메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue D3, 2000, Pages 3531-3551

What controls tropospheric ozone?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0033792887     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/1999JD901011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (529)

References (110)
  • 1
    • 0029750397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-range transport of ozone in the East Asian Pacific rim region
    • Akimoto, H., et al., Long-range transport of ozone in the East Asian Pacific rim region, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1999-2010, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 1999-2010
    • Akimoto, H.1
  • 2
    • 0007650691 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ozone in human studies
    • edited by J. O. Nriagu and M. S. Simmons, John Wiley, New York
    • Alexis, N., S. M. Tarlo, and F. Silverman, Effects of ozone in human studies, in Environmental Oxidants, edited by J. O. Nriagu and M. S. Simmons, pp. 319-350, John Wiley, New York, 1994.
    • (1994) Environmental Oxidants , pp. 319-350
    • Alexis, N.1    Tarlo, S.M.2    Silverman, F.3
  • 3
    • 0029635933 scopus 로고
    • Integrated assessment of emission control scenarios, including the impact of tropospheric ozone
    • Amann, M., M. Baldi, C. Heynes, Z. Klimont, and W. Schöpp, Integrated assessment of emission control scenarios, including the impact of tropospheric ozone, Water Air Soil Pollut., 85, 2595-2600, 1995.
    • (1995) Water Air Soil Pollut. , vol.85 , pp. 2595-2600
    • Amann, M.1    Baldi, M.2    Heynes, C.3    Klimont, Z.4    Schöpp, W.5
  • 4
    • 0031426149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracer lamination in the stratosphere: A global climatology
    • Appenzeller, C., and J. R. Holton, Tracer lamination in the stratosphere: A global climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,555-13,569, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Appenzeller, C.1    Holton, J.R.2
  • 5
    • 0030428332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause
    • Appenzeller, C., J. R. Holton, and K. H. Rosenlof, Seasonal variation of mass transport across the tropopause, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 15,071-15,078, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Appenzeller, C.1    Holton, J.R.2    Rosenlof, K.H.3
  • 6
    • 0031413325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere, 1, Model description and CO and ozone results
    • Berntsen, T. K., and I. S. A. Isaksen, A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere, 1, Model description and CO and ozone results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21,239-21,280, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Berntsen, T.K.1    Isaksen, I.S.A.2
  • 8
    • 84977286530 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere
    • Brewer, A. W., Evidence of a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 351-363, 1949.
    • (1949) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.75 , pp. 351-363
    • Brewer, A.W.1
  • 10
    • 0001116539 scopus 로고
    • A time-dependent photochemical model for ozone near the ground
    • Chameides, W. L., and J. C. G. Walker, A time-dependent photochemical model for ozone near the ground, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 413-420, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.81 , pp. 413-420
    • Chameides, W.L.1    Walker, J.C.G.2
  • 11
    • 0026450834 scopus 로고
    • Ozone precursor relationships in the ambient atmosphere
    • Chameides, W. L., et al., Ozone precursor relationships in the ambient atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 6037-6055, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 6037-6055
    • Chameides, W.L.1
  • 12
    • 0028172431 scopus 로고
    • Growth of continental-scale metro-agro-plexes, regional ozone pollution, and world food production
    • Chameides, W. L., P. S. Kasibhatla, J. Yienger, J. Richardson, and C. S. Kiang, Growth of continental-scale metro-agro-plexes, regional ozone pollution, and world food production, Science, 264, 74-76, 1994.
