Dendritic epidermal T-cell activation

Critical Reviews in Immunology

Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 1-17

  Sharp, Leslie L ^a   Jameson, Julie M ^a   Witherden, Deborah A ^a   Komori, H Kiyomi ^a   Havran, Wendy L ^a  

^a SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Intraepithelial lymphocyte; Tissue resident; V 3

Indexed keywords

T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR;

CELL COMPARTMENTALIZATION; DENDRITIC CELL; EPIDERMIS CELL; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOMODULATION; LUNG; LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; SKIN; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION;

ANIMALS; EPIDERMIS; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, ALPHA-BETA; RECEPTORS, ANTIGEN, T-CELL, GAMMA-DELTA; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 19544387012     PISSN: 10408401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1615/CritRevImmunol.v25.i1.10     Document Type: Review

References (139)

1. van der Vliet HJ, Molling JW, von Blomberg BM, Nishi N, Kolgen W, van den Eertwegh AJ, et al. The immunoregulatory role of CD1d-restricted natural killer T cells in disease. Clin Immunol 2004; 112(1):8-23.
2. Hayday A, Tigelaar R. Immunoregulation in the tissues by γδ T cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2003; 3(3):233-42.
3. Carding SR, Egan PJ. γδ T cells: functional plasticity and heterogeneity. Nat Rev Immunol 2002; 2(5):336-45.
4. Hayday AC. γδ cells: a right time and a right place for a conserved third way of protection. Annu Rev Immunol 2000; 18:975-1026.
5. Garman RD, Doherty PJ, Raulet DH. Diversity, rearrangement, and expression of murine T cell γ genes. Cell 1986; 45:733-42.
6. Havran WL. A role for epithelial γδ T cells in tissue repair. Immunol Res 2000; 21(2-3):63-9.
7. Jameson J, Witherden D, Havran WL. T-cell effector mechanisms: γδ and CD1d-restricted subsets. Curr Opin Immunol 2003; 15(3):349-53.
8. Bos JD, Teunissen MB, Cairo I, Krieg SR, Kapsenberg ML, Das PK, et al. T-cell receptor γδ bearing cells in normal human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 94(1):37-42.
9. Elbe A, Foster CA, Stingl G. T-cell receptor αβ and γδ T cells in rat and human skin - are they equivalent? Semin Immunol 1996; 8(6):341-9.
10. Dupuy P, Heslan M, Fraitag S, Hercend T, Dubertret L, Bagot M. T-cell receptor-γ/δ bearing lymphocytes in normal and inflammatory human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1990; 94(6):764-8.
11. Uyemura K, Deans RJ, Band H, Ohmen J, Panchamoorthy G, Morita CT, et al. Evidence for clonal selection of γ/δ T cells in response to a human pathogen. J Exp Med 1991; 174(3):683-92.
12. Alaibac M, Morris J, Chu AC. γδ T-cells in human cutaneous immunology. Int J Clin Lab Res 1997; 27(3):158-64.
13. Holtmeier W, Pfander M, Hennemann A, Zollner TM, Kaufmann R, Caspary WF. The TCR-δ repertoire in normal human skin is restricted and distinct from the TCR-δ repertoire in the peripheral blood. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116(2):275-80.
14. Holtmeier W, Pfander M, Zollner TM, Kaufmann R, Caspary WF. Distinct TCRδ repertoires are present in the cutaneous lesions and inflamed duodenum of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. Exp Dermatol 2002; 11(6):527-31.
15. Rock EP, Sibbald PR, Davis MM, Chien Y-H. CDR3 length in antigen-specific immune receptors. J Exp Med 1994; 179:323-28.
16. Wilson I, Stanfield R. Unraveling the mysteries of γδ T cell recognition. Nat Immunol 2001; 2(7):579-81.
17. Chien YH, Jores R, Crowley MP. Recognition by γ/δ T cells. Annu Rev Immunol 1996; 14:511-32.
18. Allison TJ, Winter CC, Fournie JJ, Bonneville M, Garboczi DN. Structure of a human γδ T-cell antigen receptor. Nature 2001; 411(6839):820-4.
19. Allison TJ, Garboczi DN. Structure of γδ T cell receptors and their recognition of non-peptide antigens. Mol Immunol 2002; 38(14):1051-61.
