메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 109, Issue 4, 2004, Pages

Interactive chemistry in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model: Description and background tropospheric chemistry evaluation

Author keywords

Climate chemistry interactions; Global modeling; Tropospheric ozone budget

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON MONOXIDE; NUMERICAL MODEL; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 2642580835     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003957     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (308)

References (187)
  • 1
    • 2642541420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of lightning flash rate parameterizations for use in a global chemical transport model
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002066
    • Allen, D. J., and K. E. Pickering (2002), Evaluation of lightning flash rate parameterizations for use in a global chemical transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4711, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002066.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D23 , pp. 4711
    • Allen, D.J.1    Pickering, K.E.2
  • 2
    • 0035693625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emissions of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning
    • Andreae, M. O., and P. Merlet (2001), Emissions of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 955-966.
    • (2001) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.15 , pp. 955-966
    • Andreae, M.O.1    Merlet, P.2
  • 3
    • 0035308181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional chemical model simulations of the ozone layer: 2015-2055
    • Austin, J., N. Butchart, and J. Knight (2001), Three-dimensional chemical model simulations of the ozone layer: 2015-2055, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 127, 959-974.
    • (2001) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.127 , pp. 959-974
    • Austin, J.1    Butchart, N.2    Knight, J.3
  • 5
    • 0024256390 scopus 로고
    • Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere
    • Barric, L. A., J. W. Bottenheim, R. C. Schnell, P. J. Crutzen, and R. A. Rasmussen (1988), Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere, Nature, 334, 138-140.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 138-140
    • Barric, L.A.1    Bottenheim, J.W.2    Schnell, R.C.3    Crutzen, P.J.4    Rasmussen, R.A.5
  • 6
    • 2642588336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global modeling of heterogeneous chemistry on mineral aerosol surfaces: Influence on tropospheric ozone chemistry and comparison to observations
    • doi:10.1029/2003JD003868
    • Bauer, S. E., Y. Balkanski, M. Schulz, D. Hauglustaine, and F. Dentener (2004), Global modeling of heterogeneous chemistry on mineral aerosol surfaces: Influence on tropospheric ozone chemistry and comparison to observations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02304, doi:10.1029/2003JD003868.
    • (2004) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.109
    • Bauer, S.E.1    Balkanski, Y.2    Schulz, M.3    Hauglustaine, D.4    Dentener, F.5
  • 7
    • 0031413325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere: I. Model description and CO and ozone results
    • Berntsen, T. K., and I. S. A. Isaksen (1997), A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere: I. Model description and CO and ozone results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21,239-21,280.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 21239-21280
    • Berntsen, T.K.1    Isaksen, I.S.A.2
  • 8
    • 0033791418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time evolution of tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing
    • Berntsen, T. J., G. Myhre, F. Stordal, and I. S. A. Isaksen (2000), Time evolution of tropospheric ozone and its radiative frocing, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8915-8930.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 8915-8930
    • Berntsen, T.J.1    Myhre, G.2    Stordal, F.3    Isaksen, I.S.A.4
  • 9
    • 0034761947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation
    • Bey, I., et al. (2001), Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: Model description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23,073-23,096.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 23073-23096
    • Bey, I.1
  • 11
    • 0029502291 scopus 로고
    • General circulation model assessment of the sensitivity of direct climate forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols to aerosol size and chemistry
    • Boucher, O., and T. L. Anderson (1995), General circulation model assessment of the sensitivity of direct climate forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols to aerosol size and chemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 26,117-26,134.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 26117-26134
    • Boucher, O.1    Anderson, T.L.2
  • 12
    • 0036558495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of sulfate aerosol radiative forcings
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL014048
    • Boucher, O., and M. Pham (2002), History of sulfate aerosol radiative forcings, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(9), 1308, doi:10.1029/2001GL014048.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.9 , pp. 1308
    • Boucher, O.1    Pham, M.2
  • 14
    • 0030448510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing high-resolution nitrous oxide emission estimates against observations using an atmospheric transport model
    • Bouwman, A. F., and J. A. Taylor (1996), Testing high-resolution nitrous oxide emission estimates against observations using an atmospheric transport model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 307-318.
    • (1996) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.10 , pp. 307-318
    • Bouwman, A.F.1    Taylor, J.A.2
  • 15
    • 0029853612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical compounds in the remote Pacific troposphere: Comparison between MLOPEX measurements and chemical transport model calculations
    • Brasseur, G. P., D. A. Hauglustaine, and S. Walters (1996), Chemical compounds in the remote Pacific troposphere: Comparison between MLOPEX measurements and chemical transport model calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,795-14,813.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 14795-14813
    • Brasseur, G.P.1    Hauglustaine, D.A.2    Walters, S.3
  • 19
    • 3042537463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the performance of chemistry transport models by comparison with research aircraft observations. Part 1: Concepts and overall model performance
    • Brunner, D., et al. (2003), An evaluation of the performance of chemistry transport models by comparison with research aircraft observations. Part 1: Concepts and overall model performance, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1609-1631.
    • (2003) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.3 , pp. 1609-1631
    • Brunner, D.1
  • 21
    • 0029663084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing due to increased tropospheric ozone concentrations
    • Chalita, S., D. A. Hauglustaine, and J.-F. Müller (1996), Radiative forcing due to increased tropospheric ozone concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1641-1646.
    • (1996) Atmos. Environ. , vol.30 , pp. 1641-1646
    • Chalita, S.1    Hauglustaine, D.A.2    Müller, J.-F.3
  • 22
    • 0032181319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 1997-1998 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and water vapor
    • Chandra, S., J. R. Ziemke, W. Min, and W. G. Read (1998), Effects of 1997-1998 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3867-3870.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 3867-3870
    • Chandra, S.1    Ziemke, J.R.2    Min, W.3    Read, W.G.4
  • 24
    • 0242376424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector
    • doi:1029/2002JD002347
    • Christian, H. J., et al. (2003), Global frequency and distribution of lightning as observed from space by the Optical Transient Detector, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D1), 4005, doi:1029/2002JD002347.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D1 , pp. 4005
    • Christian, H.J.1
  • 25
    • 0033585961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships
    • Corbett, J. J., P. S. Fischbeck, and S. N. Pandis (1999), Global nitrogen and sulfur inventories for oceangoing ships, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3457-3470.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 3457-3470
    • Corbett, J.J.1    Fischbeck, P.S.2    Pandis, S.N.3
  • 27
    • 0035862089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, distributions over the Pacific basin
    • 2, distributions over the Pacific basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 235-238.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 235-238
    • Davis, D.D.1
  • 28
    • 0028582679 scopus 로고
    • NDVI-derived land classification at global scales
    • De Fries, R. S., and J. R. Townshend (1994), NDVI-derived land classification at global scales, Int. J. Remote Sens., 15, 3567-3586.
