lycke N, Enerback L. Surface and gene expression of immunoglobulin E receptors on mast cells and mast-cell numbers in interleukin-4-gene knockout mice. Immunology. 1999;96(4):544-50.
120. Bailey DP, Kashyap M, Mirmonsef P, Bouton LA, Domen J, Zhu J, Dessypris EN, Ryan JJ. Interleukin-4 elicits apoptosis of developing mast cells via a Stat6-dependent mitochondrial pathway. Exp Hematol. 2004;32(1):52-9.
121. Hu ZQ, Kobayashi K, Zenda N, Shimamura T. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha- and interleukin-6-triggered mast cell development from mouse spleen cells. Blood. 1997;89(2):526-33.
122. Hu ZQ, Zenda N, Shimamura T. Down-regulation by IL-4 and up-regulation by IFN-gamma of mast cell induction from mouse spleen cells. J Immunol. 1996;156(10):3925-31.
123. Hu ZQ, Zhao WH, Shimamura T, Galli SJ. Interleukin-4-triggered, STAT6-dependent production of a factor that induces mouse mast cell apoptosis. Eur J Immunol. 2006;36(5):1275-84.
124. Oskeritzian CA, Wang Z, Kochan JP, Grimes M, Du Z, Chang HW, Grant S, Schwartz LB. Recombinant human (rh)IL-4-mediated apoptosis and recombinant human IL-6-mediated protection of recombinant human stem cell factor-dependent human mast cells derived from cord blood mononuclear cell progenitors. J Immunol. 1999;163(9):5105-15.
125. Daley T, Metcalfe DD, Akin C. Association of the Q576R polymorphism in the interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain with indolent mastocytosis limited to the skin. Blood. 2001;98(3):880-2.
126. Thompson-Snipes L, Dhar V, Bond MW, Mosmann TR, Moore KW, Rennick DM. Interleukin 10: a novel stimulatory factor for mast cells and their progenitors. J Exp Med. 1991;173(2):507-10.
127. Yeatman CF II, Jacobs-Helber SM, Mirmonsef P, Gillespie SR, Bouton LA, Collins HA, Sawyer ST, Shelburne CP, Ryan JJ. Combined stimulation with the T helper cell type 2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 induces mouse mast cell apoptosis. J Exp Med. 2000;192(8):1093-103.
128. Bouton LA, Ramirez CD, Bailey DP, Yeatman CF, Yue J, Wright HV, Domen J, Rosato RR, Grant S, Fischer-Stenger K, Ryan JJ. Costimulation with interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 induces mast cell apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest: the role of p53 and the mitochondrion. Exp Hematol. 2004;32(12):1137-45.
129. Mirmonsef P, Shelburne CP, Fitzhugh Yeatman C II, Chong HJ, Ryan JJ. Inhibition of Kit expression by IL-4 and IL-10 in murine mast cells: role of STAT6 and phosphatidylinositol 3?-kinase. J Immunol. 1999;163(5):2530-9.
130. Nilsson G, Miettinen U, Ishizaka T, Ashman LK, Irani AM, Schwartz LB. Interleukin-4 inhibits the expression of Kit and tryptase during stem cell factordependent development of human mast cells from fetal liver cells. Blood. 1994;84(5):1519-27.
131. Sillaber C, Strobl H, Bevec D, Ashman LK, Butterfield JH, Lechner K, Maurer D, Bettelheim P, Valent P. IL-4 regulates c-kit proto-oncogene product expression in human mast and myeloid progenitor cells. J Immunol. 1991;147(12):4224-8.
132. Welham MJ, Schrader JW. Modulation of c-kit mRNA and protein by hemopoietic growth factors. Mol Cell Biol. 1991;11(5):2901-4.
133. Green DR, Reed JC. Mitochondria and apoptosis. Science. 1998;281(5381):1309-12.
134. Bojes HK, Feng X, Kehrer JP, Cohen GM. Apoptosis in hematopoietic cells (FL5.12) caused by interleukin-3 withdrawal: relationship to caspase activity and the loss of glutathione. Cell Death Differ. 1999;6(1):61-70.
135. Sionov RV, Haupt Y. The cellular response to p53: the decision between life and death. Oncogene. 1999;18(45):6145-57.
136. Mekori YA, Gilfillan AM, Akin C, Hartmann K, Metcalfe DD. Human mast cell apoptosis is regulated through Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL. J Clin Immunol. 2001;21(3):171-4.
137. Zinkel S, Gross A, Yang E. BCL2 family in DNA damage and cell cycle control. Cell Death Differ. 2006;13(8):1351-9.
138. Lindstedt KA, Wang Y, Shiota N, Saarinen J, Hyytiainen M, Kokkonen JO, Keski-Oja J, Kovanen PT. Activation of paracrine TGF-beta1 signaling upon stimulation and degranulation of rat serosal mast cells: a novel function for chymase. FASEB J. 2001;15(8):1377-88.
139. Taipale J, Lohi J, Saarinen J, Kovanen PT, Keski-Oja J. Human mast cell chymase and leukocyte elastase release latent transforming growth factor-beta 1 from the extracellular matrix of cultured human epithelial and endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 1995;270(9):4689-96.
140. Royer B, Varadaradjalou S, Saas P, Gabiot AC, Kantelip B, Feger F, Guillosson JJ, Kantelip JP, Arock M. Autocrine regulation of cord blood-derived human mast cell activation by IL-10. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108(1):80-6.
