Simulation of global sulfate distribution and the influence of effective cloud drop radii with a coupled photochemistry-sulfur cycle model

Tellus, Series B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

Volumn 50B, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 224-242

  Roelofs, Geert Jan ^a   Lelieveld, Jos ^a   Ganzeveld, Laurens ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOUD DROP RADIUS; SULPHUR;

EID: 0031719880     PISSN: 02806509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1998.t01-2-00002.x     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Albrecht, B. A. 1989. Aerosols, Cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness. Science 245, 1227-1230.
2. Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Hampson, R. F. Jr., Kerr, J. A. and Troe, J. 1992. Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Supplement IV. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 1187-1230.
3. Ayers, G. P., Ivey, J. P. and Goodman, H. S. 1986. Sulfate and methanesulfonate in the maritime aerosol at Cape Grim, Tasmania. J. Atmos. Chem. 4, 173-185.
4. Ayers, G. P., Ivey, J. P. and Gillett, R. W. 1991. Coherence between seasonal cycles of dimethyl sulphide, methanesulphonate and sulpate in marine air. Nature 349, 404-406.
5. Barrie, L. A. and Bottenheim, J. W. 1991. Sulphur and nitrogen pollution in the Arctic atmosphere. In: Pollution of the Arctic atmosphere (ed. W. Sturges), 334 pp. Elsevier, New York.
6. Bates, T. S., Lamb, B. K., Guenther, A., Dignon, J. and Stoiber, R. E. 1992. Sulfur emissions to the atmosphere from natural sources. J. Atmos. Chem. 14, 315-337.
7. Benkovitz, C. M., Scholtz, M. T., Pacyna, J., Tarrasón, L., Dignon, J., Voldner, E. C., Spiro, P. A., Logan, J. A. and Graedel, T. E. 1996. Global gridded inventories of anthropogenic emissions of sulfur and nitrogen. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 29239-29253.
8. Boucher, O. and Lohmann, U. 1995. The sulfate-CCN-cloud albedo effect. A sensitivity study with two general circulation models. Tellus 47B, 281-300.
9. Charlson, R. J., Langner, J., Rodhe, H., Leovy, C. B. and Warren, S. G. 1991. Perturbation of northern hemisphere radiative balance by backscattering from anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. Tellus 43A/B, 152-163.
10. Charlson, R. J., Schwartz, S. E., Hales, J. M., Cess, R. D., Coakley, J. A., Hansen, J. E. and Hofmann, D. J. 1992. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. Science 255, 423-430.
11. Chen, C.-T. and Roeckner, E. 1996. Validation of the Earth radiation budget as simulated by the Max Planck Institute of Meteorology general circulation model ECHAM4 using satellite observations of the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 4269-4278.
12. Chen, C.-T. and Roeckner, E. 1997. Cloud simulations with the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology general circulation model ECHAM4 and comparison with observations. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 9335-9350.
13. Chin, M., Jacob, D. J., Gardner, G. M., Foreman-Fowler, M., Spiro, P. A. and Savoie, D. L. 1996. A global three-dimensional model of tropospheric sulfate. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 18667-18690.
14. Chin, M. and Jacob, D. J. 1996. Anthropogenic and natural distributions to tropospheric sulfate: a global model analysis. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 18691-18699.
15. Choularton, T. W. et al. 1997. The Great Dun Fell cloud experiment 1993: an overview. Atmos. Environ. 31, 2393-2405.
16. Chuang, C. C., Penner, J. E., Taylor, K. E., Grossman, A. S. and Walton, J. J. 1997. An assessment of the radiative effects of anthropogenic sulfate. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 3761-3778.
17. Crutzen, P. J. and Zimmermann, P. H. 1991. The changing photochemistry of the troposphere. Tellus 43A/B, 136-151.
18. Dentener, F. J., Carmichael, G. R., Zhang, Y., Lelieveld, J. and Crutzen, P. J. 1996. The role of mineral aerosol as a reactive surface in the global troposphere. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 22869-22889.
19. EMEP Data Report 1986-1992, 1988-1994. Part 2: monthly and seasonal summaries. EMEP/CCC-Reports 7/88, 2/89, 5/90, 3/91, 3/92, 5/93, 5/94. Norwegian Institute For Air Research, Lillestrøm, Norway.
