메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 103, Issue D21, 1998, Pages 28265-28289

MOZART, a global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers 1. Model description

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; MODEL; OZONE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 0033589854     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/98JD02397     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (366)

References (108)
  • 2
    • 4244058520 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds under atmospheric conditions
    • Atkinson, R., Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds under atmospheric conditions, Chem. Rev., 85, 69-201, 1985.
    • (1985) Chem. Rev. , vol.85 , pp. 69-201
    • Atkinson, R.1
  • 6
    • 0001347863 scopus 로고
    • Regional and seasonal variations in the flux of oceanic carbon monoxide to the atmosphere
    • Bates, T. S., K. C. Kelly, J. E. Johnson, and R. H. Gammon, Regional and seasonal variations in the flux of oceanic carbon monoxide to the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 23,093-23,101, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Bates, T.S.1    Kelly, K.C.2    Johnson, J.E.3    Gammon, R.H.4
  • 7
    • 0016952798 scopus 로고
    • Terminal velocity and sharps and precipitation drops aloft
    • Beard, K. V., Terminal velocity and sharps and precipitation drops aloft, J. Atmos. Sci., 23, 851-864, 1976.
    • (1976) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.23 , pp. 851-864
    • Beard, K.V.1
  • 9
    • 0031413325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere, 1, Model description and CO and ozone results
    • Berntsen, T. K., and I. S. A. Isaksen, A global three-dimensional chemical transport model for the troposphere, 1, Model description and CO and ozone results, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21,239-21,280, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Berntsen, T.K.1    Isaksen, I.S.A.2
  • 10
    • 84977285496 scopus 로고
    • The size distribution of raindrops
    • Best, A. C., The size distribution of raindrops, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 16-36, 1950a.
    • (1950) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 16-36
    • Best, A.C.1
  • 11
    • 84977303603 scopus 로고
    • Empirical formulae for the terminal velocity of water drops falling through the atmosphere
    • Best, A. C., Empirical formulae for the terminal velocity of water drops falling through the atmosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 76, 302-311, 1950b.
    • (1950) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 302-311
    • Best, A.C.1
  • 12
    • 0000374253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A land surface model (LSM version 1.0) for ecological, hydrological, and atmospheric studies: Technical description and user's guide
    • Natl. Cent, for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo.
    • Bonan, G. B., A land surface model (LSM version 1.0) for ecological, hydrological, and atmospheric studies: Technical description and user's guide, NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-417+STR, Natl. Cent, for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1996.
    • (1996) NCAR Tech. Note, NCAR/TN-417+STR
    • Bonan, G.B.1
  • 13
    • 0029853612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical compounds in the remote Pacific troposphere: Comparison between MLOPEX measurements and chemical transport model calculations
    • Brasseur, G. P., D. A. Hauglustaine, and S. Walters, Chemical compounds in the remote Pacific troposphere: Comparison between MLOPEX measurements and chemical transport model calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,795-14,813, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Brasseur, G.P.1    Hauglustaine, D.A.2    Walters, S.3
  • 14
    • 0031417255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional simulation of the Antarctic ozone hole: Impact of anthropogenic chlorine on the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere
    • Brasseur, G. P., X. X. Tie, P. J. Rasch, and F. Lefevre, A three-dimensional simulation of the Antarctic ozone hole: Impact of anthropogenic chlorine on the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8909-8930, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 8909-8930
    • Brasseur, G.P.1    Tie, X.X.2    Rasch, P.J.3    Lefevre, F.4
  • 17
    • 0025229574 scopus 로고
    • A detailed mechanism for the gas-phase atmospheric reactions of organic compounds
    • Carter, W. P. L., A detailed mechanism for the gas-phase atmospheric reactions of organic compounds, Atmos. Environ., 24, 481-518, 1990.
    • (1990) Atmos. Environ. , vol.24 , pp. 481-518
    • Carter, W.P.L.1
  • 21
    • 0027444492 scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional modeling study of trace species in the Arctic lower stratosphere during winter 1989-1990
    • Chipperfield, M. P., D. Cariolle, P. Simon, R. Ramaroson, and D. J. Lary, A three-dimensional modeling study of trace species in the Arctic lower stratosphere during winter 1989-1990, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7199-7218, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 7199-7218
    • Chipperfield, M.P.1    Cariolle, D.2    Simon, P.3    Ramaroson, R.4    Lary, D.J.5
  • 22
    • 84986366962 scopus 로고
    • A 3D chemical transport model study of chlorine activation during EASOE
    • Chipperfield, M. P., D. Cariolle, and P. Simon, A 3D chemical transport model study of chlorine activation during EASOE, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1467-1470, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 1467-1470
    • Chipperfield, M.P.1    Cariolle, D.2    Simon, P.3
  • 24
    • 0026268764 scopus 로고
    • The changing photochemistry of the troposphere
    • Crutzen, P. J., and P. H. Zimmermann, The changing photochemistry of the troposphere, Tellus, 43, 136-151, 1991.
