Existence and theoretical aspects of homomeric and heteromeric dopamine receptor complexes and their relevance for neurological diseases

NeuroMolecular Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue 1-2, 2005, Pages 61-78

  Agnati, Luigi Francesco ^a   Ferre, Sergi ^b   Burioni, Raffaella ^c   Woods, Amina ^b   Genedani, Susanna ^a   Franco, Rafael ^d   Fuxe, Kjell ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MODENA AND REGGIO EMILIA   (Italy)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PARMA   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BARCELONA   (Spain)

^e KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Basal ganglia; Dopamine heteromers; Dopamine homomers; Enthalpy; Entropy; Free energy landscape; Receptor mosaic; Receptor oligomerization; Receptor receptor interactions

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID A RECEPTOR; 4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR; ALPHA AMINO 3 HYDROXY 5 METHYL 4 ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; DOPAMINE 3 RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR 5; GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR AGONIST; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; HORMONE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; POTASSIUM; SOMATOSTATIN RECEPTOR 5 AGONIST; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

BASAL GANGLION; BRAIN TEMPERATURE; CELL STRAIN HEK293; CHO CELL; DRUG DEPENDENCE; ENTROPY; FEBRILE CONVULSION; GEOMETRY; HUMAN; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; OLIGOMERIZATION; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 24644507172     PISSN: 15351084     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1385/nmm:7:1-2:061     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. Aarts M., Liu Y., Liu L., et al. (2002) Treatment of ischemic brain damage by perturbing NMDA receptor-PSD-95 protein interactions. Science 298, 846-850.
2. Agnati L. F., Ferré S., Lluis C., Franco R., and Fuxe K. (2003) Molecular mechanisms and therapeutical implications of intramembrane receptor/receptor interactions among heptahelical receptors with examples from the stria to pallidal GABA neurons. Pharmacol. Rev. 55, 509-550
3. Agnati L. F., Fuxe K., Zini I., Lenzi P., and Hökfelt T. (1980) Aspects on receptor regulation and isoreceptor identification. Med. Biol. 58, 182-187.
4. Agnati L. F., Fuxe K., Zoli M., Rondanini C., and Ögren S. O. (1982) New vistas on synaptic plasticity: mosaic hypothesis on the engram. Med. Biol. 60, 183-190.
5. Agnati L. F. and Fuxe K. (2000) Volume transmission as a key feature of information handling in the central nervous system. Possible new interpretative value of the Turing's B-type machine. Prog Brain Res. 125, 3-19.
6. Agnati L. F., Genedani S., Lenzi P. L., Leo G., Ferré S., and Fuxe K. (2004a) Energy gradients for the homeostatic control of the ECF composition and for VT signal migration. J. Neural. Transm.
7. Agnati L. F., Leo G., Vergoni A. V., et al. (2004b) Neuroprotective effect of L-DOPA co-administered with the adenosine A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 in an animal model of Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. Bull. 64, 155-164.
8. Agnati L. F., Santarossa L., Genedani S., et al. (2004c) On the nested hierarchical organization of CNS: basic characteristics of neuronal molecular networks, In: Erdi P., Esposito A., Marinaro M., and Scarpetta S. (eds.), Computational Neuroscience: Cortical Dynamics. Lecture Notes in Computer Sciences, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer, pp. 24-54.
9. Agnati L. F., Fuxe K., and Ferré S. (2005a) How receptor mosaics decode transmitter signals. Possible relevance of cooperativity. Trends Biochem. Sci. 30, 188-193.
10. Agnati L. F., Tarakanov A., Ferré S., and Fuxe K. (2005b) Receptor-receptor interactions, receptor mosaics and basic principles of molecular network organization: possible implications for drug development. J. Mol. Neurosci. (in press).
11. Aizman O., Brismar H., Uhlen P., et al. (2000) Anatomical and physiological evidence for D1 and D2 dopamine receptor colocalization in neostriatal neurons. Nat. Neurosci. 3, 226-230.
