메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 96, Issue 2, 2002, Pages 67-80

The role of small airways in lung disease

Author keywords

Asthma; Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Interstitial lung disease; Obliterative bronchiolitis; Small airways

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; BECLOMETASONE DIPROPIONATE; BRONCHODILATING AGENT; BUDESONIDE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOSPORIN; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBON; FLUTICASONE PROPIONATE; GAMMA INTERFERON 1B; GAMMA INTERFERON DERIVATIVE; GANCICLOVIR; HELIUM; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; LEFLUNOMIDE; METHOTREXATE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PREDNISONE; RAPAMYCIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 0036486544     PISSN: 09546111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/rmed.2001.1216     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (87)

References (130)
  • 2
    • 0014062847 scopus 로고
    • Resistance of central and peripheral airways measured by a retrograde catheter
    • Macklem PT, Mead J. Resistance of central and peripheral airways measured by a retrograde catheter. J App] Physiol 1967; 22: 395-401.
    • (1967) J. Appl. Physiol , vol.22 , pp. 395-401
    • Macklem, P.T.1    Mead, J.2
  • 3
    • 0031849309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small airways: A time to revisit?
    • Evans DJ, Green M. Small airways: a time to revisit? Thorax 1998; 53: 629-630.
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , pp. 629-630
    • Evans, D.J.1    Green, M.2
  • 6
    • 0031736852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation in asthma: The cornerstone of the disease and target of therapy
    • Busse WW. Inflammation in asthma: the cornerstone of the disease and target of therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102: S17-S22.
    • (1998) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.102
    • Busse, W.W.1
  • 7
    • 0031593305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small airway inflammation and asthma
    • Howarth P. Small airway inflammation and asthma. Int J Clin Pract 1998; 96(Suppl): 15-22.
    • (1998) Int. J. Clin. Pract , vol.96 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 15-22
    • Howarth, P.1
  • 8
    • 0031780319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammatory and structural changes in the small airways in bronchial asthma
    • Roche WR. Inflammatory and structural changes in the small airways in bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: S191-S194.
    • (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.157
    • Roche, W.R.1
  • 9
    • 0033372831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distal airways: Are they important in asthma?
    • Kraft M. The distal airways: are they important in asthma? Eur Respir J 1999; 14: 1403-1417.
    • (1999) Eur. Respir. J , vol.14 , pp. 1403-1417
    • Kraft, M.1
  • 10
    • 0027404742 scopus 로고
    • The structure of large and small airways in nonfatal and fatal asthma
    • Carroll N, Elliot J, Morton A, James A. The structure of large and small airways in nonfatal and fatal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147: 405-410.
    • (1993) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.147 , pp. 405-410
    • Carroll, N.1    Elliot, J.2    Morton, A.3    James, A.4
  • 11
    • 0030055306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular infiltration of the airways in asthma of varying severity
    • Synek M, Beasley R, Frew AJ, et al. Cellular infiltration of the airways in asthma of varying severity. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 224-230.
    • (1996) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.154 , pp. 224-230
    • Synek, M.1    Beasley, R.2    Frew, A.J.3
  • 12
    • 0026026853 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative structural analysis of peripheral airways and arteries in sudden fatal asthma
    • Saetta M, Di Stefano A, Rosina C, Thiene G, Fabbri LM. Quantitative structural analysis of peripheral airways and arteries in sudden fatal asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 138-143.
    • (1991) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.143 , pp. 138-143
    • Saetta, M.1    Di Stefano, A.2    Rosina, C.3    Thiene, G.4    Fabbri, L.M.5
  • 13
    • 0024545977 scopus 로고
    • Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation
    • Beasley R, Roche WR, Roberts JA, Holgate ST. Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989; 139: 806-817.
    • (1989) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.139 , pp. 806-817
    • Beasley, R.1    Roche, W.R.2    Roberts, J.A.3    Holgate, S.T.4
  • 15
    • 0015121553 scopus 로고
    • Muscle and mucous gland size in the major bronchi of patients with chronic bronchitis, asthma, and asthmatic bronchitis
    • Takizawa T, Thurlbeck WM. Muscle and mucous gland size in the major bronchi of patients with chronic bronchitis, asthma, and asthmatic bronchitis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1971; 104: 331-336.
    • (1971) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.104 , pp. 331-336
    • Takizawa, T.1    Thurlbeck, W.M.2
  • 16
    • 0015911409 scopus 로고
    • Hyperplasia of bronchial smooth muscle in asthma
    • Heard BE, Hossain S. Hyperplasia of bronchial smooth muscle in asthma. J Pathol 1972; 110: 319-331.
    • (1972) J. Pathol , vol.110 , pp. 319-331
    • Heard, B.E.1    Hossain, S.2
  • 17
    • 0030841721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased vascularity of the bronchial mucosa in mild asthma
    • Li X, Wilson JW. Increased vascularity of the bronchial mucosa in mild asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 156: 229-233.
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.156 , pp. 229-233
    • Li, X.1    Wilson, J.W.2
  • 18
    • 0017816443 scopus 로고
    • The relations between structural changes in small airways and pulmonary-function tests
    • Cosio M, Ghezzo H, Hogg JC, et al. The relations between structural changes in small airways and pulmonary-function tests. N Engl J Med 1978; 298: 1277-1281.
    • (1978) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.298 , pp. 1277-1281
    • Cosio, M.1    Ghezzo, H.2    Hogg, J.C.3
  • 19
    • 0034231457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of current pharmacotherapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Culpitt SV, Rogers DF. Evaluation of current pharmacotherapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2000; 1: 1007-1020.