20. Haas W, Pereira P, Tonegawa S. γ/δ cells. Annu Rev Immunol 1993; 11:637-85.
21. Lang F, Peyrat MA, Constant P, Davodeau F, David-Ameline J, Poquet Y, et al. Early activation of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cell broad cytotoxicity and TNF production by nonpeptidic mycobacterial ligands. J Immunol 1995; 154:5986-94.
22. Morita CT, Beckman EM, Bukowski JF, Tanaka Y, Band H, Bloom BR, et al. Direct presentation of nonpeptide prenyl pyrophosphate antigens to human γδ T cells. Immunity 1995; 3(4):495-507.
23. + T cells by keratinocytes treated with contact sensitizers. J Immuonol 1995; 155:2888-94.
24. Boismenu R, Havran WL. γδ T cells in host defense and epithelial cell biology. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1998; 86(2):121-33.
25. Havran WL, Chien Y-H, Allison JP. Recognition of self antigens by skin-derived T cells with invariant δ/γ antigen receptors. Science 1991; 252:1430-32.
26. Seo SJ, Lahn M, Cady C, Vollmer M, O'Brien RL, Born WK, et al. Activation of murine epidermal Vγ5/Vδ1-TCR(+) T cell lines by Glu-Tyr polypeptides. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 116(6):880-5.
27. Cady CT, Lahn M, Vollmer M, Tsuji M, Seo SJ, Reardon CL, et al. Response of murine γ δ T cells to the synthetic polypeptide poly-Glu50Tyr50. J Immunol 2000; 165(4):1790-8.
28. Pitcher LA, van Oers NS. T-cell receptor signal transmission: who gives an ITAM? Trends Immunol 2003; 24(10):554-60.
29. Hayes SM, Shores EW, Love PE. An architectural perspective on signaling by the pre-, αβ and γδ T cell receptors. Immunol Rev 2003; 191:28-37.
30. Dave VP, Cao Z, Browne C, Alarcon B, Fernandez-Miguel G, Lafaille J, et al. CD3 δ deficiency arrests development of the αβ but not the γδ T cell lineage. EMBO J 1997; 16(6):1360-70.
31. Hayes SM, Love PE. Distinct structure and signaling potential of the γδ TCR complex. Immunity 2002; 16(6):827-38.
32. Hayes SM, Laky K, El-Khoury D, Kappes DJ, Fowlkes BJ, Love PE. Activation-induced modification in the CD3 complex of the γδ T cell receptor. J Exp Med 2002; 196(10):1355-61.
33. Guy-Grand D, Rocha B, Mintz P, Malassis-Seris M, Selz F, Malissen B, et al. Different use of T cell receptor transducing modules in two populations of gut intraepithelial lymphocytes are related to distinct pathways of T cell differentiation. J Exp Med 1994; 180:673-679.
34. Takai T, Li M, Sylvestre D, Clynes R, Ravetch JV. FcRγ chain deletion results in pleiotrophic effector cell defects. Cell 1994; 76(3):519-29.
35. Fahrer AM, Konigshofer Y, Kerr EM, Ghandour G, Mack DH, Davis MM, et al. Attributes of γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes as suggested by their transcriptional profile. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98(18):10261-6.
36. Park SY, Arase H, Wakizaka K, Hirayama N, Masaki S, Sato S, et al. Differential contribution of the FcRγ chain to the surface expression of the T cell receptor among T cells localized in epithelia: analysis of FcRγ-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25(7):2107-10.
37. Kane LP, Lin J, Weiss A. Signal transduction by the TCR for antigen. Curr Opin Immunol 2000; 12(3):242-9.
38. Kawai K, Kishihara K, Molina T, Wallace V, Mak T, Ohashi P. Impaired development of Vγ3 dendritic epidermal T cells in p56lck protein tyrosine kinase-deficient and CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase-deficient mice. J Exp Med 1995; 181:345-9.
39. Abraham N, Veillette A. Activation of p56lck through mutation of a regulatory carboxy-terminal tyrosine residue requires intact sites of autophosphorylation and myristylation. Mol Cell Biol 1990; 10(10):5197-206.
40. Saint-Ruf C, Panigada M, Azogui O, Debey P, von Boehmer H, Grassi F. Different initiation of pre-TCR and γδTCR signaling. Nature 2000; 406(6795):524-7.
