Morituri te salutant? Olfactory signal transduction and the role of phosphoinositides

Journal of Neurocytology

Volumn 34, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 97-116

  Elsaesser, Rebecca ^a   Paysan, Jacques ^b  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CYCLIC AMP; CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE; INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITIDE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE;

BRAIN FUNCTION; CHRONOLOGY; EPITHELIUM CELL; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; HUMAN; NEUROEPITHELIUM; NONHUMAN; NOSE; OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM; REVIEW; SENSORY NERVE CELL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SMELLING;

ANIMALS; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE; ION CHANNELS; MICROVILLI; NOSE; OLFACTORY MUCOSA; OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS; RATS; RECEPTORS, ODORANT; SECOND MESSENGER SYSTEMS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SMELL;

VERTEBRATA;

EID: 29244473871     PISSN: 03004864     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11068-005-5050-z     Document Type: Review

References (259)

1. ACHE, B. W., FADOOL, D. A., HATT, H. & ZHAINAZAROV, A. (1995) Lobster olfactory receptor-cells express multiple odor activated conductances. Chemical Senses 20, 149-150.
2. ACHE, B. W. & ZHAINAZAROV, A. (1995) Dual 2nd-messenger pathways in olfactory transduction. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 5, 461-466.
3. ADAMEK, G. D., GESTELAND, R. C., MAIR, R. G. & OAKLEY, B. (1984) Transduction physiology of olfactory receptor cilia. Brain Research 310, 87-97.
4. ADRIAN, E. D. (1950) Sensory discrimination - with some recent evidence from the olfactory organ. British Medical Bulletin 6, 330-332.
5. AFSHAR, M., HUBBARD, R. E. & DEMAILLE, J. (1998) Towards structural models of molecular recognition in olfactory receptors. Biochimie 80, 129-135.
6. AGHAMIRSALIM, P., RAUHUT, O. & MERKER, H. J. (1993) Electron and fluorescence microscopic investigations on composition and structure of the epithelial basement-membrane of the human inferior nasal concha. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology 250, 401-407.
7. AMOORE, J. E. & HAUTALA, E. (1983) Odor as an aid to chemical safety: Odor thresholds compared with threshold limit values and volatilities for 214 industrial chemicals in air and water dilution. Journal of Applied Toxicology 3, 272-290.
8. ANDRADE, Y. N., FERNANDES, J., VAZQUEZ, E., FERNANDEZ-FERNANDEZ, J. M., ARNIGES, M., SANCHEZ, T. M., VILLALON, M. & VALVERDE, M. A. (2005) TRPV4 channel is involved in the coupling of fluid viscosity changes to epithelial ciliary activity. Journal of Cell Biology 168, 869-874.
9. ANDRES, K. H. (1969) The olfactory epithelium of the cat. Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 96, 250-274.
10. ANHOLT, R. R. H., AEBI, U. & SNYDER, S. H. (1986) A Partially Purified Preparation of Isolated chemosensory cilia from the olfactory epithelium of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Journal of Neuroscience 6, 1962-1969.
11. ARANEDA, R. C., KINI, A. D. & FIRESTEIN, S. (2000) The molecular receptive range of an odorant receptor. Nature Neuroscience 3, 1248-1255.
12. ASAN, E. & DRENCKHAHN, D. (2005) Immunocytochemical characterization of two types of microvillar cells in rodent olfactory epithelium. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 123, 157-168.
13. ASANO-MIYOSHI, M., ABE, K. & EMORI, Y. (2001) IP3 receptor type 3 and PLC beta 2 are co-expressed with taste receptors T1R and T2R inrat taste bud cells. Chemical Senses 26, 259-265.
14. AXEL, R. (1995) The molecular logic of smell. Scientific American 273, 154-159.
15. BAKALYAR, H. A. & REED, R. R. (1990) Identification of a specialized adenylyl cyclase that may mediate odorant detection. Science 250, 1403-1406.
16. BALASUBRAMANIAN, S., LYNCH, J. W. & BARRY, P. H. (1996) Calcium-dependent modulation of the agonist affinity of the mammalian olfactory cyclic nucleotidegated channel by calmodulin and a novel endogenous factor. Journal of Membrane Biology 152, 13-23.
17. BALDISSERI, D. M., MARGOLIS, J. W., WEBER, D. J., KOO, J. H. & MARGOLIS, F. (2002) Olfactory marker protein (OMP) exhibits a beta-clam fold in solution: Implications for target peptide interaction and olfactory signal transduction. Journal of Molecular Biology 319, 823-837.
18. BARINAGA, M. (1996) Mutant mice and worms help solve mysteries of olfaction. Science 274, 500-501.
19. BARRY, P. H. (2003) The relative contributions of cAMP and InsP3 pathways to olfactory responses in vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons and the specificity of odorants for both pathways. Journal of General Physiology 122, 247-250.
20. BEIDLER, L. M. & TUCKER, D. (1955) Response of nasal epithelium to odor stimulation. Science 122, 76.
21. BELLUSCIO, L., GOLD, G. H., NEMES, A. & AXEL, R. (1998) Mice deficient in G(olf) are anosmic. Neuron 20, 69-81.
22. BERLIS, A., PUTZ, R. & SCHUMACHER, M. (1992a) Direct and CT measurements of canals and foramina of the skull base. British Journal of Radiology 65, 653-661.
23. BERLIS, A., PUTZ, R. & SCHUMACHER, M. (1992b) Measurements and variations of the optic canal. CT and anatomy. Radiologe 32, 436-440.
24. BERRIDGE, M. J. (1983) Rapid Accumulation of inositol trisphosphate reveals that agonists hydrolyze polyphosphoinositides instead of phosphatidylinositol. Biochemical Journal 212, 849-858.
25. BERRIDGE, M. J. & IRVINE, R. F. (1984) Inositol trisphosphate, a novel second messenger in cellular signal transduction. Nature 312, 315-321.
26. BERRIDGE, M. J. & IRVINE, R. F. (1989) Inositol phosphates and cell signaling. Nature 341, 197-205.
27. BERRIDGE, M. J., LIPP, P. & BOOTMAN, M. D. (2000) Signal transduction. The calcium entry pas de deux. Science 287, 1604-1605.
28. BHANDAWAT, V., REISERT, J. & YAU, K. W. (2005) Elementary response of olfactory receptor neurons to odorants. Science 308, 1931-1934.
29. BINDER, L. I., FRANKFURTER, A., KIM, H., CACERES, A., PAYNE, M. R. & REBHUN, L. I. (1984) Heterogeneity of microtubule-associated protein-2 during rat-brain development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America-Biological Sciences 81, 5613-5617.