    • (1994) Int. J. Remote Sens. , vol.15 , pp. 3567-3586
    • De Fries, R.S.1    Townshend, J.R.2
  • 30
    • 6544275411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6 A model intercomparison study (TransCom 2)
    • Ser. B
    • 6 A model intercomparison study (TransCom 2), Tellus, Ser. B, 51, 266-297.
    • (1999) Tellus , vol.51 , pp. 266-297
    • Denning, A.S.1
  • 32
    • 0032716605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the transport of Rn222 using on-line and off-line global models at different horizontal resolutions: A detailed comparison with measurements
    • Ser. B
    • Dentener, F., J. Feichter, and A. Jeuken ( 1999), Simulation of the transport of Rn222 using on-line and off-line global models at different horizontal resolutions: A detailed comparison with measurements, Tellus, Ser. B, 51, 573-602.
    • (1999) Tellus , vol.51 , pp. 573-602
    • Dentener, F.1    Feichter, J.2    Jeuken, A.3
  • 33
    • 0029751535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian influence over the western North Pacific during the fall season: Inferences from lead 210, soluble ionic species and ozone
    • Dibb, J. E., R. W. Talbot, K. I. Klemm, G. L. Gregory, H. B. Singh, J. D. Bradshaw, and S. T. Sandholm (1996), Asian influence over the western North Pacific during the fall season: Inferences from lead 210, soluble ionic species and ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1779-1792.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 1779-1792
    • Dibb, J.E.1    Talbot, R.W.2    Klemm, K.I.3    Gregory, G.L.4    Singh, H.B.5    Bradshaw, J.D.6    Sandholm, S.T.7
  • 35
    • 0032482404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuing decline in the growth rate of the atmospheric methane burden
    • Dlugokencky, E. J., K. A. Masarie, P. M. Lang, and P. P. Tans (1998), Continuing decline in the growth rate of the atmospheric methane burden, Nature, 393, 447-450.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 447-450
    • Dlugokencky, E.J.1    Masarie, K.A.2    Lang, P.M.3    Tans, P.P.4
  • 37
    • 0030616182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • y: A comparison of data and models
    • y: A comparison of data and models, Atmos. Environ., 31, 1851-1904.
    • (1997) Atmos. Environ. , vol.31 , pp. 1851-1904
    • Emmons, L.K.1
  • 39
    • 0027035676 scopus 로고
    • 3-D tropospheric CO modeling: The possible influence of the ocean
    • Erickson, D. J., III, and J. A. Taylor (1992), 3-D tropospheric CO modeling: The possible influence of the ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1955-1958.
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 1955-1958
    • Erickson III, D.J.1    Taylor, J.A.2
  • 40
    • 0028174749 scopus 로고
    • Review of deposition monitoring methods
    • Ser. B
    • Erisman, J. W., C. Beier, G. Gmaijers, and S. Lindberg (1994), Review of deposition monitoring methods, Tellus, Ser. B, 46, 79-93.
    • (1994) Tellus , vol.46 , pp. 79-93
    • Erisman, J.W.1    Beier, C.2    Gmaijers, G.3    Lindberg, S.4
  • 41
  • 43
    • 0002510178 scopus 로고
    • Computations of solar heating of the Earth's atmosphere: A new parameterization
    • Fouquart, Y., and B. Bonnel (1980), Computations of solar heating of the Earth's atmosphere: A new parameterization, Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 53, 35-62.
    • (1980) Contrib. Atmos. Phys. , vol.53 , pp. 35-62
    • Fouquart, Y.1    Bonnel, B.2
  • 45
    • 0033103411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic forcing of nitrogen oxides through changes in tropospheric ozone and methane: Global 3D model studies
    • Fuglestvedt, J. S., T. K. Berntsen, I. S. A. Isaksen, H. Mao, X.-Z. Liang, and W.-C. Wang (1999), Climatic forcing of nitrogen oxides through changes in tropospheric ozone and methane: Global 3D model studies, Atmos. Environ., 33, 961-977.
    • (1999) Atmos. Environ. , vol.33 , pp. 961-977
    • Fuglestvedt, J.S.1    Berntsen, T.K.2    Isaksen, I.S.A.3    Mao, H.4    Liang, X.-Z.5    Wang, W.-C.6
  • 46
    • 0026301141 scopus 로고
    • Global budgets of atmospheric methane: Results from a three-dimensional global model synthesis
    • Fung, I., J. John, J. Lerner, E. Matthews, M. J. Prather, L. P Steele, and P. J. Fraser (1991), Global budgets of atmospheric methane: Results from a three-dimensional global model synthesis, J Geophys. Res., 96, 13,033-13,065.
    • (1991) J Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 13033-13065
    • Fung, I.1    John, J.2    Lerner, J.3    Matthews, E.4    Prather, M.J.5    Steele, L.P.6    Fraser, P.J.7
  • 47
    • 0028177611 scopus 로고
    • Year 2020: Consequences of population growth and development on deposition of oxidized nitrogen
    • Galloway, J. N., H. Levy II, and P. S. Kasibhatla (1994), Year 2020: Consequences of population growth and development on deposition of oxidized nitrogen, Amabio, 23, 120-123.
    • (1994) Ambio , vol.23 , pp. 120-123
    • Galloway, J.N.1    Levy II, H.2    Kasibhatla, P.S.3
  • 48
    • 0029509712 scopus 로고
    • Dry deposition parameterization in a chemistry general circulation model and its influence on the distribution of reactive trace gases
    • Ganzeveld, L., and J. Lefieveld (1995), Dry deposition parameterization in a chemistry general circulation model and its influence on the distribution of reactive trace gases, J. Geophys. Res, 100, 20,999- 21,012.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res , vol.100 , pp. 20999-21012
    • Ganzeveld, L.1    Lefieveld, J.2
  • 50
    • 0028837741 scopus 로고
    • Radon 222 as a comparative tracer of transport and mixing in two general circulation models of the atmosphere
    • Genthon, C., and A. Armengaud (1995), Radon 222 as a comparative tracer of transport and mixing in two general circulation models of the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2849-2866.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 2849-2866
    • Genthon, C.1    Armengaud, A.2
  • 52
    • 0022164340 scopus 로고
    • The rainout parameterization in a photochemical model
    • Giorgi, F., and W. L. Chameides (1985), The rainout parameterization in a photochemical model, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 7872-7880.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 7872-7880
    • Giorgi, F.1    Chameides, W.L.2
  • 57
    • 1642449999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Halocarbons and other atmospheric trace species
    • edited by R. C. Schnell, D. B. King, and R. M. Rosson, NOAA Off. of Oceanic and Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo
    • Hall, B. D., et al. (2001), Halocarbons and other atmospheric trace species, in Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Summary Report 25, 1998-1999, edited by R. C. Schnell, D. B. King, and R. M. Rosson, pp. 91- 131, NOAA Off. of Oceanic and Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo.