41. van Oers NS, Lowin-Kropf B, Finlay D, Connolly K, Weiss A. αβ T cell development is abolished in mice lacking both Lck and Fyn protein tyrosine kinases. Immunity 1996; 5(5):429-36.
42. Mallick-Wood CA, Pao W, Cheng AM, Lewis JM, Kulkarni S, Bolen JB, et al. Disruption of epithelial γδ T cell repertoires by mutation of the Syk tyrosine kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93(18):9704-9.
43. Kadlecek TA, van Oers NS, Lefrancois L, Olson S, Finlay D, Chu DH, et al. Differential requirements for ZAP-70 in TCR signaling and T cell development. J Immunol 1998; 161(9):4688-94.
44. Benhamou M, Ryba NJ, Kihara H, Nishikata H, Siraganian RP. Protein-tyrosine kinase p72syk in high affinity IgE receptor signaling. Identification as a component of pp72 and association with the receptor γ chain after receptor aggregation. J Biol Chem 1993; 268(31):23318-24.
45. Zhang W, Sommers CL, Burshtyn DN, Stebbins CC, DeJarnette JB, Trible RP, et al. Essential role of LAT in T cell development. Immunity 1999; 10(3):323-32.
46. Nunez-Cruz S, Aguado E, Richelme S, Chetaille B, Mura AM, Richelme M, et al. LAT regulates γδ T cell homeostasis and differentiation. Nat Immunol 2003; 4(10):999-1008.
47. Tybulewicz VL, Ardouin L, Prisco A, Reynolds LF. Vav1: a key signal transducer downstream of the TCR. Immunol Rev 2003; 192:42-52.
48. Swat W, Xavier R, Mizoguchi A, Mizoguchi E, Fredericks J, Fujikawa K, et al. Essential role for Vav1 in activation, but not development, of γδ T cells. Int Immunol 2003; 15(2):215-21.
49. Lafont V, Loisel S, Liautard J, Dudal S, Sable-Teychene M, Liautard JP, et al. Specific signaling pathways triggered by IL-2 in human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells: an amalgamation of NK and αβ T cell signaling. J Immunol 2003; 171(10):5225-32.
50. Havran WL, Carbone A, Allison JP. Murine T cells with invariant γδ antigen receptors: origin, repertoire, and specificity. Semin Immunol 1991; 3:89-97.
51. Street SE, Hayakawa Y, Zhan Y, Lew AM, MacGregor D, Jamieson AM, et al. Innate immune surveillance of spontaneous B cell lymphomas by natural killer cells and γδ T cells. J Exp Med 2004; 199(6):879-884.
52. Bauer S, Groh V, Wu J, Steinle A, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, et al. Activation of NK cells and T cells by NKG2D, a receptor for stress-inducible MICA. Science 1999; 285(5428):727-9.
53. Jamieson AM, Diefenbach A, McMahon CW, Xiong N, Carlyle JR, Raulet DH. The role of the NKG2D immunoreceptor in immune cell activation and natural killing. Immunity 2002; 17(1):19-29.
54. Wu J, Song Y, Bakker AB, Bauer S, Spies T, Lanier LL, et al. An activating immunoreceptor complex formed by NKG2D and DAP10. Science 1999; 285(5428):730-2.
55. Diefenbach A, Jamieson AM, Liu SD, Shastri N, Raulet DH. Ligands for the murine NKG2D receptor: expression by tumor cells and activation of NK cells and macrophages. Nat Immunol 2000; 1(2):119-26.
56. Groh V, Steinle A, Bauer S, Spies T. Recognition of stress-induced MHC molecules by intestinal epithelial γδ T cells. Science 1998; 279(5357):1737-40.
57. Das H, Groh V, Kuijl C, Sugita M, Morita CT, Spies T, et al. MICA engagement by human Vγ2Vδ2 T cells enhances their antigen-dependent effector function. Immunity 2001; 15(1):83-93.
58. Girardi M, Oppenheim DE, Steele CR, Lewis JM, Glusac E, Filler R, et al. Regulation of cutaneous malignancy by γδ T cells. Science 2001; 294(5542):605-9.
59. Bukowski JF, Morita CT, Tanaka Y, Bloom BR, Brenner MB, Band H. Vγ2Vδ2 TCR-dependent recognition of non-peptide antigens and Daudi cells analyzed by TCR gene transfer. J Immunol 1995; 154:998-1006.