30. BLITZER, R. D., OMRI, G., DEVIVO, M., CARTY, D. J., PREMONT, R. T., CODINA, J., BIRNBAUMER, L., COTECCHIA, S., CARON, M. G., LEFKOWITZ, R. J., LANDAU, E. M. & IYENGAR, R. (1993) Coupling of the expressed alpha-1B-adrenergic receptor to the phospholipase-C pathway in Xenopus oocytes - the role of G(O). Journal of Biological Chemistry 268, 7532-7537.
31. BOEKHOFF, I., MICHEL, W. C., BREER, H. & ACHE, B. W. (1994) Single odors differentially stimulate dual 2nd messenger pathways in lobster olfactory receptor-cells. Journal of Neuroscience 14, 3304-3309.
32. BOEKHOFF, I., STROTMANN, J., RAMING, K., TAREILUS, E. & BREER, H. (1990a) Odorant-sensitive phospholipase-C in insect antennae. Cellular Signalling 2, 49-56.
33. BOEKHOFF, I., TAREILUS, E., STROTMANN, J. & BREER, H. (1990b) Rapid activation of alternative 2nd messenger pathways in olfactory cilia from rats by different odorants. EMBO Journal 9, 2453-2458.
34. BOYLE, A. G., PARK, Y. S., HUQUE, T. & BRUCH, R. C. (1987) Properties of phospholipase-C in isolated olfactory cilia from the channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 88, 767-775.
35. BRADLEY, J., BONIGK, W., YAU, K. W. & FRINGS, S. (2004) Calmodulin permanently associates with rat olfactory CNG channels under native conditions. Nature Neuroscience 7, 705-710.
36. BRADLEY, J., REUTER, D. & FRINGS, S. (2001) Facilitation of calmodulin-mediated odor adaptation by cAMP-gated channel subunits. Science 294, 2176-2178.
37. BRAUN, N. & ZIMMERMANN, H. (1998) Association of Ecto-5′- nucleotidase with specific cell types in the adult and developing rat olfactory organ. Journal of Comparative Neurology 393, 528-537.
38. BREER, H. & BOEKHOFF, I. (1991) Odorants of the same odor class activate different 2nd messenger pathways. Chemical Senses 16, 19-29.
39. BREER, H., BOEKHOFF, I. & TAREILUS, E. (1990) Rapid kinetics of second messenger formation in olfactory transduction. Nature 345, 65-68.
40. BROILLET, M. C. (2000) A single intracellular cysteine residue is responsible for the activation of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel by NO. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, 15135-15141.
41. BROILLET, M. C. & FIRESTEIN, S. (1996a) Direct activation of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel through modification of sulfhydryl groups by NO compounds. Neuron 16, 377-385.
42. BROILLET, M. C. & FIRESTEIN, S. (1996b) Gaseous second messengers in vertebrate olfaction. Journal of Neurobiology 30, 49-57.
43. BROILLET, M. C. & FIRESTEIN, S. (1997) beta subunits of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated channel form a nitric oxide activated Ca2+ channel. Neuron 18, 951-958.
44. BROILLET, M. C. & FIRESTEIN, S. (1999) Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels - Molecular mechanisms of activation. Molecular and Functional Diversity of Ion Channels and Receptors 868, 730-740.
45. BRUCH, R. C. (1996) Phosphoinositide second messengers in olfaction. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B-Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 113, 451-459.
46. BRUCH, R. C. & HUQUE, T. (1986) Odorant-stimulated and guanine nucleotide-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in olfactory cilia. Chemical Senses 11, 585-586.
47. BRUCH, R. C. & KANG, J. S. (1995) Phosphoinositide signaling in olfactory rosettes from channel catfish. Chemical Senses 20, 36-36.
48. BRUNET, L. J., GOLD, G. H. & NGAI, J. (1996) General anosmia caused by a targeted disruption of the mouse olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel. Neuron 17, 681-693.
49. BUCK, L. & AXEL, R. (1991) A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell 65, 175-187.
50. BUCK, L. B. (2004) Olfactory receptors and odor coding in mammals. Nutrition Reviews 62, S184-S188.
51. BUIAKOVA, O., BAKER, H., STEWART, C., ABBONDANZO, S., FRANZEN, L. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (1995) Olfactory marker protein (OMP) null mice: Generation and characterization. Chemical Senses 20, 37-37.
52. BUIAKOVA, O. I., BAKER, H., SCOTT, J. W., FARBMAN, A., KREAM, R., GRILLO, M., FRANZEN, L., RICHMAN, M., DAVIS, L. M., ABBONDANZO, S., STEWART, C. L. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (1996) Olfactory marker protein (OMP) gene deletion causes altered physiological activity of olfactory sensory neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 9858-9863.
53. CARMEL, L., HAREL, D. & LANCET, D. (2001) Estimating the size of the olfactory repertoire. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 63, 1063-1078.
54. CARR, V. M., FARBMAN, A. I., COLLETTI, L. M. & MORGAN, J. I. (1991) Identification of a new non-neuronal cell type in rat olfactory epithelium. Neuroscience 45, 433-449.
55. CHEN, Z., PACE, U., HELDMAN, J., SHAPIRA, A. & LANCET, D. (1986) Isolated frog olfactory cilia - a preparation of dendritic membranes from chemosensory neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 6, 2146-2154.
56. CHEN, S., LANE, A. P., BOCK, R., LEINDERS-ZUFALL, T. & ZUFALL, F. (2000) Blocking adenylyl cyclase inhibits olfactory generator currents induced by "IP3-odors". Journal of Neurophysiology 84, 575-580.
57. CHEN, T. Y. & YAU, K. W. (1994) Direct modulation by Ca(2+)-calmodulin of cyclic nucleotide-activated channel of rat olfactory receptor neurons. Nature 368, 545-548.
58. CHEN, X. Y., FANG, H. S. & SCHWOB, J. E. (2004) Multipotency of purified, transplanted globose basal cells in olfactory epithelium. Journal of Comparative Neurology 469, 457-474.
59. CHESS, A., SIMON, I., CEDAR, H. & AXEL, R. (1994) Allelic inactivation regulates olfactory receptor gene expression. Cell 78, 823-834.
60. CUNNINGHAM, A. M., RYUGO, D. K., SHARP, A. H., REED, R. R., SNYDER, S. H. & RONNETT, G. V. (1993) Neuronal inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor localized to the plasma membrane of olfactory cilia. Neuroscience 57, 339-352.
61. DEøVRIES, H. & STUIVER, M. (1961) The absolute sensitivity of the human sense of smell. In: Sensory communication, contributions (edited by Rosenblith, W. A.), pp. 159-167. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
62. DHALLAN, R. S., YAU, K. W., SCHRADER, K. A. & REED, R. R. (1990) Primary structure and functional expression of a cyclic nucleotide-activated channel from olfactory neurons. Nature 347, 184-187.