    • (2001) Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Summary Report 25, 1998-1999 , pp. 91-131
    • Hall, B.D.1
  • 59
    • 77957054955 scopus 로고
    • The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the relative humidity at thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air
    • Hänel, G. (1976), The properties of atmospheric aerosol particles as functions of the relative humidity at thermodynamic equilibrium with the surrounding moist air, Adv. Geophys., 19, 73-188.
    • (1976) Adv. Geophys. , vol.19 , pp. 73-188
    • Hänel, G.1
  • 60
    • 33646500082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate forcings in Goddard Institute for Space Studies S12000 simulations
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD001143
    • Hansen, J., et al. (2002), Climate forcings in Goddard Institute for Space Studies S12000 simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D8), 4347, doi:10.1029/2001JD001143.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D8 , pp. 4347
    • Hansen, J.1
  • 61
    • 0028570938 scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of tropical biomass burning in 1980 with 5° × 5° resolution
    • Hao, W. M., and M.-H. Liu (1994), Spatial distribution of tropical biomass burning in 1980 with 5° × 5° resolution, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8, 495-503.
    • (1994) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.8 , pp. 495-503
    • Hao, W.M.1    Liu, M.-H.2
  • 62
    • 0028561369 scopus 로고
    • Examination of tracer transport in the NCAR CCM2 by comparison of CFCL3 simulations with ALE/GAGE observations
    • Hartley, D. E., D. L. Williamson, P. J. Rasch, and R. G. Prinn (1994), Examination of tracer transport in the NCAR CCM2 by comparison of CFCL3 simulations with ALE/GAGE observations, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,885-12,896.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 12885-12896
    • Hartley, D.E.1    Williamson, D.L.2    Rasch, P.J.3    Prinn, R.G.4
  • 63
    • 0029413364 scopus 로고
    • Internal versus SST-forced atmospheric variability as simulated by atmospheric general circulation model
    • Harzallah, A., and R. Sadourny (1995), Internal versus SST-forced atmospheric variability as simulated by atmospheric general circulation model, J. Clim., 8, 474-495.
    • (1995) J. Clim. , vol.8 , pp. 474-495
    • Harzallah, A.1    Sadourny, R.2
  • 64
    • 0035723620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of tropospheric ozone under anthropogenic activities and associated radiative forcing of climate
    • Hauglustaine, D. A., and G. P. Brasseur (2001), Evolution of tropospheric ozone under anthropogenic activities and associated radiative forcing of climate, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32,337-32,360.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 32337-32360
    • Hauglustaine, D.A.1    Brasseur, G.P.2
  • 65
    • 36448992301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional model of molecular hydrogen in the troposphere
    • doi:10.1029/2001JD001156
    • Hauglustaine, D. A., and D. H. Ehhalt (2002), A three-dimensional model of molecular hydrogen in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D17), 4330, doi:10.1029/2001JD001156.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D17 , pp. 4330
    • Hauglustaine, D.A.1    Ehhalt, D.H.2
  • 66
    • 0028192919 scopus 로고
    • The importance of atmospheric chemistry in the calculation of radiative forcing on the climate system
    • Hauglustaine, D. A., C. Grainer, G. P. Brasseur, and G. Mégie (1994), The importance of atmospheric chemistry in the calculation of radiative forcing on the climate system, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1173 1186.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 1173-1186
    • Hauglustaine, D.A.1    Grainer, C.2    Brasseur, G.P.3    Mégie, G.4
  • 67
    • 27644536103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MOZART, a global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers: 2. Model results and evaluation
    • Hauglustaine, D. A., G. P. Brasseur, S. Walters, P. J. Rasch, J.-F. Müller, L. K. Emmons, and M. A. Carroll (1998), MOZART, a global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers: 2. Model results and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28,291-28,335.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 28291-28335
    • Hauglustaine, D.A.1    Brasseur, G.P.2    Walters, S.3    Rasch, P.J.4    Müller, J.-F.5    Emmons, L.K.6    Carroll, M.A.7
  • 68
    • 0031451340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inverse modeling approach to investigate the global atmospheric methane cycle
    • Hein, R., P. J. Crutzen, and M. Heimann (1997), An inverse modeling approach to investigate the global atmospheric methane cycle, Global. Biogeochem. Cycles, 11, 43-76.
    • (1997) Global. Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.11 , pp. 43-76
    • Hein, R.1    Crutzen, P.J.2    Heimann, M.3
  • 69
    • 5844265575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of an interactive coupled atmospheric chemistry-general circulation model: Comparison with observations
    • Hein, R., et al. (2001), Results of an interactive coupled atmospheric chemistry-general circulation model: Comparison with observations, Ann. Geophys., 19, 435-457.
    • (2001) Ann. Geophys. , vol.19 , pp. 435-457
    • Hein, R.1
  • 70
    • 0034487578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Episodic modeling of the chemical structure of the troposphere as revealed during the spring MLOPEX 2 intensive
    • Hess, P. G., S. Flocke, J.-F. Lamarque, M. C. Barth, and S. Madronich (2000), Episodic modeling of the chemical structure of the troposphere as revealed during the spring MLOPEX 2 intensive, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 26,809-26,839.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 26809-26839
    • Hess, P.G.1    Flocke, S.2    Lamarque, J.-F.3    Barth, M.C.4    Madronich, S.5
  • 71
    • 84986777445 scopus 로고
    • Quasi-Steady-state approximations in air pollution modeling: Comparison of two numerical schemes for oxidant prediction
    • Hesstvedt, E., Ö. Høv, and I. S. A. Isaksen (1978), Quasi-Steady-state approximations in air pollution modeling: Comparison of two numerical schemes for oxidant prediction, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 10, 971-994.