    • (2000) Expert. Opin. Pharmacother , vol.1 , pp. 1007-1020
    • Culpitt, S.V.1    Rogers, D.F.2
  • 20
    • 0032724630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel approaches and targets for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Barnes PJ. Novel approaches and targets for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: S72-S79.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.160
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 21
    • 0018067803 scopus 로고
    • Chronic obstructive lung disease: The role of airway disease, with special emphasis on the pathology of small airways
    • Niewoehner DE, Cosio MG. Chronic obstructive lung disease: the role of airway disease, with special emphasis on the pathology of small airways. Monogr Pathol 1978; 19: 160-179.
    • (1978) Monogr. Pathol , vol.19 , pp. 160-179
    • Niewoehner, D.E.1    Cosio, M.G.2
  • 22
    • 0014424329 scopus 로고
    • Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung disease
    • Hogg JC, Macklem PT, Thurlbeck WM. Site and nature of airway obstruction in chronic obstructive lung disease. N Engl J Med 1968; 278: 1355-1360.
    • (1968) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.278 , pp. 1355-1360
    • Hogg, J.C.1    Macklem, P.T.2    Thurlbeck, W.M.3
  • 23
    • 0010484784 scopus 로고
    • The basic lesion in chronic pulmonary emphysema
    • Spain DM, Kaufman G. The basic lesion in chronic pulmonary emphysema. Am Rev Tuberc 1953; 68: 24-30.
    • (1953) Am. Rev. Tuberc , vol.68 , pp. 24-30
    • Spain, D.M.1    Kaufman, G.2
  • 24
    • 0018891582 scopus 로고
    • Morphologic and morphometric effects of prolonged cigarette smoking on the small airways
    • Cosio MG, Hale KA, Niewoehner DE. Morphologic and morphometric effects of prolonged cigarette smoking on the small airways. Am Rev Respir Dis 1980; 122: 265-271.
    • (1980) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.122 , pp. 265-271
    • Cosio, M.G.1    Hale, K.A.2    Niewoehner, D.E.3
  • 25
    • 0023711895 scopus 로고
    • Airway inflammation and peribronchiolar attachments in the lungs of nonsmokers, current and ex-smokers
    • Wright JL, Hobson JE, Wiggs B, Pare PD, Hogg JC. Airway inflammation and peribronchiolar attachments in the lungs of nonsmokers, current and ex-smokers. Lung 1988; 166: 277-286.
    • (1988) Lung , vol.166 , pp. 277-286
    • Wright, J.L.1    Hobson, J.E.2    Wiggs, B.3    Pare, P.D.4    Hogg, J.C.5
  • 26
    • 0030071687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α in induced sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma
    • Keatings VM, Collins PD, Scott DM, Barnes PJ. Differences in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α in induced sputum from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153: 530-534.
    • (1996) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.153 , pp. 530-534
    • Keatings, V.M.1    Collins, P.D.2    Scott, D.M.3    Barnes, P.J.4
  • 27
    • 0031954369 scopus 로고
    • Structural and inflammatory changes in COPD: A comparison with asthma
    • Jeffery PK. Structural and inflammatory changes in COPD: a comparison with asthma. Thorax 1988; 53: 129-136.
    • (1988) Thorax , vol.53 , pp. 129-136
    • Jeffery, P.K.1
  • 28
    • 0031033609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse lung disease: Product of genetic susceptibility and environmental encounters
    • Lympany PA, du Bois RM. Diffuse lung disease: product of genetic susceptibility and environmental encounters. Thorax 1997; 52: 92-94.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52 , pp. 92-94
    • Lympany, P.A.1    du Bois, R.M.2
  • 29
    • 0031229979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway obstruction in interstitial lung disease
    • Chung MP, Rhee CH. Airway obstruction in interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 1997; 3: 332-335.
    • (1997) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med , vol.3 , pp. 332-335
    • Chung, M.P.1    Rhee, C.H.2
  • 31
    • 0029270126 scopus 로고
    • Interstitial lung disease: A diagnostic approach. Are the CTscan and lung biopsy indicated in every patient?
    • Raghu G. Interstitial lung disease: a diagnostic approach. Are the CTscan and lung biopsy indicated in every patient? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151: 909-914.
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.151 , pp. 909-914
    • Raghu, G.1
  • 32
    • 0031279317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the pulmonary structure-function relationship and clinical outcomes measures: Quantitative volumetric CT of the lung
    • Hoffman EA, McLennan G. Assessment of the pulmonary structure-function relationship and clinical outcomes measures: quantitative volumetric CT of the lung. Acad Radiol 1997, 4: 758-776.
    • (1997) Acad. Radiol , vol.4 , pp. 758-776
    • Hoffman, E.A.1    McLennan, G.2
  • 34
    • 0018823458 scopus 로고
    • Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: Response to corticosteroid treatment and its effect on survival
    • Turner-Warwick M, Burrows B, Johnson A. Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: response to corticosteroid treatment and its effect on survival. Thorax 1980; 35: 593-599.
    • (1980) Thorax , vol.35 , pp. 593-599
    • Turner-Warwick, M.1    Burrows, B.2    Johnson, A.3
  • 35
    • 0031730359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Current concepts
    • Ryu JH, Colby TV, Hartman TE. Ideopathic pulmonary fibrosis: current concepts. Mayo Clin Proc 1998; 73: 1085-1101.