20. Feichter, J., Kjellström, E., Rodhe, H., Dentener, F., Lelieveld, J. and Roelofs, G. J. 1996. Simulation of the tropospheric sulfur cycle in a global climate model. Atmos. Environ. 30, 1693-1707.
21. Feichter, J., Lohmann, U. and Schult, I. 1997. The atmospheric sulfur cycle in ECHAM-4 and its impact on the shortwave radiation. Clim. Dyn. 13, 235-246.
22. Galloway, J. N., Savoie, D. L., Keene, W. C. and Prospero, J. M. 1993. The temporal and spatial variability of scavenging ratios for nss-sulfate, nitrate, methanesulfonate and sodium in the atmosphere over the North Atlantic Ocean. Atmos. Environ. 27A, 235-250.
23. Ganzeveld, L. N. and Lelieveld, J. 1995. Dry deposition parameterization in a chemistry - general circulation model and its influence on the distribution of chemically reactive trace gases. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 20999-21012.
24. Ganzeveld, L. N., Lelieveld, J. and Roelofs, G. J. 1998. A dry deposition parametrization for sulfur oxides in a chemistry-general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., in press.
25. Ghan, S. J., Leung, L. R., Easter, R. C. and Abdul-Razzak, H. 1997. Prediction of cloud droplet number in a general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 21777-21794.
26. Hao, W. M. and Liu, M. H. 1994. Spatial and temporal distribution of tropical biomass burning. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 8, 495-503.
27. Han, Q., Rossow, W. B. and Lacis, A. A. 1994. Near-global survey of effective droplet radii in liquid water clouds using ISCCP data. J. Climate 7, 465-497.
28. Haskins, R. D., Barnett, T. P., Tyree, M. M. and Roeckner, E. 1995. Comparison of cloud fields from atmospheric general circulation model, in situ and satellite measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 1367-1378.
29. Hicks, B. B., Baldocchi, D. D., Meyers, T. P., Hosker, R. P. Jr. and Matt, D. R. 1987. A preliminary multiple resistance routine for deriving dry deposition velocities from measured quantities. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 36, 311-330.
30. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC 1996. Climate change 1995, edited by J. T. Houghton, L. G. Meira Filho, B. A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 65-130.
31. 222Rn and other short-lived tracers. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 5953-5970.
32. Jones, A., Roberts, D. L. and Slingo, A. 1994. A climate model study of the indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. Nature 370, 450-453.
33. Jones, A. and Slingo, A. 1996. Predicting cloud-droplet effective radius and indirect sulphate aerosol forcing using a general circulation model. Q. J. R Meteorol. Soc. 122, 1573-1595.
34. Kasibhatla, P., Chameides, W. L. and John, J. St. 1997. A three-dimensional global model investigation of seasonal variations in the atmospheric burden of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 3737-3760.
35. Kiehl, J. T. and Briegleb, B. P. 1993. The relative roles of sulfate aerosols and greenhouse gases in climate forcing. Science 260, 311-314.
36. Langner, J. and Rodhe, H. 1991. A global three-dimensional model of the global sulfur cycle. J. Atmos. Chem. 13, 225-236.
37. Lelieveld, J., Roelofs, G. J., Ganzeveld, L., Feichter, J. and Rodhe, H. 1997. Terrestrial sources and distribution of atmospheric sulphur. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 352, 149-158.
38. Li, S.-M. and Barrie, L. A. 1993. Biogenic sulfur aerosol in the Arctic troposphere: 1. Contributions to total sulfate. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 20613-20622.
39. Lohmann, U. and Feichter, J. 1997. Impact of sulfate aerosols in albedo and lifetime of clouds: a sensitivity study with the ECHAM4 GCM. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 13685-13700.
40. Martin, G. M., Johnson D. W. and Spice, A. 1994. The measurement and parameterisation of effective radius of droplets in warm stratocumulus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 51, 1823-1842.
41. Mason, B. J. 1971. The physics of clouds, Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 593-613.
42. O'Dowd, C. D. and Smith, M. H. 1993. Physico-chemical properties of aerosol over the northeast Atlantic: evidence for wind speed related sub-micron sea-salt aerosol production. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 1132-1136.