12. Armstrong D. and Strange P. G. (2001) Dopamine D2 receptor dimer formation: evidence from ligand binding. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 22,621-22,629.
13. Bara-Jimenez W., Sherzai A., Dimitrova T., et al. (2003) Adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurology 61, 293-296.
14. Baulac S., Gourfinkel-An I., Nabbout R., et al. (2004) Fever, genes and epilepsy. Lancet Neurol. 3, 421-430.
15. Beaulieu J. M., Sotnikova T. D., Yao W. D., et al. (2004) Lithium antagonizes dopamine-dependent behaviors mediated by an AKT/glycogen synthase kinase 3 signaling cascade. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 5099-5104.
16. Berger M. A., Defagot M. C., Villar M. J., and Antonelli M. C. (2001) D4 dopamine and metabotropic glutamate receptors in cerebral cortex and striaturn in rat brain. Neurochem. Res. 26, 345-352.
17. 2+ connection in dopamine signaling. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 486-492.
18. Binda A. V., Kabbani N., Lin R., and Levenson R. (2002) D2 and D3 dopamine receptor cell surface localization mediated by interaction with protein 4.1N. Mol. Pharmacol. 62, 507-513.
19. Bockaert J., Roussignol G., Becamel C., et al. (2004) GPCR-interacting proteins (GIPs): nature and functions. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 32, 851-855.
20. Bordet R., Ridray S., Schwartz J. C., and Sokoloff P. (2000) Involvement of the direct striatonigral pathway in levodopa-induced sensitization in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12, 2117-2123.
21. Borea P. A., Dalpiaz A., Varani K., Gilli P., and Gilli G. (2000) Can thermodynamics measurements of receptor binding yield information on drug affinity and efficacy? Biochem. Pharmacol. 60, 1549-1556.
22. Borgan A. U. and Thorn K. S. (1998) Anatomy of hot spots in protein interfaces. J. Mol. Biol. 3, 1-9.
23. Bouvier M. (2001) Oligomerization of G protein-coupled transmitter receptors. Nat. Neurosci. 2, 274-286.
24. Burioni R., Cassi D., Cecconi F., and Vulpiani A. (2004) Topological thermal instability and length of proteins. Proteins 55, 529-535.
25. Canals M., Marcellino D., Fanelli F., et al. (2003) Adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor-receptor heteromerization: qualitative and quantitative assessment by fluorescence and bioluminescence energy transfer. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 46,741-46, 749.
26. Carlsson M. L., Carlsson A., and Nilsson M. (2004) Schizophrenia: from dopamine to glutamate and back. Curr. Med. Chem. 11, 267-277.
27. Cepeda C., Hurts R. S., Altemus K. L., et al. (2001) Facilitated glutamatergic transmission in the striatum of D2 dopamine receptor-deficient mice. J. Neurophysiol. 85, 659-670.
28. Chen K., Baram T. Z., and Soltesz I. (1999) Febrile seizures in the developing brain result in persistent modification of neuronal excitability in limbic circuits. Nat. Med. 5, 888-894.
29. Ciruela F., Burgueno J., Casado V., et al. (2004) Combining mass spectrometry and pull-down techniques for the study of receptor heteromerization. Direct epitope-epitope electrostatic interactions between adenosine A2Aand dopamine D2 receptors. Anal. Chem. 76, 5354-5363.
30. Dai R., Xiao M. K., Ali K., and Bergson C. (2004) Worked on multiple sites of action for calcyon in potentiating the crosstalk between Gq-coupled GPCRs and the D1 dopamine receptor. Wenner-Gren International Symposium, receptor-receptor interactions among heptaspanning membrane receptors: from structure to function, Stockholm (abstract).
31. Dal Toso R., Sommer B., Ewert M., et al. (1989) The dopamine D2 receptor: two molecular forms generated by alternative splicing. EMBO J. 8, 4025-4034.
32. 1 receptor agonism: a thermodynamic analysis. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 448, 123-131.