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 74-76
    • Chameides, W.L.1    Kasibhatla, P.S.2    Yienger, J.3    Richardson, J.4    Kiang, C.S.5
  • 13
    • 0001921327 scopus 로고
    • Propagation of planetary-scale disturbances from the lower into the upper atmosphere
    • Charney, J. G., and P. G. Drazin, Propagation of planetary-scale disturbances from the lower into the upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 83-103, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.66 , pp. 83-103
    • Charney, J.G.1    Drazin, P.G.2
  • 14
    • 0001054453 scopus 로고
    • Ozone in the remote troposphere, mixing versus photochemistry
    • Chatfield, R., and H. Harrison, Ozone in the remote troposphere, mixing versus photochemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 81, 421-423, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.81 , pp. 421-423
    • Chatfield, R.1    Harrison, H.2
  • 15
    • 34250430690 scopus 로고
    • A discussion of the chemistry of some minor constituents in the stratosphere and troposphere
    • Crutzen, P. J., A discussion of the chemistry of some minor constituents in the stratosphere and troposphere, Pure Appl. Geophys., 106-108, 1385-1399, 1973.
    • (1973) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.106-108 , pp. 1385-1399
    • Crutzen, P.J.1
  • 16
    • 0002339965 scopus 로고
    • Photochemical reactions initiated by and influencing ozone in unpolluted tropospheric air
    • Crutzen, P. J., Photochemical reactions initiated by and influencing ozone in unpolluted tropospheric air, Tellus, 26, 47-57, 1974.
    • (1974) Tellus , vol.26 , pp. 47-57
    • Crutzen, P.J.1
  • 17
    • 0002147778 scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric ozone: A review
    • edited by I. S. A. Isaksen, D. Reidel., Nonvell-Mass.
    • Crutzen, P. J., Tropospheric ozone: A review, in Tropospheric Ozone: Regional and Global Scale Interactions, edited by I. S. A. Isaksen, pp. 3-32, D. Reidel., Nonvell-Mass., 1988.
    • (1988) Tropospheric Ozone: Regional and Global Scale Interactions , pp. 3-32
    • Crutzen, P.J.1
  • 18
    • 0026268764 scopus 로고
    • The changing chemistry of the troposphere
    • Crutzen, P. J., and P. H. Zimmermann, The changing chemistry of the troposphere, Tellus, Ser. AB, 43, 136-151, 1991.
    • (1991) Tellus, Ser. AB , vol.43 , pp. 136-151
    • Crutzen, P.J.1    Zimmermann, P.H.2
  • 19
    • 0006225299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the background photochemistry of tropospheric ozone
    • Crutzen, P. J., M. Lawrence, and U. Pöschl, On the background photochemistry of tropospheric ozone, Tellus, Ser. AB, 51, 123-146, 1999.
    • (1999) Tellus, Ser. AB , vol.51 , pp. 123-146
    • Crutzen, P.J.1    Lawrence, M.2    Pöschl, U.3
  • 20
    • 0000232508 scopus 로고
    • Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange based on radioactivity, ozone and potential vorticity
    • Danielsen, E. F., Stratospheric-tropospheric exchange based on radioactivity, ozone and potential vorticity, J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 502-518, 1968.
    • (1968) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 502-518
    • Danielsen, E.F.1
  • 21
    • 0028315754 scopus 로고
    • Episodes of high ozone concentrations at the Earth's surface resulting from transport down from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere: A review and case studies
    • Davies, T. D., and E. Schuepbach, Episodes of high ozone concentrations at the Earth's surface resulting from transport down from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere: A review and case studies, Atmos. Environ., 28, 53-68, 1994.
    • (1994) Atmos. Environ. , vol.28 , pp. 53-68
    • Davies, T.D.1    Schuepbach, E.2
  • 22
    • 0022210023 scopus 로고
    • Photochemically produced ozone in the emissions of large-scale tropical vegetation fires
    • Delany, A. C., P. Haagenson, S. Walters, A. F. Wartburg, and P. J. Crutzen, Photochemically produced ozone in the emissions of large-scale tropical vegetation fires, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 2425-2429, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 2425-2429
    • Delany, A.C.1    Haagenson, P.2    Walters, S.3    Wartburg, A.F.4    Crutzen, P.J.5
  • 24
    • 0032716605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 222 using on-line and off-line global models at different horizontal resolutions: A detailed comparison with measurements
    • 222 using on-line and off-line global models at different horizontal resolutions: A detailed comparison with measurements, Tellus, Ser. B, 51, 573-602, 1999.