    • (1978) Int. J. Chem. Kinet. , vol.10 , pp. 971-994
    • Hesstvedt, E.1    Høv, Ö.2    Isaksen, I.S.A.3
  • 72
    • 0033081123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of direct radiative forcing due to non-methane hydrocarbons
    • Highwood, E. J., K. P. Shine, M. D. Hurley, and T. J. Wallington (1999), Estimation of direct radiative forcing due to non-methane hydrocarbons, Atmos. Environ., 33, 759-767.
    • (1999) Atmos. Environ. , vol.33 , pp. 759-767
    • Highwood, E.J.1    Shine, K.P.2    Hurley, M.D.3    Wallington, T.J.4
  • 73
    • 0033067394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics of the global tropopause pressure
    • Hoinka, K. (1998), Statistics of the global tropopause pressure, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 3303-3325.
    • (1998) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 3303-3325
    • Hoinka, K.1
  • 74
    • 0031444331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in the predicted spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and their impact on carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems
    • Holland, E. A., et al. (1997), Variations in the predicted spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and their impact on carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 15,849-15,866.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 15849-15866
    • Holland, E.A.1
  • 75
  • 76
    • 1642335606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2
    • doi:10.1029/2002JD002853
    • Horowitz, L. W., et al. (2003), A global simulation of tropospheric ozone and related tracers: Description and evaluation of MOZART, version 2, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D24), 4784, doi:10.1029/2002JD002853.
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108 , Issue.D24 , pp. 4784
    • Horowitz, L.W.1
  • 77
    • 0032721041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of finite-volume methods for atmospheric advection of trace species: 1. Test of various formulations in a general circulation model
    • Hourdin, F., and A. Armengaud (1999), The use of finite-volume methods for atmospheric advection of trace species: 1. Test of various formulations in a general circulation model, Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 822-837.
    • (1999) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 822-837
    • Hourdin, F.1    Armengaud, A.2
  • 78
    • 0034352720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-surface nuclear tests monotoring through the CTBT xenon network
    • Hourdin, F., and J. P. Issartel (2000), Sub-surface nuclear tests monotoring through the CTBT xenon network, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2245-2248.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 2245-2248
    • Hourdin, F.1    Issartel, J.P.2
  • 79
    • 0027836335 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological variability and the annual surface pressure cycle on Mars
    • Hourdin, F., P. Le Van, F. Forget, and O. Talagrand (1993), Meteorological variability and the annual surface pressure cycle on Mars, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3625-3640.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 3625-3640
    • Hourdin, F.1    Le Van, P.2    Forget, F.3    Talagrand, O.4
  • 80
    • 0033791969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The modeling of tropospheric methane: How well can point measurements be reproduced by a global model?
    • Houweling, S., F. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, B. Walter, and E. Dlugokencky (2000), The modeling of tropospheric methane: How well can point measurements be reproduced by a global model?, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8981-9002.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 8981-9002
    • Houweling, S.1    Dentener, F.2    Lelieveld, J.3    Walter, B.4    Dlugokencky, E.5
  • 81
    • 0033626787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone
    • Jacob, D. (2000), Heterogeneous chemistry and tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2131-2159.
    • (2000) Atmos. Environ. , vol.34 , pp. 2131-2159
    • Jacob, D.1
  • 82
    • 0025247307 scopus 로고
    • Radon-222 as a test of convective transport in a general circulation model
    • Ser. B
    • Jacob, D. J., and M. J. Prather (1990), Radon-222 as a test of convective transport in a general circulation model, Tellus, Ser. B, 42, 118-134.
    • (1990) Tellus , vol.42 , pp. 118-134
    • Jacob, D.J.1    Prather, M.J.2
  • 84
    • 0006783193 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of summertime ozone over North America
    • Jacob, D. J., (1993), Simulation of summertime ozone over North America, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14,797-14,816.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 14797-14816
    • Jacob, D.J.1
  • 85
    • 0031439159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using 222Rn and other short-lived tracers
    • Jacob, D. J., et al. (107), Evaluation and intercomparison of global atmospheric transport models using 222Rn and other short-lived tracers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5953-5970.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 5953-5970
    • Jacob, D.J.1
  • 86
    • 0035333023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of climate feedback on methane and ozone studied with a coupled ocean-atmosphere-chemistry model
    • Johnson, C. E., D. S. Stevenson, W. J. Collins, and R. G. Dervent (2001), Role of climate feedback on methane and ozone studied with a coupled ocean-atmosphere-chemistry model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1723-1726.
    • (2001) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.28 , pp. 1723-1726
    • Johnson, C.E.1    Stevenson, D.S.2    Collins, W.J.3    Dervent, R.G.4
  • 88
    • 0034352716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do emissions been ships have a significant impact on concentrations of nitrogen oxides in the marine boundary layer?
    • Kasibhatla, P., et al. (2000), Do emissions been ships have a significant impact on concentrations of nitrogen oxides in the marine boundary layer?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2229-2232.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 2229-2232
    • Kasibhatla, P.1
  • 89
    • 0034108807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 in the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM4
    • Ser. B
    • 2 in the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM4, Tellus, Ser. B, 52, 1-18.
    • (2000) Tellus , vol.52 , pp. 1-18
    • Kjellström, E.1    Feichter, J.2    Hoffman, G.3
  • 91
    • 0033589128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric sulfur simulation and sulfate direct radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model
    • Koch, D., D. Jacob, I. Tegen, D. Rind, and M. Chin (1999), Tropospheric sulfur simulation and sulfate direct radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model, J. Geophys Res., 104, 23,799-23,822.
    • (1999) J. Geophys Res. , vol.104 , pp. 23799-23822
    • Koch, D.1    Jacob, D.2    Tegen, I.3    Rind, D.4    Chin, M.5
  • 93
    • 0031841981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of an off-line three dimensional chemical transport model using observed radon profiles: 1. Observations
    • Kritz, M. A., S. W. Rosner, and D. Z. Stockwell (1998), Validation of an off-line three dimensional chemical transport model using observed radon profiles: 1. Observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8425-8432.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 8425-8432
    • Kritz, M.A.1    Rosner, S.W.2    Stockwell, D.Z.3
  • 95
    • 0025691053 scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone
    • Lacis, A. A., D. J. Wuebbles, and J. A. Logan (1990), Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 9971-9981.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 9971-9981
    • Lacis, A.A.1    Wuebbles, D.J.2    Logan, J.A.3
  • 96
    • 0030417239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional study of the relative contributions of the different nitrogen sources in the troposphere
    • Lamarque, J.-F., G. P. Brasseur, P. G. Hess, and J.-F. Müller (1996), Three-dimensional study of the relative contributions of the different nitrogen sources in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 22,955-22,968.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 22955-22968
    • Lamarque, J.-F.1    Brasseur, G.P.2    Hess, P.G.3    Müller, J.-F.4
  • 97
    • 0034016590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Atmospheric Deposition Program: An overview
    • Lamb, D., and J. Van Bowersox (2000), The National Atmospheric Deposition Program: An overview, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1661-1663.