60. Burk MR, Mori L, De Libero G. Human Vγ9-Vδ2 cells are stimulated in a cross-reactive fashion by a variety of phosphorylated metabolites. Eur J Immunol 1995; 25:2052-8.
61. Lafont V, Liautard J, Liautard JP, Favero J. Production of TNF-α by human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells via engagement of FcγRIIIA, the low affinity type 3 receptor for the Fc portion of IgG, expressed upon TCR activation by nonpeptidic antigen. J Immunol 2001; 166(12):7190-9.
62. Shires J, Theodoridis E, Hayday AC. Biological insights into TCRγδ(+) and TCRαβ(+) intraepithelial lymphocytes provided by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Immunity 2001; 15(3):419-34.
63. Fisch P, Meuer E, Pende D, Rothenfusser S, Viale O, Kock S, et al. Control of B cell lymphoma recognition via natural killer inhibitory receptors implies a role for human Vγ9/Vδ2 T cells in tumor immunity. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27(12):3368-79.
64. Halary F, Peyrat MA, Champagne E, Lopez-Botet M, Moretta A, Moretta L, et al. Control of self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes expressing γδ T cell receptors by natural killer inhibitory receptors. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27(11):2812-21.
65. + cells. J Immunol 1998; 160(3):1158-65.
66. Van Beneden K, De Creus A, Stevenaert F, Debacker V, Plum J, Leclercq G. Expression of inhibitory receptors Ly49E and CD94/NKG2 on fetal thymic and adult epidermal TCR Vγ3 lymphocytes. J Immunol 2002; 168(7):3295-302.
67. + murine dendritic epidermal clones. J Immunol 1989; 142:1422-8.
68. + dendritic epidermal cells in mice: precursor frequency analysis and cloning of concanavalin A-reactive cells. J Invest Dermatol 1988; 90:671-8.
69. Boismenu R, Feng L, Xia YY, Chang JCC, Havran WL. Chemokine expression by intraepithelial γδ T cells: Implications for the recruitment of inflammatory cells to damaged epithelia. J Immunol 1996; 157:985-992.
70. Mann A, Breuhahn K, Schirmacher P, Blessing M. Keratinocyte-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor accelerates wound healing: Stimulation of keratinocyte proliferation, granulation tissue formation, and vascularization. J Invest Dermatol 2001; 117(6):1382-90.
71. Breuhahn K, Mann A, Muller G, Wilhelmi A, Schirmacher P, Enk A, et al. Epidermal overexpression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces both keratinocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Cell Growth Differ 2000; 11(2):111-21.
72. Barker JN, Allen MH, MacDonald DM. The effect of in vivo interferon-γ on the distribution of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in normal human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 93(4):439-42.
73. Grabbe S, Bruvers S, Beissert S, Granstein RD. Interferon-γ inhibits tumor antigen presentation by epidermal antigen-presenting cells. J Leukoc Biol 1994; 55(6):695-701.
74. Gao Y, Yang W, Pan M, Scully E, Girardi M, Augenlicht LH, et al. γδ T cells provide an early source of interferon γ in tumor immunity. J Exp Med 2003; 198(3):433-42.
75. Massague J. The transforming growth factor-β family. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1990; 6:597-641.
76. Borkowski TA, Letterio JJ, Farr AG, Udey MC. A role for endogenous transforming growth factor β 1 in Langerhans cell biology: the skin of transforming growth factor β 1 null mice is devoid of epidermal Langerhans cells. J Exp Med 1996; 184(6):2417-22.
77. Leclercq G, De Smedt M, Plum J. Cytokine dependence of Vγ3 thymocytes: mature but not immature Vγ3 cells require endogenous IL-2 and IL-7 to survive- evidence for cytokine redundancy. Int Immunol 1995; 7:843-851.
78. Maki K, Sunaga S, Komagata Y, Kodaira Y, Mabuchi A, Karasuyama H, et al. Interleukin 7 receptor-deficient mice lack γδ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:7172-7.
79. Matsue H, Bergstresser PR, Takashima A. Keratinocyte-derived IL-7 serves as a growth factor for dendritic epidermal T cells in mice. J Immunol 1993; 151:6012-9.