    • (1999) Tellus, Ser. B , vol.51 , pp. 573-602
    • Dentener, F.J.1    Feichter, J.2    Jeuken, A.3
  • 26
    • 0030435574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical ozone distribution over southern Africa and adjacent oceans during SAFARI-92
    • Diab, R. D., et al., Vertical ozone distribution over southern Africa and adjacent oceans during SAFARI-92, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23,823-23,833, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Diab, R.D.1
  • 27
    • 0000678938 scopus 로고
    • Origin and distribution of polyatomic molecules in the atmosphere
    • Dobson, G. B. M., Origin and distribution of polyatomic molecules in the atmosphere, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A., 236, 187-193, 1956.
    • (1956) Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A. , vol.236 , pp. 187-193
    • Dobson, G.B.M.1
  • 28
    • 0007705552 scopus 로고
    • Photochemistry of atmospheric ozone
    • Dütsch, H. U., Photochemistry of atmospheric ozone, Adv. Geophys., 15, 219-322, 1971.
    • (1971) Adv. Geophys. , vol.15 , pp. 219-322
    • Dütsch, H.U.1
  • 29
    • 0031259708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep stratospheric intrusions: A statistical assessment with model guided analysis
    • Elbern, H., J. Kowol, R. Sladkovic, and A. Ebel, Deep stratospheric intrusions: A statistical assessment with model guided analysis, Atmos. Environ., 31, 3207-3226, 1997.
    • (1997) Atmos. Environ. , vol.31 , pp. 3207-3226
    • Elbern, H.1    Kowol, J.2    Sladkovic, R.3    Ebel, A.4
  • 30
    • 1542574214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric methane between 1000 A.D. and present: Evidence of anthropogenic emissions and climate variability
    • Etheridge, D. M., L. P. Steele, R. J. Francey, and R. L. Langenfels, Atmospheric methane between 1000 A.D. and present: Evidence of anthropogenic emissions and climate variability, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 15,979-15,993, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Etheridge, D.M.1    Steele, L.P.2    Francey, R.J.3    Langenfels, R.L.4
  • 31
    • 0017492730 scopus 로고
    • Meridional distribution of ozone in the troposphere and its seasonal variations
    • Fabian, P., and P. G. Pruchniewicz, Meridional distribution of ozone in the troposphere and its seasonal variations, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 2063-2073, 1977.
    • (1977) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 2063-2073
    • Fabian, P.1    Pruchniewicz, P.G.2
  • 33
    • 0031811720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in ground level ozone over the contisuous United States, 1980-1995
    • Fiore, A. M., D. J. Jacob, J. A. Logan, and Y. H. Yin, Long-term trends in ground level ozone over the contisuous United States, 1980-1995, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1471-1480, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 1471-1480
    • Fiore, A.M.1    Jacob, D.J.2    Logan, J.A.3    Yin, Y.H.4
  • 34
    • 0018663747 scopus 로고
    • Observational and theoretical evidence in support of a significant in-situ photochemical source of tropospheric ozone
    • Fishman, J., S. Solomon, and P. J. Crutzen, Observational and theoretical evidence in support of a significant in-situ photochemical source of tropospheric ozone, Tellus, 31, 432-446, 1979.