    • (2000) Atmos. Environ. , vol.34 , pp. 1661-1663
    • Lamb, D.1    Van Bowersox, J.2
  • 98
    • 0032454012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 using Measurements of Ozone by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) data
    • 3 using Measurements of Ozone by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) data, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 25,721-25,737.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 25721-25737
    • Law, K.S.1
  • 99
    • 0033789443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between global chemistry transport model results and Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) data
    • Law, K. S., et al. (2000), Comparison between global chemistry transport model results and Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft (MOZAIC) data, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 1503-1526.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 1503-1526
    • Law, K.S.1
  • 100
    • 0031720456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of cloud particle gravitational settling on soluble trace gas distributions
    • Ser. B
    • Lawrence, M. G., and P. J. Crutzen (1998), The impact of cloud particle gravitational settling on soluble trace gas distributions, Tellus, Ser. B, 50, 263-289.
    • (1998) Tellus , vol.50 , pp. 263-289
    • Lawrence, M.G.1    Crutzen, P.J.2
  • 101
    • 0033589451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model for studies of tropospheric photochemistry: Description, global distributions, and evaluation
    • Lawrence, M. G., P. J. Crutzen, P. J. Rasch, B. E. Eaton, and N. M. Mahowald (1999), A model for studies of tropospheric photochemistry: Description, global distributions, and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 26,245-26,277.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 26245-26277
    • Lawrence, M.G.1    Crutzen, P.J.2    Rasch, P.J.3    Eaton, B.E.4    Mahowald, N.M.5
  • 102
  • 105
    • 0033792887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What controls tropospheric ozone?
    • Lelieveld, J., and F. J. Dentener (2000), What controls tropospheric ozone?, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3531-3551.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 3531-3551
    • Lelieveld, J.1    Dentener, F.J.2
  • 106
    • 0026301122 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to prescribed SST changes: Feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties
    • Le Treut, H., and Z. X. Li (1991), Sensitivity of an atmospheric general circulation model to prescribed SST changes: Feedback effects associated with the simulation of cloud optical properties, Clim. Dyn., 5, 175-187.
    • (1991) Clim. Dyn. , vol.5 , pp. 175-187
    • Le Treut, H.1    Li, Z.X.2
  • 107
    • 0028599228 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of the LMD general circulation model to greenhouse forcing associated with two different cloud water parametrizations
    • Le Treut, H., Z. X. Li, and M. Forichon (1994), Sensitivity of the LMD general circulation model to greenhouse forcing associated with two different cloud water parametrizations, J. Clim., 7, 1927-1841.
    • (1994) J. Clim. , vol.7 , pp. 1841-1927
    • Le Treut, H.1    Li, Z.X.2    Forichon, M.3
  • 108
    • 0001733727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 greenhouse forcing: Equilibrium response of the LMD GCM and associated cloud feedbacks
    • 2 greenhouse forcing: Equilibrium response of the LMD GCM and associated cloud feedbacks, J. Clim., 11, 1673-1684.
    • (1998) J. Clim. , vol.11 , pp. 1673-1684
    • Le Treut, H.1    Forichon, M.2    Boucher, O.3    Li, Z.-X.4
  • 110
    • 1842446373 scopus 로고
    • UGAMP internal report, U. K. Univ. Global Atmos. Model. Programme, Swindon
    • Li, D., and K. P. Shine (1995), A 4-D ozone climatology for UGAMP models, UGAMP internal report, U. K. Univ. Global Atmos. Model. Programme, Swindon.
    • (1995) A 4-D Ozone Climatology for UGAMP Models
    • Li, D.1    Shine, K.P.2
  • 111
    • 32044436944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transatlantic transport of pollution and its effects on surface ozone in Europe and North America
    • doi:10.129/2001JD001422
    • Li, Q., et al. (2002), Transatlantic transport of pollution and its effects on surface ozone in Europe and North America, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D13), 4166, doi:10.129/2001JD001422.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D13 , pp. 4166
    • Li, Q.1
  • 112
    • 0034921244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7Be on wet deposition and trasport in a global three-dimensional chemical transport model driven by assimilated meteorological fields
    • 7Be on wet deposition and trasport in a global three-dimensional chemical transport model driven by assimilated meteorological fields, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 12,109-12,128.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 12109-12128
    • Liu, H.1    Jacob, D.J.2    Bey, I.3    Yantosca, R.M.4
  • 114
    • 0032793880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of ozonesonde data for the troposphere: Recommendations for testing 3D-models and development of a gridded climatology for tropospheric ozone
    • Logan, J. (1999), An analysis of ozonesonde data for the troposphere: Recommendations for testing 3D-models and development of a gridded climatology for tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16,115-16,149.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 16115-16149
    • Logan, J.1
  • 115
    • 0003079274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theoretical estimation of biologically effective UV radiation at the Earth's surface
    • NATO ASI Ser., Ser. I, edited by C. S. Zerefos, and A. F. Bais, Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Madronich, S., and S. Flocke (1997), Theoretical estimation of biologically effective UV radiation at the Earth's surface, in Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: Modeling, Measurements and Effects, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. I, vol. 52, edited by C. S. Zerefos, and A. F. Bais, pp. 23-48, Springer-Verlag, New York.
    • (1997) Solar Ultraviolet Radiation: Modeling, Measurements and Effects , vol.52 , pp. 23-48
    • Madronich, S.1    Flocke, S.2
  • 116
    • 0000210189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 F emissions using an inverse method and chemical transport models with assimilated winds
    • 3 F emissions using an inverse method and chemical transport models with assimilated winds, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,153-28,168.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 28153-28168
    • Mahowald, N.M.1    Prinn, R.G.2    Rasch, P.J.3
  • 119
    • 0011574929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport and scavenging of soluble gases in a deep convective cloud
    • Mari, C., D. J. Jacob, and P. Bechtold (2000), Transport and scavenging of soluble gases in a deep convective cloud, J. Geophys Res., 105, 22,255-22,268.