    • (1991) Tellus , vol.43 , pp. 136-151
    • Crutzen, P.J.1    Zimmermann, P.H.2
  • 27
    • 0028670042 scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional model of the global ammonia cycle
    • Dentener, F. J., and P. J. Crutzen, A three-dimensional model of the global ammonia cycle, J. Atmos. Chem., 19, 331-369, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Chem. , vol.19 , pp. 331-369
    • Dentener, F.J.1    Crutzen, P.J.2
  • 29
    • 0030616182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • y: A comparison of data and models
    • y: A comparison of data and models, Atmos. Environ., 31, 1851-1904, 1997.
    • (1997) Atmos. Environ. , vol.31 , pp. 1851-1904
    • Emmons, L.K.1
  • 30
    • 0027035676 scopus 로고
    • 3-D tropospheric CO modeling: The possible influence of the ocean
    • Erickson, D. J., III, and J. A. Taylor, 3-D tropospheric CO modeling: The possible influence of the ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1955-1958, 1992.
    • (1992) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.19 , pp. 1955-1958
    • Erickson III, D.J.1    Taylor, J.A.2
  • 32
    • 0018907682 scopus 로고
    • The washout of combustion-generated hydrogen chlorine
    • Fenton, D. L., R. Y. Purcell, and D. Hrdina, The washout of combustion-generated hydrogen chlorine, Atmos. Environ., 14, 1055-1062, 1980.
    • (1980) Atmos. Environ. , vol.14 , pp. 1055-1062
    • Fenton, D.L.1    Purcell, R.Y.2    Hrdina, D.3
  • 33
    • 0002671889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric effects of subsonic aircraft: Interim assessment report of the advanced subsonic technology program
    • Friedl, R. (Ed.), Atmospheric effects of subsonic aircraft: Interim assessment report of the advanced subsonic technology program, NASA Ref. Publ. 1400, 143 pp., 1997.
    • (1997) NASA Ref. Publ. 1400
    • Friedl, R.1
  • 34
    • 0000334138 scopus 로고
    • The evaporating of falling drops
    • Frossling, N., The evaporating of falling drops, Beitr. Geophys., 52, 170-216, 1938.
    • (1938) Beitr. Geophys. , vol.52 , pp. 170-216
    • Frossling, N.1
  • 38
    • 0022164340 scopus 로고
    • The rainout parameterization in a photochemical model
    • Giorgi, F., and W. L. Chameides, The rainout parameterization in a photochemical model, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 7872-7880, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 7872-7880
    • Giorgi, F.1    Chameides, W.L.2
  • 39
    • 9844219671 scopus 로고
    • Impact of heterogeneous chemistry on model predictions of ozone changes
    • Granier, C., and G. Brasseur, Impact of heterogeneous chemistry on model predictions of ozone changes, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 18,015-18,033, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97
    • Granier, C.1    Brasseur, G.2
  • 40
    • 0001390323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land use practices and biomass burning: Impact on the chemical composition of the atmosphere
    • edited J. S. Levine, MIT Press, Cambridges, Mass.
    • Granier, C., W. M. Hao, G. Brasseur, and J.-F. Müller, Land use practices and biomass burning: Impact on the chemical composition of the atmosphere, in Biomass Burning and Global Change, edited J. S. Levine, pp. 140-198, MIT Press, Cambridges, Mass., 1996.
    • (1996) Biomass Burning and Global Change , pp. 140-198
    • Granier, C.1    Hao, W.M.2    Brasseur, G.3    Müller, J.-F.4
  • 41
    • 0002854907 scopus 로고
    • Modeling the transport of chemically active constituents in the stratosphere
    • edited by G. Visconti, and R. Garcia, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass.
    • Grose, W. L., J. E. Nealy, R. E. Turner, and W. T. Blackshear, Modeling the transport of chemically active constituents in the stratosphere, in Transport Processes in the Middle Atmosphere, edited by G. Visconti, and R. Garcia, pp. 229-250, D. Reidel, Norwell, Mass., 1987.