    • (1979) Tellus , vol.31 , pp. 432-446
    • Fishman, J.1    Solomon, S.2    Crutzen, P.J.3
  • 35
    • 0025657974 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of tropospheric ozone determined from satellite data
    • Fishman, J., C. E. Watson, J. C. Larson, and J. A. Logan, Distribution of tropospheric ozone determined from satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 3599-3617, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 3599-3617
    • Fishman, J.1    Watson, C.E.2    Larson, J.C.3    Logan, J.A.4
  • 36
    • 0027062580 scopus 로고
    • A zonal average model of the stratospheric contributions to the tropospheric ozone budget
    • Follows, M. J., and J. F. Austin, A zonal average model of the stratospheric contributions to the tropospheric ozone budget, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 18,047-18,060, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97
    • Follows, M.J.1    Austin, J.F.2
  • 37
    • 17144448103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ozone climatology based on ozone sonde and satellite measurements
    • Fortuin, P., and H. Kelder, An ozone climatology based on ozone sonde and satellite measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,709-31,734, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Fortuin, P.1    Kelder, H.2
  • 38
    • 0000211309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dry deposition parameterization for sulfur oxides in a chemistry and general circulation model
    • Ganzeveld, L. N., G.-J. Roelofs, and J. Lelieveld, A dry deposition parameterization for sulfur oxides in a chemistry and general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 5679-5694, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 5679-5694
    • Ganzeveld, L.N.1    Roelofs, G.-J.2    Lelieveld, J.3
  • 40
    • 0002470858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ECMWF re-analysis (ERA) project
    • Gibson, R., P. Kallberg, and S. Uppsala, The ECMWF re-analysis (ERA) project, ECMWF Newsl., 73, 7-11, 1997.
    • (1997) ECMWF Newsl. , vol.73 , pp. 7-11
    • Gibson, R.1    Kallberg, P.2    Uppsala, S.3
  • 42
    • 0029412344 scopus 로고
    • A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions
    • Guenter, A., et al., A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8873-8892, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 8873-8892
    • Guenter, A.1
  • 43
    • 0000034191 scopus 로고
    • Ozone formation in photochemical oxidation of organical substances
    • Haagen-Smit, A. J., and M. M. Fox, Ozone formation in photochemical oxidation of organical substances, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 48, 1484-1487, 1956.
    • (1956) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 1484-1487
    • Haagen-Smit, A.J.1    Fox, M.M.2
  • 44
    • 0030206979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice core data of atmospheric carbon monoxide over Antarctica and Greenland during the last 200 years
    • Haan, D., P. Martinerie, and D. Raynaud, Ice core data of atmospheric carbon monoxide over Antarctica and Greenland during the last 200 years, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2235-2238, 1996.
    • (1996) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 2235-2238
    • Haan, D.1    Martinerie, P.2    Raynaud, D.3
  • 46
    • 0028192919 scopus 로고
    • The importance of atmospheric chemistry in the calculation of radiative forcing on the climate system
    • Hauglustaine, D. A., C. Granier, G. P. Brasseur, and G. Mégie, The importance of atmospheric chemistry in the calculation of radiative forcing on the climate system, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1173-1186, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 1173-1186
    • Hauglustaine, D.A.1    Granier, C.2    Brasseur, G.P.3    Mégie, G.4
  • 48
    • 0026295396 scopus 로고
    • On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces
    • Haynes, P. H., C. J. Marks, M. E. McIntyre, T. G. Shepherd, and K. P. Shine, On the "downward control" of extratropical diabatic circulations by eddy-induced mean zonal forces, J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 651-687, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 651-687
    • Haynes, P.H.1    Marks, C.J.2    McIntyre, M.E.3    Shepherd, T.G.4    Shine, K.P.5
  • 49
    • 0032572637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimates of radiative forcing due to modeled increases in tropospheric ozone
    • Haywood, J. M., M. D. Schwartzkopf, and V. Ramaswamy, Estimates of radiative forcing due to modeled increases in tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,999-17,007, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Haywood, J.M.1    Schwartzkopf, M.D.2    Ramaswamy, V.3
  • 50
    • 0027333055 scopus 로고
    • Test of two numerical schemes for use in atmospheric transport-chemistry models
    • Hertel, O., R. Berkowicz, J. Christensen, and Ø. Hov, Test of two numerical schemes for use in atmospheric transport-chemistry models, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 27, 2591-2611, 1993.
