Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport

Physiological Reviews

Volumn 80, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 211-276

  Russell, John M ^a,b  

^a Biological Research Laboratories   (United States)

^b SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE; BUMETANIDE; CHLORIDE; ION; POTASSIUM; SODIUM;

BINDING AFFINITY; CELL VOLUME; CHLORIDE TRANSPORT; HUMAN; ION TRANSPORT; MODEL; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NONHUMAN; POTASSIUM TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SODIUM TRANSPORT; STOICHIOMETRY; TRANSPORT KINETICS;

EID: 0033968208     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.1.211     Document Type: Review

References (361)

1. ADELMAN, W. J., AND R. E. TAYLOR. Leakage current rectification in the squid giant axon. Nature 190: 883-885, 1961.
2. ADORANTE, J. S., AND S. S. MILLER. Potassium-dependent volume regulation in retinal pigment epithelium is mediated by Na,K,Cl cotransport. J. Gen. Physiol. 96: 1153-1176, 1990.
3. + cotransport and cellular metabolism in human erythrocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 812: 293-296, 1985.
4. AICKIN, C. C. Chloride transport across the sarcolemma of vertebrate smooth and skeletal muscle. In: Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve, Muscle and Glial Cells, edited by F. J. Alvarez-Leefmans and J. M. Russell. New York: Plenum, 1990, p. 209-249.
5. - cotransport in squid giant axon. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Cell Physiol. 23): C582-C586, 1988.
6. - cotransport. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Cell Physiol. 38): C878-C883, 1995.
7. - cotransport in squid giant axon by extracellular ions: evidence for ordered binding. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1416: 195-207, 1999.
8. ALTAMIRANO, A. A., AND J. M. RUSSELL. Coupled Na/K/Cl efflux: "reverse" unidirectional fluxes in squid giant axons. J. Gen. Physiol. 89: 669-686, 1987.
9. ALTAMIRANO, A. A., B. A. WATTS III, AND J. M. RUSSELL. Binding of bumetanide to microsomes from optic ganglia of the squid, Loligo pealei. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Cell Physiol. 27): C933-C943, 1990.
10. ALBERTS, B., D. BRAY, J. LEWIS, M. RAFF, K. ROBERTS, AND J. D. WATSON. Molecular Biology of the Cell (3rd ed.). New York: Garland, 1994, chapt. 17, p. 873-910.
11. - regulation and synaptic inhibition in vertebrate and invertebrate neurons. In: Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve, Muscle and Glial Cells, edited by F. J. Alvarez-Leefmans and J. M. Russell. New York: Plenum, 1990, p. 109-158.
12. ALVAREZ-LEEFMANS, F. J. Chloride transport, osmotic balance and presynaptic inhibition. In: Presynaptic Inhibition and Neural Control, edited by P. Rudomín, R. Romo, and L. Mendell. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1997.
13. ALVAREZ-LEEFMANS, F. J., S. M. GAMIÑO, F. GIRALDEZ, AND I. NOGUERÓN. Intracellular chloride regulation in amphibian dorsal root ganglion neurones studied with ion-selective microelectrodes. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 406: 225-246, 1988.
14. ALVAREZ-LEEFMANS, F. J., F. GIRALDEZ, AND J. M. RUSSELL. Methods for measuring chloride transport across nerve, muscle and glial cells. In: Chloride Channels and Carriers in Nerve, Muscle and Glial Cells, edited by F. J. Alvarez-Leefmans and J. M. Russell. New York: Plenum, 1990, p. 3-66.
15. 4 transport mechanisms in medullary thick ascending limb cells. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (Cell Physiol. 36): C1607-C1615, 1994.
16. + transport in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts by serum and mitogenic hormones. J. Cell Physiol. 123: 257-263, 1985.
17. 1/Cl 4 cells by bumetanide. Am. J. Physiol. 250 (Cell Physiol. 19): C799-C806, 1986.
18. - cotransport family. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 217: 150-153, 1995.
19. 2+ ions from squid axon? J. Physiol. (Lond.) 233: 44-46, 1973.
20. BAKER, P. F., AND S. J. POTASHNER. Glutamate transport in invertebrate nerve: the relative importance of ions and metabolic energy. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 232: 26-27, 1973.
21. BALLOU, L M., AND E. H. FISCHER. Phosphoprotein phosphatases. In: The Enzymes. Control by Phosphorylation (3rd ed.), edited by P. D. Boyer and E. G. Krebs. Orlando, FL: Academic, 1986, vol. XVII, pt. A, p. 312-365.
22. BASERGA, R. Growth in size and cell DNA replication. Exp. Cell Res. 151: 1-5, 1984.
23. BEAR, R. S., AND F. O. SCHMITT. Electrolytes in the axoplasm of the giant nerve fibers of the squid. J. Cell. Comp. Phyiol. 14: 205-215, 1939.
24. BENJAMIN, E. A., AND E. A. JOHNSON. A quantitative description of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter and its conformity to experimental data. Am. J. Physiol 273 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 42): F473-F482, 1997.
25. BENNETT, V., AND D. M. GILLIGAN. The sportrin-based membrane structure and micron-scale organization of the plasma membrane. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol 9: 27-66, 1993.
26. BLAUSTEIN, M. P. Effects of internal and external cations and of ATP on sodium-calcium and calcium-calcium exchange in squid axons. Biophys. J. 20: 79-111, 1977.
27. BORON, W. F., AND J. M. RUSSELL. Stoichiometry and ion dependencies of the intracellular-pH-regulating mechanism in squid giant axon. J. Gen. Physiol. 81: 373-399, 1983.
28. i dependent. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Cell Physiol. 27): C749-C753, 1990.
29. - cotransport by different mechanisms in squid giant axons. J. Gen. Physiol. 107: 261-270, 1996.
30. BRETSCHER, A. Microfilaments and membranes. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 5: 653-660, 1993.
31. BRINLEY, F. J., AND L. J. MULLINS. Sodium extrusion by internally dialyzed squid axons. J. Gen. Physiol. 50: 2303-2332, 1967.
32. - cotransport in cultured endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 250 (Cell Physiol. 19): C888-C895, 1986.
33. 1). J. Membr. Biol. 87: 131-139, 1985.
34. BRUGNARA, C., T. VAN HA, AND D. C. TOSTESON. Role of chloride in K transport through a cotransport system in human red blood cells. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Cell Physiol. 25): C994-C1003, 1989.
35. BURG, M., L. STONER, J. CARDINAL, AND N. GREEN. Furosemide effect on isolated perfused tubules. Am. J. Physiol. 225: 119-124, 1973.
36. BUSSOLATI, O., J. UGGERI, S. BELLETTI, V. DALL'ASTA, AND G. C. GAZZOLA. The stimulation of Na,K,Cl cotransport and of system A for neutral amino acid transport is a mechanism for cell volume increase during the cell cycle. FASEB J. 10: 920-926, 1996.
37. CALDER, J. A., M. SCHACHTER, AND P. S. SEVER. Direct vascular actions of hydrochlorothiazide and indapamide in isolated small vessels. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 220: 19-26, 1992.
38. CANESSA, M., C. BRUGNARA, D. CUSI, AND D. C. TOSTESON. Modes of operation and variable stoichiometry of the furosemide-sensitive Na and K fluxes in human red blood cells. J. Gen. Physiol. 87: 113-142, 1986.
39. CASS, A., AND M. DALMARK. Equilibrium dialysis of ions in nystatin-treated red cells. Nature 244: 47-49, 1973.
40. CHANG, H., K. TASHIRO, M. HIRAI, K. IKEDA, K. KUROKAWA, AND T. FUJITA. Identification of a cDNA encoding a thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter from the human and its mRNA expression in various tissues. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 223: 324-328, 1996.
41. +/Cl cotransport in C6 glioma cells. Properties and role in volume regulation. Eur. J. Biochem. 171: 425-433, 1988.
42. CHIPPERFIELD, A. R. An effect of chloride on (Na - K) co-transport, in human red blood cells. Nature 286: 281-282, 1980.
43. +-Cl) co-transport system. Clin. Sci. 71: 465-476, 1986.
