The human repertoire of odorant receptor genes and pseudogenes

Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics

Volumn 2, Issue , 2001, Pages 493-510

  Mombaerts, Peter ^a  

^a ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Nose; Odor; Olfaction; Olfactory; Smell

Indexed keywords

PHEROMONE; VOLATILE AGENT;

ALLELE; AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CHROMOSOMAL LOCALIZATION; DATA BASE; DNA POLYMORPHISM; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE SEQUENCE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOME; GENOTYPE PHENOTYPE CORRELATION; HUMAN; MULTIGENE FAMILY; NOMENCLATURE; ODOR; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; OPEN READING FRAME; PERCEPTIVE DISCRIMINATION; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PSEUDOGENE; REVIEW; SENSOR; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM; SMELLING; STEREOTYPY; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION; TASTE BUD; VERTEBRATE;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; PSEUDOGENES; RECEPTORS, ODORANT; SMELL;

HOMO; HOMO SAPIENS; MAMMALIA; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0035779480     PISSN: 15278204     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.genom.2.1.493     Document Type: Review

References (88)

1. Adler E, Hoon MA, Mueller KL, Chandrashekar J, Ryba NJ, et al. 2000. A novel family of mammalian taste receptors. Cell 100:693-702
2. Amoore JE. 1967. Specific anosmia: A clue to the olfactory code. Nature 214: 1095-98
3. Bachmanov AA, Li X, Reed DR, Li S, Chen Z, et al. 2001. Positional cloning of the mouse saccharin preference (Sac) locus. Chem. Senses. In press
4. Ben-Arie N, Lancet D, Taylor C, Khen M, Walker N, et al. 1994. Olfactory receptor gene cluster on human chromosome 17: Possible duplication of an ancestral receptor repertoire. Hum. Mol. Gen. 3:229-35
5. Buck LB. 1992. The olfactory multigene family. Curr. Biol. 2:467-73
6. Buck LB. 1996. Information coding in the vertebrate olfactory system. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 19:517-44
7. Buck LB. 2000. The molecular architecture of odor and pheromone sensing in mammals. Cell 100:611-18
8. Buck L, Axel R. 1991. A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition. Cell 65:175-87
9. Buettner JA, Glusman G, Ben-Arie N, Ramos P, Lancet D, Evans GA. 1998. Organization and evolution of olfactory receptor genes on human chromosome 11. Genomics 53:56-68
10. Bulger M, Bender MA, van Doorninck JH, Wertman B, Farrell CM, et al. 2000. Comparative structural and functional analysis of olfactory receptor genes flanking the human and mouse β-globin clusters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 14560-65
11. Bulger M, von Doominck JH, Saitoh N, Telling A, Farrell C, et al. 1999. Conservation of sequence and structure flanking the mouse and human β-globin loci: The β-globin genes are embedded within an array of odorant receptor genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:5129-34
12. Chandrashekar J, Mueller KL, Hoon MA, Adler E, Feng L, et al. 2000. T2Rs function as bitter taste receptors. Cell 100: 703-11
13. Chess A, Simon I, Cedar H, Axel R. 1994. Allelic inactivation regulates olfactory receptor gene expression. Cell 78:823-34
14. Conzelmann S, Levai O, Bode B, Eisel U, Raming K, et al. 2000. A novel brain receptor is expressed in a distinct population of olfactory sensory neurons. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12:3926-34
15. Del Punta K, Rothman A, Rodriguez I, Mombaerts P. 2000. Sequence diversity and genomic organization of vomeronasal receptor genes in the mouse. Genome Res. 10:1958-67
16. Doty RL. 2001. Olfaction. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 52:423-52