63. D VING, K. (2003) David Ottoson (1918-2001) - Obituary. Chemical Senses 28, 83-84.
64. ECKER, A. (1855) Ueber das Epithelium der Riechschleimhaut und die wahrscheinliche Endigung der Geruchsnerven beim Menschen und den Säugethieren. Berichte über die Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft zur Beförderung der Naturwissenschaften 12, 169-206.
65. ELSAESSER, R., MONTANI, G., TIRINDELLI, R. & PAYSAN, J. (2005) Phosphatidyl-inositide signalling proteins in a novel class of sensory cells in the mammalian olfactory epithelium. European Journal of Neuroscience 21, 2692-2700.
66. FARBMAN, A. I. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (1978) Immunocytochemical studies of olfactory marker protein in developing olfactory mucosa of mice and rats. Anatomical Record 190, 392-392.
67. FARBMAN, A. I. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (1980) Olfactory marker protein during ontogeny - immunohistochemical localization. Developmental Biology 74, 205-215.
68. FIRESTEIN, S. (2001) How the olfactory system makes sense of scents. Nature 413, 211-218.
69. FIRESTEIN, S. (2004) A code in the nose. Science's STKE 2004, pe15.
70. FORRESTER, A. T. & PARKINS, W. E. (1951) A test of the infrared absorption theory of olfaction. Science 114, 5-6.
71. FORSTNER, G. (1995) Signal-transduction, packaging and secretion of mucins. Annual Review of Physiology 57, 585-605.
72. FRINGS, S. (2001) Chemoelectrical signal transduction in olfactory sensory neurons of air-breathing vertebrates. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 58, 510-519.
73. FRINGS, S., SEIFERT, R., GODDE, M. & KAUPP, U. B. (1995) Profoundly different calcium permeation and blockage determine the specific function of distinct cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Neuron 15, 169-179.
74. FUNG, B. K. K., HURLEY, J. B. & STRYER, L. (1981) Flow of information in the light-triggered cyclic-nucleotide cascade of vision. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America-Biological Sciences 78, 152-156.
75. GAMBA, G. (2005) Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters. Physiological Reviews 85, 423-493.
76. GETCHELL, T. V. (1986) Functional properties of vertebrate olfactory receptor neurons. Physiological Reviews 66, 772-818.
77. GETHER, U. (2000) Uncovering molecular mechanisms involved in activation of G protein-coupled receptors. Endocrine Reviews 21, 90-113.
78. GOGOL, N. I. V. E., ENGLISH, C. & PEACE, R. A. (1995) Petersburg Tales. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.
79. GOLD, G. H. (1999) Controversial issues in vertebrate olfactory transduction. Annual Review of Physiology 61, 857-871.
80. GOLD, G. H. & LOWE, G. (1995) Single odorant molecules. Nature 376, 27-27.
81. GOMEZ, G., RAWSON, N. E., HAHN, C. G., MICHAELS, R. & RESTREPO, D. (2000) Characteristics of odorant elicited calcium changes in cultured human olfactory neurons. Journal of Neuroscience Research 62, 737-749.
82. GUO, Y. J., REBECCHI, M. & SCARLATA, S. (2005) Phospholipase C beta(2) binds to and inhibits phospholipase C delta(1). Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 1438-1447.
83. HAMM, W. (1855) Chemische Bilder aus dem täglichen Leben. Leipzig: Verlagsbuchhandlung von J. J. Weber.
84. HARTZELL, C., PUTZIER, I. & ARREOLA, J. (2005) Calcium-activated chloride channels. Annual Review of Physiology 67, 719-758.
85. HATT, H., GISSELMAN, G. & WETZEL, C. (1999) Cloning, functional expression and characterization of a human olfactory receptor. Cellular and Molecular Biology 45, 285-291.
86. HOFMANN, T., OBUKHOV, A. G., SCHAEFER, M., HARTENECK, C., GUDERMANN, T. & SCHULTZ, G. (1999) Direct activation of human TRPC6 and TRPC3 channels by diacylglycerol. Nature 397, 259-263.
87. HONDA, E., TEETER, J. H. & RESTREPO, D. (1995) InsP(3)-gated ion channels in rat olfactory cilia membrane. Brain Research 703, 79-85.
88. HUQUE, T. & BRUCH, R. C. (1986) Odorant and guanine nucleotide-stimulated phosphoinositide turnover in olfactory cilia. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 137, 36-42.
89. IVIC, L., PYRSKI, M. M., MARGOLIS, J. W., RICHARDS, L. J., FIRESTEIN, S. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (2000) Adenoviral vector-mediated rescue of the OMP-null phenotype in vivo. Nature Neuroscience 3, 1113-1120.
90. JONES, D. T. & REED, R. R. (1989) Golf: An olfactory neuron specific-G protein involved in odorant signal transduction. Science 244, 790-795.
91. JOURDAN, F. (1975) Ultrastructural study of olfactory epithelium of rat - Occurrence of several morphological types of receptor cells. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des Seances De L Academie Des Sciences Serie D 280, 443-446.
92. JUILFS, D. M. & BEAVO, J. A. (1995) cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase localized in a subset of olfactory receptor neurons. FASEB Journal 9, A678-A678.
93. JUILFS, D. M., FULLE, H. J., ZHAO, A. Z., HOUSLAY, M. D., GARBERS, D. L. & BEAVO, J. A. (1997) A subset of olfactory neurons that selectively express cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase (PDE2) and guanyl yl cyclase-D define a unique olfactory signal transduction pathway. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94, 3388-3395.
94. KALINOSKI, D. L., ALDINGER, S. B., BOYLE, A. G., HUQUE, T., MARECEK, J. F., PRESTWICH, G. D. & RESTREPO, D. (1992) Characterization of a novel inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor in isolated olfactory cilia. Biochemical Journal 281, 449-456.
95. KANEKO, H., PUTZIER, I., FRINGS, S., KAUPP, U. B. & GENSCH, T. (2004) Chloride accumulation in mammalian olfactory sensory neurons. Journal of Neuroscience 24, 7931-7938.
96. KANEKO, H., PUTZIER, I., GENSCH, T., KAUPP, U. B. & FRINGS, S. (2003) Determination of intracellular chloride concentration in dendritic knobs of olfactory sensory neurons using fluorescence lifetime imaging. Journal of General Physiology 122, 16A-16A.
97. KANG, W. S., LEE, W. K., SEO, M. S., KIM, J. K., HAN, J. W., MOON, Y. W., CHO, K. K., KIM, M. J., LEE, K. H., KIM, Y. S., JO, Y. H. & CHOI, C. R. (2000) Cellular distribution of isozymes of protein kinase C in septal olfactory epithelium of mice. Neuroscience Letters 288, 143-146.