    • (1998) Mayo Clin. Proc , vol.73 , pp. 1085-1101
    • Ryu, J.H.1    Colby, T.V.2    Hartman, T.E.3
  • 36
    • 0026080725 scopus 로고
    • NHLBI Workshop summary. Current concepts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A road map for the future
    • Cherniack RM, Crystal RG, Kalica AR. NHLBI Workshop summary. Current concepts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a road map for the future. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143: 680-683.
    • (1991) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.143 , pp. 680-683
    • Cherniack, R.M.1    Crystal, R.G.2    Kalica, A.R.3
  • 37
    • 0017671139 scopus 로고
    • Small airways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Comparison of morphologic and physiologic observations
    • Fulmer JD, Roberts WC, von Gal ER, Crystal RG. Small airways in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Comparison of morphologic and physiologic observations. J Clin Invest 1977; 60: 595-610.
    • (1977) J. Clin. Invest , vol.60 , pp. 595-610
    • Fulmer, J.D.1    Roberts, W.C.2    von Gal, E.R.3    Crystal, R.G.4
  • 39
    • 0027712613 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis
    • Kuhn C. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Monogr Pathol 1993; 36: 78-92.
    • (1993) Monogr. Pathol , vol.36 , pp. 78-92
    • Kuhn, C.1
  • 40
    • 0018084682 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. Clinicopathologic correlations in 20 patients treated with prednisone/azathioprine
    • Winterbauer RH, Hammar SP, Hallman KO, et al. Diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. Clinicopathologic correlations in 20 patients treated with prednisone/azathioprine. Am J Med 1978; 65: 6 61-672.
    • (1978) Am. J. Med , vol.65 , pp. 661-672
    • Winterbauer, R.H.1    Hammar, S.P.2    Hallman, K.O.3
  • 41
    • 0031647170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary sarcoidosis: Morphologic associations of airflow obstruction at thin-section CT
    • Hansell DM, Milne DG, Wilsher ML, Wells AU. Pulmonary sarcoidosis: morphologic associations of airflow obstruction at thin-section CT. Radiology 1998; 209: 697-704.
    • (1998) Radiology , vol.209 , pp. 697-704
    • Hansell, D.M.1    Milne, D.G.2    Wilsher, M.L.3    Wells, A.U.4
  • 42
    • 0025390551 scopus 로고
    • The alveolar macrophage in sarcoidosis
    • du Bois RM. The alveolar macrophage in sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 1990; 7: 15-18.
    • (1990) Sarcoidosis , vol.7 , pp. 15-18
    • du Bois, R.M.1
  • 43
    • 0032175034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constrictive (obliterative) bronchiolitis: Diagnosis, etiology, and a critical review of the literature
    • Schlesinger C, Meyer CA, Veeraraghavan S, Koss MN. Constrictive (obliterative) bronchiolitis: diagnosis, etiology, and a critical review of the literature. Ann Diagn Pathol 1998; 2: 321-334.
    • (1998) Ann. Diagn. Pathol , vol.2 , pp. 321-334
    • Schlesinger, C.1    Meyer, C.A.2    Veeraraghavan, S.3    Koss, M.N.4
  • 44
    • 0031983564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologic considerations
    • Colby TV Bronchiolitis
    • Colby TV Bronchiolitis. Pathologic considerations. Am J Clin Pathol 1998; 109: 101-109.
    • (1998) Am. J. Clin. Pathol , vol.109 , pp. 101-109
  • 45
    • 0030950254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obliterative bronchiolitis: Individual CT signs of small airways disease and functional correlation
    • Hansell DM, Rubens MB, Padley SP, Wells AU. Obliterative bronchiolitis: individual CT signs of small airways disease and functional correlation. Radiology 1997; 203: 721-726.
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.203 , pp. 721-726
    • Hansell, D.M.1    Rubens, M.B.2    Padley, S.P.3    Wells, A.U.4
  • 46
  • 47
    • 0026026201 scopus 로고
    • Similarity of pulmonary rejection patterns among heart-lung and double-lung transplant recipients
    • Keenan RJ, Bruzzone P, Paradis IL, et al. Similarity of pulmonary rejection patterns among heart-lung and double-lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 1991; 51: 176-180.
    • (1991) Transplantation , vol.51 , pp. 176-180
    • Keenan, R.J.1    Bruzzone, P.2    Paradis, I.L.3
  • 48
    • 0029862649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in recipients of heart-lung transplantation: Early risk factors
    • Sharples LD, Tamm M, McNeil K, Higenbottam TW, Stewart S, Wallwork J. Development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in recipients of heart-lung transplantation: early risk factors. Transplantation 1996; 61: 560-566.
    • (1996) Transplantation , vol.61 , pp. 560-566
    • Sharples, L.D.1    Tamm, M.2    McNeil, K.3    Higenbottam, T.W.4    Stewart, S.5    Wallwork, J.6
  • 49
    • 0023687325 scopus 로고
    • Immunologically mediated disease of the airways after pulmonary transplantation
    • Griffith BP, Paradis IL, Zeevi A, et al. Immunologically mediated disease of the airways after pulmonary transplantation. Ann Surg 1988; 208: 371-378.
    • (1988) Ann. Surg , vol.208 , pp. 371-378
    • Griffith, B.P.1    Paradis, I.L.2    Zeevi, A.3
  • 50
    • 0026701981 scopus 로고
    • The immuno histopathology of obliterative bronchiolitis following lung transplantation
    • Milne DS, Gascoigne AD, Wilkes J, et al. The immuno histopathology of obliterative bronchiolitis following lung transplantation. Transplantation 1992; 54: 748-750.