33. Daniel R. M., Danson M. J., and Eisenthal R. (2001) The temperature optima of enzymes: a new perspective on an old phenomenon. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26, 223-225.
34. Dunah A. W. and Standaert D. G. (2001) Dopamine D1 receptor-dependent trafficking of striatal NMDA glutamate receptors to the postsynaptic membrane. J. Neurosci. 21, 5546-5558.
35. Elmhurst J. L., Xie Z., O'Dowd B. F., and George S. R. (2000) The splice variant D3nf reduces ligand binding to the D3 dopamine receptor: evidence for heterooligomerization. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 80, 63-74.
36. Emilien G., Maloteaux J. M., Geurts M., Hoogenberg K., and Cragg S. (1999) Dopamine receptors-physiological understanding to therapeutic intervention potential. Pharmacol. Ther. 84, 133-156.
37. Fenimore P. W., Frauenfelder H., McMahon B., and Parak F. G. (2002) Slaving: solvent fluctuations dominate protein dynamics and functions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 25, 16,047-16,051.
38. Ferré S., Ciruela F., Woods A. S., et al. (2003) Glutamate mGlu5-adenosine A2A-dopamine D2 receptor interactions in the striatum. Implications for drug therapy in neuropsychiatric disorders and drug abuse. Curr. Med. Chem. Cent. Nerv. Syst. Agents 33, 1-26.
39. Ferré S., Fredholm B. B., Morelli M., Popoli P., and Fuxe K. (1997) Adenosine-dopamine receptor-receptor interactions as an integrative mechanism in the basal ganglia. Trends Neurosci. 20, 482-487.
40. Ferré S., Herrera-Marschitz M., Grabowska-Andén M., Ungerstedt U., Casas M., and Andén N. E. (1991) Postsynaptic dopamine/adenosine interaction: I. Adenosine analogues inhibit a D-2 mediated behaviour in short-term reserpinized mice. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 192, 25-30.
41. Ferré S., Karcz-Kubicha M., Hope B. T., et al. (2002) Synergistic interaction between adenosine A2A and glutamate mGlu5 receptors: implications for striatal neuronal function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 11,940-11,945.
42. Ferré S., O'Connor W. T., Snaprud P., Ungerstedt U., and Fuxe K. (1994a) Antagonistic interaction between adenosine A2Aand dopamine D2 receptors in the ventral striopallidal system. Implications for the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuroscience 63, 765-773.
43. Ferré S., Popoli P., Giménez-Llort L., et al. (1994b) Postsynaptic antagonistic interaction between adenosine A1 and dopamine D1 receptors. Neuroreport 6, 73-76.
44. Ferré S., Popoli P., Giménez-Llort L., et al. (2001) Adenosine/dopamine interaction: implications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 7, 235-241.
45. Ferré S., Popoli P., Rimondini R., Reggio R., Kehr J., and Fuxe K. (1999a) Adenosine A2A and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors synergistically modulate the binding characteristics of dopamine D2 receptors in the rat striatum. Neuropharmacology 39, 129-140.
46. Ferré S., Rimondini R., Popoli P., et al. (1999b) Stimulation of adenosine A1 receptors attenuates dopamine D1 receptor-mediated increase of NGFI-A, c-fos and jun-B mRNA levels in the dopamine-denervated striatum and dopamine D1 receptor-mediated turning behaviour. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 3884-3892.
47. Fiorentini C., Gardoni F., Spano P. F., Di Luca M., and Missale C. (2003) Regulation of dopamine D1 receptor traffiking and desensitization by oligomerization with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 20,196-20, 202.
48. Flores-Hernandez J., Cepeda C., Hernandez-Echeagaray E., et al. (2002) Dopamine enhancement of NMDA currents in dissociated medium-sized striatal neurons: role of D1 receptors and DARPP-32. J. Neurophysiol. 88, 3010-3020.