98. KASRI, N. N., HOLMES, A. M., BULTYNCK, G., PARYS, J. B., BOOTMAN, M. D., RIETDORF, K., MISSIAEN, L., MCDONALD, F., DE SMEDT, H., CONWAY, S. J., HOLMES, A. B., BERRIDGE, M. J. & RODERICK, H. L. (2004) Regulation of InsP(3) receptor activity by neuronal Ca2+-binding proteins. EMBO Journal 23, 312-321.
99. KATADA, S., HIROKAWA, T., OKA, Y., SUWA, M. & TOUHARA, K. (2005) Structural basis for a broad but selective ligand spectrum of a mouse olfactory receptor: Mapping the odorant-binding site. Journal of Neuroscience 25, 1806-1815.
100. KAUR, R., ZHU, X. O., MOORHOUSE, A. J. & BARRY, P. H. (2001) IP3-gated channels and their occurrence relative to CNG channels in the soma and dendritic knob of rat olfactory receptor neurons. Journal of Membrane Biology 181, 91-105.
101. KELLER, A. & VOSSHALL, L. B. (2004) A psychophysical test of the vibration theory of olfaction. Nature Neuroscience 7, 337-338.
102. KELLIHER, K. R., ZIESMANN, J., MUNGER, S. D., REED, R. R. & ZUFALL, F. (2003) Importance of the CNGA4 channel gene for odor discrimination and adaptation in behaving mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100, 4299-4304.
103. KLEENE, S. J. (1993) Origin of the chloride current in olfactory transduction. Neuron 11, 123-132.
104. KLEENE, S. J. (1997) High-gain, low-noise amplification in olfactory transduction. Biophysical Journal 73, 1110-1117.
105. KOO, J. H., GILL, S., PANNELL, L. K., MENCO, B. PH. M., MARGOLIS, J. W. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (2004) The interaction of Bex and OMP reveals a dimer of OMP with a short half-life. Journal of Neurochemistry 90, 102-116.
106. KOO, J. H., MARGOLIS, J. W., BEHRENS, M., PYRSKI, M. M. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (2001) Purification and characterization of Bex, an OMP partner. FASEB Journal 15, A894-A894.
107. KOO, J. H., SARASWATI, M. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (2005) Immunolocalization of Bex protein in the mouse brain and olfactory system. Journal of Comparative Neurology 487, 1-14.
108. KOYAMA, N. & KURIHARA, K. (1972) Effect of odorants on lipid monolayers from bovine olfactory epithelium. Nature 236, 402-404.
109. KRAUTWURST, D., YAU, K. W. & REED, R. R. (1998) Identification of ligands for olfactory receptors by functional expression of a receptor library. Cell 95, 917-926.
110. KURAHASHI, T. & MENINI, A. (1997) Mechanism of odorant adaptation in the olfactory receptor cell. Nature 385, 725-729.
111. KURAHASHI, T. & YAU, K. W. (1993) Co-existence of cationic and chloride components in odorant-induced current of vertebrate olfactory receptor cells. Nature 363, 71-74.
112. KURIHARA, K. & KOYAMA, N. (1972) High activity of adenyl-cyclase in olfactory and gustatory organs. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 48, 30-34.
113. KWON, B. S., KIM, M. K., KIM, W. H., PYO, J. S., CHEON, Y. H., CHA, C. I., NAM, S. Y., BAIK, T. K. & LEE, B. L. (2005) Age-related changes in microvillar cells of rat olfactory epithelium. Neuroscience Letters 378, 65-69.
114. LANCET, D. (1986) Vertebrate olfactory reception. Annual Review of Neuroscience 9, 329-355.
115. LE GROS CLARK, W. E. (1956) Observations on the structure and organization of olfactory receptors in the rabbit. The Yale journal of biology and medicine 29, 83-95.
116. LETTVIN, J. Y. & GESTELAND, R. C. (1965) Speculations on smell. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 30, 217-225.
117. LEWCOCK, J. W. & REED, R. R. (2004) A feedback mechanism regulates monoallelic odorant receptor expression. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 101, 1069-1074.
118. LIEBICH, H. G. (1975) Zum Bau der oberen Luftwege der weißen Ratte (Mus rattus norvegicus, var. albinos). Anatomischer Anzeiger 138, 170-179.
119. LIN, W. H., ARELLANO, J., SLOTNICK, B. & RESTREPO, D. (2004) Odors detected by mice deficient in cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit A2 stimulate the main olfactory system. Journal of Neuroscience 24, 3703-3710.
120. LINDEN, J. (1991) Structure and function of adenosine-A1-receptors. FASEB Journal 5, 2668-2676.
121. LISCHKA, F. W., HONDA, E., TEETER, J. H. & RESTREPO, D. (1995) Characterization of InsP(3)-activated channels in reconstituted membranes and excised patches from rat olfactory neurons. Chemical Senses 20, 171-171.
122. LISCHKA, F. W., ZVIMAN, M. M., TEETER, J. H. & RESTREPO, D. (1999) Characterization of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channels in the plasma membrane of rat olfactory neurons. Biophysical Journal 76, 1410-1422.
123. LIU, M., CHEN, T. Y., AHAMED, B., LI, J. & YAU, K. W. (1994) Calcium-calmodulin modulation of the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel. Science 266, 1348-1354.
124. LLEDO, P. M., GHEUSI, G. & VINCENT, J. D. (2005) Information processing in the mammalian olfactory system. Physiological Reviews 85, 281-317.
125. LO, Y. H., BELLIS, S. L., CHENG, L. J., PANG, J. D., BRADLEY, T. M. & RHOADS, D. E. (1994) Signal-transduction for taurocholic acid in the olfactory system of atlantic salmon. Chemical Senses 19, 371-380.
126. LO, Y. H., BRADLEY, T. M. & RHOADS, D. E. (1993) Stimulation of Ca(2+)-regulated olfactory phospholipase C by amino acids. Biochemistry 32, 12358-12362.
127. LOWE, G. & GOLD, G. H. (1993) Nonlinear amplification by calcium-dependent chloride channels in olfactory receptor cells. Nature 366, 283-286.
128. LOWE, G. & GOLD, G. H. (1995) Olfactory transduction is intrinsically noisy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 7864-7868.
129. LOWE, G., NAKAMURA, T. & GOLD, G. H. (1989) Adenylate-cyclase mediates olfactory transduction for a wide variety of odorants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 86, 5641-5645.
130. LUCRETIUS CARUS, T. & ESOLEN, A. M. (1995) On the nature of things = De rerum natura. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
131. LUDWIG, J., MARGALIT, T., EISMANN, E., LANCET, D. & KAUPP, U. B. (1990) Primary structure of cAMP-gated channel from bovine olfactory epithelium. FEBS Letters 270, 24-29.
132. LYNCH, J. W. (1998) Nitric oxide inhibition of the rat olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel. Journal of Membrane Biology 165, 227-234.