    • (1992) Transplantation , vol.54 , pp. 748-750
    • Milne, D.S.1    Gascoigne, A.D.2    Wilkes, J.3
  • 51
    • 0028233319 scopus 로고
    • MHC class II and ICAM-1 expression and lymphocyte subsets in transbronchial biopsies from lung transplant recipients
    • Milne DS, Gascoigne AD, Wilkes J, et al. MHC class II and ICAM-1 expression and lymphocyte subsets in transbronchial biopsies from lung transplant recipients. Transplantation 1994; 57: 1762-1766.
    • (1994) Transplantation , vol.57 , pp. 1762-1766
    • Milne, D.S.1    Gascoigne, A.D.2    Wilkes, J.3
  • 52
    • 0034066561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway neutrophilia in stable and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome patients following lung transplantation
    • Zheng L, Walters EH, Ward C, et al. Airway neutrophilia in stable and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome patients following lung transplantation. Thorax 2000; 55: 53-59.
    • (2000) Thorax , vol.55 , pp. 53-59
    • Zheng, L.1    Walters, E.H.2    Ward, C.3
  • 53
    • 0031801564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross sectional study of exhaled nitric oxide levels following lung transplantation
    • Fisher AJ, Gabbay E, Small T, Doig S, Dark JH, Corris PA. Cross sectional study of exhaled nitric oxide levels following lung transplantation. Thorax 1998; 53: 454-458.
    • (1998) Thorax , vol.53 , pp. 454-458
    • Fisher, A.J.1    Gabbay, E.2    Small, T.3    Doig, S.4    Dark, J.H.5    Corris, P.A.6
  • 54
    • 0027177991 scopus 로고
    • Single lung transplantation. Morphological surveillance by transbronchial biopsy
    • Foerster A, Bjortuft O, Geiran O, Rollag H, Leivestad T, Froysaker T. Single lung transplantation. Morphological surveillance by transbronchial biopsy APMIS 1993; 101: 455-466.
    • (1993) APMIS , vol.101 , pp. 455-466
    • Foerster, A.1    Bjortuft, O.2    Geiran, O.3    Rollag, H.4    Leivestad, T.5    Froysaker, T.6
  • 55
    • 0033801665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring central and peripheral airway inflammation in asthma
    • Holz O, Jörres A, Magnussen H. Monitoring central and peripheral airway inflammation in asthma. Respir Med 2000; 94: S7-S12.
    • (2000) Respir. Med , vol.94
    • Holz, O.1    Jörres, A.2    Magnussen, H.3
  • 56
    • 0033044857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced sputum for the investigation of airway inflammation: Evidence for its clinical application
    • Hargreave FE. Induced sputum for the investigation of airway inflammation: evidence for its clinical application. Can Respir J 1999; 6: 169-174.
    • (1999) Can. Respir. J , vol.6 , pp. 169-174
    • Hargreave, F.E.1
  • 58
    • 0031731419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sputum eosinophilia predicts benefit from prednisone in smokers with chronic obstructive bronchitis
    • Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MM, Gibson P, et al. Sputum eosinophilia predicts benefit from prednisone in smokers with chronic obstructive bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 158: 1511-1517.
    • (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.158 , pp. 1511-1517
    • Pizzichini, E.1    Pizzichini, M.M.2    Gibson, P.3
  • 59
    • 0033902029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced sputum: Diagnostic value in interstitial lung disease
    • Olivieri D, D'Ippolito R, Chetta A. Induced sputum: diagnostic value in interstitial lung disease. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2000; 6: 411-414.
    • (2000) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med , vol.6 , pp. 411-414
    • Olivieri, D.1    D'Ippolito, R.2    Chetta, A.3
  • 60
    • 0027752988 scopus 로고
    • Sputum measurements to assess airway inflammation in asthma
    • Hargreave FE, Popov T, Kidney J, Dolovich J. Sputum measurements to assess airway inflammation in asthma. Allergy 1993; 48: 81-83.
    • (1993) Allergy , vol.48 , pp. 81-83
    • Hargreave, F.E.1    Popov, T.2    Kidney, J.3    Dolovich, J.4
  • 62
    • 0031059872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte activation markers in induced sputum: Comparison between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and normal subjects
    • Keatings VM, Barnes PJ. Granulocyte activation markers in induced sputum: comparison between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and normal subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155: 449-453.
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 449-453
    • Keatings, V.M.1    Barnes, P.J.2
  • 63
    • 0031045480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell infiltration, ICAM-1 expression, and eosinophil chemotactic activity in asthmatic sputum
    • Louis R, Shute J, Biagi S, et al. Cell infiltration, ICAM-1 expression, and eosinophil chemotactic activity in asthmatic sputum. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155: 466-472.
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 466-472
    • Louis, R.1    Shute, J.2    Biagi, S.3
  • 65
    • 0030949914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sputum in severe exacerbations of asthma: Kinetics of inflammatory indices after prednisone treatment
    • Pizzichini MM, Pizzichini E, Clelland L, et al. Sputum in severe exacerbations of asthma: kinetics of inflammatory indices after prednisone treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155: 1501-1508.
    • (1997) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 1501-1508
    • Pizzichini, M.M.1    Pizzichini, E.2    Clelland, L.3
  • 66
    • 0032993355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-invasive biomarkers of asthma
    • Chung KF. Non-invasive biomarkers of asthma. Pediatr Pulmonol 1999; 18(Suppl): 41-44.