44. CHIPPERFIELD, A. R., J. P. L DAVIS, AND A. A. HARPER. Evidence for volume regulatory increase by Na-K-Cl co-transport in rat arterial smooth muscle. Exp. Physiol. 70: 971-974, 1991.
45. CLEMO, H. F., AND C. M. BAUMGARTEN. cGMP and atrial natriuretic factor regulate cell volume of rabbit atrial myocytes. Circ. Res. 77: 741-749, 1995.
46. CRANE, R. K. Hypothesis of the mechanism of intestinal active transport of sugars. Federation Proc. 21: 891-895, 1962.
47. CRANE, R. K. The gradient hypothesis and other models of carrier-mediated active transport. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 78: 99-159, 1977.
48. DAGHER, G., C. BRUGNARA, AND M. CANESSA. Effects of metabolic depletion on the furosemide-sensitive Na and K fluxes in human red blood cells. J. Membr. Biol. 86: 145-155, 1985.
49. + and Cl activities in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 860: 293-300, 1986.
50. DELPIRE, E., M. R. KAPLAN, M. D. PLOTKIN, AND S. C. HEBERT. The Na-(K)-Cl cotransporter family in the mammalian kidney. Molecular identification and functions. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 11: 1967-1973, 1996.
51. DELPIRE, E., AND P. K. LAUF. Kinetics of Cl-dependent K fluxes in hypotonically swollen low K sheep erythrocytes. J. Gen. Physiol. 97: 173-193, 1991.
52. DELPIRE, E., AND P. K. LAUF. Kinetics of DIDS inhibition of swelling-activated K-Cl cotransport in low K sheep erythrocytes. J. Membr. Biol. 126: 89-96, 1992.
53. DELPIRE, E., M. I. RAUCHMAN, D. R. BEIR, S. C. HEBERT, AND S. R. GULLANS. Molecular cloning and chromosome localization of a putative basolateral Na-K-2Cl cotransporter from mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD-3) cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 25677-25683, 1994.
54. - activities in ventricular myocytes isolated from rabbit heart. Am. J. Physiol. 251 (Cell Physiol. 20): C197-C208, 1986.
55. - co-transport. Clin. Sci. 91: 725-736, 1996.
56. DIPOLO, R. Effect of ATP on the calcium efflux in dialyzed squid giant axons. J. Gen. Physiol. 64: 503-517, 1974.
57. DREWNOWSKA, K., AND C. M. BAUMGARTEN. Regulation of cellular volume in rabbit ventricular myocytes: bumetanide, chlorothiazide and ouabain. Am. J. Physiol 260 (Cell Physiol. 29): C122-C131, 1991.
58. +, kinetics, pH dependency and the effect of cell volume on N-ethylmaleimide. J. Membr. Biol. 98: 15-32, 1987.
59. DUNHAM, P. B., G. W. STEWART, AND J. C. ELLORY. Chloride-activated passive potassium transport in human erythrocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 1711-1715, 1980.
60. DUNN, M. J. Ouabain-uninhibited sodium transport in human erythrocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 52: 658-670, 1970.
61. EDELMAN, J. L., G. SACHS, AND J. S. ADORANTE. Ion transport asymmetry and functional coupling in bovine pigmented and non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Cell Physiol. 35): C1210-C1221, 1994.
62. ELLORY, J. C., P. W. FLATMAN, AND G. W. STEWART. Inhibition of human red cell sodium and potassium transport by divalent cations. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 340: 1-17, 1983.
63. EVANS, M. G., A. MARTY, Y. P. TAN, AND A. TRAUTMANN. Blockage of Ca-activated Cl conductance by furosemide in rat lacrimal glands. Pflügers Arch. 406: 65-68, 1986.
64. EVELOFF, J. L., AND J. CALAMIA. Effect of osmolarity on cation fluxes in medullary thick ascending limb cells. Am. J. Physiol. 250 (Renal Fluid Elertrolyte Physiol. 19): F176-F180, 1986.
65. EVELOFF, J., AND D. G. WARNOCK. K-Cl transport systems in rabbit renal basolateral membrane vesicles. Am. J. Physiol. 252 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 21): F883-F889, 1986.
66. +-2Cl cotransporter by hypertonic shrinkage is not duplicated by isotonic shrinkage. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 169: 21-25, 1997.
67. FLATMAN, P. W. The effects of calcium on potassium transport in ferret red cells. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 386: 407-423, 1987.
68. FLATMAN, P. W. The effects of magnesium on potassium transport in ferret red cells. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 397: 471-487, 1988.
69. FLATMAN, P. W. Stoichiometry of net sodium and potassium fluxes mediated by the Na-K-Cl co-transport system in ferret red cells. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 74: 939-941, 1989.
70. FLATMAN, P. W. The effects of metabolism on Na-K-Cl cotransport in ferret red cells. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 437: 495-510, 1991.
71. FLATMAN, P. W., AND J. CREANOR. Regulation of Na-K-2Cl cotransport by protein phosphorylation in ferret erythrocytes. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 517: 699-708, 1999.
72. FORBUSH, B., III, M. HAAS, AND C. LYTLE. Na-K-Cl cotransport in the shark rectal gland. I. Regulation in the intact perfused gland. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Cell Physiol. 31): C1000-C1008, 1992.
73. 3H]bumetanide binding to membranes isolated from dog kidney outer medulla: relationship to the Na,K,Cl co-transport system. J. Biol. Chem. 258: 11787-11792, 1983.
74. - content controls cell volume in single salivary acinar cells during fluid secretion. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Cell Physiol. 28): C998-C1004, 1990.
75. FOSKETT, J. K., M. M. WONG, G. SUE-A-QUAN, AND M. A. ROBERTSON. Isosmotic modulation of cell volume and intracellular ion activities during stimulation of single exocrine cells. J. Exp. Zool. 268: 104-110, 1994.
76. 3H]bumetanide binding site density by phorbol esters in HT29 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 6667-6673, 1989.
77. - co-transport in chick cardiac cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 134: 326-331, 1986.
78. FUNDER, J., AND J. O. WIETH. Effects of some monovalent anions on fluxes of Na and K and on glucose metabolism of ouabaintreated human red blood cells. Acta Physiol. Scand. 71: 168-185, 1967.
79. GAMBA, G., A. MIYANOSHITA, M. LOMBARDI, J. LYTTON, W.-S. LEE, M. A. HEDIGER, AND S. C. HEBERT. Molecular cloning, primary structure, and characterization of two members of the mammalian electroneutral sodium-(potassium)-chloride cotransporter family expressed in kidney. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 17713-17722, 1994.
80. GAMBA, G., S. N. SALZBERG, M. LOMBARDI, A. MIYANOSHITA, J. LYTTON, M. A. HEDIGER, B. M. BRENNER, AND S. C. HEBERT. Primary structural and functional expression of a cDNA encoding the thiazide-sensitive, electroneutral sodium-chloride cotransporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 2749-2753, 1993.
81. GAO, F.-B., AND M. RAFF. Cell size control and a cell-intrinsic maturation program in proliferating oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J. Cell Biol. 138: 1367-1377, 1997.
82. 2+ in human red cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 688: 786-792, 1982.
83. 3, anion exchanger. Naunyn-Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 334: 202-209, 1986.
84. GARRAHAN, P. J., AND I. M. GLYNN. The sensitivity of the sodium pump to external sodium. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 192: 159-174, 1967.
85. GECK, P., AND E. HEINZ. Coupling of ion flows in cell suspension systems. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 341: 57-66, 1980.
86. GECK, P., AND E. HEINZ. The Na-K-2Cl cotransport system. J. Membr. Biol. 91: 97-105, 1986.
87. GECK, P., E. HEINZ, AND B. PFEIFFER. Influence of high ceiling diuretics on ion fluxes and cell volume of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Scand. Audiol Suppl. 14: 25-36, 1981.
88. - movements in Ehrlich cells. In: Cell Membrane Receptors for Drugs and Hormones: A Multidisciplinary Approach, edited by R. W. Straub and L. Bolis. New York: Raven, 1978.
89. - cotransport in animal cells-its role in volume regulation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 456: 166-182, 1985.
90. - in Ehrlich cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 600: 432-447, 1980.
91. --translocating P-type ATPase. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 31: 303-337, 1996.