49. Flores-Hernandez J., Hernandez S., Snyder G. L., et al. (2000) D1 dopamine receptor activation reduces GABA A receptor currents in neostriatal neurons through a PKA/DARPP-32/PP1 signaling cascade. J. Neurophysiol. 83, 2996-3004.
50. Fotiadis D., Liang Y., Filipek S., Saperstein D. A., Engel A., and Palczewski K. (2003) Atomic-force microscopy: rhodopsin dimers in native disc membranes. Nature 421, 127-128.
51. Franco R., Ferré S., Agnati L., et al. (2000) Evidence for adenosine/dopamine receptor interactions: indications for heteromerization. Neuropsychopharmacology 23, S50-S59.
52. Franco R., Ferré S., Torvinen M., et al. (2001) Adenosine/dopamine receptor-receptor interactions in the central nervous system. Drug Develop. Res. 52, 296-302.
53. Frauenfelder H. and McMahon B. (1998) Dynamics and function of proteins: The search of general concepts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 4795-4797.
54. Frauenfelder H., Sligar S. G., and Wolyenes P. G. (1991) The energy landscape and motions of proteins. Science 254, 1598-1603.
55. Fuxe K. and Agnati L. F. (1985) Receptor-receptor interactions in the central nervous system. A new integrative mechanism in synapses. Med. Res. Rev. 5, 441-482.
56. Fuxe K., Agnati L. F., Jacobsen K., et al. (2003a) Receptor heteromerization in adenosine A2A receptor signaling: relevance for striatal function and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 61, S19-S23.
57. Fuxe K., Celani M. F., Martire M., Zini I., Zoli M., and Agnati L. F. (1984) I-Glutamate reduces the affinity of 3H-N-propylnorapomorphine binding sites in striatal membranes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 100, 127-130.
58. Fuxe K., Ferré S., Woods A., et al. (2003b) Novel strategies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Focus on receptor-receptor interactions in the basal ganglia, In: Ker J., Fuxe K., Ungerstedt U., and Svensson T. H. (eds.), Monitoring Molecules in Neuroscience. Stockholm, Sweden: Karolinska University Press.
59. Fuxe K., Ferré S., Zoli M., and Agnati L. F. (1998) Integrated events in central dopamine transmission as analyzed at multiple levels. Evidence for intramembrane adenosine A2A/dopamine D2 and adenosine A1 /dopamine D1 receptor interactions in the basal ganglia. Brain Res. Rev. 26, 258-273.
60. George S. R., O'Dowd B. F., and Lee S. P. (2002) G protein-coupled receptor oligomerization and its potential for drug discovery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 1, 808-820.
61. Ginés S., Hillion J., Torvinen M., et al. (2000) Dopamine D1 and adenosine A1 receptors assemble into functionally interacting heteromeric complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97, 8606-8611.
62. Girault J. A. and Greengard P. (2004) The neurobiology of dopamine signaling. Arch. Neurol. 61, 641-644.
63. Gouldson P. R., Higgs C., Smith R. E., Dean M. K., Gkoutos G. V., and Reynolds C. A. (2000) Dimerization and domain swapping in G protein-coupled receptors: a computational study. Neuropsychopharmacology 23, 60-77.
64. Gouldson P. R., Snell C. R., Bywater R. P., Higgs C., and Reynolds C. A. (1998) Domain swapping in G protein coupled receptor dimers. Protein Eng. 11, 1181-1193.
65. Greengard P., Nairn A. C., Girault J. A., et al. (1998) The DARPP-32/protein phosphatase-1 cascade: a model for signal integration. Brain Res. Rev. 26, 274-284.
66. Guo W., Shi L., and Javitch J. A. (2003) The fourth transmembrane segment forms the interface of the dopamine D2 receptor homodimer. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 4385-4388.
67. Hillion J., Canals M., Torvinen M., et al. (2002) Coaggregation, cointernalization and codesensitization of adenosine A2A receptors and dopamine D2 receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 18,091-18,097.