141. Friend DS, Gurish MF, Austen KF, Hunt J, Stevens RL. Senescent jejunal mast cells and eosinophils in the mouse preferentially translocate to the spleen and draining lymph node, respectively, during the recovery phase of helminth infection. J Immunol. 2000;165(1):344-52.
142. Urban JF Jr, Noben-Trauth N, Donaldson DD, Madden KB, Morris SC, Collins M, Finkelman FD. IL-13, IL-4Ralpha, and Stat6 are required for the expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Immunity. 1998;8(2):255-64.
143. Dombrowicz D, Lin S, Flamand V, Brini AT, Koller BH, Kinet JP. Allergy-associated FcRbeta is a molecular amplifier of IgE- and IgG-mediated in vivo responses. Immunity. 1998;8(4):517-29.
144. Donnadieu E, Jouvin MH, Kinet JP. A second amplifier function for the allergy-associated Fc(epsilon)RIbeta subunit. Immunity. 2000;12(5):515-23.
145. Tridandapani S, Wardrop R, Baran CP, Wang Y, Opalek JM, Caligiuri MA, Marsh CB. TGF-beta 1 suppresses [correction of supresses] myeloid Fc gamma receptor function by regulating the expression and function of the common gamma-subunit. J Immunol. 2003;170(9):4572-7.
146. Kashyap M, Bailey DP, Gomez G, Rivera J, Huff TF, Ryan JJ. TGF-beta1 inhibits late-stage mast cell maturation. Exp Hematol. 2005;33(11):1281-91.
147. Bailey DP, Kashyap M, Bouton LA, Murray PJ, Ryan JJ. Interleukin-10 induces apoptosis in developing mast cells and macrophages. J Leukoc Biol. 2006;80(3):581-9.
148. Mazzoni A, Siraganian RP, Leifer CA, Segal DM. Dendritic cell modulation by mast cells controls the Th1/Th2 balance in responding T cells. J Immunol. 2006;177(6):3577-81.
149. Jawdat DM, Albert EJ, Rowden G, Haidl ID, Marshall JS. IgE-mediated mast cell activation induces Langerhans cell migration in vivo. J Immunol. 2004;173(8):5275-82.
150. Suto H, Nakae S, Kakurai M, Sedgwick JD, Tsai M, Galli SJ. Mast cell-associated TNF promotes dendritic cell migration. J Immunol. 2006;176(7):4102-12.
151. Nakae S, Suto H, Kakurai M, Sedgwick JD, Tsai M, Galli SJ. Mast cells enhance T cell activation: Importance of mast cell-derived TNF. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102(18):6467-72.
152. Nakae S, Suto H, Iikura M, Kakurai M, Sedgwick JD, Tsai M, Galli SJ. Mast cells enhance T cell activation: importance of mast cell costimulatory molecules and secreted TNF. J Immunol. 2006;176(4):2238-48.
153. Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, Itoh M, Toda M. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J Immunol. 1995;155(3):1151-64.
154. Shevach EM, McHugh RS, Thornton AM, Piccirillo C, Natarajan K, Margulies DH. Control of autoimmunity by regulatory T cells. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2001;490:21-32.
155. Shevach EM. From vanilla to 28 flavors: multiple varieties of T regulatory cells. Immunity. 2006;25(2):195-201.
156. Gregg RK, Jain R, Schoenleber SJ, Divekar R, Bell JJ, Lee HH, Yu P, Zaghouani H. A sudden decline in active membrane-bound TGF-beta impairs both T regulatory cell function and protection against autoimmune diabetes. J Immunol. 2004;173(12):7308-16.
157. Oida T, Xu L, Weiner HL, Kitani A, Strober W. TGF-beta-mediated suppression by CD4+CD25+ T cells is facilitated by CTLA-4 signaling. J Immunol. 2006;177(4):2331-9.
158. Di Giacinto C, Marinaro M, Sanchez M, Strober W, Boirivant M. Probiotics ameliorate recurrent Th1-mediated murine colitis by inducing IL-10 and IL-10-dependent TGF-beta-bearing regulatory cells. J Immunol. 2005;174(6):3237-46.
159. Nakamura K, Kitani A, Fuss I, Pedersen A, Harada N, Nawata H, Strober W. TGF-beta 1 plays an important role in the mechanism of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T
160. Kitani A, Fuss I, Nakamura K, Kumaki F, Usui T, Strober W. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-producing regulatory T cells induce Smad-mediated interleukin 10 secretion that facilitates coordinated immunoregulatory activity and amelioration of TGF-beta1-mediated fibrosis. J Exp Med. 2003;198(8):1179-88.
161. Lewkowich IP, Herman NS, Schleifer KW, Dance MP, Chen BL, Dienger KM, Sproles AA, Shah JS, Kohl J, Belkaid Y, Wills-Karp M. CD4+CD25+ T cells protect against experimentally induced asthma and alter pulmonary dendritic cell phenotype and function. J Exp Med. 2005;202(11):1549-61.
162. Lu LF, Lind EF, Gondek DC, Bennett KA, Gleeson MW, Pino-Lagos K, Scott ZA, Coyle AJ, Reed JL, Van Snick J, Strom TB, Zheng XX, Noelle RJ. Mast cells are essential intermediaries in regulatory T-cell tolerance. Nature. 2006;442(7106):997-1002.
163. Zhao DM, Thornton AM, DiPaolo RJ, Shevach EM. Activated CD4+CD25+ T cells selectively kill B lymphocytes. Blood. 2006;107(10):3925-32.