92. GILLEN, C. M., S. BRILL, J. A. PAYNE, AND B. FORBUSH III. Molecular cloning and functional expression of the K-Cl cotransporter from rabbit, rat and human. A new member of the cationchloride cotransporter family. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 16237-16244, 1996.
93. GILLEN, C. M., AND B. FORBUSH III. Functional interaction of the K-Cl cotransporter (KCCl) with the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in HEK-293 cells. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Cell Physiol. 45): C328-C336, 1999.
94. GIRAULT, J.-A., H. C. HEMMINGS, JR., S. H. ZORN, E. L. GUSTAFSON, AND P. GREENGARD. Characterization in mammalian brain of a DARPP-32 serine kinase identical to casein kinase II. J. Neurochem. 55: 1772-1783, 1990.
95. GLYNN, I. M, V. L. LEW, AND U. LUTHI. Reversal of the potassium entry mechanism in red cells, with and without reversal of the entire pump cycle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 207: 371-391, 1970.
96. GOOD, D. W., M. A. KNEPPER, AND M. B. BURG. Ammonia and bicarbonate transport by thick ascending limb of rat kidney. Am. J. Physiol. 247(Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 16): F35-F44, 1984.
97. GRANT, B. F., T. B. BREITHAUPT, AND E. B. CUNNINGHAM. An adenosine 3′:5′ monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from the human erythrocyte: purification and characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 5726-5733, 1979.
98. 2+ ions. J. Gen. Physiol. 95: 121-145, 1990.
99. GREGER, R. The membrane transporters regulating epithelial NaCl secretion. Pflügers Arch. 432: 579-588, 1996.
100. GREGER, R., H. GOGELEIN, AND E. SCHLATTER. Stimulation of NaCl secretion in the rectal gland of the dogfish, Squalus acanthias. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 90: 733-737, 1988.
101. +, a prerequisite for active NaCl transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch. 392: 92-94, 1981.
102. GREGER, R., AND E. SCHLATTER. Mechanism of NaCl secretion in rectal gland tubules of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). II. Effects of inhibitors. Pflügers Arch. 402: 364-375, 1985.
103. GREGER, R., E. SCHLATTER, AND F. LANG. Evidence for electroneutral sodium chloride cotransport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch. 396: 308-314, 1983.
104. GREGER, R., E. SCHLATTER, F. WANG, AND J. N. FORREST, JR. Mechanism of NaCl secretion in rectal gland tubules of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias). III. Effects of stimulation of secretion by cyclic AMP. Pflügers Arch. 402: 376-384, 1984.
105. GREVEN, J., B. KÖLLING, B. V. BRONEWSKI-SCHWARZER, M. JUNKER, B. NEFFGEN, AND R. M. NILIUS. Evidence for a role of the Tamm-Horsfall protein in the tubular action of furosemide-like loop diuretics. In: Diuretics, edited by J. B. Puschett. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1984, p. 203-214.
106. 3H]bumetanide binding to the Na-K-Cl "co-transporter" in rabbit renal cortical plasma membrane: a caveat. Q. J. Exp. Physiol. 72: 313-329, 1987.
107. GRINSTEIN, S., W. FURUYA, AND G. P. DOWNEY. Activation of permeabilized neutrophils: role of anions. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Cell Physiol. 32): C78-C75, 1992.
108. GUNN, R. B. Bumetanide inhibition of anion exchange in human red blood cells (Abstract). Biophys. J. 47: 326a, 1985.
109. HAAS, M. Properties and diversity of (Na-K-Cl) cotransporters. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 51: 443-457, 1989.
110. HAAS, M. The Na-K-Cl cotransporters. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (Cell Physiol. 36): C869-C885, 1994.
111. 3H]bumetanide binding to duck red cells. Correlation with inhibition of (Na-K-Cl) co-transport. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 8434-8441, 1986.
112. HAAS, M., AND B. FORBUSH III. Photolabeling of a 150 kDa (Na-K-Cl) cotransport protein from dog kidney with a bumetanide analogue. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Cell Physiol. 22): C243-C250, 1987.
113. HAAS, M, AND B. FORBUSH III, Photoaffinity labeling of a 150-kDa (Na-K-Cl) cotransport protein from duck red cells with an analog of bumetanide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 939: 131-144, 1988.
114. HAAS, M., AND B. FORBUSH III. The Na-K-Cl cotransporters. J. Bioenerg. Bioeng. 30: 161-172, 1998.
115. i. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Cell Physiol. 35): C1440-C1452, 1994.
116. HAAS, M, AND T. J. MCMANUS. Bumetanide inhibition of (Na-K-2Cl) co-transport in K/Rb exchange at a chloride site in duck red cells mediated by external cations (Abstract). Biophys. J. 37: 214a, 1982.
117. HAAS, M., AND T. J. MCMANUS. Bumetanide inhibits (Na-K-Cl) co-transport at a chloride site. Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Cell Physiol. 14): C235-C240, 1983.
118. HAAS, M., AND T. J. MCMANUS. Effect of norepinephrine on swelling-induced potassium transport in duck red cells. Evidence against a volume regulatory decrease under physiological conditions. J. Gen. Physiol. 85: 649-667, 1985.
119. i-dependent phosphorylation of the Na-K-Cl cotransport protein of dog tracheal epithelial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 28955-28961, 1995.
120. HAAS, M., D. MCBRAYER, AND J. R. YANKASKAS. Dual mechanisms for Na-K-Cl cotransport regulation in airway epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Cell Physiol. 33): C189-C200, 1993.
121. HAAS, M., W. F. SCHMIDT III, AND T. J. MCMANUS. Catecholamine-stimulated ion transport in duck red cells. Gradient effects in electrically neutral (Na-K-2Cl) co-transport. J. Gen. Physiol. 80: 125-147, 1982.
122. HALL, A. C., AND J. C. ELLORY. Measurement and stoichiometry of bumetanide-sensitive (2Na:1K:3Cl) cotransport in ferret red cells. J. Membr. Biol. 85: 205-213, 1985.
123. HALLBRUCKER, C., S. VON DAHL, F. LANG, W. GEROK, AND D. HAUSSINGER. Modification of liver cell volume by insulin and glucagon. Pflügers Arch. 418: 519-521, 1991.
124. HALLOWS, K. R., AND P. A. KNAUF. Fundamental principles and physiological roles of cell volume regulation. In: Cellular and Molecular Physiology of Cell Volume Regulation, edited by K. Strange. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1994, p. 3-30.
125. HANNAFIN, J. A., AND R. KINNE. Active chloride transport in rabbit thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and elasmobranch rectal gland: chloride fluxes in isolated plasma membranes. J. Comp. Physiol. B Biochem. Syst. Environ. Physiol. 155: 415-421, 1985.
126. HANNAFIN, J., E. KINNE-SAFFRAN, D. FRIEDMAN, AND R. KINNE. Presence of a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport system in the rectal gland of Squalus acanthias. J. Membr. Biol. 75: 73-83, 1983.
127. HARRIS, G. L., AND W. J. BETZ. Evidence for active chloride accumulation in normal and denervated rat lumbrical muscle. J. Gen. Physiol. 90: 127-144, 1987.
128. HATHAWAY, G. M., AND J. A. TRAUGH. Casein kinases, multipotential protein kinases. Curr. Top. Cell Regul. 21: 101-127, 1982.
129. HEBERT, S. C., AND S. R. GULLANS. Editorial comment on "The molecular basis of inherited hypokalemic alkalosis: Bartter's and Gitelmans syndromes." Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 40): F957-F959, 1996.
130. HEGDE, R. S., AND H. C. PALFREY. Ionic effects on bumetanide binding to the activated Na/K/2Cl cotransporter: selectivity and kinetic properties of ion binding sites. J. Membr. Biol. 126: 27-37, 1992.
131. HEINZ, E., P. GECK, C. PIETRZYK, G. BURCKHARDT, AND B. PFEIFFER. Energy sources for amino acid transport in animal cells. J. Supramol. Struct. 6: 125-133, 1977.
132. HERBERT, D. N., AND A. CARRUTHERS. Direct evidence for ATP modulation of sugar transport in human erythrocyte ghosts. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 10093-10099, 1986.