68. Horvath T. L., Warden H., Hajos M., Lombardi A., Goglia F., and Diano S. (1999) Brain uncoupling protein 2: uncoupled neuronal mitochondria predict thermal synapses in homeostatic centres. J. Neurosci. 19, 10,417-10,427.
69. Kamiya T., Saitoh O., Yoshioka K., and Nakata H. (2003) Oligomerization of adenosine A2A and dopamine D2 receptors in living cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 306, 544-549.
70. Karplus M. and McCammon J. (1983) Dynamics of proteins: Elements and functions. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 53, 263-300.
71. Kenakin T. (1996) Receptor conformational induction versus selection: all part of the same energy landscape. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 17, 190-191.
72. Khan Z. U., Mrzijak L., Gutierrez A., de la Calle A., and Goldman-Rakic P. S. (1998) Prominence of the dopamine D2 short isoform in dopaminergic pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 7731-7736.
73. Kiyatkin E. A., Brown P. L., and Wise R. A. (2002) Brain temperature fluctuation: a reflection of functional neural activation. J. Neurosci. 16, 164-168.
74. Kortemme T. and Baker D. (2002) A simple physical model for binding energy hot spots in protein-protein complexes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 14,116-14,121.
75. Koshland D. E. and Hamadani K. (2002) Proteomics and models for enzyme cooperativity. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 46,841-46,844.
76. Krucek J., Dittert I., Hendrych T., et al. (2004) Activation and modulation of ligand-gated ion channels. Physiol. Res. 53(Suppl 1), S103-S113.
77. Lavine N., Ethier N., Oak J. N., et al. (2002) G protein-coupled receptors form stable complexes with inwardly rectifying potassium channels and adenylyl cyclase. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 46,010-46,019.
78. Le Moine C. and Bloch B. (1996) Expression of the D3 dopamine receptor in peptideric neurons of the nucleus accumbens: comparison with the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. Neuroscience 73, 131-143.
79. Lee S. P., O'Dowd B. F., and George S. R. (2003a) Homo-and hetero-oligomerization of G protein-coupled receptors. Life Sci. 74, 173-180.
80. Lee S. P., O'Dowd B. F., Rajaram R. D., Nguyen T., and George S. R. (2003b) D2 dopamine receptor homodimerization is mediated by multiple sites of interaction, including an intermolecular interaction involving transmembrane domain 4. Biochemistry 42, 11,023-11,031.
81. Lee S. P., So C. H., Rashid A. J., et al. (2004) Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor co-activation generates a novel phospholipase C-mediated calcium signal. J. Biol. Chem. 279, 35,671-35,678.
82. Lee S. P., Xie Z., Varghese G., Nguyen T., O'Dowd B. F., and George S. R. (2000) Oligomerization of dopamine and serotonin receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 23, S32-S40.
83. Lee F. J., Xue S., Pei L., et al. (2002) Dual regulation of NMDA receptor functions by direct protein-protein interactions with tha dopamine D1 receptor. Cell 111, 219-230.
84. Li M., Bermak J. C., Wang Z. W., and Zhou Q. Y. (2000) Modulation of dopamine D(2) receptor signaling by actin-binding protein (ABP-280). Mol. Pharmacol. 57, 446-452.
85. Limbird L. E., Meyts P. D., and Lefkowitz R. J. (1975) Beta-adrenergic receptors: evidence for negative cooperativity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 64, 1160-1168.
86. Lin R., Karpa K., Kabbani N., Goldman-Rakic P. S., and Levenson R. (2001) Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors are linked to the actin cytoskeleton via interaction with filamin A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 5258-5263.
87. Liu F., Wan Q., Pristupa Z. B., Yu X. M., Wang Y. T., and Niznik H. B. (2000) Direct protein-protein coupling enables cross-talk between dopamine D5 and γ-aminobutyric acid A receptors. Nature 403, 274-280.