    • (1993) Atmos. Environ., Part A , vol.27 , pp. 2591-2611
    • Hertel, O.1    Berkowicz, R.2    Christensen, J.3    Hov, Ø.4
  • 51
    • 0030411304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical biomass burning: Late 19th century pioneer agriculture revolution in Northern Hemisphere ice core data and its atmospheric interpretation
    • Holdsworth, G., K. Higuchi, G. A. Zielinski, P. A. Mayewski, M. Wahlen, B. Deck, P. Chylek, B. Johnson, and P. Damiano, Historical biomass burning: Late 19th century pioneer agriculture revolution in Northern Hemisphere ice core data and its atmospheric interpretation, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23,317-23,334, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Holdsworth, G.1    Higuchi, K.2    Zielinski, G.A.3    Mayewski, P.A.4    Wahlen, M.5    Deck, B.6    Chylek, P.7    Johnson, B.8    Damiano, P.9
  • 53
    • 0004862558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds on tropospheric photochemistry
    • Houweling, S., F. J. Dentener, and J. Lelieveld, The impact of nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds on tropospheric photochemistry, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10,673-10,696, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Houweling, S.1    Dentener, F.J.2    Lelieveld, J.3
  • 54
    • 0024878151 scopus 로고
    • Surface ozone: Trend details, seasonal variations, and interpretation
    • Janach, W. E., Surface ozone: Trend details, seasonal variations, and interpretation, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18,289-18,295, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94
    • Janach, W.E.1
  • 56
    • 0032552683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane photooxidation in the atmosphere: Contrast between two methods of analysis
    • Johnston, H., and D. Kinnison, Methane photooxidation in the atmosphere: Contrast between two methods of analysis, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 21,967-21,984, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Johnston, H.1    Kinnison, D.2
  • 58
    • 0000471933 scopus 로고
    • Global ozone budget and exchange between stratosphere and troposphere
    • Junge, C. E., Global ozone budget and exchange between stratosphere and troposphere, Tellus, 14, 363-377, 1962.
    • (1962) Tellus , vol.14 , pp. 363-377
    • Junge, C.E.1
  • 59
    • 0033585543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Model study of a stratospheric intrusion event at lower midlatitudes associated with the development of a cut-off low
    • Kentarchos, A. S., G.-J. Roelofs, and J. Lelieveld, Model study of a stratospheric intrusion event at lower midlatitudes associated with the development of a cut-off low, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 1717-1727, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 1717-1727
    • Kentarchos, A.S.1    Roelofs, G.-J.2    Lelieveld, J.3
  • 60
    • 0028268793 scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric ozone at elevated sites and precursor emissions in the United States and Europe
    • Kley, D., H. Geiss, and V. A. Mohnen, Tropospheric ozone at elevated sites and precursor emissions in the United States and Europe, Atmos. Environ., 28, 149-158, 1994.
    • (1994) Atmos. Environ. , vol.28 , pp. 149-158
    • Kley, D.1    Geiss, H.2    Mohnen, V.A.3
  • 61
    • 0031128643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implication of variation of photodissociation rates for global atmospheric chemistry
    • Krol, M., and M. van Weele, Implication of variation of photodissociation rates for global atmospheric chemistry, Atmos. Environ., 31, 1257-1273, 1997.
    • (1997) Atmos. Environ. , vol.31 , pp. 1257-1273
    • Krol, M.1    Van Weele, M.2
  • 62
    • 0031806673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient method for online calculations of photolysis and heating rates
    • Landgraf, J., and P. J. Crutzen, An efficient method for online calculations of photolysis and heating rates, J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 863-878, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 863-878
    • Landgraf, J.1    Crutzen, P.J.2
  • 64
    • 0001160758 scopus 로고
    • Model simulations of ozone chemistry changes in the troposphere and consequent radiative forcings of climate during industrialization
    • edited by W.-C. Wang and I. S. A. Isaksen, Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Lelieveld, J., and R. van Dorland, Model simulations of ozone chemistry changes in the troposphere and consequent radiative forcings of climate during industrialization, in Atmospheric Ozone As a Climate Gas, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. 1, vol. 32, edited by W.-C. Wang and I. S. A. Isaksen, pp. 227-258, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995.