133. HESCHELER, J., M. KAMEYAMA, W. TRAUTWEIN, G. MIESKES, AND H.-D. SOLING. Regulation of the cardiac calcium channel by protein phosphatases. Eur. J. Biochem. 165: 261-265, 1985.
134. HOFFMANN, E. K., AND P. B. DUNHAM. Membrane mechanisms and intracellular signalling in cell volume regulation. Int. Rev. Cytol. 161: 173-262, 1995.
135. 3H]bumetanide. Am. J. Physiol. 250 (Cell Physiol 19): C688-C693, 1986.
136. - cotransport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells activated during volume regulation (regulatory volume increase). J. Membr. Biol. 76: 269-280, 1983.
137. HOFFMAN, J. F., AND F. W. KREGENOW. The characterization of new energy dependent cation transport processes in red blood cells. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 137: 566-576, 1966.
138. HOGAN, E. M., B. A. DAVIS, AND W. F. BORON. Intracellular Cl dependence on Na-H exchange in barnacle muscle fibers under normotonic and hypertonic conditions. J. Gen. Physiol. 110:62-69, 1997.
139. HOLTZMAN, E. J., S. KUMAR, C. A. FAALAND, F. WARNER, P. J. LOGUE, S. J. ERICKSON, G. RICKEN, J. WALDMAN, S. KUMAR, AND P. B. DUNHAM. Cloning, characterization and gene organization of the K-Cl cotransporter from pig and human kidney and C. elegans. Am. J. Physiol. 275 (Renal Physiol. 44): F550-F564, 1998.
140. +/Cl cotransport in rat glomerulas mesangial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 17613-17620, 1990.
141. - cotransport in rat glomerular mesangial cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 13553-13559, 1991.
142. HUNTER, M. J. Human erythrocyte permeabilities measured under conditions of net charge transfer. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 268: 35-49, 1977.
143. IGARASHI, P., G. B. VENDEN HEUVEL, J. A. PAYNE, AND B. FORBUSH III. Cloning, embryonic expression and alternative splicing of a murine kidney-specific Na-K-Cl cotransporter. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 38): F405-F418, 1995.
144. + influx determination. J. Membr. Biol. 132: 115-123, 1993.
145. + influx studies. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Cell Physiol. 27): C599-C609, 1990.
146. INOUE, I. Voltage-dependent chloride conductance of the squid axon membrane and its blockade by some disulfonic stilbene derivatives. J. Gen. Physiol. 85: 519-538, 1985.
147. ISENRING, P., AND B. FORBUSH III. Ion and bumetanide binding by the Na-K-Cl cotransporter. Importance of transmembrane domains. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 24556-24562, 1997.
148. ISENRING, P., S. C. JACOBY, J. CHANG, AND B. FORBUSH III. Mutagenic mapping of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter for domains involved in ion transport and bumetanide binding. J. Gen. Physiol. 112: 549-558, 1998.
149. ISENRING, P., S. C. JACOBY, AND B. FORBUSH III. The role of transmembrane domain 2 in cation transport by the Na-K-Cl Cotransporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 7179-7184, 1998.
150. ISENRING, P., S. C. JACOBY, J. A. PAYNE, AND B. FORBUSH III. Comparision of the Na,K,Cl cotransporters. NKCC1, NKCC2, and the HEK-203 cell Na-K-Cl cotransporter. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 11295-11301, 1998.
151. ISHIHARA, H., B. L. MARTIN, D. L. BRAAUTIGAN, H. KARAKI, H. OZAKI, Y. KATO, N. FUSETANI, S. WATABE, K. HASHIMOTO, D. VEMURA, AND D. J. HARTSHORNE. Calyculin A and okadaic acid: inhibitors of protein phosphatase activity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 159: 871-877, 1989.
152. ITO, S., AND O. CARRETERO. An in vitro approach to the study of macula densa-mediated glomerular hemodynamics. Kidney Int. 38: 1206-1210, 1990.
153. JENNINGS, M. L. Kinetics and mechanisms of anion transport in red blood cells. Annu. Rev. Physiol 47: 519-533, 1985.
154. JENNINGS, M. L., AND R. K. SCHULTZ. Okadaic acid inhibition of KCl cotransport. Evidence that protein dephosphorylation is necessary for activation of transport by either cell swelling or N-ethylmaleimide. J. Gen. Physiol. 97: 799-818, 1991.
155. +-dependence of the cation-anion cotransport system in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (Abstract). Acta Physiol. Scand. 140: 34A, 1990.
156. - cotransporters in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1329: 1-6, 1997.
157. 2+/ calmodulin and protein kinase C dependent pathways. J. Membr. Biol. 131: 161-178, 1993.
158. - cotransport system by reorganization of the actin filaments in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1110: 199-201, 1992.
159. 3H]bumetanide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 775: 105-110, 1984.
160. - cotransport in medullary thick ascending limb cells: kinetics and bumetanide binding. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1152: 289-299, 1993.
161. KAJI, D. Effects of membrane potential on K:Cl cotransport in human erythrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Cell Physiol. 33): C376-C382, 1993.
162. KAJI, D. M., J. DIAZ, AND J. C. PARKER. Urea inhibits Na-K-2Cl cotransport in medullary thick ascending cells. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Cell Physiol. 41): C615-C621, 1997.
163. KAPLAN, M. R., D. B. MOUNT, E. DELPIRE, G. GAMBA, AND S. C. HEBERT. Molecular mechanisms of NaCl cotransport. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 58: 649-668, 1996.
164. KENNEDY, B. G. Volume regulation in cultured cells derived from human retinal pigment epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Cell Physiol. 35): C676-C683, 1994.
165. KERKUT, G. A., AND R. C. THOMAS. The effect of anion injection and changes in the external potassium and chloride concentrations on the reversal potential of the IPSP and acetylcholine. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 11: 199-209, 1964.
166. KEYNES, R. D. Chloride in the squid giant axon. J. Physiol (Lond.) 169: 690-705, 1963.
167. KHADEMAZAD, M., B.-X. ZHANG, P. LOESSBERG, AND S. MUALLEM. Regulation of cell volume by the osteosarcoma cell line UMR-106-01. Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Cell Physiol. 30): C441-C447, 1991.
168. KILLANDER, D., AND A. ZETTERBERG. A quantitative cytochemical investigation of the relationship between cell mass and initiation of DNA synthesis in mouse fibroblaste in vitro. Exp. Cell Res. 40: 12-20, 1965.
169. - cotransport in cultured HT29 human colonic adenocarcinoma cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 946: 397-404, 1988.
170. KIMMELBERG, H. K., AND M. V. FRANGAKIS. Furosemide- and bumetanide-sensitive ion transport and volume control in primary astrocyte cultures from rat brain. Brain Res. 361: 125-134, 1985.
171. KINNE, R. Role of the NaCl-KCl cotransport system in active chloride absorption and secretion. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 456: 198-206, 1985.
172. KINNE, R. Molecular properties of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport system in the kidney. In: Diuretics II: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications, edited by J. B. Puschett and A. Greenberg. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1987.
173. KINNE, R., B. KOENIG, J. HANNAFIN, E. KINNE-SAFFRAN, D. M. SCOTT, AND K. ZIEROLD. The use of membrane vesicles to study the NaCl/KCl cotransporter involved in active transepithelial chloride transport. Pflügers Arch. 405, Suppl. 1: S101-S105, 1985.
174. KINNE, R., E. KINNE-SAFFRAN, B. SCHÖLERMANN, AND H. SCHUTZ. The anion specificity of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter in rabbit kidney outer medulla: studies on medullary plasma membranes. Pflügers Arch. 407: S168-S173, 1986.
175. KLEIN, J. D., AND W. C. O'NEILL. Volume-sensitive myosin phosphorylation in vascular endothelial cells: correlation with Na-K-2Cl cotransport. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Cell Physiol. 38): C1524-C1531, 1995.
176. +-2Cl cotransport in vascular endothelial cells: role of protein phosphorylation. J. Membr. Biol. 132: 243-252, 1993.
177. KNEPPER, M., AND M. BURG. Organization of nephron function. Am. J. Physiol. 244 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 13): F579-F589, 1983.