80. Takashima A, Matsue H, Bergstresser PR, Ariizumi K. Interleukin-7- dependent interaction of dendritic epidermal T cells with keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 105(1 Suppl):50S-53S.
81. Koch F, Heufler C, Kampgen E, Schneeweiss D, Bock G, Schuler G. Tumor necrosis factor α maintains the viability of murine epidermal Langerhans cells in culture, but in contrast to granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, without inducing their functional maturation. J Exp Med 1990; 171(1):159-71.
82. Matsue H, Bergstresser PR, Takashima A. Reciprocal cytokine-mediated cellular interactions in mouse epidermis: Promotion of γ/δ T cell growth by IL-7 and TNFα and inhibition of keratinocyte growth by IFNγ. J Invest Dermatol 1993; 101:543-8.
83. Sieling PA, Sakimura L, Uyemura K, Yamamura M, Oliveros J, Nickoloff BJ, et al. IL-7 in the cell-mediated immune response to a human pathogen. J Immunol 1995; 154(6):2775-83.
84. Edelbaum D, Mohamadzadeh M, Bergstresser PR, Sugamura K, Takashima A. Interleukin (IL)-15 promotes the growth of murine epidermal γδ T cells by a mechanism involving the β- and γ c-chains of the IL-2 receptor. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 105(6):837-43.
85. Mohamadzadeh M, Takashima A, Dougherty I, Knop J, Bergstresser PR, Cruz PD, Jr. Ultraviolet B radiation up-regulates the expression of IL-15 in human skin. J Immunol 1995; 155(9):4492-6.
86. Havran WL, Allison JP. Developmentally ordered appearance of thymocytes expressing different T cell antigen receptors. Nature 1988; 335:443-5.
87. + fetal murine thymocytes home to the skin and give rise to proliferating dendritic epidermal cells. J Immunol. 1991; 146:2536-43.
88. Itohara S, Farr AG, Lafaille JJ, Bonneville M, Takagaki Y, Haas W, et al. Homing of a γ/δ thymocyte subset with homogenous T-cell receptors to mucosal epithelia. Nature 1990; 343:754-7.
89. Mallick-Wood CA, Lewis JM, Richie LI, Owen MJ, Tigekar RE, Hayday AC. Conservation of T cell receptor conformation in epidermal γδ cells with disrupted primary Vγ gene usage. Science 1998; 279(5357):1729-33.
90. Hara H, Kishihara K, Matsuzaki G, Takimoto H, Tsukiyama T, Tigelaar RE, et al. Development of dendritic epidermal T cells with a skewed diversity of γδ TCRs in Vδ1-deficient mice. J Immunol 2000; 165(7):3695-705.
91. Ferrero I, Wilson A, Beermann F, Held W, MacDonald HR. T cell receptor specificity is critical for the development of epidermal γδ T cells. J Exp Med 2001; 194(10):1473-83.
92. Aono A, Enomoto H, Yoshida N, Yoshizaki K, Kishimoto T, Komori T. Forced expression of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in fetal thymus resulted in a decrease in γδ T cells and random dissemination of Vγ3Vδ1 T cells in skin of newborn but not adult mice. Immunology 2000; 99(4):489-97.
93. Durum SK, Candeias S, Nakajima H, Leonard WJ, Baird AM, Berg LJ, et al. Interleukin 7 receptor control of T cell receptor γ gene rearrangement: role of receptor-associated chains and locus accessibility. J Exp Med 1998; 188(12):2233-41.
94. Schlissel MS, Durum SD, Muegge K. The interleukin 7 receptor is required for T cell receptor γ locus accessibility to the V(D)J recombinase. J Exp Med 2000; 191(6):1045-50.
95. Ye S-K, Maki K, Lee H-C, Ito A, Kawai K, Suzuki H, et al. Differential roles of cytokine receptors in the development of epidermal γδ T cells. J Immunol 2001; 167(4):1929-1934.
96. Park SY, Saijo K, Takahashi T, Osawa M, Arase H, Hirayama N, et al. Developmental defects of lymphoid cells in Jak3 kinase-deficient mice. Immunity 1995; 3(6):771-82.
97. Kang J, DiBenedetto B, Narayan K, Zhao H, Der SD, Chambers CA. STAT5 is required for thymopoiesis in a development stage-specific manner. J Immunol 2004; 173(4):2307-14.