    • (1999) Pediatr. Pulmonol , vol.18 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 41-44
    • Chung, K.F.1
  • 67
    • 0031698008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol compared with beclomethasone in eosinophilic mild exacerbations of asthma: A randomized, placebo controlled trial
    • Turner MO, Johnston PR, Pizzichini E, Pizzichini MM, Hussack PA, Hargreave FE. Anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol compared with beclomethasone in eosinophilic mild exacerbations of asthma: a randomized, placebo controlled trial. Can Respir J 1998; 5: 261-268.
    • (1998) Can Respir. J , vol.5 , pp. 261-268
    • Turner, M.O.1    Johnston, P.R.2    Pizzichini, E.3    Pizzichini, M.M.4    Hussack, P.A.5    Hargreave, F.E.6
  • 68
    • 0029873307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of salmeterol compared with bedomethasone on allergen-induced asthmatic and inflammatory responses
    • Pizzichini MM, Kidney JC, Wong BJ, et al. Effect of salmeterol compared with bedomethasone on allergen-induced asthmatic and inflammatory responses. Eur Respir J 1996; 9: 449-455.
    • (1996) Eur. Respir. J , vol.9 , pp. 449-455
    • Pizzichini, M.M.1    Kidney, J.C.2    Wong, B.J.3
  • 69
    • 0033060321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of differing doses of inhaled budesonide on markers of airway inflammation in patients with mild asthma
    • Jatakanon A, Kharitonov S, Lim S, Barnes PJ. Effect of differing doses of inhaled budesonide on markers of airway inflammation in patients with mild asthma. Thorax 1999; 54: 108-114.
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 108-114
    • Jatakanon, A.1    Kharitonov, S.2    Lim, S.3    Barnes, P.J.4
  • 70
    • 0032924480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhaled budesonide on lung function and airway inflammation. Assessment by various inflammatory markers in mild asthma
    • Lim S, Jatakanon A, John M, et al. Effect of inhaled budesonide on lung function and airway inflammation. Assessment by various inflammatory markers in mild asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159: 22-30.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 22-30
    • Lim, S.1    Jatakanon, A.2    John, M.3
  • 71
    • 0031790204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An inhaled steroid improves markers of airway inflammation in patients with mild asthma
    • Jatakanon A, Lim S, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. An inhaled steroid improves markers of airway inflammation in patients with mild asthma. Eur Respir J 1998; 12: 1084-1088.
    • (1998) Eur. Respir. J , vol.12 , pp. 1084-1088
    • Jatakanon, A.1    Lim, S.2    Chung, K.F.3    Barnes, P.J.4
  • 72
    • 0032922825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhaled steroids on airway hyperresponsiveness, sputum eosinophils, and exhaled nitric oxide levels in patients with asthma
    • van Rensen EL, Straathof KC, Veselic-Charvat MA, Zwinderman AH, Bel EH, Sterk PJ. Effect of inhaled steroids on airway hyperresponsiveness, sputum eosinophils, and exhaled nitric oxide levels in patients with asthma. Thorax 1999; 54: 403-408.
    • (1999) Thorax , vol.54 , pp. 403-408
    • van Rensen, E.L.1    Straathof, K.C.2    Veselic-Charvat, M.A.3    Zwinderman, A.H.4    Bel, E.H.5    Sterk, P.J.6
  • 74
    • 0029152965 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of samples collected by sputum induction and bronchoscopy from asthmatic and healthy subjects
    • Fahy JV, Wong H, Liu J, Boushey HA, Comparison of samples collected by sputum induction and bronchoscopy from asthmatic and healthy subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152: 53-58.
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.152 , pp. 53-58
    • Fahy, J.V.1    Wong, H.2    Liu, J.3    Boushey, H.A.4
  • 76
    • 0031799196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small airway and alveolar tissue changes in nocturnal asthma
    • Martin RJ. Small airway and alveolar tissue changes in nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: S188-S190.
    • (1998) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.157
    • Martin, R.J.1
  • 79
    • 0031054821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the large and small airways of asthmatics
    • Carroll N, Cooke C, James A. The distribution of eosinophils and lymphocytes in the large and small airways of asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1997; 10: 292-300.
    • (1997) Eur. Respir. J , vol.10 , pp. 292-300
    • Carroll, N.1    Cooke, C.2    James, A.3
  • 80
    • 0033959782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral airway findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using an ultrathin bronchoscope
    • Kikawada M, Ichinose Y, Miyamoto D, Minemura K, Takasaki M, Toyama K. Peripheral airway findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using an ultrathin bronchoscope. Eur Respir J 2000; 15: 105-108.
    • (2000) Eur. Respir. J , vol.15 , pp. 105-108
    • Kikawada, M.1    Ichinose, Y.2    Miyamoto, D.3    Minemura, K.4    Takasaki, M.5    Toyama, K.6
  • 81
    • 0034038408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of inflammatory mediators in small-airway epithelium from tobacco smokers
    • Takizawa H, Tanaka M, Takami K, et al. Increased expression of inflammatory mediators in small-airway epithelium from tobacco smokers. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2000; 278: L906-L913.
    • (2000) Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol , vol.278
    • Takizawa, H.1    Tanaka, M.2    Takami, K.3
  • 83
    • 0028783387 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic diagnosis and function in asthma
    • Cherniack RM. Physiologic diagnosis and function in asthma. Clin Chest Med 1995; 16: 567-581.
    • (1995) Clin. Chest Med , vol.16 , pp. 567-581
    • Cherniack, R.M.1
  • 84
    • 0027462811 scopus 로고
    • Airway responsiveness. Standardized challenge testing with pharmacological, physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults
    • Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official statement of the European Respiratory Society
    • Sterk PJ, Fabbri LM, Quanjer PH, et al. Airway responsiveness. Standardized challenge testing with pharmacological, physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Official statement of the European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J 1993; 16(Suppl): 53-83.