178. KOENIG, B., S. RICAPITO, AND R. KINNE. Chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop: K dependence and stoichiometry of NaCl cotransport in plasma membrane vesicles. Pflügers Arch. 399: 173-179, 1983.
179. --cotransport system in HeLa cells: aspects of its physiological regulation. J. Cell Physiol. 145: 253-261, 1990.
180. KRACKE, G. R., M. A. ANATRA, AND P. B. DUNHAM. Asymmetry of Na-K-Cl cotransport in human erythrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 254 (Cell Physiol. 23): C243-C250, 1983.
181. KRACKE, G. R., AND P. B. DUNHAM. Effect of membrane potential on furosemide-inhibitable sodium influxes in human red blood cells. J. Membr. Biol. 98: 117-124, 1987.
182. KRAMHOFT, B., I. H. LAMBERT, E. K. HOFFMANN, AND F. J. JØRGENSON. Activation of Cl-dependent K transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Am. J. Physiol. 251 (Cell Physiol. 20): C369-C379, 1986.
183. - cotransporter of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1284: 97-108, 1996.
184. KREBS, E. G. The enzymology of control by phosphorylation. In: The Enzymes. Control by Phosphorylation (3rd ed.), edited by P. D Boyer and E. G. Krebs, Orlando, FL: Academic, 1986, vol. XVII, pt. A, p. 3-20.
185. KREGENOW, F. W. The response of duck erythrocytes to nonhemolytic media. Evidence for a volume controlling mechanism. J. Gen. Physiol. 58: 372-395, 1971.
186. KREGENOW, F. W. The response of duck erythrocytes to hypertonic media: further evidence for a volume-controlling mechanism. J. Gen. Physiol. 58: 396-412, 1971.
187. KREGENOW, F. W. The response of duck erythrocytes to norepinephrine and an elevated extracellular potassium: volume regulation in isotonic media. J. Gen. Physiol. 61: 509-527, 1973.
188. KREGENOW, F. W. Osmoregulatory salt transporting mechanisms: control of cell volume in anisosmotic media. Anna. Rev. Physiol. 43: 493-505, 1981.
189. KREGENOW, F. W., AND T. CARYK. Cotransport of cations and Cl during the volume regulatory responses of duck erythrocytes (Ab-stract). Physiologist 22: 73, 1979.
190. + antiport. J. Biol. Chem. 259: 5809-5815, 1984.
191. LAMB, J. F. The chloride content of rat auricle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 157: 415-425, 1961.
192. LANDRY, D. W., M. REITMAN, E. J. CRAGOE, JR., AND Q. ALAWQATI. Epithelial chloride channel: development of inhibitory ligands. J. Gen. Physiol. 90: 779-798, 1987.
193. LANG, F., M. RITTER, E. WOLL, H. WEISS, D. HÄUSSINGER, J. HOFLACHER, K. MALY, AND H. GRUNICKE. Altered cell volume regulation in ras oncogene expressing NIH fibroblasts. Pflügers Arch. 420: 424-427, 1992.
194. + co-transport in macula densa cells. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 27): F1466-F1469, 1990.
195. LAPOINTE, J.-Y., A. LAAMARTI, A. M. HURST, B. C. FOWLER, AND P. D. BELL. Activation of Na:2Cl:K cotransport by luminal chloride in macula densa cells. Kidney Int. 47: 752-757, 1995.
196. LARSON, M., AND K. R. SPRING. Bumetanide inhibition of NaCl transport by Necturus gallbladder. J. Membr. Biol. 74: 123-129, 1989.
197. LAUF, P. K., AND N. C. ADRAGNA. Proton (H) modulation of K-Cl cotransport through both internal and external sites in DIDS-pH-clamped low magnesium LK sheep erythrocytes (Abstract). Biophys. J. 72: A408, 1997.
198. LAUF, P. K., AND N. C. ADRAGNA. Functional evidence for a pH sensor of erythrocyte K-Cl cotransport through inhibition by internal protons and diethylpyrocarbonate. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 8: 46-60, 1998.
199. LAUF, P. K., J. BAUER, N. C. ADRAGNA, H. FUJISE, A. M. M. ZADE-OPPEN, K. H. RYU, AND E. DELPIRE. Erythroeyte K-Cl cotransport: properties and regulation. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Cell Physiol. 32): C917-C932, 1992.
200. LAUF, P. K., T. J. MCMANUS, M. HAAS, B. FORBUSH III, J. DUHM, P. W. FLATMAN, M. H. SAIER, JR., AND J. M. RUSSELL. Physiology and biophysics of chloride and cation cotransport across cell membranes. Federation Proc. 46: 2377-2394, 1987.
201. LEUNG, S., M. E. O'DONNELL, A. MARTINEZ, AND H. C. PALFREY. Regulation by nerve growth factor and phosphorylation of Na/K/ 2Cl cotransport and cell volume in PC12 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 10581-10589, 1994.
202. LEVINSON, C. Volume regulatory activity of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and its relationship to ion transport. J. Membr. Biol. 100: 182-191, 1987.
203. LEMNSON, C. Regulatory volume increase in Ehrlich acsites tumor cells. Biochim. Biopkys. Acta 1021: 1-8, 1990.
204. LEMNSON, C. Inability of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells to volume regulate following a hyperosmotic challenge. J. Membr. Biol. 121: 279-288, 1991.
205. LEWIS, S. A., AND P. DONALDSON. Ion channels and cell volume regulation: chaos in an organized system. News Physiol. Sci. 5: 112-119, 1990.
206. LEWIS, S. A., D. C. EATON, C. CLAUSEN, AND J. M. DIAMOND. Nystatin as a probe for investigating the electrical properties of a tight epithelium. J. Gen. Physiol. 70: 427-440, 1977.
207. LIEDTKE, C. M. Bumetanide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransport in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 6): L621-L627, 1992.
208. + and the mitogenic response of 3T3 cells to peptide factors in serum-free medium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 6275-6279, 1982.
209. LORENZ, J. N., H. WEIHPRECHT, J. SCHNERMANN, O. SKOTT, AND J. P. BRIGGS. Renin release from isolated juxtaglomerular apparatus depends on macula densa chloride transport. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 35): F486-F493, 1991.
210. LUBOWITZ, H., AND R. WHITTAM. Ion movements in human red cells independent of the sodium pump. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 202: 111-131, 1969.
211. LUDENS, J. H. Nature of the inhibition of Cl transport by furosemide: evidence for competitive inhibition of active transport of toad cornea. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 223: 25-29, 1982.
212. LYTLE, C. Activation of the avian erythrocyte Na-K-Cl cotransport protein by cell shrinkage, cAMP, fluoride, and calyculin-A involves phosphorylation at common sites. J. Biol. Chem. 272:15069-15077, 1997.
213. LYTLE, C., AND B. FORBUSH III. The Na-K-Cl cotransport protein of shark rectal gland. II. Regulation by direct phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 25438-25443, 1992.
214. LYTLE, C., AND B. FORBUSH III. Na-K-Cl cotransport in shark rectal gland. II. Regulation in isolated tubules. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Cell Physiol. 31): C1009-C1017, 1992.
215. i the switch controlling Na-K-Cl cotransport in shark rectal gland? (Abstract). Biophys. J. 61: A384, 1992.
216. LYTLE, C., AND B. FORBUSH III. Regulatory phosphorylation of the secretory Na-K-Cl cotransporter: modulation by cytoplasmic Cl. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (Cell Physiol. 39): C437-C448, 1996.
217. +-2Cl] cotransport (Abstract). Federation Proc. 45: 548, 1986.
218. LYTLE, C., AND T. J. MCMANUS. A minimal kinetic model of [Na-K-2C1] cotransport with ordered binding and glide symmetry (Abstract). J. Gen. Physiol. 88: 36a, 1986.
219. LYTLE, C., T. J. MCMANUS, AND M. HAAS. A model of Na-K-2Cl cotransport based on ordered ion binding and glide symmetry. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Cell Physiol. 43): C299-C309, 1998.
220. LYTLE, C., J.-C. XU, D. BIEMSDERFER, M. HAAS, AND B. FORBUSH III. The Na-K-Cl cotransport of shark rectal gland. I. Development of monoclonal antibodies, immunoaffinity purification, and partial biochemical characterization. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 25428-25437, 1992.