    • (1987) Transport Processes in the middle Atmosphere , pp. 229-250
    • Grose, W.L.1    Nealy, J.E.2    Turner, R.E.3    Blackshear, W.T.4
  • 42
    • 0028193574 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of moist convection in the NCAR community climate model (CCM2)
    • Hack, J. J., Parameterization of moist convection in the NCAR community climate model (CCM2), J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5551-5568, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 5551-5568
    • Hack, J.J.1
  • 43
    • 84958272280 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of systematic errors in the NCAR CCM2
    • World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva
    • Hack, J. J., and J. T. Kiehl, Reduction of systematic errors in the NCAR CCM2, WCRP-92 WMO/TD 732, pp. 313-318, World Meteorol. Organ., Geneva, 1995.
    • (1995) WCRP-92 WMO/TD 732 , pp. 313-318
    • Hack, J.J.1    Kiehl, J.T.2
  • 45
    • 0028554782 scopus 로고
    • Climate statistics from the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model CCM2
    • Hack, J. J., B. A. Boville, J. T. Kiehl, P. J. Rasch, and D. L. Williamson, Climate statistics from the National Center for Atmospheric Research community climate model CCM2, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,785-20,813, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99
    • Hack, J.J.1    Boville, B.A.2    Kiehl, J.T.3    Rasch, P.J.4    Williamson, D.L.5
  • 47
    • 0028570938 scopus 로고
    • Spatial distribution of tropical biomass burning in 1980 with 5° x 5° resolution
    • Hao, W. M., and M.-H. Liu, Spatial distribution of tropical biomass burning in 1980 with 5° x 5° resolution, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8, 495-503, 1994.
    • (1994) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.8 , pp. 495-503
    • Hao, W.M.1    Liu, M.-H.2
  • 48
    • 0030420573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2, CO, and hydrocarbons from fires in diverse African savanna ecosystems
    • 2, CO, and hydrocarbons from fires in diverse African savanna ecosystems, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 23,577-23,584, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Hao, W.M.1    Ward, D.E.2    Olbu, G.3    Baker, S.P.4
  • 51
    • 0001799061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Three-Dimensional Simulation of Ozone over the North Atlantic Ocean
    • R. D. Bojkov and G. Visconti (Eds), International Ozone Commission, L'Aquila
    • Hauglustaine, D. A., G. P. Brasseur, and S. Walters, A Three-Dimensional Simulation of Ozone over the North Atlantic Ocean, in Atmospheric Ozone, R. D. Bojkov and G. Visconti (Eds), pp. 735-738, International Ozone Commission, L'Aquila, 1998.
    • (1998) Atmospheric Ozone , pp. 735-738
    • Hauglustaine, D.A.1    Brasseur, G.P.2    Walters, S.3
  • 53
    • 84986777445 scopus 로고
    • Quasi-steady-state approximations in air pollution modeling: Comparison of two numerical schemes for oxidant prediction
    • Hesstvedt, E., Ö. Høv, and I. S. A. Isaksen, Quasi-steady-state approximations in air pollution modeling: Comparison of two numerical schemes for oxidant prediction, Intl. J. Chem. Kinetics, X, 971-994, 1978.
    • (1978) Intl. J. Chem. Kinetics , vol.10 , pp. 971-994
    • Hesstvedt, E.1    Høv, Ö.2    Isaksen, I.S.A.3
  • 54
    • 0027881517 scopus 로고
    • Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model
    • Holtslag, A., and B. Boville, Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model, J. Clim., 6, 1825-1842, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Clim. , vol.6 , pp. 1825-1842
    • Holtslag, A.1    Boville, B.2
  • 55
    • 0028846368 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of NCAR community climate model (CCM) climates
    • Hurrell, J. W., Comparison of NCAR community climate model (CCM) climates, Clim. Dyn., 11, 25-50, 1995.
    • (1995) Clim. Dyn. , vol.11 , pp. 25-50
    • Hurrell, J.W.1
  • 57
    • 0025247307 scopus 로고
    • Radon-222 as a test of convective transport in a general circulation model
    • Jacob, D. J., and M. J. Prather, Radon-222 as a test of convective transport in a general circulation model, Tellus, Ser. B, 42, 118-134, 1990.