    • (1993) Eur. Respir. J , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 53-83
    • Sterk, P.J.1    Fabbri, L.M.2    Quanjer, P.H.3
  • 85
    • 0031811962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of smokers susceptible to development of chronic airflow limitation: A 13-year follow-up
    • Stanescu D, Sanna A, Veriter C, Robert A. Identification of smokers susceptible to development of chronic airflow limitation: a 13-year follow-up. Chest 1998; 114: 416-425.
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , pp. 416-425
    • Stanescu, D.1    Sanna, A.2    Veriter, C.3    Robert, A.4
  • 86
    • 0032802811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small airways obstruction syndrome
    • Stanescu D. Small airways obstruction syndrome. Chest 1999; 116: 231-233.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , pp. 231-233
    • Stanescu, D.1
  • 87
    • 0017110590 scopus 로고
    • The influence of clinical factors on site of airway obstruction in asthma
    • Antic R, Macklem PT. The influence of clinical factors on site of airway obstruction in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1976; 114: 851-859.
    • (1976) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.114 , pp. 851-859
    • Antic, R.1    Macklem, P.T.2
  • 88
    • 0026654934 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic evaluation of asthma
    • Kamp DW. Physiologic evaluation of asthma. Chest 1992; 101(Suppl): 396S-400S.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.101 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Kamp, D.W.1
  • 89
    • 0021256105 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of dyspnea. Contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes
    • Mahler DA, Weinberg DH, Wells CK, Feinstein AR. The measurement of dyspnea. Contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes. Chest 1984; 85: 751-758.
    • (1984) Chest , vol.85 , pp. 751-758
    • Mahler, D.A.1    Weinberg, D.H.2    Wells, C.K.3    Feinstein, A.R.4
  • 91
    • 0028915008 scopus 로고
    • Heterogeneity of airways obstruction in asthmatic patients using high-resolution computed tomography
    • Paganin F, Vignola AM, Seneterre E, Bruel JM, Chanez P, Bousquet J. Heterogeneity of airways obstruction in asthmatic patients using high-resolution computed tomography. Chest 1995; 107(Suppl): 145S-146S.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Paganin, F.1    Vignola, A.M.2    Seneterre, E.3    Bruel, J.M.4    Chanez, P.5    Bousquet, J.6
  • 92
    • 0032988105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of airways in obstructive pulmonary disease using high-resolution computed tomography
    • King GG, Muller NL, Pare PD. Evaluation of airways in obstructive pulmonary disease using high-resolution computed tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 159: 992-1004.
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 992-1004
    • King, G.G.1    Muller, N.L.2    Pare, P.D.3
  • 93
    • 0031876309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway hyperreactivity: Assessment with helical thin-section CT
    • Goldin JG, McNitt-Gray MF, Sorenson SM, et al. Airway hyperreactivity: assessment with helical thin-section CT. Radiology 1998; 208: 321-329.
    • (1998) Radiology , vol.208 , pp. 321-329
    • Goldin, J.G.1    McNitt-Gray, M.F.2    Sorenson, S.M.3
  • 94
    • 0033407462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of hydrofluoroalkane and chlorofluorocarbon beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation on small airways: Assessment with functional helical thin-section computed tomography
    • Goldin JD, Tashkin DP, Kleerup EC, et al. Comparative effects of hydrofluoroalkane and chlorofluorocarbon beclomethasone dipropionate inhalation on small airways: assessment with functional helical thin-section computed tomography. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999; 104: S258-S267.
    • (1999) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.104
    • Goldin, J.D.1    Tashkin, D.P.2    Kleerup, E.C.3
  • 95
    • 0031460244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and testing of image-processing methods for the quantitative assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness from high-resolution CT images
    • McNitt-Gray MF, Goldin JG, Johnson TD, Tashkin DP, Aberle DR. Development and testing of image-processing methods for the quantitative assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness from high-resolution CT images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1997; 21: 939-947.
    • (1997) J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr , vol.21 , pp. 939-947
    • McNitt-Gray, M.F.1    Goldin, J.G.2    Johnson, T.D.3    Tashkin, D.P.4    Aberle, D.R.5
  • 96
    • 0030137730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution computed tomography of airway changes after induced bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation in asthmatic volunteers
    • Kee ST, Fahy JV, Chen DR, Gamsu G. High-resolution computed tomography of airway changes after induced bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation in asthmatic volunteers. Acad Radiol 1996; 3: 389-394.
    • (1996) Acad. Radiol , vol.3 , pp. 389-394
    • Kee, S.T.1    Fahy, J.V.2    Chen, D.R.3    Gamsu, G.4
  • 99
    • 0031397685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3He MRI: Preliminary clinical experience in 18 patients with and without lung disease
    • 3He MRI: preliminary clinical experience in 18 patients with and without lung disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7: 538-543.
    • (1997) J. Magn. Reson. Imaging , vol.7 , pp. 538-543
    • Kauczor, H.U.1    Ebert, M.2    Kreitner, K.F.3
  • 100
    • 0034322272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional MR imaging of pulmonary ventilation using hyperpolarized noble gases
    • Guenther D, Hanisch G, Kauczor HU. Functional MR imaging of pulmonary ventilation using hyperpolarized noble gases. Acta Radiol 2000; 41: 519-528.