221. LYTLE, C., J.-C. XU, D. BIEMSDERFER, AND B. FORBUSH III. Distribution and diversity of Na-K-Cl cotransport proteins: a study with monoclonal antibodies. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Cell Physiol. 38): C1496-C1505, 1995.
222. 2 cotransport. Am. J. Physiol. 258 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 21): G665-G674, 1990.
223. + exchange, and cell volume in ferret erythrocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Cell Physiol. 40): C1603-C1611, 1996.
224. MASON, S. J., A. M. PARADISO, AND R. C. BOUCHER. Regulation of transepithelial ion transport and intracellular calcium by extracellular adenosine triphosphate in human normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelium. Br. J. Pharmacol. 103: 1C49-1656, 1991.
225. MASTROIANNI, N., H. DE FUSCO, M. ZOLLO, G. ARRIGO, O. ZUFFARDI, A. BETTINELLI, A. BALLABIA, AND G. CASARI. Molecular cloning, expression pattern, and chromosomal location of the human Na-Cl thiazide-sensitive cotransport er (SLC12A3). Genomics 35: 486-493, 1996.
226. MATHEWS, J., J. SMITH, AND B. HRNJEZ. Effects of F-actin stabilization or disassembly on epithelial Cl secretion and Na-K-2Cl cotransport. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Cell Physiol. 41): C254-C262, 1997.
227. - cotransport: role of Cl and actin. Am. J. Physiol. 274 (Cell Physiol. 43): C697-C706, 1998.
228. MATHEWS, J. B., J. SMITH, K. TALLY, C. AWTREY, H. NGUYEN, J. RICH, AND J. MADARA. Na-K-2Cl cotransport in intestinal cells: influence of Cl efflux and F-actin on regulation of cotransporter activity and bumetanide binding. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 15703-15709, 1994.
229. -. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 2260-2266, 1982.
230. MERCER, R. W., AND P. B. DUNHAM. Membrane-bound ATP fuels the Na/K pump: studies on membrane-bound glycolytic enzymes on inside-out vesicles from human red cell membranes. J. Gen. Physiol. 78: 547-568, 1981.
231. + transport by Ha-ras. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 8230-8235, 1991.
232. MILANICK, M. Ferret red cells: Na/Ca and Na-K-Cl cotransport. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol. 102: 619-624, 1992.
233. MILLS, J. W., AND L. J. MANDEL. Cytoskeletal regulation of membrane transport events. FASEB J. 8: 1161-1165, 1994.
234. + influx into HeLa cells: effects of extracellular monovalent ions. J. Membr. Biol. 92: 135-150, 1986.
235. + influx in cultured primary astrocytes. Brain Res. 655: 110-114, 1994.
236. +,2Cl cotransport in C6 glioma cells: kinetic properties and intracellular signalling mechanisms. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1285: 229-236, 1990.
237. +-2Cl co-transporter: evidence for an intracellular modifier site. Biochem. J. 309: 637-642, 1995.
238. MOTOKIZAWA, F., J. F. REUBEN, AND H. GRUNDFEST. Anion permeability of the inhibitory post-synaptic membrane of lobster muscle. J. Gen. Physiol. 50: 2491-2504, 1967.
239. MOUNT, D. B., E. DELPIRE, G. GAMBA, A. E. HALL, E. POCH, R. S. HOOVER, AND S. C. HEBERT. The electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters. J. Exp. Biol. 201: 2091-2102, 1998.
240. MOUNTIAN, I., K. Y. CHOU, AND W. VAN DRIESSCHE. Electrolyte transport mechanisms involved in regulatory volume increase in C6 glioma cells. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Cell Physiol. 40): C1041-C1048, 1996.
241. MUSCH, M. W., AND M. FIELD. K-independent Na-Cl cotransport in bovine tracheal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Cell Physiol. 25): C658-C665, 1989.
242. +-Cl cotransport in the intestine of a marine teleost. Nature 300: 351-353, 1982.
243. NAUNTOFTE, B. Regulation of electrolyte and fluid secretion in salivary acinar cells. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 26): G823-G837, 1992.
244. + cotransporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Pflügers Arch. 413: 559-561, 1989.
245. OBERLEITNER, H., W. GUGGINO, AND G. GIEBISCH. The effect of furosemide on luminal sodium, chloride and potassium transport in the early distal tubule of Amphiuma kidney: effects of potassium adaptation. Pflügers Arch 396: 27-33, 1983.
246. OBERLEITNER, H., F. LANG, R. GREGER, W. WANG, AND G. GIEBISCH. Effect of luminal potassium on cellular sodium activity in the early distal tubules of the Amphiuma kidney. Pflüyers Arch. 396:34-40, 1983.
247. O'BRIEN, T. G., AND K. KRZEMINSKI. Phorbol ester inhibits furosemide-sensitive potassium transport in Balb/3T3 preadipose cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA 80: 4334-4338, 1983.
248. +,Cl cotransport activity. J. Cell Physiol. 134: 302-306, 1988.
249. 3H]bumetanide binding in vascular endothelial cells: quantitation of Na-K-Cl cotransporters. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 20326-20330, 1989.
250. O'DONNELL, M. E. Regulation of Na-K-Cl cotransport in endothelial cells by atrial natriuretic factor. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Cell Physiol. 26): C36-C44, 1989.
251. 2+ and protein kinase C. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 11559-11566, 1991.
252. O'DONNELL, M. E. Role of Na-K-Cl cotransport in vascular endothelial volume regulation. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Cell Physiol. 33): C1316-C1326, 1993.
253. O'DONNELL, M. E., J. D. BRANDT, AND F. R. E. CURRY. Na-K-Cl cotransport regulates intracellular volume and monolayer permeability of trabecular meshwork cells. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Cell Physiol. 37): C1067-C1074, 1995.
254. O'DONNELL, M. E., A. MARTINEZ, AND D. SUN. Endothelial Na-K-Cl cotransport regulation by tonicity and hormones: phosphorylation of cotransport protein. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Cell Physiol. 38): C1513-C1523, 1995.
255. O'GRADY, S. M., H. C. PALFREY, AND M. FIELD. Characteristics and functions of the Na-K-Cl cotransport in epithelial tissues. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Cell Physiol. 22): C177-C192, 1987.
256. 3H]bumetanide binding and effects of furosemide analogues. J. Membr. Biol. 96: 11-18, 1987.
257. O'NEILL, W. C., AND J. D. KLEIN. Regulation of vascular endothelial cell volume by Na-K-2Cl cotransport. Am. J. Physiol. 262 (Cell Physiol. 31): C436-C444, 1992.
258. + channels in vascular endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (Cell Physiol. 36): C267-C274, 1995.
259. ORLOV, S. N., J. TREMBLAY, AND P. HAMET. Cell volume in vascular smooth muscle is regulated by bumetanide-sensitive ion Iransport. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (Cell Physiol. 39): C1388-C1397, 1996.
260. OWEN, N., AND M. L. PRASTEIN. Na/K/Cl cotransport in cultured human flbroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 1445-1451, 1985.
261. OWEN, N. E. Regulation of Na/K/Cl cotransport in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 125: 500-508, 1984.
262. OWEN, N. E., AND K. M. RIDGE. Mechanism of angiotensin II stimulation of Na-K-Cl cotransport of vascular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Cell Physiol. 26): CG29-C636, 1989.
263. PALFREY, H. C. Na/K/Cl transport in avian red cells: reversible inhibition by ATP depletion (Abstract). J. Gen. Physiol. 82: 10a, 1983.
264. PALFREY, H. C., P. W. FEIT, AND P. GREENGARD. cAMP-stimulated cation cotransport in avian erythrocytes: inhibition by "loop" diuretics. Am. J. Physiol. 238 (Cell Physiol. 7): C139-C148, 1980.
265. PALFREY, H. C., AND P. GREENGARD. Hormone-sensitive ion transport system in erythrocytes as models for epithelial ion transport pathways. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 372: 291-308, 1981.
266. PALFREY, H. C., AND M. E. O'DONNELL. Characteristics and regulation of the Na/K/2Cl cotransport er. Cell Physiol. Biochem. 2: 293-307, 1992.