    • (1990) Tellus, Ser. B , vol.42 , pp. 118-134
    • Jacob, D.J.1    Prather, M.J.2
  • 58
    • 0006783193 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of summertime ozone over North America
    • Jacob, D. J., et al., Simulation of summertime ozone over North America, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 14,797-14,816, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Jacob, D.J.1
  • 59
    • 0031439159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 222Rn and other short-lived tracers
    • 222Rn and other short-lived tracers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 5953-5970, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 5953-5970
    • Jacob, D.J.1
  • 60
    • 0031393920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 in the upper troposphere suggest a major source from convective injection of peroxides
    • 2 in the upper troposphere suggest a major source from convective injection of peroxides, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 3181-3184, 1997.
    • (1997) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.24 , pp. 3181-3184
    • Jaeglé, L.1
  • 62
    • 0026266591 scopus 로고
    • A two-dimensional study of ethane and propane oxidation in the troposphere
    • Kanakidou, M., H. B. Singh, K. M. Valentin, and P. J. Crutzen, A two-dimensional study of ethane and propane oxidation in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 15,395-15,413, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96
    • Kanakidou, M.1    Singh, H.B.2    Valentin, K.M.3    Crutzen, P.J.4
  • 63
    • 0027488339 scopus 로고
    • y distributions from fossil fuel combustion emissions: A model study
    • y distributions from fossil fuel combustion emissions: A model study, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 7165-7180, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98 , pp. 7165-7180
    • Kasibhatla, P.1    Levy II, H.2    Moxim, W.J.3
  • 64
    • 0030428492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional view of the large-scale tropospheric ozone distribution over the North Atlantic Ocean during summer
    • Kasibhatla, P., H. Levy II, A. Klonecki, and W. L. Chameides, Three-dimensional view of the large-scale tropospheric ozone distribution over the North Atlantic Ocean during summer, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 29,305-29,316, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Kasibhatla, P.1    Levy II, H.2    Klonecki, A.3    Chameides, W.L.4
  • 66
  • 70
    • 0028552437 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of the 1991-1992 stratospheric winter: Three-dimensional model simulations
    • Lefèvre, F., G. P. Brasseur, I. Folkins, A. K. Smith, and P. Simon, Chemistry of the 1991-1992 stratospheric winter: Three-dimensional model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8183-8195, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 8183-8195
    • Lefèvre, F.1    Brasseur, G.P.2    Folkins, I.3    Smith, A.K.4    Simon, P.5
  • 71
    • 0024196166 scopus 로고
    • The role of molecular hydrogen and methane oxidation in the water vapor budget of the stratosphere
    • Le Texier, H., S. Solomon, and R. R. Garcia, The role of molecular hydrogen and methane oxidation in the water vapor budget of the stratosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 114, 281-295, 1988.
    • (1988) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.114 , pp. 281-295
    • Le Texier, H.1    Solomon, S.2    Garcia, R.R.3
  • 72
    • 0020001951 scopus 로고
    • In-cloud and below-cloud scavenging of acid vapor
    • Levine, S. Z., and S. E. Schwarz, In-cloud and below-cloud scavenging of acid vapor, Atmos. Environ., 16, 1725-1734, 1982.
    • (1982) Atmos. Environ. , vol.16 , pp. 1725-1734
    • Levine, S.Z.1    Schwarz, S.E.2
  • 74
    • 0022266241 scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric ozone: The role of transport
    • Levy, H., II, J. D. Mahlman, and W. J. Moxim, Tropospheric ozone: The role of transport, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 3753-3772, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 3753-3772
    • Levy II, H.1    Mahlman, J.D.2    Moxim, W.J.3
  • 76
    • 0006782540 scopus 로고
    • The NCAR master mechanism of the gas phase chemistry-Version 2.0
    • Natl Cent, for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo.
    • Madronich, S., and J. G. Calvert, The NCAR master mechanism of the gas phase chemistry-Version 2.0, NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-333+STR, Natl Cent, for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1989.
    • (1989) NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-333+STR
    • Madronich, S.1    Calvert, J.G.2
  • 77
    • 0000153409 scopus 로고
    • Tracer simulation using a global general circulation model: Results from a mid-latitude instantaneous source experiment
    • Mahlman, J. D., and W. J. Moxim, Tracer simulation using a global general circulation model: Results from a mid-latitude instantaneous source experiment, J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1340-1374, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.35 , pp. 1340-1374
    • Mahlman, J.D.1    Moxim, W.J.2
  • 78
    • 0343897140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ph.D. thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass.
    • 3F, Ph.D. thesis, MIT, Cambridge, Mass., 1996.