    • (2000) J. Geophys Res. , vol.105 , pp. 22255-22268
    • Mari, C.1    Jacob, D.J.2    Bechtold, P.3
  • 120
    • 0033788869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric ozone in 3-D models: A simple chemistry and the cross-tropopause flux
    • McLinden, C. A., S. C. Olsen, B. Hannigan, O. Wild, M. J. Prather, and J. Sundet (2000), Stratospheric ozone in 3-D models: A simple chemistry and the cross-tropopause flux, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14,653-14,665.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 14653-14665
    • McLinden, C.A.1    Olsen, S.C.2    Hannigan, B.3    Wild, O.4    Prather, M.J.5    Sundet, J.6
  • 121
    • 0033590326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing from tropospheric ozone calculated with a unified chemistry-climate model
    • Mickley, L. J., P. P. Murti, D. J. Jacob, J. A. Logan, D. M. Koch, and D. Rind (1999), Radiative forcing from tropospheric ozone calculated with a unified chemistry-climate model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30,153-30,172.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 30153-30172
    • Mickley, L.J.1    Murti, P.P.2    Jacob, D.J.3    Logan, J.A.4    Koch, D.M.5    Rind, D.6
  • 122
    • 1642399124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlled substances and other source gases
    • Rep. 47, chap. 1, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva
    • Montzka, S. A., et al. (2003), Controlled substances and other source gases, in Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002, Rep. 47, chap. 1, pp. 1.1-1.71, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva.
    • (2003) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002
    • Montzka, S.A.1
  • 124
    • 0026292248 scopus 로고
    • Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts forecasting system
    • Morcrette, J.-J. (1991), Radiation and cloud radiative properties in the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts forecasting system, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9121-9132.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 9121-9132
    • Morcrette, J.-J.1
  • 126
    • 0026462625 scopus 로고
    • Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases
    • Müller, J.-F. (1992), Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3787-3804.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 3787-3804
    • Müller, J.-F.1
  • 127
    • 17144473777 scopus 로고
    • IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere
    • Müller, J.-F., and G. Brasseur (1995), IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere, J. Geophys, Res., 100, 16,445-16,490.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 16445-16490
    • Müller, J.-F.1    Brasseur, G.2
  • 129
    • 0037092378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future development of the ozone layer calculated by a general circulation model with fully interactive chemistry
    • doi:10.1029/2001GL014026
    • Nagashima, T., M. Takahashi, M. Takigawa, and H. Akiyoshi (2002), Future development of the ozone layer calculated by a general circulation model with fully interactive chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(8), 1162, doi:10.1029/2001GL014026.
    • (2002) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 1162
    • Nagashima, T.1    Takahashi, M.2    Takigawa, M.3    Akiyoshi, H.4
  • 130
    • 0000368442 scopus 로고
    • Solar dynamics and its impact on solar irradiance and the terrestrial climate
    • Nesmes-Ribes, E., E. N. Ferreira, R. Sadourny, H. Le Treut, and Z.-X. Li (1993), Solar dynamics and its impact on solar irradiance and the terrestrial climate, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 18,923-18,935.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 18923-18935
    • Nesmes-Ribes, E.1    Ferreira, E.N.2    Sadourny, R.3    Le Treut, H.4    Li, Z.-X.5
  • 131
    • 0029502776 scopus 로고
    • Global oceanic emissions of nitrous oxide
    • Nevison C. D., and R. F. Weiss (1995), Global oceanic emissions of nitrous oxide, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 15,809-15,820.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 15809-15820
    • Nevison, C.D.1    Weiss, R.F.2
  • 132
    • 0028570752 scopus 로고
    • Reevaluation of the NOAA/CMDL carbon monoxide reference scale and comparisons to CO reference gases at NASA-Langley and the Fraunhofer Institute
    • Novelli, P. C., J. E. Collins Jr., R. C. Myers, G. W. Sachsem, and H. E. Scheel (1994), Reevaluation of the NOAA/CMDL carbon monoxide reference scale and comparisons to CO reference gases at NASA-Langley and the Fraunhofer Institute, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 12,833-12,839.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 12833-12839
    • Novelli, P.C.1    Collins Jr., J.E.2    Myers, R.C.3    Sachsem, G.W.4    Scheel, H.E.5
  • 134
    • 0002557983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global emission sources and sinks
    • edited by J. Berdowski, R. Guicherit, and B. Heij, Swets and Zeitlinter B. V., Lisse, Netherlands
    • Olivier, J. G. J., and J. J. M. Berdowski (2001), Global emission sources and sinks, in The Climate System, edited by J. Berdowski, R. Guicherit, and B. Heij, pp. 33-77, Swets and Zeitlinter B. V., Lisse, Netherlands.
    • (2001) The Climate System , pp. 33-77
    • Olivier, J.G.J.1    Berdowski, J.J.M.2
  • 135
    • 0028257863 scopus 로고
    • Surface ozone measurements from a global network
    • Oltmans, S. J., and H. Levy II (1994), Surface ozone measurements from a global network, Atmos. Environ., 28, 9-24.