267. +-2Cl cotransport reflects a requirement for protein phosphorylation: studies using calyculin A. Pflügers Arch. 425: 321-328, 1993.
268. PALFREY, H. C., AND M. C. RAO. Na/K/Cl co-transport and its regulation. J. Exp. Biol. 106: 43-54, 1983.
269. PALFREY, H. C., P. SILVA, AND F. H. EPSTEIN. Sensitivity of cAMP-stimulated salt secretion in shark rectal gland to "loop" diruetics. Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Cell Physiol. 15): C242-C246, 1984.
270. + influx performed by the diuretic-sensitive transport system in quiescent NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 813: 141-144, 1985.
271. + influx carried by the bumetanide-sensitive cotransporter in quiescent BALB/c 3T3 flbroblasts. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 859: 117-121, 1986.
272. + influx inhibitors on induction of c-fos, c-myc, and ODC genes during cell cycle. J. Cell. Physiol. 140: 161-168, 1989.
273. +/Cl by different mitogens in synchronized human fibroblasts is essential for cell proliferation. J. Cell Biol. 114: 337-342, 1991.
274. PANET, R., I. FROMER, AND H. ATLAN. Differentiation between serum stimulation and of ouabain-resistant and sensitive Rb influx in quiescent NIH 3T3 cells. J. Membr. Biol. 70: 165-169, 1992.
275. PANET, R., M. MARKUS, AND H. ATLAN. Bumetanide and furosemide inhibited vascular endothelial cell proliferation. J. Cell. Physiol. 158: 121-127, 1994.
276. +/Cl cotransport in hamster fibroblasts. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 6177-6183, 1986.
277. PARK, J. H., AND M. H. SAIER, JR. Phylogenetic, structural and functional characteristics of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter family. J. Membr. Biol. 149: 161-168, 1996.
278. PARKER, J. C. Volume-responsive sodium movements in dog red blood cells. Am. J. Physiol. 244 (Cell Physiol. 13): C324-C330, 1983.
279. o regulation. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Cell Physiol. 42): C1516-C1525, 1997.
280. PAYNE, J. A., AND B. FORBUSH III. Alternatively spliced isoforms of the putative Na-K-Cl cotransporter are diffferentially distributed within the rabbit kidney. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 4544-4548, 1994.
281. PAYNE, J. A., AND B. FORBUSH III. Molecular characterization of the epithelial Na-K-Cl cotransporter isoforms. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7: 493-503, 1995.
282. PAYNE, J. A., T. J. STEVENSON, AND L. F. DONALDSON. Molecular characterization of a putative K-Cl cotransporter in rat brain. A neuronal-specific isoform. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 16245-16252, 1996.
283. PAYNE, J. A., J.-C. XU, M. HAAS, C. Y. LYTLE, D. WARD, AND B. FORBUSH III. Primary structure, functional expression and chromosomal localization of the bumetanide-sensilive Na-K-Cl cotransporter in human colon. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 17977-17985, 1995.
284. + exchanger in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells: mechanisms involved in the activation and a role for the exchanger in cell volume regulation. J. Membr. Biol. 149: 141-159, 1996.
285. PERUTZ, M. F., D. T.-B. SHIM, AND D. WILLIAMSON. The chloride effect in human hemoglobin. A new kind of allosteric mechanism. J. Mol. Biol. 239: 555-560, 1994.
286. PEWITT, E. B., R. S. HEGDE, M. HAAS, AND H. C. PALFREY. The regulation of Na/K/2Cl cotransport and humetanide binding in avian erythrocytes by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Effects of kinase inhibitors and okadaic acid. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 20747-20756, 1990.
287. 3H]bumetanide binding to avian erythrocyte membranes. Correlation with activation and deactivation of Na/K/2Cl cotransport. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 14364-14370, 1990.
288. +-Cl cotransporter BSC2 in the nervous system. Am. J. Physiol. 272 (Cell Physiol. 41): C173-C183, 1997.
289. QUAGGIN, S. E., J. A. PAYNE, B. FORBUSH III, AND P. IGARASHI. Localization of the renal Na-K-Cl cotransporter gene (SLC12a1) on mouse chromosome 2. Mamm. Genomics 6: 557-561, 1995.
290. +-2Cl cotransporter BSC2 in proximal tubule, aortic endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. Pflügers Arch. 431: 458-460, 1996.
291. +-2Cl cotransporter. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Cell Physiol. 42): C1266-C1277, 1997.
292. RAO, M. C., N. T. NASH, AND M. FIELD. Differing effects of cGMP and cAMP on ion transport across flounder intestine. Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Cell Physiol. 15): C167-C171, 1984.
293. RESHKIN, S. J., S. LEE, J. N. GEORGE, AND R. J. TURNER. Identification, characterization and purification of a 160 kD bumetanide-binding glycoprotein from rabbit parotid. J. Membr. Biol. 136: 243-251, 1993.
294. REUSS, L. R. Basolateral KCl cotransport in a NaCl-absorbing epithelium. Nature 305: 723-726, 1983.
295. +) cotransport in the Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 2254-2259, 1982.
296. i. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (Cell Physiol. 36): C146-C156, 1994.
297. ROOS, A., AND W. F. BORON. Intracellular pH. Physiol. Rev. 61: 296-434, 1981.
298. + exchange-deficient mutants. Am. J. Physiol. 257 (Cell Physiol. 26): C1158-C1165, 1989.
299. ROZENGURT, E. Early signals in the mitogenic response. Science 234: 161-166, 1986.
300. 86Rb influx in quiescent 3T3 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 72: 4492-4495, 1975.
301. RUBIN, C. S., J. EHRLICHMAN, AND O. M. ROSEN. Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase of human erythrocyte membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 247: 6135-6139, 1972.
302. RUSSELL, J. M. ATP-dependent chloride influx into internally dialyzed squid giant axons. J. Membr. Biol. 28: 335-349, 1976.
303. RUSSELL, J. M. Chloride and sodium influx: a coupled uptake mechanism in the squid giant axon. J. Gen. Physiol. 73: 801-818, 1979.
304. RUSSELL, J. M. Anion transport mechanisms in neurons. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 341: 510-523, 1980.
305. +-dependent Na-Cl uptake by squid giant axon (Abstract). Biophys. J. 33: 40a, 1981.
306. RUSSELL, J. M. Cation-coupled chloride influx in squid axon: role of potassium and stoichiometry of the transport process. J. Gen. Physiol. 81: 909-925, 1983.
307. RUSSELL, J. M. Chloride in the squid giant axon. Curr. Top. Membr. Transp. 22: 177-193, 1984.
308. RUSSELL, J. M., D. C. EATON, AND M. S. BRODWICK. Effects of nystatin on membrane conductance and internal ion activities in Aplysia neurons. J. Membr. Biol. 37: 137-156, 1977.
309. SACHS, J. Ouabain-insensitive sodium movements in the human red blood cell. J. Gen. Physiol. 57: 259-282, 1971.
310. SACHS, J. R., AND L. G. WELT. The concentration dependence of active potassium transport in the human red blood cell. J. Clin. Invest. 46: 65-76, 1967.
311. SAIER, M. H., JR., AND D. A. BOYDEN. Mechanism, regulation and physiological significance of the loop diuretic-sensitive NaCl/KCl symport in animal cells. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 59: 11-32, 1984.
312. SANTOSO, A. W. B., D. M. SCOTT, AND R. KINNE. Localization of Tamm-Horsfall protein in chloride transporting epithelia: lack of correlation with the Na,K,Cl cotransporter. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 43: 104-109, 1987.
313. SCHLATTER, E., R. GREGER, AND C. WEIDTKE. Effect of "high ceiling" diuretics on active salt transport in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop of rabbit kidney. Pflügers Arch. 396: 210-217, 1983.
314. SCHMIDT, W. F., AND T. J. MCMANUS. Ouabain-insensitive salt and water movements in duck red cells. I. Kinetics of cation transport under hypenonic conditions. J. Gen. Physiol. 70: 59-79, 1977.
315. SCHMIDT, W. F., AND T. J. MCMANUS. Ouabaia-insensitive salt and water movements in duck red cells. II. Norepinephrine stimulation of sodium plus potassium cotransport. J. Gen. Physiol. 70: 81-97, 1977.