133. MALNIC, B., HIRONO, J., SATO, T. & BUCK, L. B. (1999) Combinatorial receptor codes for odors. Cell 96, 713-723.
134. MANZINI, I., ROSSLER, W. & SCHILD, D. (2002) cAMP-independent responses of olfactory neurons in Xenopus laevis tadpoles and their projection onto olfactory bulb neurons. Journal of Physiology-London 545, 475-484.
135. MANZINI, I. & SCHILD, D. (2003) cAMP-independent olfactory transduction of amino acids in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Journal of Physiology-London 551, 115-123.
136. MENCO, B. PH. M. (1977) A qualitative and quantitative investigation of olfactory and nasal respiratory mucosal surfaces of cow and sheep based on various ultrastructural and biochemical methods. Communications Agricultural University Wageningen, 77(13), 1-157
137. MENCO, B. PH. M. (1980) Qualitative and quantitative freeze-fracture studies on olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelial surfaces of frog, ox, rat, and dog. 3. Tight-Junctions. Cell and Tissue Research 211, 361-373.
138. MENCO, B. PH. M. (1984) Ciliated and microvillous structures of rat olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelia - a study using ultra-rapid cryo-fixation followed by freeze-substitution or freeze-etching. Cell and Tissue Research 235, 225-241.
139. MENCO, B. PH. M. (1997) Ultrastructural aspects of olfactory signaling. Chemical Senses 22, 295-311.
140. MENCO, B. PH. M. & BENOS, D. J. (1990) Microvilli of rat olfactory supporting cells contain ample amiloride-sensitive sodium-channels - a rapid-freeze, freeze-substitution lowicryl K11M embedding immunocytochemical study. Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 38, 1069-1069.
141. MENCO, B. PH. M., DODD, G. H., DAVEY, M. & BANNISTER, L. H. (1976) Presence of membrane particles in freeze-etched bovine olfactory cilia. Nature 263, 597-599.
142. MENCO, B. PH. M., LEUNISSEN, J. L. M., BANNISTER, L. H. & DODD, G. H. (1978) Bovine olfactory and nasal respiratory epithelium surfaces - high-voltage and scanning electron-microscopy and cryo-ultramicrotomy. Cell and Tissue Research 193, 503-524.
143. MENCO, B. PH. M. & MORRISON, E. E. (2003) Morphology of the mammalian olfactory epithelium: Form, fine structure, function, and pathology. In: Handbook of olfaction and gustation (edited by Doty, R. L.), pp. 17-49. New York: Marcel Dekker.
144. MENDOZA, A. S. (1993) Morphological-studies on the rodent main and accessory olfactory systems - the regio olfactoria and vomeronasal organ. Annals of Anatomy-Anatomischer Anzeiger 175, 425-446.
145. MENEVSE, A. (1976) Biochemical aspects of olfactory mechanisms. Thesis. Department of Molecular Sciences. The University of Warwick. Warwick.
146. MENEVSE, A., DODD, G. H. & POYNDER, T. M. (1977) Evidence for specific involvement of cyclic-AMP in olfactory transduction mechanism. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 77, 671-677.
147. MENINI, A. (1999) Calcium signalling and regulation in olfactory neurons. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 9, 419-426.
148. MENINI, A., LAGOSTENA, L. & BOCCACCIO, A. (2004) Olfaction: From odorant molecules to the olfactory cortex. News in Physiological Sciences 19, 101-104.
149. MENINI, A., PICCO, C. & FIRESTEIN, S. (1995) Quantallike current fluctuations induced by odorants in olfactory receptor cells. Nature 373, 435-437.
150. MEYER, M. R., ANGELE, A., KREMMER, E., KAUPP, U. B. & MULLER, F. (2000) A cGMP-signaling pathway in a subset of olfactory sensory neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97, 10595-10600.
151. MIKOSHIBA, K. (1997) The InsP(3) receptor and intracellular Ca2+ signaling. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 7, 339-345.
152. MILLER, M. L., ANDRINGA, A., EVANS, J. E. & HASTINGS, L. (1995) Microvillar cells of the olfactory epithelium - morphology and regeneration following exposure to toxic compounds. Brain Research 669, 1-9.
153. MINOR, A. V. & KAISSLING, K. E. (2003) Cell responses to single pheromone molecules may reflect the activation kinetics of olfactory receptor molecules. Journal of Comparative Physiology A-Neuroethology Sensory Neural and Behavioral Physiology 189, 221-230.
154. MIRAGALL, F., KRAUSE, D., DE VRIES, U. & DERMIETZEL, R. (1994) Expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in the olfactory system - Presence of ZO-1 on olfactory sensory neurons and glial-cells. Journal of Comparative Neurology 341, 433-448.
155. MIYAZAKI, S. (1995) Inositol trisphosphate receptor-mediated spatiotemporal calcium signaling. Current Opinion in Cell Biology 7, 190-196.
156. MOMBAERTS, P. (2001) The human repertoire of odorant receptor genes and pseudogenes. Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 2, 493-510.
157. MOMBAERTS, P. (2004) Odorant receptor gene choice in olfactory sensory neurons: The one receptor-one neuron hypothesis revisited. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 14, 31-36.
158. MOMBAERTS, P., WANG, F., DULAC, C., VASSAR, R., CHAO, S. K., NEMES, A., MENDELSOHN, M., EDMONDSON, J. & AXEL, R. (1996) The molecular biology of olfactory perception. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 61, 135-145.
159. MONCRIEFF, J. W. & HELLER, K. S. (1967) Acylation - a proposed mechanism of action for various oncolytic agents based on model chemical systems. Cancer Research 27, 1500-1502.
160. MORAN, D. T., ROWLEY, J. C. & JAFEK, B. W. (1982) Electron-microscopy of human olfactory epithelium reveals a new cell type - the microvillar cell. Brain Research 253, 39-46.
161. MORI, K. & YOSHIHARA, Y. (1995) Molecular recognition and olfactory processing in the mammalian olfactory system. Progress in Neurobiology 45, 585-619.
162. MORIARTY, T. M., PADRELL, E., CARTY, D. J., OMRI, G., LANDAU, E. M. & IYENGAR, R. (1990) Go-protein as signal transducer in the pertussis toxin-sensitive phosphatidylinositol pathway. Nature 343, 79-82.
163. MORRISON, E. E. & COSTANZO, R. M. (1990) Morphology of the human olfactory epithelium. Journal of Comparative Neurology 297, 1-13.
164. NAKAMURA, T. (2000) Cellular and molecular constituents of olfactory sensation in vertebrates. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A-Molecular and Integrative Physiology 126, 17-32.
165. NAKAMURA, T. & GOLD, G. H. (1987) A cyclic nucleotidegated conductance in olfactory receptor cilia. Nature 325, 442-444.
