메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 271-280

Discovery and in vivo evaluation of new melanocortin-4 receptor-selective peptides

Author keywords

Grooming; Melanocortin receptor; Neuropathic pain; PEPSCAN; Selective ligand

Indexed keywords

ACETYLGLYCYLGLYCYLLYSYL DEXTRO PHENYLALANYLARGINYLTRYPTOPHYLGLYCINAMIDE; ACETYLHISTIDYL DEXTRO PHENYLALANYLARGINYLTRYPTOPHANAMIDE; ACETYLLYSYL DEXTRO PHENYLALANYLARGINYLTRYPTOPHANAMIDE; ACETYLNORLEUCYLGLYCYLALANYL DEXTRO PHENYLALANYLARGINYLTRYPTOPHYLGLYCINAMIDE; ACETYLNORLEUCYLGLYCYLARGINYL DEXTRO PHENYLALANYLARGINYLTRYPTOPHYLGLYCINAMIDE; ACETYLNORLEUCYLGLYCYLLYSYL DEXTRO PHENYLALANYLARGINYLTRYPTOPHYLGLYCINAMIDE; MELANOCORTIN 3 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 4 RECEPTOR; MELANOCORTIN 5 RECEPTOR; N ACETYL ALPHA INTERMEDIN[4-10]CYCLO[4 NORLEUCINE 5 ASPARTIC ACID 7 [3 (2 NAPHTHYL)ALANINE] 10 LYSINAMIDE]; PEPTIDE DERIVATIVE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0037302373     PISSN: 01969781     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0196-9781(03)00032-9     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0032809011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of melanocortin receptor ligands on cloned brain melanocortin receptors and on grooming behavior in the rat
    • Adan R.A., Szklarczyk A.W., Oosterom J., Brakkee J.H., Nijenhuis W.A., Schaaper W.M.et al. Characterization of melanocortin receptor ligands on cloned brain melanocortin receptors and on grooming behavior in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 378(3):1999;249-258.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.378 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-258
    • Adan, R.A.1    Szklarczyk, A.W.2    Oosterom, J.3    Brakkee, J.H.4    Nijenhuis, W.A.5    Schaaper, W.M.6
  • 3
    • 0033595130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analogs of MTII, lactam derivatives of alpha-melanotropin, modified at the N-terminus, and their selectivity at human melanocortin receptors 3, 4, and 5
    • Bednarek M.A., MacNeil T., Kalyani R.N., Tang R., Van der Ploeg L.H., Weinberg D.H. Analogs of MTII, lactam derivatives of alpha-melanotropin, modified at the N-terminus, and their selectivity at human melanocortin receptors 3, 4, and 5. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 261(1):1999;209-213.
    • (1999) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.261 , Issue.1 , pp. 209-213
    • Bednarek, M.A.1    MacNeil, T.2    Kalyani, R.N.3    Tang, R.4    Van der Ploeg, L.H.5    Weinberg, D.H.6
  • 4
    • 0035950087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective, high affinity peptide antagonists of alpha-melanotropin action at human melanocortin receptor 4: Their synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro
    • Bednarek M.A., MacNeil T., Kalyani R.N., Tang R., Van der Ploeg L.H., Weinberg D.H. Selective, high affinity peptide antagonists of alpha-melanotropin action at human melanocortin receptor 4: their synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro. J. Med. Chem. 44(22):2001;3665-3672.
    • (2001) J. Med. Chem. , vol.44 , Issue.22 , pp. 3665-3672
    • Bednarek, M.A.1    MacNeil, T.2    Kalyani, R.N.3    Tang, R.4    Van der Ploeg, L.H.5    Weinberg, D.H.6
  • 5
    • 0034801751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potent and selective peptide agonists of alpha-melanotropin action at human melanocortin receptor 4: Their synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro
    • Bednarek M.A., MacNeil T., Tang R., Kalyani R.N., Van der Ploeg L.H., Weinberg D.H. Potent and selective peptide agonists of alpha-melanotropin action at human melanocortin receptor 4: their synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 286(3):2001;641-645.