88. Lohse M. J. (1999) G protein and their regulators. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 360, 3, 4.
89. Maggio R., Scarselli M., Novi F., Millan M. J., and Corsini G. U. (2003) Potent activation of dopamine D3/D2 heterodimers by the antiparkinsionan agents, S32504, promipexole and ropinirole. J. Neurochem. 87, 631-641.
90. A receptor heteromerization. A mechanism to regulate synaptic weight. Wenner-Gren International Symposium, receptor-receptor interactions among heptaspanning membrane receptors: from structure to function, Stockholm (abstract).
91. Marshall F. H. (2001) Heterodimerization of G protein coupled receptors in the CNS. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 1, 40-44.
92. Melchionna S., Briganti G., Londei P., and Cammarano P. (2004) Water induced effects on the thermal response of a protein. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 158, 101-158,104.
93. Milligan G. and White J. H. (2001) Protein-protein interactions at G protein-coupled receptors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 22, 513-518.
94. Missale C., Nash S. R., Robinson S. W., Jaber M., and Caron M. G. (1998) Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol. Rev. 78, 189-225.
95. Neve K. A., Seamans J. K., and Trantham-Davidson H. (2004) Dopamine receptor signaling. J. Recep. Signal. Transduct. Res. 24, 165-205.
96. Ng G. Y., Mouillac B., George S. R., et al. (1994a) Desensitization, phosphorylation and palmitoylation of the human dopamine D1 receptor. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 267, 7-19.
97. Ng G. Y., O'Dowd B. F., Caron M., Dennis M., Brann M. R., and George S. R. (1994b) Phosphorylation and palmitoylation of the human D2L dopamine receptor in Sf9 cells. J. Neurochem. 63, 1589-1595.
98. Nimchinsky E. A., Hof P. R., Janssen W. G., Morrison J. H., and Schmauss C. (1997) Expression of dopamine D3 receptor dimers and tetramers in brain an in transfected cells. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 29,229-29,237.
99. Pei L., Lee F. J. S., Moszezynsak A., Vukusic B., and Liu F. (2004) Regulation of dopamine D1 receptor function by physical interaction with the NMDA receptors. J. Neurosci. 24, 1149-1158.
100. Pérez de la Mora M., Ferré S., and Fuxe K. (1997) GABA-dopamine receptor-receptor interactions in neostriatal membranes of the rat. Neurochem. Res. 22, 1051-1054.
101. Popoli P., Pezzola A., Torvinen M., et al. (2001) The selective mGlu(5) receptor agonist CHPG inhibits quinpirole-induced turning in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats and modulates the binding characteristics of dopamine D(2) receptors in the rat striatum: interactions with adenosine A(2a) receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 25, 505-513.
102. Prince R. J. and Simmonds M. A. (1992) Temperature and anion dependence of allosteric interactions at the gamma-aminobutyric acid-benzodiazepine receptor. Biochem. Pharmacol. 44, 1297-1302.
103. Rimondini R., Ferré S., Gimenez-Llort L., Ogren S. O., and Fuxe K. (1998) Differential effects of selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor agonists on dopamine receptor agonist-induced behavioural responses in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 347, 153-158.
104. Rimondini R., Ferré S., Ogren S. O., and Fuxe K. (1997) Adenosine A2A agonists: a potential new type of atypical antipsychotic. Neuropsychopharmacology 17, 82-91.
105. Rivera A., Alberti I., Martin A. B., Narviiez J. A., de la Calle A., and Moratalla R. (2002a) Molecular phenotype of rat striatal neurons expressing the dopamine D5 receptor subtype. Eur. J. Neurosci. 16, 1-10.
106. Rivera A., Cuellar B., Giron F. J., Grandy D. K., de la Calle A., and Moratalla R. (2002b) Dopamine D4 receptors are heterogeneously distributed in the striosomes/matrix compartments of the striatum. J. Neurochem. 80, 219-229.
107. Rocheville M., Lange D. C., Kumar U., Sasi R., Patel R. C., and Patel Y. C. (2000) Subtypes of the somatostatin receptor assemble as functional homo- and heterodimers. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 7862-7869.