166. NIIMURA, Y. & NEI, M. (2005a) Evolutionary changes of the number of olfactory receptor genes in the human and mouse lineages. Gene 346, 23-28.
167. NIIMURA, Y. & NEI, M. (2005b) Evolutionary dynamics of olfactory receptor genes in fishes and tetrapods. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102, 6039-6044.
168. NOE, J. & BREER, H. (1998) Functional and molecular characterization of individual olfactory neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry 71, 2286-2293.
169. NORTHUP, J. K., STERNWEIS, P. C., SMIGEL, M. D., SCHLEIFER, L. S., ROSS, E. M. & GILMAN, A. G. (1980) Purification of the regulatory component of adenylate-cyclase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America-Biological Sciences 77, 6516-6520.
170. OKADA, Y., TEETER, J. H. & RESTREPO, D. (1994) Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated conductance in isolated rat olfactory neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 71, 595-602.
171. OKANO, M., WEBER, A. F. & FROMMES, S. P. (1967) Electron microscopic studies of distal border of canine olfactory epithelium. Journal of Ultrastructure Research 17, 487-502.
172. OTTOSON, D. (1956) Analysis of the electrical activity of the olfactory epithelium. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 35, 7-83.
173. PACE, U., HANSKI, E., SALOMON, Y. & LANCET, D. (1985) Odorant-sensitive adenylate cyclase may mediate olfactory reception. Nature 316, 255-258.
174. PADRELL, E., CARTY, D. J., MORIARTY, T. M., HILDEBRANDT, J. D., LANDAU, E. M. & IYENGAR, R. (1991) 2 Forms of the bovine brain GO that stimulate the inositol trisphosphate-mediated Cl- currents in Xenopus-oocytes - Distinct guanine-nucleotide binding-properties. Journal of Biological Chemistry 266, 9771-9777.
175. PALAY, S. L. (1991) The general architecture of sensory neuroepithelia. Ciba Foundation Symposia 160, 3-24.
176. PAYSAN, J. & BREER, H. (2001) Molecular physiology of odor detection: Current views. Pflugers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology 441, 579-586.
177. PERSAUD, K. & DODD, G. (1982) Analysis of discrimination mechanisms in the mammalian olfactory system using a model nose. Nature 299, 352-355.
178. RAFOLS, J. A. & GETCHELL, T. V. (1983) Morphological relations between the receptor neurons, sustentacular cells and Schwann-cells in the olfactory mucosa of the salamander. Anatomical Record 206, 87-101.
179. RAMING, K., KRIEGER, J., STROTMANN, J., BOEKHOFF, I., KUBICK, S., BAUMSTARK, C. & BREER, H. (1993) Cloning and expression of odorant receptors. Nature 361, 353-356.
180. ORAWSON, N. E., GOMEZ, G., COWART, B., BRAND, J. G., LOWRY, L. D., PRIBITKIN, E. A. & RESTREPO, D. (1997) Selectivity and response characteristics of human olfactory neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology 77, 1606-1613.
181. REED, R. R. (2004) After the holy grail: Establishing a molecular basis for mammalian olfaction. Cell 116, 329-336.
182. REISERT, J., BAUER, P. J., YAU, K. W. & FRINGS, S. (2003) The Ca-activated Cl channel and its control in rat olfactory receptor neurons. Journal of General Physiology 122, 349-363.
183. REISERT, J., LAI, J., YAU, K. W. & BRADLEY, J. (2005) Mechanism of the excitatory Cl- response in mouse olfactory receptor neurons. Neuron 45, 553-561.
184. RESTREPO, D. (2005) The ins and outs of intracellular chloride in olfactory receptor neurons. Neuron 45, 481-482.
185. RESTREPO, D., BOEKHOFF, I. & BREER, H. (1993) Rapid kinetic measurements of 2nd messenger formation in olfactory cilia from channel catfish. American Journal of Physiology 264, C906-C911.
186. RESTREPO, D., BOYLE, A. G., MARECEK, J. F., PRESTWICH, G. D. & KALINOSKI, D. L. (1991) Biochemical-characterization and identification of a novel inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor protein in olfactory cilia. Journal of General Physiology 98, A16-A17.
187. RESTREPO, D., MIYAMOTO, T., BRYANT, B. P. & TEETER, J. H. (1990) Odor stimuli trigger influx of calcium into olfactory neurons of the channel catfish. Science 249, 1166-1168.
188. RESTREPO, D., TEETER, J. H., HONDA, E., BOYLE, A. G., MARECEK, J. F., PRESTWICH, G. D. & KALINOSKI, D. L. (1992) Evidence for an Insp3-gated channel protein in isolated rat olfactory cilia. American Journal of Physiology 263, C667-C673.
189. RESTREPO, D., TEETER, J. H. & SCHILD, D. (1996) Second messenger signaling in olfactory transduction. Journal of Neurobiology 30, 37-48.
190. REUTER, D., ZIEROLD, K., SCHRODER, W. H. & FRINGS, S. (1998) A depolarizing chloride current contributes to chemoelectrical transduction in olfactory sensory neurons in situ. Journal of Neuroscience 18, 6623-6630.
191. RIESGOESCOVAR, J., RAHA, D. & CARLSON, J. R. (1995) Requirement for a phospholipase-C in odor response - Overlap between olfaction and vision in Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 2864-2868.
192. ROBISON, G. A., BUTCHER, R. W. & SUTHERLAND, E. W. (1968) Cyclic AMP. Annual Review of Biochemistry 37, 149-174.
193. RODBELL, M. (1980) The role of hormone receptors and GTP-regulatory proteins in membrane transduction. Nature 284, 17-22.
194. RODBELL, M. (1994) Signal transduction: Evolution of an idea. In: Nobel Lectures in Physiology or Medicine 1991-1995 (edited by Ringertz, N.). Stockholm: Karolinska Institute.
195. ROGERS, D. F. (1994) Airway goblet cells - Responsive and adaptable front-line defenders. European Respiratory Journal 7, 1690-1706.
196. ROGERS, D. F. (2003) The airway goblet cell. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 35, 1-6.
197. ROGERS, K. E., DASGUPTA, P., GUBLER, U., GRILLO, M., KHEWGOODALL, Y. S. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (1987) Molecular-cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for olfactory marker protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 84, 1704-1708.
198. RONNETT, G. V., CHO, H., HESTER, L. D., WOOD, S. F. & SNYDER, S. H. (1993) Odorants differentially enhance phosphoinositide turnover and adenylyl cyclase in olfactory receptor neuronal cultures. Journal of Neuroscience 13, 1751-1758.
199. RONNETT, G. V. & MOON, C. (2002) G proteins and olfactory signal transduction. Annual Review of Physiology 64, 189-222.