17. Dreyer WJ. 1998. The area code hypothesis revisited: Olfactory receptors and other related transmembrane receptors may function as the last digits in a cell surface code for assembling embryos. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:9072-77
18. Drosophila Odorant Recept. Nomencl. Comm. 2000. A unified nomenclature system for the Drosophila odorant receptors. Cell 102:145-46
19. Drutel G, Arrang JM, Diaz J, Wisnewsky C, Schwartz K, et al. 1995. Cloning of OL1, a putative olfactory receptor and its expression in the developing rat heart. Recept. Channels 3:33-40
20. Dulac C, Axel R. 1995. A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals. Cell 83:195-206
21. Ehlers A, Beck S, Forbes SA, Trowsdale J, Volz A, et al. 2000. MHC-linked olfactory receptor loci exhibit polymorphism and contribute to extended HLA/OR-haplotypes. Genome Res. 10: 1968-78
22. Feingold EA, Penny LA, Nienhuis WA, Forget BG. 1999. An olfactory receptor gene is located in the extended human β-globin gene cluster and is expressed in erythroid cells. Genomics 61:15-23
23. Freitag J, Krieger J, Strotmann J, Breer H. 1995. Two classes of olfactory receptors in Xenopus laevis. Neuron 15:1383-92
24. Freitag J, Ludwig G, Andreini I, Rössler P, Breer H. 1998. Olfactory receptors in aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates. J. Comp. Physiol. A 183:635-50
25. Fuchs T, Glusman G, Horn-Saban S, Lancet D, Pilpel Y. 2001. The human olfactory subgenome: From sequence to structure and evolution. Hum. Genet. 108:1-13
26. a. Giglio S, Borman KW, Matsumoto N, Calvar V, Gimelli G, et al. 2001. Olfactory receptor-gene clusters, genomic inversion polymorphisms, and common chromosome rearrangements. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:874-83
27. Gilad Y, Segré D, Skorecki K, Nachman MW, Lancet D, et al. 2000. Dichotomy of single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes in olfactory receptor genes and pseudogenes. Nat. Genet. 26:221-24
28. Giorgi D, Friedman C, Trask BJ, Rouquier S. 2000. Characterization of non-functional V1R-like pheromone receptor sequences in human. Genome Res. 10:1979-85
29. Glusman G, Bahar A, Sharon D, Pilpel Y, White J, et al. 2000. The olfactory receptor gene superfamily: Data mining, classification, and nomenclature. Mamm. Genome 11:1016-23
30. Glusman G, Clifton S, Roe B, Lancet D. 1996. Sequence analysis in the olfactory receptor gene cluster on human chromosome 17: Recombinatorial events affecting receptor diversity. Genomics 37:147-60
31. Glusman G, Sosinsky A, Ben-Asher E, Avidan N, Sonkin D, et al. 2000. Sequence, structure, and evolution of a complete human olfactory receptor gene cluster. Genomics 63:227-45
32. Glusman G, Yanai I, Rubin I, Lancet D. 2001. The complete human olfactory subgenome. Genome Res. 11:685-702
33. Griff IC, Reed RR. 1995. The genetic basis for specific anosmia to isovaleric acid in the mouse. Cell 83:407-14
34. Hoon MA, Adler E, Lindemeier J, Battey JF, Ryba NJ, et al. 1999. Putative mammalian taste receptors: A class of taste-specific GPCRs with distinct topographic selectivity. Cell 96:541-51
35. Int. Hum. Genome Seq. Consort. 2001. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409:860-921
36. Keverne EB. 1999. The vomeronasal organ. Science 286:716-20
37. a. Kitagawa M, Kusakabe Y, Miura H, Ninomiya Y, Hino A. 2001. Molecular genetic identification of a candidate receptor gene for sweet taste. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 283:236-42
38. Krautwurst D, Yau KW, Reed RR. 1998. Identification of ligands for olfactory receptors by functional expression of a receptor library. Cell 95:917-26
39. Lancet D. 1996. Vertebrate olfactory reception. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 9:329-55
40. Lancet D, Ben-Arie N. 1993. Olfactory receptors. Curr. Biol. 3:668-74