316. SCHMIDT, W. F., AND T. J. MCMANUS. Ouabain-insensitive salt and water movements in duck red cells. III. The role of chloride in the volume response. J. Gen. Physiol. 70: 99-121, 1977.
317. SECAL, I. H. Enzyme Kinetics. New York: Wiley, 1975.
318. SHANES, A. M. Electrochemical aspects of physiological and pharmacological action in excitable cells. Part 1. The resting cell and its alteration by extrinsic factors. Pharmacol. Rev. 10: 59-164, 1958.
319. SHENNAN, D. B., AND A. R. CHIPPERFIELD. The dependence on chloride ions of the loop diuretic sensitive component of passive sodium efflux from human red cells. Pflügers Arch. 406: 333-339, 1986.
320. +-2Cl cotransport system in oocytes from Xenopus laevis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1023: 184-190, 1990.
321. SHIH, D. T.-B., AND M. F. PERUTZ. Influence of anions and protons on the Adair coefficients of haemoglobins A and Cowton [His HC3(146) b→Leu]. J. Mol. Biol. 195: 419-422, 1987.
322. SHOROFSKY, S. R., M. FIELD, AND H. A. FOZZARD. Mechansim of Cl secretion in canine trachea: changes in intracellular chloride activity with secretion. J. Membr. Biol. 81: 1-8, 1984.
323. SILVA, P., R. SOLOMON, H. BRIGNULL, S. HORNUNG, J. LANDSBERG, H. SOLOMON, D. WOLF, AND F. EPSTEIN. Effect of protein kinase C activation of chloride secretion by the rectal gland of Squalus acanthias. Bull. Mt. Desert Isl. Biol. Lab. 31: 65-67, 1992.
324. SILVA, P., J. STOFF, M. FIELD, L. FINE, J. N. FORREST, AND F. H. EPSTEIN. Mechanism of active chloride secretion by shark rectal gland: role of Na-K-ATPase in chloride transport. Am. J. Physiol. 233 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 2): F298-F306, 1977.
325. SIMON, D. B., F. E. KARET, J. M. HAMDAN, A. DIPIETRO, S. SANJAD, AND R. P. LIFTON. Batter's syndrome, hypokalemic alkalosis with hypercalcuria, is caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2. Nature Genet. 13: 183-188, 1996.
326. SIMON, D. B., C. NELSON-WILLIAMS, M. J. BIA, D. ELLISON, F. E. KARET, A. M. MOLINA, I. VAARA, F. IWATA, H. M. CUSHNER, M. KOOLEN, F. J. GAINZA, H. J. GITELMAN, AND R. P LIPTON. Gitelman's variant of Barter's syndrome, inherited hypokalemic alkalosis, is caused by mutations in the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter. Nature Genet. 12: 24-30, 1996.
327. - cotransporter activity in HT-29 human adenocarcinoma cells. Am. J. Physiol. 264 (Cell Physiol. 33): C857-C865, 1993.
328. - cotransport in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells: stimulation by angiotensin and calcium ionophore, inhibition by cAMP and calmodulin antagonists. J. Membr. Biol. 99: 51-63, 1987.
329. --cotransport-deficient BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 145: 531-535, 1990.
330. 2+-calmoldulin-mediated pathway in BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts. J. Cell. Physiol. 149: 497-502, 1991.
331. STARKE, L. C. Regulation of [Nα-K-SCl] and [K-Cl] Cotransport in Duck Red Cells. (PhD thesis). Durham, NC: Duke University, 1989.
332. STOKES, J. B., I. LEE, AND M. D'AMICO. Sodium chloride absorption by the urinary bladder of the winter flounder. A thiazide-sensitive, electrically neutral transport system. J. Clin. Invest. 74: 7-16, 1984.
333. STOSSEL, T. P. From signal to pseudopod: how cells control cytoplasmic actin assembly. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 18261-18264, 1989.
334. - cotransport in mouse medullary thick ascending limb. J. Membr. Biol. 120: 83-94, 1991.
335. SUN, D., AND M. E. O'DONNELL. Astroglial-mediated phosphorylation of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter in brain microvessel endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Cell Physiol. 40): C620-C627, 1996.
336. - Cotransporter. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (Cell Physiol. 36): C375-C384, 1994.
337. +-2Cl cotransporter in Xenopus oocytes. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Cell Physiol. 35): C284-C292, 1994.
338. TAMM, I., AND F. L. HORSFALL, JR. Characterization and separation of an inhibitor of viral hemagglutination present in urine. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 74: 108-114, 1950.
339. - cotransporter. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 25252-25258, 1995.
340. - co-transport in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 903: 411-416, 1987.
341. TORCHIA, J., C. LYTLE, D. J. PON, B. FORBUSH III, AND A. K. SEN. The Na-K-Cl cotransporter of avian salt gland. Phosphorylation in response to cAMP-dependent and calcium-dependent secretogogues. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 25444-25450, 1992.
342. 2+ and PKC activation. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 29778-29784, 1994.
343. TOYOMOTO, T., D. KNUDSEN, G. SOOS, AND K. SATO. Na-K-2Cl cotransporters are present and regulated in simian eccrine clear cells. Am, J. Physiol. 273 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 42): R270-R277, 1997.
344. TREHARNE, K. J., L. J. MARSHALL, AND A. MEHTA. A novel chloride-dependent GTP-utilizing protein kinase in plasma membranes from human respiratory epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 11): L592-L601, 1994.
345. TURNER, R. J., AND J. N. GEORGE. Ionic dependence of bumetanide binding to the rabbit parotid Na/K/Cl cotransporter. J. Membr. Biol. 102: 71-77, 1988.
346. - cotransport system in basolateral membrane vesicles from the rabbit parotid. J. Membr. Biol. 94: 143-152, 1986.
347. -) cotransport system in turkey erythrocytes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 818: 260-266, 1985.
348. USSING, H. H. Volume regulation of frog skin epithelium. Acta Physiol. Scand. 114: 363-369, 1982.
349. + concentrations in normal human labial gland acini. Am. J. Physiol. 267 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 30): G601-G607, 1994.
350. WACKER, W. E. C. Man and Magnesium. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, 1980.
351. - in the turnover cycle of the NaK2Cl cotransporter. J. Gen. Physiol. 101: 889-908, 1993.
352. WHISENANT, N., B.-X. ZHANG, M. KHADEMAZAD, P. LOESSBERG, AND S. MUALLEM. Regulation of Na-K-2Cl cotransport in osteoblasts. Am. J. Physiol. 261 (Cell Physiol. 30): C433-C440, 1991.
353. 3H]bumetanide binding. J. Membr. Biol. 110: 163-174, 1989.
354. - cotransporter of murine L 1210 leukemia cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 946: 368-378, 1988.
355. WILEY, J. S., AND R. A. COOPER. A furosemide-sensitive cotransport of sodium plus potassium in the human red cell. J. Clin. Invest. 53: 745-755, 1974.
356. WONG, M. M. Y., AND J. K. FOSKETT. Oscillations of cytosolic sodium during calcium oscillations in exocrine acinar cells. Science 254: 1014-1016, 1991.
357. WRIGHT, E. M., AND J. M. DIAMOND. Anion selectivity in biological systems. Physiol. Rev. 57: 109-156, 1977.
358. XU, J. C., C. LYTLE, T. ZHU, J. A. PAYNE, E. BENZ, AND B. FORBUSH III. Molecular cloning and functional expression of the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl cotransporter. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2201-2205, 1994.
359. YANG, T., Y. G. HUANG, I. SINGH, J. SCHNERMAN, AND J. P. BRIGGS. Localization of bumetanide- and thiazide-sensitive NaK-Cl cotransporters along the rat nephron. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 40): F931-F939, 1996.
360. YERBY, T. R., C. R. VIBAT, D. SUN, J. A. PAYNE, AND M. E. O'DONNELL. Molecular characterization of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. 273 (Cell Physiol. 42): C188-C197, 1997.
361. ZHANG, Y., M. N. CHERNOVA, A. K. STUART-RILEY, L. JIANG, AND S. L. ALPER. the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains of AE2 both contribute to regulation of anion exchange by pH. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 5741-5749, 1996.