43. O'Dowd, C. D. Smith, M. H., Consterdine, I. E. and Lowe, J. A. 1997. Marine aerosol, seasalt, and the marine sulphur cycle: a short review. Atmos. Environ. 31, 73-80.
44. Penner, J. E., Atherton, C. S. and Graedel, T. E. 1994. Global emissions and models of photochemically active compounds. In: Global atmospheric biospheric chemistry, edited by R. G. Prinn. Plenum, New York, pp. 223-247.
45. Pham, M., Müller, J.-F., Brasseur G. P., Granier, C. and Mégie, G. 1995. A three-dimensional study of the tropospheric sulfur cycle. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 26061-26092.
46. Prospero, J., Savoie, D. L., Arimoto, R., Olafsson, H. and Hjartarson, H. 1995. Sources of aerosol nitrate and non-sea-salt sulfate in the Iceland region. Sci. Total Environ. 160/161, 181-191.
47. Pruppacher, H. R. and Klett, J. D. 1978. Microphysics of clouds and precipitation, D. Reidel, 714 pp.
48. Rasch, P. J. and Williamson, D. 1990. Computational aspects of moisture transport in global models of the atmosphere. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc: 116, 1071-1090.
49. Roeckner, E., Rieland, M. and Keup, E. 1991. Modelling of clouds and radiation in the ECHAM model. In: ECMWF/WCRP Workshop on clouds, radiative transfer and the hydrological cycle. ECMWF, 199-222.
50. Roeckner, E., Siebert, T. and Feichter, J. 1995. Climatic response to anthropogenic sulfate forcing simulated with a general circulation model. In: Aersol forcing of climate (ed. R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg). John Wiley and Sons, New York, 349-362.
51. Roeckner, E., Arpe, K., Bengtsson, L., Christoph, M., Claussen, M., Dümenil, L., Esch, M., Giorgetta, M., Schlese, U. and Schulzweida, U. 1996. Simulation of the present-day climate with the ECHAM model: Impact of model physics and resolution. Report no. 218. Max-Planck-Institute for Meterology, Hamberg, Germany.
52. Roelofs, G. J. 1992. On the drop and aerosol size dependendence of aqueous phase sulfate formation in a continental cumulus cloud. Atmos. Environ. 26A, 2309-2321.
53. Roelofs, G. J. 1993. A cloud chemistry sensitivity study and comparison of explicit and bulk cloud model performance. Atmos. Environ. 27A, 2255-2264.
54. 3 in the troposphere calculated with a chemistry - general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res. 100, 20983-20998.
55. 3 levels. Tellus 49B, 38-55.
56. Savoie, D. L., Prospero, J. M. Larsen, R. J. Huang, F., Isaguirre, M., Huang, T., Snowdon, T. H., Custals, L. and Sanderson, C. G. 1993. Nitrogen and sulfur species in Antarctic aerosols at Mawson, Palmer Station, and marsh (King George Island). J. Atmos. Chem. 17, 95-122.
57. Savoie, D. L., Prospero, J. M., Arimoto, R. and Duce, R. A. 1994. Non-sea-salt sulfate and methanesulfonate at American Samoa. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 3587-3596.
58. Schwartz, S. E. 1986. Mass transport considerations pertinent to aqueous phase reactions of gases in liquid water clouds. In: Multiphase atmospheric chemistry (ed. W. Jaeschke). Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 415-471.
59. 2: re-examination in the light of new data. Atmos. Environ. 22, 2491-2499.
60. Scott, B. C. 1978. Parameterization of sulfate removal by precipitation. J. Appl. Meteor. 17, 1375-1389.
61. Shaw, R. W. and Paur, R. J. 1983. Measurements of sulfur in gases and particles during sixteen months in the Ohio River Valley. Atmos. Environ. 17, 1431-1438.
62. Spiro, P. A., Jacob, D. J. and Logan, J. A. 1992. Global inventory of sulfur emissions with 1° × 1°resolution. J. Geophys. Res. 97, 6023-6036.
63. Sundqvist, H. 1978. A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 104, 677-690.
64. Tiedtke, M. 1989. A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parametrization in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev. 117, 1779-1800.
65. Twomey, S. 1974. Pollution and the planetary albedo. Atmos. Environ. 8, 1251-1256.