    • (2001) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.286 , Issue.3 , pp. 641-645
    • Bednarek, M.A.1    MacNeil, T.2    Tang, R.3    Kalyani, R.N.4    Van der Ploeg, L.H.5    Weinberg, D.H.6
  • 6
    • 0032852288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-function studies on the cyclic peptide MT-II, lactam derivative of alpha-melanotropin
    • Bednarek M.A., Silva M.V., Arison B., MacNeil T., Kalyani R.N., Huang R.R.et al. Structure-function studies on the cyclic peptide MT-II, lactam derivative of alpha-melanotropin. Peptides. 20(3):1999;401-409.
    • (1999) Peptides , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 401-409
    • Bednarek, M.A.1    Silva, M.V.2    Arison, B.3    MacNeil, T.4    Kalyani, R.N.5    Huang, R.R.6
  • 7
    • 0023895875 scopus 로고
    • A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man
    • Bennett G.J., Xie Y.K. A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man. Pain. 33(1):1988;87-107.
    • (1988) Pain , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-107
    • Bennett, G.J.1    Xie, Y.K.2
  • 8
    • 0018342725 scopus 로고
    • A simple technique for rapid implantation of a permanent cannula into the rat brain ventricular system
    • Brakkee J.H., Wiegant V.M., Gispen W.H. A simple technique for rapid implantation of a permanent cannula into the rat brain ventricular system. Lab. Anim. Sci. 29(1):1979;78-81.
    • (1979) Lab. Anim. Sci. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 78-81
    • Brakkee, J.H.1    Wiegant, V.M.2    Gispen, W.H.3
  • 10
    • 0033818103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass
    • Chen A.S., Marsh D.J., Trumbauer M.E., Frazier E.G., Guan X.M., Yu H.et al. Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass. Nat. Genet. 26(1):2000;97-102.
    • (2000) Nat. Genet. , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-102
    • Chen, A.S.1    Marsh, D.J.2    Trumbauer, M.E.3    Frazier, E.G.4    Guan, X.M.5    Yu, H.6
  • 11
    • 0031442053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R-deficient mice: Evidence for coordinated regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides
    • Chen W., Kelly M.A., Opitz-Araya X., Thomas R.E., Low M.J., Cone R.D. Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R-deficient mice: evidence for coordinated regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides. Cell. 91(6):1997;789-798.
    • (1997) Cell , vol.91 , Issue.6 , pp. 789-798
    • Chen, W.1    Kelly, M.A.2    Opitz-Araya, X.3    Thomas, R.E.4    Low, M.J.5    Cone, R.D.6
  • 12
    • 0028947365 scopus 로고
    • A colorimetric assay for measuring activation of Gs and Gq coupled signaling pathways
    • Chen W., Shields T.S., Stork P.J.S., Cone R.D. A colorimetric assay for measuring activation of Gs and Gq coupled signaling pathways. Anal. Biochem. 226:1995;349-354.
    • (1995) Anal. Biochem. , vol.226 , pp. 349-354
    • Chen, W.1    Shields, T.S.2    Stork, P.J.S.3    Cone, R.D.4
  • 14
    • 0027227288 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning expression, and gene localization of a fourth melanocortin receptor
    • Gantz I., Miwa H., Konda Y., Shimoto Y., Tashiro T., Watson S.J.et al. Molecular cloning expression, and gene localization of a fourth melanocortin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;15174-15179.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 15174-15179
    • Gantz, I.1    Miwa, H.2    Konda, Y.3    Shimoto, Y.4    Tashiro, T.5    Watson, S.J.6
  • 16
    • 0000951677 scopus 로고
    • Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid
    • Geysen H.M., Meloen R.H., Barteling S.J. Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81(13):1984;3998-4002.
    • (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.81 , Issue.13 , pp. 3998-4002
    • Geysen, H.M.1    Meloen, R.H.2    Barteling, S.J.3
  • 17
    • 0016827472 scopus 로고
    • The induction of excessive grooming in the rat by intraventricular application of peptides derived from ACTH: Structure-activity studies
    • Gispen W.H., Wiegant V.M., Greven H.M., De Wied D. The induction of excessive grooming in the rat by intraventricular application of peptides derived from ACTH: structure-activity studies. Life Sci. 17(4):1975;645-652.