98. Lodolce JP, Boone DL, Chai S, Swain RE, Dassopoulos T, Trettin S, et al. IL-15 receptor maintains lymphoid homeostasis by supporting lymphocyte homing and proliferation. Immunity 1998; 9(5):669-76.
99. Kennedy MK, Glaccum M, Brown SN, Butz EA, Viney JL, Embers M, et al. Reversible defects in natural killer and memory CD8 T cell lineages in interleukin 15 deficient mice. J Exp Med 2000; 191(5):771-80.
100. Kawai K, Suzuki H, Tomiyama K, Minagawa M, Mak TW, Ohashi PS. Requirement of the IL-2 receptor β chain for the development of Vγ3 dendritic epidermal T cells. J Invest Dermatol 1998; 110(6):961-5.
101. + dendritic epidermal cells. Int Immunol 1992; 4(4):487-91.
102. Xiong N, Kang C., Raulet; D. Positive selection of Dendritic Epidermal γδ T cell precursors in the fetal thymus determines expression of skin-homing receptors. Immunity 2004; 21(1):121-31.
103. Svensson M, Marsal J, Ericsson A, Carramolino L, Broden T, Marquez G, et al. CCL25 mediates the localization of recently activated CD8αβ(+) lymphocytes to the small-intestinal mucosa. J Clin Invest 2002; 110(8):1113-21.
104. Wurbel MA, Malissen M, Guy-Grand D, Meffre E, Nussenzweig MC, Richelme M, et al. Mice lacking the CCR9 CC-chemokine receptor show a mild impairment of early T- and B-cell development and a reduction in T-cell receptor γδ(+) gut intraepithelial lymphocytes. Blood 2001; 98(9):2626-32.
105. Uehara S, Grinberg A, Farber JM, Love PE. A role for CCR9 in T lymphocyte development and migration. J Immunol 2002; 168(6):2811-9.
106. Zippelius A, Bioley G, Le Gal FA, Rufer N, Brandes M, Batard P, et al. Human thymus exports naive CD8 T cells that can home to nonlymphoid tissues. J Immunol 2004; 172(5):2773-7.
107. Lee HC, Tomiyama K, Ye SK, Kawai K, Ikuta K. Seeding of dendritic epidermal T cells in the neonatal skin is reduced in 129 strain of mice. Immunol Lett 2002; 81(3):211-6.
108. Komano H, Fujiura Y, Kawaguchi M, Matsumoto S, Hashimoto Y, Obana S, et al. Homeostatic regulation of intestinal epithelia by intraepithelial γδ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92(13):6147-51.
109. Sharp LL, Jameson JM, Cauvi G, Havran WL. Dendritic epidermal T cells regulate skin homeostasis through local production of insulin-like growth factor 1. Nat Immunol 2005; 6(1):73-9.
110. Dorshkind K, Horseman ND. The roles of prolactin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and thyroid hormones in lymphocyte development and function: insights from genetic models of hormone and hormone receptor deficiency. Endocr Rev 2000; 21(3):292-312.
111. + T lymphocytes. Metabolism 2004; 53(1):117-22.
112. Jameson J, Ugarte K, Chen N, Yachi P, Fuchs E, Boismenu R, et al. A role for skin γδ T cells in wound repair. Science 2002; 296(5568):747-9.
113. Boismenu R, Havran WL. Modulation of epithelial cell growth by intraepithelial γδ T cells. Science 1994; 266:1253-5.
114. Chen Y, Chou K, Fuchs E, Havran WL, Boismenu R. Protection of the intestinal mucosa by intraepithelial γδ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99(22):14338-43.
115. King DP, Hyde DM, Jackson KA, Novosad DM, Ellis TN, Putney L, et al. Cutting edge: protective response to pulmonary injury requires γδ T lymphocytes. J Immunol 1999; 162(9):5033-6.
116. + cells, promote airway hyperreactivity, Th2 cytokines, and airway inflammation. J Immunol 2004; 172(5):2894-902.
117. Girardi M, Lewis J, Glusac E, Filler RB, Geng L, Hayday AC, et al. Resident skin-specific γδ T cells provide local, nonredundant regulation of cutaneous inflammation. J Exp Med 2002; 195(7):855-67.