    • (1996) 3F
    • Mahowald, N.M.1
  • 79
    • 17144461527 scopus 로고
    • Cumulus parameterization in chemical transport models
    • Mahowald, N. M., P. J. Rasch, and R. G. Prinn, Cumulus parameterization in chemical transport models, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 26,173-26,189, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Mahowald, N.M.1    Rasch, P.J.2    Prinn, R.G.3
  • 80
    • 0000210189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3F emissions using an inverse method and chemical transport models with assimilated winds
    • 3F emissions using an inverse method and chemical transport models with assimilated winds, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,153-28,168, 1997a.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Mahowald, N.M.1    Prinn, R.G.2    Rasch, P.J.3
  • 83
    • 0026462625 scopus 로고
    • Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases
    • Müller, J.-F., Geographical distribution and seasonal variation of surface emissions and deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3787-3804, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 3787-3804
    • Müller, J.-F.1
  • 84
    • 17144473777 scopus 로고
    • IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere
    • Müller, J.-F., and G. Brasseur, IMAGES: A three-dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,445-16,490, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Müller, J.-F.1    Brasseur, G.2
  • 86
    • 0025992504 scopus 로고
    • Tropospheric nitrogen: A three-dimensional study of sources, distributions, and deposition
    • Penner, J. E., C. S. Atherton, J. Dignon, S. J. Ghan, J. J. Walton, S, Hameed, Tropospheric nitrogen: a three-dimensional study of sources, distributions, and deposition, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 959-990, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 959-990
    • Penner, J.E.1    Atherton, C.S.2    Dignon, J.3    Ghan, S.J.4    Walton, J.J.5    Hameed, S.6
  • 88
    • 0023468413 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of the global troposphere: Fluorocarbons as tracers of air motion
    • Prather, M. J., M. B. McElroy, S. C. Wofsy, G. Russel, and D. Rind, Chemistry of the global troposphere: Fluorocarbons as tracers of air motion, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6579-6613, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 6579-6613
    • Prather, M.J.1    McElroy, M.B.2    Wofsy, S.C.3    Russel, G.4    Rind, D.5
  • 89
    • 0027101680 scopus 로고
    • A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions
    • Price, C., and D. Rind, A simple lightning parameterization for calculating global lightning distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 9919-9933, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 9919-9933
    • Price, C.1    Rind, D.2
  • 90
    • 1542607870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations
    • in press
    • Rasch, P. J., and J. E. Kristjansson, A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations, J. Clim., in press, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Clim.
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Kristjansson, J.E.2
  • 91
    • 84905427276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in transport methods at NCAR
    • Max Planck Inst. for, Meteorol., Hamburg, Germany, in press
    • Rasch, P. J., and M. Lawrence, Recent developments in transport methods at NCAR, in Proceedings of the 1997 Workshop on transport methods, Max Planck Inst. for, Meteorol., Hamburg, Germany, in press, 1998.
    • (1998) Proceedings of the 1997 Workshop on Transport Methods
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Lawrence, M.2
  • 92
    • 0025591352 scopus 로고
    • Computational aspects of moisture transport in global models of the atmosphere
    • Rasch, P. J., and D. L. Williamson, Computational aspects of moisture transport in global models of the atmosphere, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 116, 1071-1090, 1990.
    • (1990) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.116 , pp. 1071-1090
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Williamson, D.L.2
  • 93
    • 0028255748 scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional transport model for the middle atmosphere
    • Rasch, P. J., X. X. Tie, B. A. Boville, and D. L. Williamson, A three-dimensional transport model for the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 999-1017, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 999-1017
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Tie, X.X.2    Boville, B.A.3    Williamson, D.L.4
  • 94
    • 0029473435 scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional general circulation model with coupled chemistry for the middle atmosphere
    • Rasch, P. J., B. A. Boville, and G. P. Brasseur, A three-dimensional general circulation model with coupled chemistry for the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 9041-9071, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 9041-9071
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Boville, B.A.2    Brasseur, G.P.3
  • 95
    • 0000942149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representations of transport, convection and the hydrologic cycle in chemical transport models: Implications for the modeling of short lived and soluble species
    • Rasch, P. J., N. M. Mahowald, and B. E. Eaton, Representations of transport, convection and the hydrologic cycle in chemical transport models: Implications for the modeling of short lived and soluble species, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 28,127-28,138, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Mahowald, N.M.2    Eaton, B.E.3
  • 98
    • 0029520275 scopus 로고
    • 3 in the troposphere calculated with a chemistry general circulation model
    • 3 in the troposphere calculated with a chemistry general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,983-20,998, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Roelofs, G.-J.1    Lelieveld, J.2
  • 99
    • 18344415527 scopus 로고
    • A three-dimensional model of chemically active trace species in the middle atmosphere during disturbed winter conditions
    • Rose, K., and G. Brasseur, A three-dimensional model of chemically active trace species in the middle atmosphere during disturbed winter conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 16,387-16,403, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.94
    • Rose, K.1    Brasseur, G.2
  • 100
    • 2642545438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benchmarking stiff ODE solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems II: Rosenbrock solvers
    • Univ. of Iowa, Ames
    • Sandu, A., J. G. Verwer, J. G. Blom, E. J. Spee, and G. R. Carmichael, Benchmarking stiff ODE solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems II: Rosenbrock solvers, Rep. Comput. Math., 90/1996, Univ. of Iowa, Ames, 1996.