    • (1995) Atmospheric Ozone As a Climate Gas, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. 1 , vol.32 , pp. 227-258
    • Lelieveld, J.1    Van Dorland, R.2
  • 66
    • 0031749688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane
    • Lelieveld, J., P. J. Crutzen, and F. J. Dentener, Changing concentration, lifetime and climate forcing of atmospheric methane, Tellus, Ser. B, 50, 128-150, 1998.
    • (1998) Tellus, Ser. B , vol.50 , pp. 128-150
    • Lelieveld, J.1    Crutzen, P.J.2    Dentener, F.J.3
  • 68
    • 37049251642 scopus 로고
    • Normal atmosphere: Large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted
    • Levy, H., II, Normal atmosphere: Large radical and formaldehyde concentrations predicted, Science, 173, 141-143, 1971.
    • (1971) Science , vol.173 , pp. 141-143
    • Levy II, H.1
  • 71
    • 0022172503 scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence
    • Logan, J. A., Tropospheric ozone: Seasonal behavior, trends, and anthropogenic influence, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 10,463-10,482, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90
    • Logan, J.A.1
  • 72
    • 0028596791 scopus 로고
    • Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone: An analysis of ozone sonde data
    • Logan, J. A., Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone: An analysis of ozone sonde data, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25,553-25,585, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99
    • Logan, J.A.1
  • 73
    • 0026487766 scopus 로고
    • Long-term tropospheric and lower stratospheric ozone variations from ozone sonde observations
    • London, J., and S. C. Liu, Long-term tropospheric and lower stratospheric ozone variations from ozone sonde observations, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 5, 599-625, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.5 , pp. 599-625
    • London, J.1    Liu, S.C.2
  • 74
    • 12144258318 scopus 로고
    • A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere
    • Louis, J. F., A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere, Boundary Layer Meteorol., 17, 187-202, 1979.
    • (1979) Boundary Layer Meteorol. , vol.17 , pp. 187-202
    • Louis, J.F.1
  • 75
    • 0007615735 scopus 로고
    • Long-term dependence of surface fallout fluctuations upon tropopause-level cyclogenesis
    • Mahlman, J. D., Long-term dependence of surface fallout fluctuations upon tropopause-level cyclogenesis, Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol, Ser. A, 18, 299-311, 1969.
    • (1969) Arch. Meteorol. Geophys. Bioklimatol, Ser. A , vol.18 , pp. 299-311
    • Mahlman, J.D.1
  • 76
    • 0033785791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Photochemistry of the African troposphere: The influence of biomass burning emissions
    • in press
    • Marufu, L., F. J. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, M. O. Andreae, and G. Helas, Photochemistry of the African troposphere: The influence of biomass burning emissions, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res.
    • Marufu, L.1    Dentener, F.J.2    Lelieveld, J.3    Andreae, M.O.4    Helas, G.5
  • 78
    • 17144473777 scopus 로고
    • IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere
    • Müller, J.-F., and G. P. Brasseur, IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,445-16,490, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Müller, J.-F.1    Brasseur, G.P.2
  • 81
    • 0028257863 scopus 로고
    • Surface ozone measurements from a global network
    • Oltmans, S. J., and H. Levy II, Surface ozone measurements from a global network, Atmos. Environ., 28, 9-24, 1994.
    • (1994) Atmos. Environ. , vol.28 , pp. 9-24
    • Oltmans, S.J.1    Levy II, H.2
  • 82
    • 0030435552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric ozone during Mauna Loa Observatory Experiment 2 compared to long-term measurements from surface and ozone sonde observations
    • Oltmans, S. J., D. J. Hofmann, J. A. Lathrop, J. M. Harris, W. D. Komhyr, and D. Kuniyuki, Tropospheric ozone during Mauna Loa Observatory Experiment 2 compared to long-term measurements from surface and ozone sonde observations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,569-14,580, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Oltmans, S.J.1    Hofmann, D.J.2    Lathrop, J.A.3    Harris, J.M.4    Komhyr, W.D.5    Kuniyuki, D.6
  • 83
    • 0031696289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends of ozone in the troposphere
    • Oltmans, S. J., et al., Trends of ozone in the troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 139-142, 1998.