    • (1975) Life Sci. , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 645-652
    • Gispen, W.H.1    Wiegant, V.M.2    Greven, H.M.3    De Wied, D.4
  • 18
    • 0031241557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti protein inhibits the production of eumelanin and phaeomelanin in the presence and absence of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone
    • Graham A., Wakamatsu K., Hunt G., Ito S., Thody A.J. Agouti protein inhibits the production of eumelanin and phaeomelanin in the presence and absence of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone. Pigment Cell Res. 10(5):1997;298-303.
    • (1997) Pigment Cell Res. , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 298-303
    • Graham, A.1    Wakamatsu, K.2    Hunt, G.3    Ito, S.4    Thody, A.J.5
  • 19
    • 0034727855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: Importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity
    • Grieco P., Balse P.M., Weinberg D., MacNeil T., Hruby V.J. D-Amino acid scan of gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: importance of Trp(8) on human MC3 receptor selectivity. J. Med. Chem. 43(26):2000;4998-5002.
    • (2000) J. Med. Chem. , vol.43 , Issue.26 , pp. 4998-5002
    • Grieco, P.1    Balse, P.M.2    Weinberg, D.3    MacNeil, T.4    Hruby, V.J.5
  • 20
    • 0030787858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R
    • Haskell-Luevano C., Hendrata S., North C., Sawyer T.K., Hadley M.E., Hruby V.J.et al. Discovery of prototype peptidomimetic agonists at the human melanocortin receptors MC1R and MC4R. J. Med. Chem. 40(14):1997;2133-2139.
    • (1997) J. Med. Chem. , vol.40 , Issue.14 , pp. 2133-2139
    • Haskell-Luevano, C.1    Hendrata, S.2    North, C.3    Sawyer, T.K.4    Hadley, M.E.5    Hruby, V.J.6
  • 21
    • 0035927436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors
    • Haskell-Luevano C., Holder J.R., Monck E.K., Bauzo R.M. Characterization of melanocortin NDP-MSH agonist peptide fragments at the mouse central and peripheral melanocortin receptors. J. Med. Chem. 44(13):2001;2247-2252.
    • (2001) J. Med. Chem. , vol.44 , Issue.13 , pp. 2247-2252
    • Haskell-Luevano, C.1    Holder, J.R.2    Monck, E.K.3    Bauzo, R.M.4
  • 22
    • 0033998015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure-activity studies of the melanocortin antagonist SHU9119 modified at the 6, 7, 8, and 9 positions
    • Haskell-Luevano C., Lim S., Yuan W., Cone R.D., Hruby V.J. Structure-activity studies of the melanocortin antagonist SHU9119 modified at the 6, 7, 8, and 9 positions. Peptides. 21(1):2000;49-57.
    • (2000) Peptides , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-57
    • Haskell-Luevano, C.1    Lim, S.2    Yuan, W.3    Cone, R.D.4    Hruby, V.J.5
  • 23
    • 0035810771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti-related protein functions as an inverse agonist at a constitutively active brain melanocortin-4 receptor
    • Haskell-Luevano C., Monck E.K. Agouti-related protein functions as an inverse agonist at a constitutively active brain melanocortin-4 receptor. Regul. Pept. 99(1):2001;1-7.
    • (2001) Regul. Pept. , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Haskell-Luevano, C.1    Monck, E.K.2
  • 25
    • 0030590846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Septide and neurokinin A are high-affinity ligands on the NK-1 receptor: Evidence from homologous versus heterologous binding analysis
    • Hastrup H., Schwartz T.W. Septide and neurokinin A are high-affinity ligands on the NK-1 receptor: evidence from homologous versus heterologous binding analysis. FEBS Lett. 399(3):1996;264-266.
    • (1996) FEBS Lett. , vol.399 , Issue.3 , pp. 264-266
    • Hastrup, H.1    Schwartz, T.W.2
  • 28
    • 0028788787 scopus 로고
    • Agouti protein can act independently of melanocyte-stimulating hormone to inhibit melanogenesis
    • Hunt G., Thody A.J. Agouti protein can act independently of melanocyte-stimulating hormone to inhibit melanogenesis. J. Endocrinol. 147(2):1995;R1-R4.
