Mapping wet deposition of acidifying components and base cations over europe using measurements

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 30, Issue 14, 1996, Pages 2495-2511

  Van Leeuwen, E P ^a   Draaijers, G P J ^a   Erisman, J W ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Acidification; Base cations; Europe; Interpolation; Kriging; Maps; Wet deposition

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; CALCIUM; CATION; CHLORIDE; HYDROGEN; MAGNESIUM; NITRATE; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; SULFATE;

ACIDIFICATION; AIR POLLUTION; ARTICLE; DATA ANALYSIS; DATA BASE; DRY DEPOSITION; EUROPE; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; POLLUTION CONTROL; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOIL POLLUTION;

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CORRELATION METHODS; DATABASE SYSTEMS; HYDROGEN; INTERPOLATION; IONS; MAPPING; MAPS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MONITORING; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

ACIDIFICATION; ACIDIFYING COMPONENTS; BASE CATIONS; EUROPE; KRIGING; VARIOGRAMS; WET DEPOSITION;

ACID RAIN;

ACIDIFICATION; EMEP; KRIGING; LONG RANGE TRANSPORT; MAPPING; MODEL; WET DEPOSITION;

EUROPE;

EID: 0029663035     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00475-0     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Behr O. (1990) Ermittlung von Niederschlagsverteilungen und Gebietsniederschlägen unter Einbeziehung digitaler Geländeinformationen. Institut für Hydraulik der Technische Universität, Vienna.
2. Browning K. A., Hill F. F. and Pardoe C. W. (1974) Structure and mechanism of precipitation and the effect of orography in a winter-time warm sector. Q. Jl R. Met. Soc. 100, 309-330.
3. Buijsman E. (1990) De berekening van natte, zure depositie: een vergelijking van een aantal berekeningswijzen. Report no. 228703006, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
4. Buijsman E. and Erisman J. W. (1986) Ammonium wet deposition flux in Europe. Report no. R-86-5, Institute for Meteorology and Oceanography, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
5. Clark A. G. and Lambert D. R. (1987) Local factors influencing the chemistry of precipitation. In Acid Rain: Scientific and Technical Advances (edited by Perry R., Harrison R. M., Bell J. N. B. and Lester J. M.). Selpter, London.
6. Cressie N. A. C. (1993) Statistics for Spatial Data. Wiley, New York.
7. Dollard G. J., Unsworth M. H. and Harvey M. J. (1983) Pollutant transfer in upland regions by occult precipitation. Nature 302, 241-243.
8. Dore A. J., Choularton T. W. and Fowler D. (1992) An improved wet deposition map of the United Kingdom incorporating the seeder-feeder effect over mountainous terrain. Atmospheric Environment 8, 1375-1381.
9. Draaijers G. P. J., van Leeuwen E. P., Potma C. J. M., van Pul W. A. J. and Erisman J. W. (1995) Mapping base cation deposition on a small scale over Europe. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. (in press).
10. Fowler D., Cape J. N., Leith I. D., Choularton T. W., Gay M. J. and Jones A. (1988) The influence of altitude on rainfall composition at Great Dun Fell. Atmospheric Environment 22, 1355-1362.
11. Georgii H. W., Grosch S. and Schmitt G. (1986) Assessment of wet and dry pollutant deposition to forests in the Federal Republic of Germany. Institute für Meteorologie und Geophysik, J. W. Goethe Universität, Frankfurt (in German).
12. Grennfelt P., Larsson S., Leyton P. and Olsson B. (1985) Atmospheric deposition in the Lake Gärdsjön area, SW Sweden. Ecol. Bull. 37, 101-108.
13. Iversen T., Halvorsen N., Mylona S. and Sandnes H. (1991) Calculated budgets for airborne acidifying components in Europe. 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1990. Meteorological Synthesizing Centre - West, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway.
14. Jaarsveld J. A. van (1995) Modelling the long-term atmospheric behaviour of pollutants on various spatial scales. Ph.D. thesis. University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
15. Journel A. G. and Huijbregts Ch. J. (1978) Mining Geostatistics. Academic Press, London.
16. Karssenberg D. (1994) Kriging partial realisations of non-stationary random fields using maps of square root difference and exploratory data analysis. University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
17. KNMI/RIVM (1989) Chemische samenstelling van de neerslag over Ncderland. Annual report 1988 De Bilt/Bilthoven, The Netherlands (in Dutch).
18. x und basischen kationen in Österreich. Technische Universität Vienna, Institut für Analytische Chemie (in German).