118. Girardi M, Sherling MA, Filler RB, Shires J, Theodoridis E, Hayday AC, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects in the skin of thymosin-β4 splice-variants. Immunology 2003; 109(1):1-7.
119. Tsuruta D, Kaneda K, Teramae H, Ishii M. In vivo activation of langerhans cells and dendritic epidermal T cells in the elicitation phase of mutine contact hypersensitivity. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140(3):392-9.
120. Kaminski MJ, Bergstresser PR, Takashima A. In vivo activation of mouse dendritic epidermal T cells in sites of contact dermatitis. Eur J Immunol 1993; 23:1715-8.
121. Dieli F, Asherson GL, Sireci G, Dominid R, Gervasi F, Vendetti S, et al. γδ cells involved in contact sensitivity preferentially rearrange the Vγ3 region and require interleukin-7. Eur J Immunol 1997; 27(1):206-14.
122. + effector T cells in contact hypersensitivity responses. J Invest Dermatol 2002; 119(1):137-42.
123. Szczepanik M, Anderson LR, Ushio H, Ptak W, Owen MJ, Hayday AC, et al. γδ T cells from tolerized αβ T cell receptor (TCR)-deficient mice inhibit contact sensitivity-effector T cells in vivo, and their interferon-γ production in vitro. J Exp Med 1996; 184(6):2129-39.
124. Shiohara T, Moriya N, Hayakawa J, Itohara S, Ishikawa H. Resistance to cutaneous graft-vs.-host disease is not induced in T cell receptor δ gene-mutant mice. J Exp Med 1996; 183(4):1483-9.
125. + dendritic epidermal T cell lines express granule-associated perform and a family of granzyme molecules. Immunobiology 1992; 184(4-5):392-401.
126. Groh V, Rhinehart R, Secrist H, Bauer S, Grabstein KH, Spies T. Broad tumor-associated expression and recognition by tumor-derived γδ T cells of MICA and MICB. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96(12):6879-84.
127. Kaminski MJ, Cruz PD, Bergstresser PR, Takashima A. Killing of skin-derived tumor cells by mouse dendritic epidermal T cells. Cancer Res 1993; 53:4014-9.
128. + T cells to different stages of chemically induced skin cancer. J Exp Med 2003; 198(5):747-55.
129. + T cell-mediated immunity against an ultraviolet radiation-induced skin tumor. Int J Cancer 1997; 70(1):98-105.
130. + T-cell-mediated immunity. Cancer Res 1996; 56(11):2607-15.
131. Ziegler HK. The role of γ/δ T cells in immunity to infection and regulation of inflammation. Immunol Res 2004; 29(1-3):293-302.
132. Nishimura H, Yajima T, Kagimoto Y, Ohata M, Watase T, Kishihara K, et al. Intraepithelial γδ T cells may bridge a gap between innate immunity and acquired immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2. J Virol 2004; 78(9):4927-30.
133. Leclercq G, Plum J. Stimulation of TCR Vγ3 cells by gram-negative bacteria. J Immunol 1995; 154(10):5313-9.
134. + T cells respond to B-cell lines and lipopolysaccharides. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 105:58S-61S.
135. Kaminski MJ, Mroczkowski TF, Krotoski WA. Dendritic epidermal γ/δ T cells (DETC) activated in vivo proliferate in vitro in response to Mycobacterium leprae antigens. Int J Dermatol 2000; 39(8):603-8.
136. Molne L, Corthay A, Holmdahl R, Tarkowski A. Role of γ/δ T cell receptor-expressing lymphocytes in cutaneous infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Exp Immunol 2003; 132(2):209-15.
137. Robak E, Niewiadomska H, Robak T, Bartkowiak J, Blonski JZ, Wozniacka A, et al. Lymphocyctes T γδ in clinically normal skin and peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their correlation with disease activity. Mediators Inflamm 2001; 10(4):179-89.
138. Ergun T, Ince U, Eksioglu-Demiralp E, Direskeneli H, Gurbuz O, Gurses L, et al. HSP 60 expression in mucocutaneous lesions of Behcet's disease. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001; 45(6):904-9.
139. Toro JR, Liewehr DJ, Pabby N, Sorbara L, Raffeld M, Steinberg SM, et al. γ-δ T-cell phenotype is associated with significantly decreased survival in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2003; 101(9):3407-12.