200. ROWLEY, J. C., MORAN, D. T. & JAFEK, B. W. (1987) Tracer studies of microvillar cells suggest a 2nd morphologically distinct class of sensory neuron exists in mammalian olfactory epithelia. Chemical Senses 12, 692-692.
201. ROWLEY, J. C., MORAN, D. T. & JAFEK, B. W. (1989) Peroxidase backfills suggest the mammalian olfactory epithelium contains a 2nd morphologically distinct class of bipolar sensory neuron - the microvillar cell. Brain Research 502, 387-100.
202. RUSSELL, J. M. (2000) Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport. Physiological Reviews 80, 211-276.
203. SAITO, H., KUBOTA, M., ROBERTS, R. W., CHI, Q. & MATSUNAMI, H. (2004) RTP family members induce functional expression of mammalian odorant receptors. Cell 119, 679-691.
204. SCHANDAR, M., LAUGWITZ, K. L., BOEKHOFF, I., KRONER, C., GUDERMANN, T., SCHULTZ, G. & BREER, H. (1998) Odorants selectively activate distinct G protein subtypes in olfactory cilia. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273, 16669-16677.
205. SCHILD, D. & RESTREPO, D. (1998) Transduction mechanisms in vertebrate olfactory receptor cells. Physiological Reviews 78, 429-166.
206. SCHMACHTENBERG, O., DIAZ, J. & BACIGALUPO, J. (2003) No activates the olfactory cyclic nucleotide-gated conductance independent from cGMP in isolated rat olfactory receptor neurons. Brain Research 980, 146-150.
207. SERIZAWA, S., ISHII, T., NAKATANI, H., TSUBOI, A., NAGAWA, F., ASANO, M., SUDO, K., SAKAGAMI, J., SAKANO, H., IJIRI, T., MATSUDA, Y., SUZUKI, M., YAMAMORI, T., IWAKURA, Y. & SAKANO, H. (2000) Mutually exclusive expression of odorant receptor transgenes. Nature Neuroscience 3, 687-693.
208. SERIZAWA, S., MIYAMICHI, K., NAKATANI, H., SUZUKI, M., SAITO, M., YOSHIHARA, Y. & SAKANO, H. (2003) Negative feedback regulation ensures the one receptor-one olfactory neuron rule in mouse. Science 302, 2088-2094.
209. SERIZAWA, S., MIYAMICHI, K. & SAKANO, H. (2005) Negative feedback regulation ensures the one neuron-one receptor rule in the mouse olfactory system. Chemical Senses 30, 199-1100.
210. SHEPHERD, G. M., GETCHELL, T. V. & MISTRETTA, C. M. (1986) Neurobiology. Questions of taste and smell. Nature 324, 17-18.
211. SHIROKOVA, E., SCHMIEDEBERG, K., BEDNER, P., NIESSEN, H., WILLECKE, K., RAGUSE, J. D., MEYERHOF, W. & KRAUTWURST, D. (2005) Identification of specific ligands for orphan olfactory receptors. G protein-dependent agonism and antagonism of odorants. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 11807-11815.
212. SHYKIND, B. M., ROHANI, S. C., O'DONNELL, S., NEMES, A., MENDELSOHN, M., SUN, Y., AXEL, R. & BARNEA, G. (2004) Gene switching and the stability of odorant receptor gene choice. Cell 117, 801-815.
213. SINNARAJAH, S., DESSAUER, C. W., SRIKUMAR, D., CHEN, J., YUEN, J., YILMA, S., DENNIS, J. C., MORRISON, E. E., VODYANOY, V. & KEHRL, J. H. (2001) RGS2 regulates signal transduction in olfactory neurons by attenuating activation of adenylyl cyclase III. Nature 409, 1051-1055.
214. SKLAR, P. B., ANHOLT, R. R. H. & SNYDER, S. H. (1986a) The odorant-sensitive adenylate-cyclase of olfactory receptor-cells - Differential stimulation by distinct classes of odorants. Chemical Senses 11, 665-665.
215. SKLAR, P. B., ANHOLT, R. R. H. & SNYDER, S. H. (1986b) The odorant-sensitive adenylate-cyclase of olfactory receptor-cells - Differential stimulation by distinct classes of odorants. Journal of Biological Chemistry 261, 5538-5543.
216. SKLAR, P. B., ANHOLT, R. R. H. & SNYDER, S. H. (1987) The odorant-sensitive adenylate-cyclase of olfactory receptor-cells - Differential stimulation by distinct classes of odorants. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 510, 623-626.
217. SMITH, P. C., FIRESTEIN, S. & HUNT, J. F. (2002) The crystal structure of the olfactory marker protein at 2.3 angstrom resolution. Journal of Molecular Biology 319, 807-821.
218. SMUTZER, G., ZIMMERMAN, J. E., HAHN, C. G., RUSCHEINSKY, D. D., RODRIGUEZ, A., HAN, L. Y. & ARNOLD, S. E. (1997) Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor expression in mammalian olfactory tissue. Molecular Brain Research 44, 347-354.
219. SPEHR, M. & LEINDERS-ZUFALL, T. (2005) One neuron-multiple receptors: Increased complexity in olfactory coding? Science's STKE 2005, pe25.
220. SPEHR, M., WETZEL, C. H., HATT, H. & ACHE, B. W. (2002) 3-Phosphoinositides modulate cyclic nucleotide signaling in olfactory receptor neurons. Neuron 33, 731-739.
221. STRYER, L. (1986) Cyclic-GMP cascade of vision. Annual Review of Neuroscience 9, 87-119.
222. STRYER, L. & BOURNE, H. R. (1986) G-Proteins - a family of signal transducers. Annual Review of Cell Biology 2, 391-419.
223. SYDOR, W., TEITELBAUM, Z., BLACKER, R., SUN, S., BENZ, W. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (1986) Amino-acid-sequence of a unique neuronal protein - Rat olfactory marker protein. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 249, 351-362.
224. TAKEUCHI, H., IMANAKA, Y., HIRONO, J. & KURAHASHI, T. (2003) Cross-adaptation between olfactory responses induced by two subgroups of odorant molecules. Journal of General Physiology 122, 255-264.
225. TAKEUCHI, H. & KURAHASHI, T. (2003) Identification of second messenger mediating signal transduction in the olfactory receptor cell. Journal of General Physiology 122, 557-567.
226. TAREILUS, E., NOE, J. & BREER, H. (1995) Calcium signals in olfactory neurons. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta-Molecular Cell Research 1269, 129-138.
227. THEIMER, E. T. & AMOORE, J. E. (1982) Fragrance Chemistry: The Science of the Sense of Smell. New York: Academic Press.
228. TOUHARA, K. (2002) Odor discrimination by G protein-coupled olfactory receptors. Microscopy Research and Technique 58, 135-141.