    • (1995) J. Endocrinol. , vol.147 , Issue.2
    • Hunt, G.1    Thody, A.J.2
  • 30
    • 0032570249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin receptor binding determinants in the agouti protein
    • Kiefer L.L., Veal J.M., Mountjoy K.G., Wilkison W.O. Melanocortin receptor binding determinants in the agouti protein. Biochemistry. 37(4):1998;991-997.
    • (1998) Biochemistry , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 991-997
    • Kiefer, L.L.1    Veal, J.M.2    Mountjoy, K.G.3    Wilkison, W.O.4
  • 31
    • 0032954911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional recovery after central infusion of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rats with spinal cord contusion injury
    • Lankhorst A.J., Duis S.E., ter Laak M.P., Joosten E.A., Hamers F.P., Gispen W.H. Functional recovery after central infusion of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in rats with spinal cord contusion injury. J. Neurotrauma. 16(4):1999;323-331.
    • (1999) J. Neurotrauma , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 323-331
    • Lankhorst, A.J.1    Duis, S.E.2    Ter Laak, M.P.3    Joosten, E.A.4    Hamers, F.P.5    Gispen, W.H.6
  • 32
    • 0034828356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of cAMP-mediated gene transcription and ligand selectivity by MC3R and MC4R melanocortin receptors
    • Lee E.J., Lee S.H., Jung J.W., Lee W., Kim B.J., Park K.W.et al. Differential regulation of cAMP-mediated gene transcription and ligand selectivity by MC3R and MC4R melanocortin receptors. Eur. J. Biochem. 268(3):2001;582-591.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.268 , Issue.3 , pp. 582-591
    • Lee, E.J.1    Lee, S.H.2    Jung, J.W.3    Lee, W.4    Kim, B.J.5    Park, K.W.6
  • 33
    • 0027256438 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation
    • Miller M.W., Duhl D.M., Vrieling H., Cordes S.P., Ollmann M.M., Winkes B.M.et al. Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation. Genes Dev. 7(3):1993;454-467.
    • (1993) Genes Dev. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 454-467
    • Miller, M.W.1    Duhl, D.M.2    Vrieling, H.3    Cordes, S.P.4    Ollmann, M.M.5    Winkes, B.M.6
  • 34
    • 0035130843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AgRP(83-132) acts as an inverse agonist on the human-melanocortin-4 receptor
    • Nijenhuis W.A., Oosterom J., Adan R.A. AgRP(83-132) acts as an inverse agonist on the human-melanocortin-4 receptor. Mol. Endocrinol. 15(1):2001;164-171.
    • (2001) Mol. Endocrinol. , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 164-171
    • Nijenhuis, W.A.1    Oosterom, J.2    Adan, R.A.3
  • 35
    • 0030764741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein
    • Ollmann M.M., Wilson B.D., Yang Y.K., Kerns J.A., Chen Y., Gantz I.et al. Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein. Science. 278(5335):1997;135-138.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , Issue.5335 , pp. 135-138
    • Ollmann, M.M.1    Wilson, B.D.2    Yang, Y.K.3    Kerns, J.A.4    Chen, Y.5    Gantz, I.6
  • 36
    • 0035846934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common requirements for melanocortin-4 receptor selectivity of structurally unrelated melanocortin agonist and endogenous antagonist, agouti protein
    • Oosterom J., Garner K.M., den Dekker W.K., Nijenhuis W.A., Gispen W.H., Burbach J.P.et al. Common requirements for melanocortin-4 receptor selectivity of structurally unrelated melanocortin agonist and endogenous antagonist, agouti protein. J. Biol. Chem. 276(2):2001;931-936.
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.276 , Issue.2 , pp. 931-936
    • Oosterom, J.1    Garner, K.M.2    Den Dekker, W.K.3    Nijenhuis, W.A.4    Gispen, W.H.5    Burbach, J.P.6
  • 37
    • 0033546392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conformation of the core sequence in melanocortin peptides directs selectivity for the melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptors [in process citation]
    • Oosterom J., Nijenhuis W.A., Schaaper W.M., Slootstra J., Meloen R.H., Gispen W.H.et al. Conformation of the core sequence in melanocortin peptides directs selectivity for the melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptors [in process citation]. J. Biol. Chem. 274(24):1999;16853-16860.