19. Kovar A. and Puxbaum H. (1992) Nasse Deposition im Ostalpenraum, Untersuchung der nassen deposition atmosphärischer spurenstoffe im bereich der arge Alp und der arbeitsgemeinschaft Alpen-Adria. Inst, für Analytische Chemie der Technischen Universität Vienna (in German).
20. Legates D. R. and Willmott C. J. (1990) Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation. Int. J. Climatol. 10, 111-123.
21. Leeuwen E. P. van, Potma C. J. M., Draaijers G. P. J., Erisman J. W. and Pul W. A. J. van (1995) European wet deposition maps based on measurements. RIVM-report 722108006, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
22. Matheron G. (1971) The Theory of Regionalized Variables and its Applications. Les Cahiers du Centre de Morphologie; Mathematique de Fontainebleau, Ecole des Mines de Paris, v.5.
23. Moldan (1980) In Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation. (edited by Drablös D. and Tollan A.). SNSF-project, Norway.
24. Mosello R., Marchetto A. and Tartari G. A. (1988) Bulk and wet atmospheric deposition chemistry at Pallanza (Italy). Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 42, 137-151.
25. Mosello R., Bianchi M., Geiss H., Marchetto A., Tartari G. A., Serrini G., Serrini Lanza G. and Muntau H. (1994) Acid rain analysis: results of the third interlaboratory exercise. Aquacon-Medbas-Subproject N.6 (Analytical Quality Control and Assessment Studies in the Mediterrain Basin), Pallanza, Italy.
26. Potma C. J. M. (1993) Description of the ECMWF/WMO Global Observational Data Set, and associated data extraction and interpolation procedures. Report no. 722401001, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
27. Pul W. A. J. van, Potma C. W. M., Leeuwen E. P. van, Draaijers G. P. J. and Erisman J. W. (1995) EDACS: European deposition maps of acidifying compounds on a small scale, model description and preliminary results. Report no. 722401005, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
28. Puxbaum H. and Kovar A. (1991) Seasonal trend of snowfall composition at the high alpine observatory Sonnblick (3106, m a.s.l., eastern alps). In: Proc Eurotrac Symposium '90 (edited by Borell P.), pp. 61-66. SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague, The Netherlands.
29. Ridder T. B. de, Baard J. H. and Buishand T. A. (1984) The impact of sample strategy and analysis protocol on concentrations in rainwater. Report no. TR-55 (in Dutch), Royal Meteorological Institute of the Netherlands.
30. Ronseaux F. and Delmas R. J. (1988) Chemical composition of bulk atmospheric deposition to snow at Col de la Brevna (Mt Blanc). In Acid Deposition at High Elevation Sites (edited by Unsworth M. H. and Fowler D.), pp. 491-510. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
31. Ruijgrok W., Visser H. and Römer F. G. (1990) Comparison of bulk and wet-only samplers for trend detection in wet deposition. In Proc Workshop on Cloud Chemistry and Wet Deposition, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 10-12 April 1990.
32. Schaug J., Pedersen U. and Skjelmoen J. E. (1991) EMEP Co-operative programme for monitoring and evaluation of the long-range transmission of air pollutants in Europe. Data Report 1989, Part 1: Annual Summaries; Norwegian Institute for Air Research, EMEP/ CCC-Report 2/91.
33. Sevruk B. (1993) Checking precipitation gauge performance. In Measurement of Airborne Pollutants (edited by Couling S.), pp. 89-107. Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford.
34. Slanina J., Keuken M. P., Arends B., Veltkamp A. C. and Weyers G. P. (1990) Report on the contribution of ECN to the second phase of the Dutch priority programme on acidification. ECN, Petten, The Netherlands.
35. Stedman J. R., Heyes C. J. and Irwin J. G. (1990) A comparison of bulk and wet-only precipitation collectors at rural sites in the United Kingdom. Wat. Air Soil Pollut. 52, 377-395.
36. United Kingdom Review Group on Acid Rain (1990) Acid deposition in the United Kingdom, third report of the United Kingdom Review Group on Acid Rain. Warren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage, U.K.
37. United Kingdom Review Group on Impacts of Atmospheric Nitrogen (1994) Impacts of nitrogen deposition in terrestrial ecosystems. Department of the Environment, London, U.K.
38. Venkatram A. (1988) On the use of kriging in the spatial analysis of acid precipitation data. Atmospheric Environment 9, 1963-1975.
39. Webster R. and Oliver M. A. (1990) Statistical Methods in Soil & Land Resources Survey. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
40. Webster R., Campbell G. W. and Irwin J. G. (1991) Spatial Analysis and mapping the annual mean concentrations of acidity and major ions precipitation over the United Kingdom in 1986. Envir. Mon. Assess. 16, 1-17.