    • (2000) Acta Radiol , vol.41 , pp. 519-528
    • Guenther, D.1    Hanisch, G.2    Kauczor, H.U.3
  • 101
    • 0031629304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI using hyperpolarized noble gases
    • Kauczor H, Surkau R, Roberts T. MRI using hyperpolarized noble gases. Eur Radiol 1998; 8: 820-827.
    • (1998) Eur. Radiol , vol.8 , pp. 820-827
    • Kauczor, H.1    Surkau, R.2    Roberts, T.3
  • 102
    • 0020055763 scopus 로고
    • Do oral and inhaled terbutaline have different effects on the lung?
    • Shaw RJ, Waller JF, Hetzel MR, Clark TJ. Do oral and inhaled terbutaline have different effects on the lung? Br J Dis Chest 1982; 76: 171-176.
    • (1982) Br. J. Dis. Chest , vol.76 , pp. 171-176
    • Shaw, R.J.1    Waller, J.F.2    Hetzel, M.R.3    Clark, T.J.4
  • 103
    • 0031764410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma
    • Barnes PJ. Efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102: 531-538.
    • (1998) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 531-538
    • Barnes, P.J.1
  • 104
    • 0031034624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British guidelines on asthma management: 1995; review and position statement
    • British Asthma Guidelines Co-ordinating Committee
    • British Asthma Guidelines Co-ordinating Committee. British guidelines on asthma management: 1995; review and position statement. Thorax 1997; 52: S1-S24.
    • (1997) Thorax , vol.52
  • 105
    • 85031445346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Asthma Education and Prevention Programme. Expert Panel Report 2. Clinical Practice Guidelines NIH Publication No. 97-4051
    • National Asthma Education and Prevention Programme. Expert Panel Report 2. Clinical Practice Guidelines, 1997. NIH Publication No. 97-4051.
    • (1997)
  • 107
    • 0029091872 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lung deposition patterns between different asthma inhalers
    • Newman SP. A comparison of lung deposition patterns between different asthma inhalers. J Aerosol Med 1995; 8: S21-S26.
    • (1995) J. Aerosol. Med , vol.8
    • Newman, S.P.1
  • 108
    • 0003736032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases. USDHHS NIH Publication No. 2701A
    • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. USDHHS, 2001. NIH Publication No. 2701A.
    • (2001)
  • 109
    • 0026389762 scopus 로고
    • Azathioprine combined with prednisone in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial
    • Raghu G, Depaso WJ, Cain K, et al. Azathioprine combined with prednisone in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled clinical trial. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144: 291-296.
    • (1991) Am. Rev. Respir. Dis , vol.144 , pp. 291-296
    • Raghu, G.1    Depaso, W.J.2    Cain, K.3
  • 110
    • 0024547095 scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial comparing prednisolone alone with cyclophosphamide and low dose prednisolone in combination in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
    • Johnson MA, Kwan S, Snell NJ, Nunn AJ, Darbyshire JH, Turner-Warwick M. Randomised controlled trial comparing prednisolone alone with cyclophosphamide and low dose prednisolone in combination in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax 1989; 44: 280-288.
    • (1989) Thorax , vol.44 , pp. 280-288
    • Johnson, M.A.1    Kwan, S.2    Snell, N.J.3    Nunn, A.J.4    Darbyshire, J.H.5    Turner-Warwick, M.6
  • 111
    • 0029995678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticosteroids and the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Past, present, and future
    • Mapel DW, Samet JM, Coultas DB. Corticosteroids and the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Past, present, and future. Chest 1996; 110: 1058-1067.
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , pp. 1058-1067
    • Mapel, D.W.1    Samet, J.M.2    Coultas, D.B.3
  • 112
    • 0034011982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Diagnosis and treatment. International consensus statement
    • American Thoracic Society. American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS)
    • American Thoracic Society. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: diagnosis and treatment. International consensus statement. American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161: 646-664.
    • (2000) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med , vol.161 , pp. 646-664
  • 113
    • 0033592753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of long-term treatment with interferon gamma-1b and low-dose prednisolone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
    • Ziesche RE, Hofbauer K, Wittmann K, Petkov V, Block LH. A preliminary study of long-term treatment with interferon gamma-1b and low-dose prednisolone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1264-1269.
    • (1999) N. Engl. J. Med , vol.341 , pp. 1264-1269
    • Ziesche, R.E.1    Hofbauer, K.2    Wittmann, K.3    Petkov, V.4    Block, L.H.5
  • 114
    • 0022627442 scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology and response to steroid therapy in sarcoidosis
    • Ploysongsang Y, Roberts RD. The pathophysiology and response to steroid therapy in sarcoidosis. Respiration 1986; 49: 204-215.
    • (1986) Respiration , vol.49 , pp. 204-215
    • Ploysongsang, Y.1    Roberts, R.D.2
  • 115
    • 0030900530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome in sarcoidosis. The relationship of relapse to corticosteroid therapy
    • Gottlieb JE, Israel HL, Steiner RM, Triolo J, Patrick H. Outcome in sarcoidosis. The relationship of relapse to corticosteroid therapy. Chest 1997; 111: 623-631.
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , pp. 623-631
    • Gottlieb, J.E.1    Israel, H.L.2    Steiner, R.M.3    Triolo, J.4    Patrick, H.5
  • 116
    • 0016192029 scopus 로고
    • A ten-year study of corticosteroid treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis
    • Johns CJ, Zachary JB, Ball WC Jr. A ten-year study of corticosteroid treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Johns Hopkins Med J 1974; 134: 271-283.