    • (1998) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.25 , pp. 139-142
    • Oltmans, S.J.1
  • 84
    • 0022831831 scopus 로고
    • The spring maximum of photo-oxidants in the Northern Hemisphere troposphere
    • Penkett, S. A., and K. A. Brice, The spring maximum of photo-oxidants in the Northern Hemisphere troposphere, Nature, 319, 655-657, 1986.
    • (1986) Nature , vol.319 , pp. 655-657
    • Penkett, S.A.1    Brice, K.A.2
  • 85
    • 0032551068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of calculated and measured peroxide data collected in marine air to investigate prominent features of the annual cycle of ozone in the troposphere
    • Penkett, S. A., C. E. Reeves, B. J. Bandy, J. M. Kent, and H. R. Richer, Comparison of calculated and measured peroxide data collected in marine air to investigate prominent features of the annual cycle of ozone in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,377-13,388, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Penkett, S.A.1    Reeves, C.E.2    Bandy, B.J.3    Kent, J.M.4    Richer, H.R.5
  • 86
    • 0030357366 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convective transport of biomass burning emissions over Brazil during TRACE-A
    • Pickering, K. E., et al., Convective transport of biomass burning emissions over Brazil during TRACE-A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23,993-24,012, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Pickering, K.E.1
  • 87
    • 0001098180 scopus 로고
    • A study of a characteristic type of upper-level frontogenesis
    • Reed, R. J., A study of a characteristic type of upper-level frontogenesis, J. Meteorol., 12, 226-237, 1955.
    • (1955) J. Meteorol. , vol.12 , pp. 226-237
    • Reed, R.J.1
  • 88
    • 0000555898 scopus 로고
    • Vertical flux of atmospheric ozone
    • Regener, V. H., Vertical flux of atmospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 62, 221-228, 1957.
    • (1957) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.62 , pp. 221-228
    • Regener, V.H.1
  • 89
    • 0016536890 scopus 로고
    • Stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes
    • Reiter, E. R., Stratosphere-troposphere exchange processes, Rev. Geophys., 13, 459-474, 1975.
    • (1975) Rev. Geophys. , vol.13 , pp. 459-474
    • Reiter, E.R.1
  • 90
    • 0026290574 scopus 로고
    • On the mean daily and seasonal variations of the vertical ozone profiles in the lower troposphere
    • Reiter, E. R., On the mean daily and seasonal variations of the vertical ozone profiles in the lower troposphere, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 25, 1751-1757, 1991.
    • (1991) Atmos. Environ., Part A , vol.25 , pp. 1751-1757
    • Reiter, E.R.1
  • 91
    • 0029520275 scopus 로고
    • 3 in the troposphere calculated with a chemistry-general circulation model
    • 3 in the troposphere calculated with a chemistry-general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,983-20,998, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Roelofs, G.-J.1    Lelieveld, J.2
  • 93
    • 3643116725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional chemistry/general circulation model simulation of anthropogenically derived ozone in the troposphere and its radiative climate forcing
    • Roelofs, G.-J., J. Lelieveld, and R. van Dorland, A three-dimensional chemistry/general circulation model simulation of anthropogenically derived ozone in the troposphere and its radiative climate forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23,389-23,401, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Roelofs, G.-J.1    Lelieveld, J.2    Van Dorland, R.3
  • 95
    • 0019728760 scopus 로고
    • A new finite difference scheme for the tracer transport equation
    • Russel, G., and J. Lerner, A new finite difference scheme for the tracer transport equation, J. Appl. Meteorol., 20, 1483-1498, 1981.