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , Issue.24 , pp. 16853-16860
    • Oosterom, J.1    Nijenhuis, W.A.2    Schaaper, W.M.3    Slootstra, J.4    Meloen, R.H.5    Gispen, W.H.6
  • 38
    • 0035246137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of new small cyclic melanocortin receptor-binding peptides using molecular modelling: Role of the His residue in the melanocortin peptide core
    • Prusis P., Muceniece R., Mutule I., Mutulis F., Wikberg J.E. Design of new small cyclic melanocortin receptor-binding peptides using molecular modelling: role of the His residue in the melanocortin peptide core. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 36(2):2001;137-146.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Med. Chem. , vol.36 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-146
    • Prusis, P.1    Muceniece, R.2    Mutule, I.3    Mutulis, F.4    Wikberg, J.E.5
  • 39
    • 0028104976 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and biological evaluation of alpha-MSH analogues substituted with alanine
    • Sahm U.G., Olivier G.W., Branch S.K., Moss S.H., Pouton C.W. Synthesis and biological evaluation of alpha-MSH analogues substituted with alanine. Peptides. 15(7):1994;1297-1302.
    • (1994) Peptides , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 1297-1302
    • Sahm, U.G.1    Olivier, G.W.2    Branch, S.K.3    Moss, S.H.4    Pouton, C.W.5
  • 40
    • 0000448866 scopus 로고
    • 4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: A highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity
    • Sawyer T.K., Sanfilippo P.J., Hruby V.J., Engel M.H., Heward C.B., Burnett J.B.et al. 4-Norleucine, 7-D-phenylalanine-alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone: a highly potent alpha-melanotropin with ultralong biological activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77(10):1980;5754-5758.
    • (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.77 , Issue.10 , pp. 5754-5758
    • Sawyer, T.K.1    Sanfilippo, P.J.2    Hruby, V.J.3    Engel, M.H.4    Heward, C.B.5    Burnett, J.B.6
  • 41
    • 0030612436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6] substituted ACTH(4-10) analogues for the melanocortin receptors
    • 6] substituted ACTH(4-10) analogues for the melanocortin receptors. Peptides. 18(5):1997;761-763.
    • (1997) Peptides , vol.18 , Issue.5 , pp. 761-763
    • Schioth, H.B.1    Muceniece, R.2    Wikberg, J.E.3
  • 43
    • 0030893647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice
    • Shutter J.R., Graham M., Kinsey A.C., Scully S., Luthy R., Stark K.L. Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice. Genes Dev. 11(5):1997;593-602.
    • (1997) Genes Dev. , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 593-602
    • Shutter, J.R.1    Graham, M.2    Kinsey, A.C.3    Scully, S.4    Luthy, R.5    Stark, K.L.6
  • 46
    • 0027195884 scopus 로고
    • B16-G4F mouse melanoma cells: An MSH receptor-deficient cell clone
    • Solca F.F., Chluba-de T.J., Iwata K., Eberle A.N. B16-G4F mouse melanoma cells: an MSH receptor-deficient cell clone. FEBS Lett. 322(2):1993;177-180.
    • (1993) FEBS Lett. , vol.322 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-180
    • Solca, F.F.1    Chluba-de, T.J.2    Iwata, K.3    Eberle, A.N.4
  • 47
    • 0034332201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of the melanocortin system reduces cold and mechanical allodynia in mononeuropathic rats
    • Vrinten D.H., Gispen W.H., Groen G.J., Adan R.A. Antagonism of the melanocortin system reduces cold and mechanical allodynia in mononeuropathic rats. J. Neurosci. 20(21):2000;8131-8137.
    • (2000) J. Neurosci. , vol.20 , Issue.21 , pp. 8131-8137
    • Vrinten, D.H.1    Gispen, W.H.2    Groen, G.J.3    Adan, R.A.4
  • 49
    • 0020525719 scopus 로고
    • Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals
    • Zimmermann M. Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain. 16(2):1983;109-110.
    • (1983) Pain , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-110
    • Zimmermann, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.