229. TREVES, S., FRANZINI-ARMSTRONG, C., MOCCAGATTA, L., ARNOULT, C., GRASSO, C., SCHRUM, A., DUCREUX, S., ZHU, M. X., MIKOSHIBA, K., GIRARD, T., SMIDA-REZGUI, S., RONJAT, M. & ZORZATO, F. (2004) Junctate is a key element in calcium entry induced by activation of InsP(3) receptors and/or calcium store depletion. Journal of Cell Biology 166, 537-548.
230. UCHIDA, N. & MAINEN, Z. F. (2003) Speed and accuracy of olfactory discrimination in the rat. Nature Neuroscience 6, 1224-1229.
231. UCHIDA, N., TAKAHASHI, Y. K., TANIFUJI, M. & MORI, K. (2000) Odor maps in the mammalian olfactory bulb: Domain organization and odorant structural features. Nature Neuroscience 3, 1035-1043.
232. VENKATACHALAM, K., VAN ROSSUM, D. B., PATTERSON, R. L., MA, H. T. & GILL, D. L. (2002) The cellular and molecular basis of store-operated calcium entry. Nature Cell Biology 4, E263-E272.
233. VOGALIS, F., HEGG, C. C. & LUCERO, M. T. (2005a) Electrical coupling in sustentacular cells of the mouse olfactory epithelium. Journal of Neurophysiology 94, 1001-1015.
234. VOGALIS, F., HEGG, C. C. & LUCERO, M. T. (2005b) Ionic conductances in sustentacular cells of the mouse olfactory epithelium. Journal of Physiology-London 562, 785-799.
235. VOGL, A., NOE, J., BREER, H. & BOEKHOFF, I. (2000) Cross-talk between olfactory second messenger pathways. European Journal of Biochemistry 267, 4529-4535.
236. WALLACH, O. (Ed.) (1901) Briefwechsel zwischen J. Berzelius und F. Wöhler, Sändig Reprint Verlag, Leipzig.
237. WEI, J., WAYMAN, G. & STORM, D. R. (1996) Phosphorylation and inhibition of type III adenylyl cyclase by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in vivo. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 24231-24235.
238. WEI, J., ZHAO, A. Z., CHAN, G. C. K., BAKER, L. P., IMPEY, S., BEAVO, J. A. & STORM, D. R. (1998) Phosphorylation and inhibition of olfactory adenylyl cyclase by CaM kinase II in neurons: A mechanism for attenuation of olfactory signals. Neuron 21, 495-504.
239. WETZEL, C. H., OLES, M., WELLERDIECK, C., KUCZKOWIAK, M., GISSELMANN, G. & HATT, H. (1999) Specificity and sensitivity of a human olfactory receptor functionally expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and Xenopus Laevis oocytes. Journal of Neuroscience 19, 7426-7433.
240. WIDDICOMBE, J. H. (2002) Regulation of the depth and composition of airway surface liquid. Journal of Anatomy 201, 313-318.
241. WIENER, N. (1948) Cybernetics. New York: J. Wiley.
242. WIENER, N. (1961) Cybernetics; or, Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine. New York: M.I.T. Press.
243. WONG, S. T., TRINH, K., HACKER, B., CHAN, G. C. K., LOWE, G., GAGGAR, A., XIA, Z. G., GOLD, G. H. & STORM, D. R. (2000) Disruption of the type III adenylyl cyclase gene leads to peripheral and behavioral anosmia in transgenic mice. Neuron 27, 487-497.
244. YAMAGISHI, M., ISHIZUKA, Y., FUJIWARA, M., NAKAMURA, H., IGARASHI, S., NAKANO, Y. & KUWANO, R. (1993) Distribution of calcium-binding proteins in sensory organs of the ear, nose and throat. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 85-89.
245. YAN, C., ZHAO, A. Z., BENTLEY, J. K., LOUGHNEY, K., FERGUSON, K. & BEAVO, J. A. (1995) Molecular-cloning and characterization of a calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase enriched in olfactory sensory neurons. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 9677-9681.
246. YOUNG, C. W., PLETCHER, D. E. & WRIGHT, N. (1948) On olfaction and infrared radiation theories. Science 108, 411-412.
247. YOUNGENTOB, S. L., KENT, P. F. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (2003) OMP gene deletion results in an alteration in odorant-induced mucosal activity patterns. Journal of Neurophysiology 90, 3864-3873.
248. YOUNGENTOB, S. L. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (1999) OMP gene deletion causes an elevation in behavioral threshold sensitivity. Neuroreport 10, 15-19.
249. YOUNGENTOB, S. L., MARGOLIS, F. L. & YOUNGENTOB, L. M. (2001) OMP gene deletion results in an alteration in odorant quality perception. Behavioral Neuroscience 115, 626-631.
250. YOUNGENTOB, S. L., PYRSKI, M. M. & MARGOLIS, F. L. (2004) Adenoviral vector-mediated rescue of the OMP-null behavioral phenotype: Enhancement of odorant threshold sensitivity. Behavioral Neuroscience 118, 636-642.
251. YU, T. T., MCINTYRE, J. C., BOSE, S. C., HARDIN, D., OWEN, M. C. & MCCLINTOCK, T. S. (2005) Differentially expressed transcripts from phenotypically identified olfactory sensory neurons. Journal of Comparative Neurology 483, 251-262.
252. ZHAINAZAROV, A. B. & ACHE, B. W. (1995) Odor-induced currents in Xenopus olfactory receptor-cells measured with perforated-patch recording. Journal of Neurophysiology 74, 479-483.
253. ZHAINAZAROV, A. B., SPEHR, M., WETZEL, C. H., HATT, H. & ACHE, B. W. (2004) Modulation of the olfactory CNG channel by Ptdlns(3,4,5)P-3. Journal of Membrane Biology 201, 51-57.
254. ZHAO, H. & REED, R. R. (2001) X inactivation of the OCNC1 channel gene reveals a role for activity-dependent competition in the olfactory system. Cell 104, 651-660.
255. ZHU, M. & AHLBERG, P. E. (2004) The origin of the internal nostril of tetrapods. Nature 432, 94-97.
256. ZINGESER, M. R. (1984) The nasopalatine ducts and associated structures in the rhesus-monkey (Macaca-Mulatta) - Topography, prenatal development, function, and phylogeny. American Journal of Anatomy 170, 581-595.
257. ZUFALL, F. & LEINDERS-ZUFALL, T. (2000) The cellular and molecular basis of odor adaptation. Chemical Senses 25, 473-481.
258. ZUFALL, F. & LEINDERSZUFALL, T. (1997) Identification of a long-lasting form of odor adaptation that depends on the carbon monoxide cGMP second-messenger system. Journal of Neuroscience 17, 2703-2712.
259. ZUFALL, F. & MUNGER, S. D. (2001) From odor and pheromone transduction to the organization of the sense of smell. Trends in Neurosciences 24, 191-193.