    • (1994) Atmos. Environ. , vol.28 , pp. 9-24
    • Oltmans, S.J.1    Levy II, H.2
  • 136
    • 0025992504 scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric nitrogen: A three-dimensional study of sources, distributions, and deposition
    • Penner, J. E., C. S. Atherton, J. Dignon, S. J. Ghan, J. J. Walton, and S. Hameed (1991), Tropospheric nitrogen: A three-dimensional study of sources, distributions, and deposition, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 959-990.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 959-990
    • Penner, J.E.1    Atherton, C.S.2    Dignon, J.3    Ghan, S.J.4    Walton, J.J.5    Hameed, S.6
  • 138
    • 0023468413 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of the global troposphere: Fluorocarbons as trace of air motion
    • Prather, M. J., M. B. McElroy, S. C. Wofsy, G. Russel, and D. Rind (1987), Chemistry of the global troposphere: Fluorocarbons as trace of air motion, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6579-6613.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 6579-6613
    • Prather, M.J.1    McElroy, M.B.2    Wofsy, S.C.3    Russel, G.4    Rind, D.5
  • 139
    • 0001881006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases
    • edited by J. T. Houghton et al., chap. 4, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York
    • Prather, M., et al. (2001), Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases, in Climatic Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, edited by J. T. Houghton et al., chap. 4, pp. 241-290, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2001) Climatic Change 2001: The Scientific Basis , pp. 241-290
    • Prather, M.1
  • 140
    • 0027101680 scopus 로고
    • A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions
    • Price, C., and D. Rind (1992), A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9919-9933.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 9919-9933
    • Price, C.1    Rind, D.2
  • 141
    • 0031455432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x, from lightning: I. Global distribution based on lightning physics
    • x, from lightning: I. Global distribution based on lightning physics, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5929-5941.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 5929-5941
    • Price, C.G.1    Penner, J.2    Prather, M.3
  • 142
    • 0033792292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE
    • Prinn, R. G., et al. (2000), A history of chemically and radiatively important gases in air deduced from ALE/GAGE/AGAGE, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17,751-7,792.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 17751-17792
    • Prinn, R.G.1
  • 143
    • 0035827381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades
    • Prinn, R. G., et al. (2001), Evidence for substantial variations of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals in the past two decades, Science, 292, 1882-1888.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 1882-1888
    • Prinn, R.G.1
  • 144
    • 0002155033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing of climate change
    • edited by J. T. Houghton, et al., chap. 6, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York
    • Ramaswamy, V., et al. (2001), Radiative forcing of climate change, in Climatic Change 2001: The Scientific Basis, edited by J. T. Houghton, et al., chap. 6, pp. 351-418, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
    • (2001) Climatic Change 2001: The Scientific Basis , pp. 351-418
    • Ramaswamy, V.1
  • 145
    • 0033784823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalyses
    • Randel, W. J., F. Wu, and D. Gaffen (2000), Interannual variability of the tropical tropopause derived from radiosonde data and NCEP reanalyses, J. Geophys. Res, 105, 15,509-15,523.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res , vol.105 , pp. 15509-15523
    • Randel, W.J.1    Wu, F.2    Gaffen, D.3
  • 146
    • 0029473435 scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional general circulation model with coupled chemistry for the middle atmosphere
    • Rasch, P. J., B. A. Boville, and G. P. Brasseur (1995), A three-dimensional general circulation model with coupled chemistry for the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9041-9071.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 9041-9071
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Boville, B.A.2    Brasseur, G.P.3
  • 147
    • 0033788039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A description of the global sulfur cycle and its controlling processes in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3
    • Rasch, P. J., M. C. Barth, J. T. Kiehl, S. E. Schwartz, and C. Benkovitz (2000), A description of the global sulfur cycle and its controlling processes in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model, version 3, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 1367-1385.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 1367-1385
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Barth, M.C.2    Kiehl, J.T.3    Schwartz, S.E.4    Benkovitz, C.5
  • 151
    • 0030460587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of on-line tracers as diagnostic tool in general circulation model development: 1. Horizontal and vertical transport in the troposphere
    • Rind, D., and J. Lerner (1996), Use of on-line tracers as diagnostic tool in general circulation model development: 1. Horizontal and vertical transport in the troposphere, J. Res., 101, 12,667-12,683.
    • (1996) J. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 12667-12683
    • Rind, D.1    Lerner, J.2
  • 152
    • 0037108253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global distribution of acidifying wet deposition
    • Rodhe, H., F. Dentener, and M. Schulz (2002), The global distribution of acidifying wet deposition, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 4382-4388.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol. , vol.36 , pp. 4382-4388
    • Rodhe, H.1    Dentener, F.2    Schulz, M.3
  • 153
    • 0029520275 scopus 로고
    • 3 in the troposphere calculated with a chemistry general circulation model
    • 3 in the troposphere calculated with a chemistry general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,983-20,998.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 20983-20998
    • Roelofs, G.-J.1    Lelieveld, J.2
  • 155
    • 0031719880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of global sulfate distribution and the influence on effective cloud drop radii with a coupled photochemistry cycle model
    • Ser. B
    • Roelofs, G. J., J. Lelieveld, and L. Ganzeveld (1998), Simulation of global sulfate distribution and the influence on effective cloud drop radii with a coupled photochemistry cycle model, Tellus, Ser. B, 50, 224-242.
    • (1998) Tellus , vol.50 , pp. 224-242
    • Roelofs, G.J.1    Lelieveld, J.2    Ganzeveld, L.3
  • 156
    • 0021564209 scopus 로고
    • January and July performance of the LMD general circulation model
    • edited by A. Berger and C. Nicolis, Elsevier Sci., New York
    • Sadourny, R., and K. Laval (1984), January and July performance of the LMD general circulation model, in New Perspectives in Climate Modelling, edited by A. Berger and C. Nicolis, pp. 173-198, Elsevier Sci., New York.
    • (1984) New Perspectives in Climate Modelling , pp. 173-198
    • Sadourny, R.1    Laval, K.2
  • 159
    • 0042011314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of global hydrogen levels using a Lagrangian three-dimensional model
    • Sanderson, M. G., W. J. Collins, R. G. Derwent, and C. E. Johnson (2003), Simulation of global hydrogen levels using a Lagrangian three-dimensional model, J. Atmos. Chem., 46, 15-28.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Chem. , vol.46 , pp. 15-28
    • Sanderson, M.G.1    Collins, W.J.2    Derwent, R.G.3    Johnson, C.E.4
  • 160
    • 2642545438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benchmarking stiff ODE solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems. II: Rosenbrock solvers
    • Univ. of Iowa, Ames
    • Sandu, A., J. G. Verwer, J. G. Blom, I., J. Spee, and G. R. Carmichael (1996), Benchmarking stiff ODE solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems. II: Rosenbrock solvers, Rep. Comput. Math. 90/1996, Univ. of Iowa, Ames.
    • (1996) Rep. Comput. Math. 90/1996
    • Sandu, A.1    Verwer, J.G.2    Blom, J.G.3    Spee, I.J.4    Carmichael, G.R.5
  • 163
    • 0032499232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased polar stratospheric ozone losses and delayed eventual recovery owing to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations
    • Shindell, D. T., D. Rind, and P. Lonergan (1998), Increased polar stratospheric ozone losses and delayed eventual recovery owing to increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations, Nature, 392, 589-592.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.392 , pp. 589-592
    • Shindell, D.T.1    Rind, D.2    Lonergan, P.3
  • 164
    • 0034949960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry-climate interactions in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model: 1. Tropospheric chemistry model description and evaluation
    • Shindell, D. T., J. L. Grenfell, D. Rind, V. Grewe, and C. Price (2001), Chemistry-climate interactions in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model: 1. Tropospheric chemistry model description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8047-8075.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 8047-8075
    • Shindell, D.T.1    Grenfell, J.L.2    Rind, D.3    Grewe, V.4    Price, C.5
  • 165
    • 0029749958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of climate forcings due to chlorofluorocarbons and carbon monoxide
    • Sinha, A., and R. Toumi (1996), A comparison of climate forcings due to chlorofluorocarbons and carbon monoxide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 65-68.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 65-68
    • Sinha, A.1    Toumi, R.2
  • 167
    • 0033792891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional climatological distribution of tropospheric OH: Update and evaluation
    • Spivakovsky, C. M., et al. (2000), Three-dimensional climatological distribution of tropospheric OH: Update and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 8931-8980.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 8931-8980
    • Spivakovsky, C.M.1
  • 168
    • 0007712046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a chemistry module for GCMs: First results of a multiannual integration
    • Steil, B., M. Dameris, C. Bruhl, P. J. Crutzen, V. Grewe, M. Ponater, and R. Sausen (1998), Development of a chemistry module for GCMs: First results of a multiannual integration, Ann. Geophys., 16, 205-228.