    • (1981) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.20 , pp. 1483-1498
    • Russel, G.1    Lerner, J.2
  • 96
    • 0027878276 scopus 로고
    • The Halogen Occultation Experiment
    • Russell, J. M., III, et al., The Halogen Occultation Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,777-10,797, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Russell III, J.M.1
  • 97
    • 0026472051 scopus 로고
    • Surface ozone levels at the end of the nineteenth century in South America
    • Sandroni, S., D. Anfossi, and S. Viarenzo, Surface ozone levels at the end of the nineteenth century in South America, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 2535-2539, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 2535-2539
    • Sandroni, S.1    Anfossi, D.2    Viarenzo, S.3
  • 98
    • 0025247527 scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of ozone to nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in regional ozone episodes
    • Sillman, S., J. A. Logan, and S. C. Wofsy, The sensitivity of ozone to nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons in regional ozone episodes, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 1837-1851, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 1837-1851
    • Sillman, S.1    Logan, J.A.2    Wofsy, S.C.3
  • 101
    • 0031410451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ozone mass exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere for background and volcanic sulfate aerosol conditions
    • Tie, X., and P. Hess, Ozone mass exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere for background and volcanic sulfate aerosol conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,478-25,500, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Tie, X.1    Hess, P.2
  • 102
    • 0024907516 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive mass-flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models
    • Tiedtke, M., A comprehensive mass-flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in large-scale models, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1779-1800, 1989.
    • (1989) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 1779-1800
    • Tiedtke, M.1
  • 103
    • 0032572629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case studies of tropospheric ozone events observed at the summit of Mount Fuji
    • Tsutsumi, Y., Y. Igarashi, Y. Zaizen, and Y. Makino, Case studies of tropospheric ozone events observed at the summit of Mount Fuji, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 16,935-16,951, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Tsutsumi, Y.1    Igarashi, Y.2    Zaizen, Y.3    Makino, Y.4
  • 104
    • 84905418060 scopus 로고
    • Strat-trop exchange
    • World Meteorol. Org., Geneva
    • Tuck, A. F., et al., Strat-trop exchange, in Atmospheric Ozone 1985, Rep. 16, pp. 151-240, World Meteorol. Org., Geneva, 1985.
    • (1985) Atmospheric Ozone 1985, Rep. 16 , pp. 151-240
    • Tuck, A.F.1
  • 105
    • 84905431611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National air pollution emissions trends, 1900-1995
    • Research Triangle Park, N. C.
    • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National air pollution emissions trends, 1900-1995, EPA-454/R-96-007, Research Triangle Park, N. C., 1996.
    • (1996) EPA-454/R-96-007
  • 106
    • 0000161951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosol
    • Van Dorland, R., F. J. Dentener, and J. Lelieveld, Radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosol, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,079-28,100, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Van Dorland, R.1    Dentener, F.J.2    Lelieveld, J.3
  • 107
    • 0023823535 scopus 로고
    • Ozone measurements made in the 19th century: An evaluation of Montsouris series
    • Volz, A., and D. Kley, Ozone measurements made in the 19th century: An evaluation of Montsouris series, Nature, 332, 240-242, 1988.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.332 , pp. 240-242
    • Volz, A.1    Kley, D.2
  • 108
    • 0007699422 scopus 로고
    • Trends in photo-oxidant concentrations
    • edited by P. M. Borrell, SPB Acad., The Hague, Netherlands
    • Volz-Thomas, A., Trends in photo-oxidant concentrations, in Proceedings of EUROTRAC Symposium '92, edited by P. M. Borrell, pp. 59-64, SPB Acad., The Hague, Netherlands, 1993.
    • (1993) Proceedings of EUROTRAC Symposium '92 , pp. 59-64
    • Volz-Thomas, A.1
  • 109
    • 0032553895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times
    • Wang, Y., and D. J. Jacob, Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 31,123-31,135, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Wang, Y.1    Jacob, D.J.2
  • 110
    • 33646968003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • x-hydrocarbon chemistry, 2, Model evaluation and global ozone budget
    • x-hydrocarbon chemistry, 2, Model evaluation and global ozone budget, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 10,727-10,755, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103
    • Wang, Y.1    Jacob, D.J.2    Logan, J.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.