    • (1974) Johns Hopkins Med. J , vol.134 , pp. 271-283
    • Johns, C.J.1    Zachary, J.B.2    Ball W.C., Jr.3
  • 117
    • 0032792702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in chronic stable pulmonary sarcoidosis: A pilot study
    • du Bois RM, Greenhalgh PM, Southcott AM, Johnson NM, Harris TA. Randomized trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in chronic stable pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pilot study. Eur Respir J 1999; 13: 1345-1350.
    • (1999) Eur. Respir. J , vol.13 , pp. 1345-1350
    • du Bois, R.M.1    Greenhalgh, P.M.2    Southcott, A.M.3    Johnson, N.M.4    Harris, T.A.5
  • 119
    • 0027310925 scopus 로고
    • Inhaled budesonide vs prednisone in the maintenance treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis
    • Zych D, Pawlicka L, Zielinski J. Inhaled budesonide vs prednisone in the maintenance treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 1993; 10: 56-61.
    • (1993) Sarcoidosis , vol.10 , pp. 56-61
    • Zych, D.1    Pawlicka, L.2    Zielinski, J.3
  • 120
    • 0023711085 scopus 로고
    • Inhaled budesonide influences cellular and biochemical abnormalities in pulmonary sarcoidosis
    • Erkkila S, Froseth B, Hellstrom PE, et al. Inhaled budesonide influences cellular and biochemical abnormalities in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis 1988; 5: 106-110.
    • (1988) Sarcoidosis , vol.5 , pp. 106-110
    • Erkkila, S.1    Froseth, B.2    Hellstrom, P.E.3
  • 121
    • 0024597749 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of sarcoidosis patients by steroid aerosol: A ten-year prospective study from Eastern India
    • Gupta SK. Treatment of sarcoidosis patients by steroid aerosol: a ten-year prospective study from Eastern India. Sarcoidosis 1989; 6: 51-54.
    • (1989) Sarcoidosis , vol.6 , pp. 51-54
    • Gupta, S.K.1
  • 122
    • 0032813119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral prednisolone followed by inhaled budesonide in newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-center study
    • Finnish Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Study Group
    • Pietinalho A, Tukiainen P, Haahtela T, Persson T, Selroos O. Oral prednisolone followed by inhaled budesonide in newly diagnosed pulmonary sarcoidosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-center study. Finnish Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Study Group. Chest 1999; 116: 424-431.
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , pp. 424-431
    • Pietinalho, A.1    Tukiainen, P.2    Haahtela, T.3    Persson, T.4    Selroos, O.5
  • 123
    • 0029068391 scopus 로고
    • Inhaled budesonide in pulmonary sarcoidosis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Dutch Study Group on Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
    • Alberts C, van der Mark TW, Jansen HM. Inhaled budesonide in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study Dutch Study Group on Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. Eur Respir J 1995; 8: 682-688.
    • (1995) Eur. Respir. J , vol.8 , pp. 682-688
    • Alberts, C.1    van der Mark, T.W.2    Jansen, H.M.3
  • 124
    • 0027998864 scopus 로고
    • No effect of high-dose inhaled steroids in pulmonary sarcoidosis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Milman N, Graudal N, Grode G, Munch E. No effect of high-dose inhaled steroids in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Intern Med 1994; 236: 285-290.
    • (1994) J. Intern. Med , vol.236 , pp. 285-290
    • Milman, N.1    Graudal, N.2    Grode, G.3    Munch, E.4
  • 125
    • 0029778747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methotrexate can halt the progression of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients
    • Dusmet M, Maurer J, Winton T, Kesten S. Methotrexate can halt the progression of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 1996; 15: 948-954.
    • (1996) J. Heart Lung Transplant , vol.15 , pp. 948-954
    • Dusmet, M.1    Maurer, J.2    Winton, T.3    Kesten, S.4
  • 126
    • 0030297035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stanford experience with obliterative bronchiolitis after lung and heart-lung transplantation
    • discussion 1472-1473
    • Reichenspurner H, Girgis RE, Robbins RC, et al. Stanford experience with obliterative bronchiolitis after lung and heart-lung transplantation. Ann Thoroc Surg 1996; 62: 1467-1472: discussion 1472-1473.
    • (1996) Ann. Thoroc. Surg , vol.62 , pp. 1467-1472
    • Reichenspurner, H.1    Girgis, R.E.2    Robbins, R.C.3
  • 129
    • 0028860189 scopus 로고
    • Effects of inhaled nebulized steroids (budesonide) on acute and chronic lung function in heart-lung transplant patients
    • Takao M, Higenbottam TW, Audley T, Otulana BA, Wallwork J. Effects of inhaled nebulized steroids (budesonide) on acute and chronic lung function in heart-lung transplant patients. Transplant Proc 1995; 27: 1284-1285.
    • (1995) Transplant. Proc , vol.27 , pp. 1284-1285
    • Takao, M.1    Higenbottam, T.W.2    Audley, T.3    Otulana, B.A.4    Wallwork, J.5
  • 130
    • 0030748642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case report of a double-blind, randomized trial of inhaled steroids in a patient with lung transplant bronchiolitis obliterans
    • Speich R, Boehler A, Russi EW, Weder W. A case report of a double-blind, randomized trial of inhaled steroids in a patient with lung transplant bronchiolitis obliterans. Respiration 1997; 64: 375-380.
    • (1997) Respiration , vol.64 , pp. 375-380
    • Speich, R.1    Boehler, A.2    Russi, E.W.3    Weder, W.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.