    • (1998) Ann. Geophys. , vol.16 , pp. 205-228
    • Steil, B.1    Dameris, M.2    Bruhl, C.3    Crutzen, P.J.4    Grewe, V.5    Ponater, M.6    Sausen, R.7
  • 170
    • 0034352758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future estimates of tropospheric ozone radiative forcing and methane turnover: The impact of climate change
    • Stevenson, D. S., C. E. Johnson, W. J. Collins, R. G. Derwent, and J. M. Edwards (2000), Future estimates of tropospheric ozone radiative forcing and methane turnover: The impact of climate change, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 2073-2076.
    • (2000) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.27 , pp. 2073-2076
    • Stevenson, D.S.1    Johnson, C.E.2    Collins, W.J.3    Derwent, R.G.4    Edwards, J.M.5
  • 171
    • 0036305250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the atmospheric transport model NIRE-CTM-96 by using measured radon-222 concentrations
    • Ser. B
    • Taguchi, S., T. Iida, and J. Moriizumi (2002), Evaluation of the atmospheric transport model NIRE-CTM-96 by using measured radon-222 concentrations, Tellus, Ser. B, 54, 2050-2068.
    • (2002) Tellus , vol.54 , pp. 2050-2068
    • Taguchi, S.1    Iida, T.2    Moriizumi, J.3
  • 172
    • 0037662417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of natural and anthropogenic contributions to twentieth century temperature change
    • doi:10.1029/2000JD000028
    • Tett, S. F. B., et al. (2002), Estimation of natural and anthropogenic contributions to twentieth century temperature change, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D16), 4306, doi:10.1029/2000JD000028.
    • (2002) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.107 , Issue.D16 , pp. 4306
    • Tett, S.F.B.1
  • 173
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke, M. (1989), A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1779-1800.
    • (1989) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 174
    • 49449129017 scopus 로고
    • Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme. Part IV: A new approach to numerical convection
    • Van Leer, B. (1977), Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme. Part IV: A new approach to numerical convection, J. Comput. Phys., 23, 276-299.
    • (1977) J. Comput. Phys. , vol.23 , pp. 276-299
    • Van Leer, B.1
  • 175
    • 0029663035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping wet deposition of acidifying components and base cations over Europe using measurements
    • van Leeuwen, E. P., G. P. J. Draaijers, and J. W. Erisman (1996), Mapping wet deposition of acidifying components and base cations over Europe using measurements, Atmos. Environ., 30, 2495-2511.
    • (1996) Atmos. Environ. , vol.30 , pp. 2495-2511
    • van Leeuwen, E.P.1    Draaijers, G.P.J.2    Erisman, J.W.3
  • 176
    • 2642537352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the chemical effects of ship exhaust in the cloud-free marine boundary layer
    • von Glasow, R., M. G. Lawrence, R. Sander, and P. J. Crutzen (2002), Modeling the chemical effects of ship exhaust in the cloud-free marine boundary layer, Atoms. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 2, 525-575.
    • (2002) Atoms. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.2 , pp. 525-575
    • von Glasow, R.1    Lawrence, M.G.2    Sander, R.3    Crutzen, P.J.4
  • 179
    • 0034114761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling terrestrial biogenic isoprene fluxes and their potential impact on global chemical species using a coupled LSM-CTM model
    • Wang, K.-Y., and D. E. Shallcross (2000), Modelling terrestrial biogenic isoprene fluxes and their potential impact on global chemical species using a coupled LSM-CTM model, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2909-2925.
    • (2000) Atmos. Environ. , vol.34 , pp. 2909-2925
    • Wang, K.-Y.1    Shallcross, D.E.2
  • 180
    • 0032553895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times
    • Wang, Y., and D. J. Jacob (1998), Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,123-31,135.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 31123-31135
    • Wang, Y.1    Jacob, D.J.2
  • 182
    • 0031431478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional simulations of long-lived tracers using winds from MACCM2
    • Waugh, D. W., et al. (1997), Three-dimensional simulations of long-lived tracers using winds from MACCM2, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21,493-21,513.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 21493-21513
    • Waugh, D.W.1
  • 183
    • 0020969603 scopus 로고
    • Large-scale atmospheric mixing derived from meridional profiles of krypton 85
    • Weiss, W., A. Sittkus, H. Stockburger, and H. Sartorius (1983), Large-scale atmospheric mixing derived from meridional profiles of krypton 85, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 8574-8578.
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 8574-8578
    • Weiss, W.1    Sittkus, A.2    Stockburger, H.3    Sartorius, H.4
  • 184
    • 0024472311 scopus 로고
    • Parametrization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models
    • Wesely, M. L. (1989), Parametrization of surface resistances to gaseous dry deposition in regional-scale numerical models, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1293-1304.
    • (1989) Atmos. Environ. , vol.23 , pp. 1293-1304
    • Wesely, M.L.1
  • 185
    • 0004157324 scopus 로고
    • World Meteorological Organization (WMO) WMO Publ. 182, 2nd ed., Geneva
    • World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (1992), International Meteorological Vocabulary, WMO Publ. 182, 2nd ed., Geneva.
    • (1992) International Meteorological Vocabulary
  • 186
    • 0029105050 scopus 로고
    • Empirical model of global soil-biogenic NOx emissions
    • Yienger, J. J., and H. Levy II (1995), Empirical model of global soil-biogenic NOx emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 11,447-11,464.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 11447-11464
    • Yienger, J.J.1    Levy II, H.2
  • 187
    • 0141650393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in tropospheric ozone between 2000 and 2100 modeled in a chemistry-climate model
    • doi:10.1029/2002GL016708
    • Zeng, G., and J. A. Pyle (2003), Changes in tropospheric ozone between 2000 and 2100 modeled in a chemistry-climate model, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(7), 1392, doi:10.1029/2002GL016708.
    • (2003) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 1392
    • Zeng, G.1    Pyle, J.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.