41. Lapidot M, Pilpel Y, Gilad Y, Falcovitz, Sharon D, et al. Mouse-human orthology relationships in an olfactory receptor gene cluster. Genomics 71:296-306
42. Malnic B, Hirono J, Sato T, Buck LB. 1999. Combinatorial receptor codes for odors. Cell 96:713-23
43. Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB. 2000. A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse. Nature 404:601-4
44. Max M, Shanker YG, Huang L, Rong M, Liu Z, et al. 2001. Tas1r3, encoding a new candidate taste receptor, is allelic to the sweet responsiveness locus Sac. Nat. Genet. 28:58-63
45. McClintock MK. 1971. Menstrual synchrony and suppression. Nature 229:244-45
46. Mombaerts P. 1996. Targeting olfaction. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 6:481-86
47. Mombaerts P. 1999. Molecular biology of odorant receptors in vertebrates. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 22:487-509
48. Mombaerts P. 1999. Odorant receptor genes in humans. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 9:315-20
49. Mombaerts P. 1999. Seven-transmembrane proteins as odorant and chemosensory receptors. Science 286:707-11
50. Mombaerts P. 2000. Better taste through chemistry. Nat. Genet. 25:130-32
51. Mombaerts P, Wang F, Dulac C, Chao SK, Nemes A, et al. 1996. Visualizing an olfactory sensory map. Cell 87:675-86
52. Mombaerts P, Wang F, Dulac C, Vassar R, Chao SK, et al. 1996. The molecular biology of olfactory perception. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 61: 135-45
53. a. Montmayeur JP, Liberles SD, Matsunami H, Buck LB. 2001. A candidate taste receptor gene near a sweet taste locus. Nat. Neurosci. 4:492-98
54. Nef S, Nef P. 1997. Olfaction: Transient expression of a putative odorant receptor in the avian notochord. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:4766-71
55. Ngai J, Dowling MM, Buck L, Axel R, Chess A. 1993. The family of genes encoding odorant receptors in the channel catfish. Cell 72:657-66
56. Pace U, Hanski E, Salomon Y, Lancet D. 1985. Odorant-sensitive adenylate cyclase may mediate olfactory reception. Nature 316:255-58
57. Parmentier M, Libert F, Schurmans S, Schiffmann S, Lefort A, et al. 1992. Expression of members of the putative olfactory receptor gene family in mammalian germ cells. Nature 355:453-55
58. Pentages E, Dulac C. 2000. A novel family of candidate pheromone receptors in mammals. Neuron 28:835-45
59. Pilpel Y, Lancet D. 1999. The variable and conserved interfaces of modeled olfactory receptor proteins. Protein Sci. 8:969-77
60. Raming K, Konzelmann S, Breer H. 1998. Identification of a novel G-protein coupled receptor expressed in distinct brain regions and a defined olfactory zone. Recept. Channels 6:141-51
61. Rawson NE, Eberwine J, Dotson R, Jackson J, Ulrich P, et al. 2000. Expression of mRNAs encoding for two different olfactory receptors in a subset of olfactory receptor neurons. J. Neurochem. 75:185-95
62. Ressler KJ, Sullivan SL, Buck LB. 1993. A zonal organization of odorant receptor gene expression in the olfactory epithelium. Cell 73:597-609
63. Ressler KJ, Sullivan SL, Buck LB. 1994. Information coding in the olfactory system: Evidence for a stereotyped and highly organized epitope map in the olfactory bulb. Cell 79:1245-55
64. Rodriguez I, Greer CA, Mok MY, Mombaerts P. 2000. A putative pheromone receptor gene expressed in human olfactory mucosa. Nat. Genet. 26:18-19
65. Rouquier S, Blancher A, Giorgi D. 2000. The olfactory receptor gene repertoire in primates and mouse: Evidence for reduction of the functional fraction in primates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:2870-74
66. Rouquier S, Taviaux S, Trask BJ, Brand-Arpon V, van den Engh G, et al. 1998. Distribution of olfactory receptor genes in the human genome. Nat. Genet. 18:243-50
67. Royet JP, Souchier C, Jourdan F, Ploye H. 1988. Morphometric study of the glomerular population in the mouse olfactory bulb: Numerical density and size distribution along the rostrocaudal axis. J. Comp. Neurol. 270:559-68