    • (1996) Rep. Comput. Math., 90/1996
    • Sandu, A.1    Verwer, J.G.2    Blom, J.G.3    Spee, E.J.4    Carmichael, G.R.5
  • 101
    • 0003866446 scopus 로고
    • An energy and angular-momentum conserving finite-difference scheme, hybrid coordinates and medium-range weather prediction
    • Eur. Cent. for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England
    • Simmons, A. J., and R. Strüfing, An energy and angular-momentum conserving finite-difference scheme, hybrid coordinates and medium-range weather prediction, ECMWF Tech. Rep. 28, 68 pp., Eur. Cent. for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, England, 1981.
    • (1981) ECMWF Tech. Rep. 28
    • Simmons, A.J.1    Strüfing, R.2
  • 102
    • 0028981352 scopus 로고
    • High concentrations and photochemical fate of oxygenated hydrocarbons in the global troposphere
    • Singh, H. B., M. Kanakidou, P. J. Crutzen, and D. J. Jacob, High concentrations and photochemical fate of oxygenated hydrocarbons in the global troposphere, Nature, 378, 50-54, 1995.
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 50-54
    • Singh, H.B.1    Kanakidou, M.2    Crutzen, P.J.3    Jacob, D.J.4
  • 103
    • 0024824610 scopus 로고
    • A GCM parameterization for the shortwave radiative properties of water clouds
    • Slingo, A., A GCM parameterization for the shortwave radiative properties of water clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1419-1427, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1419-1427
    • Slingo, A.1
  • 104
    • 0026310248 scopus 로고
    • A study of the sources and sinks of methane and methyl chloroform using a global three-dimensional Lagrangian tropospheric tracer transport model
    • Taylor, J. A., G. P. Brasseur, P. R. Zimmerman, and R. J. Cicerone, A study of the sources and sinks of methane and methyl chloroform using a global three-dimensional Lagrangian tropospheric tracer transport model, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 3013-3044, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 3013-3044
    • Taylor, J.A.1    Brasseur, G.P.2    Zimmerman, P.R.3    Cicerone, R.J.4
  • 105
    • 0031410451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ozone mass exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere for background and volcanic sulfate aerosol conditions
    • Tie, X. X., and P. Hess, Ozone mass exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere for background and volcanic sulfate aerosol conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,487-25,500, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102
    • Tie, X.X.1    Hess, P.2
  • 106
    • 0024813204 scopus 로고
    • Two-dimensional semi-Lagrangian transport with shape preserving interpolation
    • Williamson, D. L., and P. J. Rasch, Two-dimensional semi-Lagrangian transport with shape preserving interpolation, Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 102-129, 1989.
    • (1989) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.117 , pp. 102-129
    • Williamson, D.L.1    Rasch, P.J.2
  • 107
    • 0003594276 scopus 로고
    • Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1991
    • World, Geneva
    • World Meteorological Organization, Scientific assessment of ozone depletion: 1991, WMO Rep. 25, World, Geneva, 1991.
    • (1991) WMO Rep. 25
  • 108
    • 0029668202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A supplement for the RADM2 chemical mechanism: The photooxidation of isoprene
    • Zimmerman, J., and D. Poppe, A supplement for the RADM2 chemical mechanism: The photooxidation of isoprene, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1255-1269, 1996.
    • (1996) Atmos. Environ. , vol.30 , pp. 1255-1269
    • Zimmerman, J.1    Poppe, D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.