108. Saiardi A., Abdel Samad T., Ricetti R., Bozzi Y., Baik J. H., and Borrelli E. (1998) The physiological role of dopamine D2 receptors. Adv. Pharmacol. 42, 521-524.
109. Scamans J. K., Gorelova N., Durstewitz D., and Yang C. R. (2001) Bidirectional dopamine modulation of GABAergic inhibition in prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons. J. Neurosci. 21, 3628-3638.
110. Scarselli M., Novi F., Schallmach E., et al. (2001) D2/D3 dopamine receptor heterodimers exhibit unique functional properties. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 30, 308-30,314.
111. Schwartz J. C., Diaz J., Pilon C., and Sokoloff P. (2000) Possible implications of the dopamine D(3) receptor in schizophrenia and in antipsychotic drug actions. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 31, 277-287.
112. Scott D. B., Blanpied T. A., Swanson G. T., Zhang C., and Ehlers M. D. (2001) An NMDA receptor ER retention signal regulated by phosphorylation and alternative splicing. J. Neurosci. 21, 3063-3072.
113. Sibley et al. (2004) Dopamine receptor interactions with structural and scaffolding proteins. Wenner-Gren International Symposium, receptor-receptor interactions among heptaspanning membrane receptors: from structure to function, Stockholm (abstract.).
114. Smith F. D., Oxford G. S., and Milgram S. L. (1999) Association of dopamine D2 receptor third cytoplasmic loop with spinophilin, a protein phosphatase-1-interacting protein. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 19,894-19,900.
115. Snyder G. L., Fienberg A. A., Huganir R. L., and Greengard P. (1998) A dopamine/D1 receptor/protein kinase A/dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein (M, 32 kDa)/protein phosphatase-1 pathway regulates dephosphorylation of the NMDA receptor. J. Neurosci. 18, 10,297-10,303.
116. Tanganelli S., Sandager Nielsen K., Ferraro L., et al. (2004) Striatal plasticity at the network level. Focus on adenosine A2A and D2 interactions in models of Parkinson's Disease. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 10, 273-280.
117. Terrillon S. and Bouvier M. (2004) Roles of G protein-coupled receptor dimerization. EMBO Rep. 5, 30-34.
118. 1 receptors in stably cotransfected fibroblast cells and neurons. Neuroscience 113, 709-719.
119. Torvinen M., Marcellino D., Canals M., et al. (2004) Adenosine A2A receptor and dopamine D3 receptor interactions: evidence of functional A2A/D3 heteromeric complexes. Mol. Pharmacol. 67, 400-407.
120. Vyklicky L., Jr., Benveniste M., and Mayer M. L. (1990) Modulation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor desensitization by glycine in mouse cultured hippocampal neurones. J. Physiol. 428, 313-331.
121. Wang (2002) Dopamine D5/GABA-A heteromerization - a mechanism to regulate synaptic weight. CINP 2002 (abstract, ref nr: 901).
122. Wang Q., Liu L., Pei L., et al. (2003) Control of synaptic strength, a novel function of Akt. Neuron 38, 915-928.
123. Williams D. H., O'Brien D. P., Sandercock A. M., and Stephens E. (2004) Order changes within receptor systems upon ligand binding: receptor tightening/oligomerisation and the interpretation of binding parameters. J. Mol. Biol. 340, 373-383.
124. Woods A. S., Ciruela F., Fuxe K., et al. (2004) The role of electrostatic interaction in receptor-receptor heteromerization. J. Mol. Neurosci.
125. Yablonskiy D. A., Ackerman J. J., and Raichle M. E. (2000) Coupling between changes in human brain temperature and oxidative metabolism during prolonged visual stimulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 7603-7608.
126. Yao W.-D., Gainetdinov R. R., Arbuckle M. I., et al. (2004) Identification of PSD-95 as a regulator of dopamine-mediated synaptic and behavioral plasticity. Neuron 41, 625-638.