68. a. Sainz E, Korley JN, Battey JF, Sullivan SL. 2001. Identification of a novel member of the T1R family of putative taste receptors. J. Neurochem. 77:896-903
69. Sharon D, Gilad Y, Glusman G, Khen M, Lancet D, et al. 2000. Identification and characterization of coding single nucleotide polymorphisms within a human olfactory receptor gene cluster. Gene 260:87-94
70. Sharon D, Glusman G, Pilpel Y, Khen M, Gruetzner F, et al. 1999. Primate evolution of an olfactory receptor cluster: Diversification by gene conversion and recent emergence of pseudogenes. Genomics 61:24-36
71. Sklar PB, Anholt RRH, Snyder SH. 1986. The odorant-sensitive adenylate cyclase of olfactory receptor cells: Differential stimulation by distinct classes of odorants. J. Biol. Chem. 261:15538-43
72. Skoufos E, Marenco L, Nadkarni PM, Miller PL, Shepherd GM. 2000. Olfactory receptor database: A sensory chemoreceptor resource. Nucleic Acids Res. 28:341-43
73. Sosinsky A, Glusman G, Lancet D. 2000. The genomic structure of human olfactory receptor genes. Genomics 70:49-61
74. Strotmann J, Conzelmann S, Beck A, Feinstein P, Breer H, et al. 2000. Local permutations in the glomerular array of the mouse olfactory bulb. J. Neurosci. 20:6927-38
75. Trask BJ, Friedman C, Martin-Gallardo A, Rowen L, Akinbami C, et al. 1998. Members of the olfactory receptor gene family are contained in large blocks of DNA duplicated polymorphically near the ends of human chromosomes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:13-26
76. Trask BJ, Massa H, Brand-Arpon V, Chan K, Friedman C, et al. 1998. Large multi-chromosomal duplications encompass many members of the olfactory receptor gene family in the human genome. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:2007-20
77. Vanderhaeghen P, Schurmans S, Vassart G, Parmentier M. 1997. Specific repertoire of olfactory receptor genes in the male germ cells of several mammalian species. Genomics 39:239-46
78. Vassar R, Chao SK, Sitcheran R, Nuñez JM, Vosshall LB, et al. 1994. Topographic organization of sensory projections to the olfactory bulb. Cell 79:981-91
79. Vassar R, Ngai J, Axel R. 1993. Spatial segregation of odorant receptor expression in the mammalian olfactory epithelium. Cell 74:309-18
80. Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, et al. 2001. The sequence of the human genome. Science 291:1304-51
81. Wang F, Nemes A, Mendelsohn M, Axel R. 1998. Odorant receptors govern the formation of a precise topographic map. Cell 93:47-60
82. Wetzel CH, Oles M, Wellerdieck C, Kuczkowiak M, Gisselmann G, et al. 1999. Specificity and sensitivity of a human olfactory receptor functionally expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and Xenopus laevis oocytes. J. Neurosci. 19:7426-33
83. Younger RM, Amadou C, Bethel G, Ehlers A, Fischer Lindahl F, et al. 2001. Characterization of clustered MHC-linked olfactory receptor genes in human and mouse. Genome Res. 11:519-30
84. Xie S, Feinstein P, Mombaerts P. 2000. Characterization of a cluster comprising approximately 100 odorant receptor genes in mouse. Mamm. Genome 11:1070-78
85. Zhao H, Ivic L, Otaki JM, Hashimoto M, Mikoshiba K, et al. 1998. Functional expression of a mammalian odorant receptor. Science 279:237-42
86. Zheng C, Feinstein P, Bozza T, Rodriguez I, Mombaerts P. 2000. Peripheral olfactory projections are differentially affected in mice deficient in a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel subunit. Neuron 26:81-91
87. Ziegler A, Ehlers A, Forbes S, Trowsdale J, Volz A, et al. Polymorphisms in olfactory receptor genes: A cautionary note. Hum. Immunol. 61:1281-84
88. Zozulya S, Echeverri F, Nguyen T. 2001. The human olfactory receptor repertoire. Genome Biol. 2:0018.1-12