Inflammation in asthma: The cornerstone of the disease and target of therapy

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 102, Issue 4 SUPPL., 1998, Pages

  Busse, William W ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b University of Wisconsin Health   (United States)

Author keywords

Asthma; Drug therapy; Etiology; Glucocorticoids; Inflammation mediators; Inhalation drug administration

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; THEOPHYLLINE DERIVATIVE; ZILEUTON;

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ASTHMA; BRONCHUS HYPERREACTIVITY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; DRUG EFFICACY; EOSINOPHIL; HUMAN; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; INFLAMMATION; LYMPHOCYTE; MAST CELL; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ASTHMA; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION;

EID: 0031736852     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70002-8     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Holgate ST. Asthma: a dynamic disease of inflammation and repair. In: Chadwick D, Cardew G, editors. The rising trends in asthma. Ciba Foundation Symposium 206. Chichester (UK): John Wiley and Sons; 1997. p. 5-34.
2. Dunnill MS, Massarella GR, Andersen JA. A comparison of the quantitative anatomy of the bronchi in normal subjects, in status asthmaticus, in chronic bronchitis, and in emphysema. Thorax 1969;24:176-9.
3. Dunnill MS. The pathology of asthma, with special reference to changes in the bronchial mucosa. J Clin Pathol 1960;13:27-33.
4. Beasley R, Roche WR, Roberts JA, Holgate ST. Cellular events in the bronchi in mild asthma and after bronchial provocation. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:806-17.
5. Jeffery PK, Wardlaw AJ, Nelson FC, Collins JV, Kay AB. Bronchial biopsies in asthma: an ultrastructural, quantitative study and correlation with hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:1745-53.
6. Bousquet J, Chanez P, Lacoste JY, Barnéon G, Ghavanian N, Enander I, et al. Eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1033-9.
7. Kirby JG, Hargreave FE, Gleich GJ, O'Byrne PM. Bronchoalveolar cell profiles of asthmatic and nonasthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;136:379-83.
8. National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert Panel Report 2: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda (MD): NIH/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, April 1997. Publication No. 97-4051.
9. Weersink EJM, Postma DS, Aalbers R, de Monchy JGR. Early and late asthmatic reaction after allergen challenge. Respir Med 1994;88:103-14.
10. O'Byrne PM, Dolovich J, Hargreave FE. Late asthmatic responses. Am Rev Respir Dis 1987;136:740-51.
11. Shaver JR, Zangrilli JG, Cho S-K, Cirelli RA, Pollice M, Hastie AT, et al. Kinetics of the development and recovery of the lung from IgE-mediated inflammation: dissociation of pulmonary eosinophilia, lung injury, and eosinophil-active cytokines. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:442-8.
12. Sedgwick JB, Calhoun WJ, Gleich GJ, Kita H, Abrams JS, Schwartz LB, et al. Immediate and late airway response of allergic rhinitis patients to segmental antigen challenge. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;144:1274-81.
13. Roche WR. Fibroblasts and asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 1991;21:545-8.
14. Castells M, Friend D, Bunnell C, Austen KF. Identification and immuno-typing of committed non-granulated mast cell precursors in the peripheral blood of a patient with aggressive systemic mastocytosis [abstract], FASEB J 1995;9:A1047.
15. Wenzel SE, Fowler AA III, Schwartz LB. Activation of pulmonary mast cells by bronchoalveolar allergen challenge: in vivo release of histamine and tryptase in atopic subjects with and without asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988;137:1002-8.
16. Aalbers R, Kauffman HF, Vrugt B, Smith M, Koëter GH, Timens W, et al. Bronchial lavage and bronchoalveolar lavage in allergen-induced single early and dual asthmatic responders. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:76-81.
17. Wenzel SE, Westcott JY, Larsen GL. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mediator levels 5 minutes after allergen challenge in atopic subjects with asthma: relationship to the development of late asthmatic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87:540-8.
18. Wenzel SE, Larsen GL, Johnston K, Voelkel NF, Westcott JY. Elevated levels of leukotriene C4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from atopic asthmatics after endobronchial allergen challenge. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;142:112-9.
19. Bradding P, Okayama Y, Howarth PH, Church MK, Holgate ST. Heterogeneity of human mast cells based on cytokine content. J Immunol 1995;155:297-307.
20. Djukanovic R, Wilson JW, Britten KM, Wilson SJ, Walls AF, Roche WR, et al. Effect of an inhaled corticosteroid on airway inflammation and symptoms in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:669-74.
21. Jeffery PK, Godfrey RW, Ädelroth E, Nelson F, Rogers A, Johansson S-A. Effects of treatment on airway inflammation and thickening of basement membrane reticular collagen in asthma: a quantitative light and electron microscopic study. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;145:890-9.
22. Schleimer RP. Effects of glucocorticoids on inflammatory cells relevant to their therapeutic applications in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141(suppl):S59-69.
23. Schleimer RP, Schulman ES, MacGlashan DW Jr, Peters SP, Hayes EC, Adams GK III, et al. Effects of dexamethasone on mediator release from human lung fragments and purified human lung mast cells. J Clin Invest 1983;71:1830-5.
24. Cohan VL, Undem BJ, Fox CC, Adkinson NF Jr, Lichtenstein LM, Schleimer RP. Dexamethasone does not inhibit the release of mediators from human mast cells residing in airway, intestine, or skin. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:951-4.
25. Church MK, Young Ko. The characteristics of inhibition of histamine release from human lung fragments by sodium cromoglycate, salbutamol, and chlorpromazine. Br J Pharmacol 1983;78:671-9.
26. Flint KC, Leung KBD, Pearce FL, Hudspith BN, Brostoff J, Johnson NM. Human mast cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage: their morphology, histamine release and effects of sodium cromoglycate. Clin Sci 1985;68:427-32.
27. Marquardt DL, Walker LL, Wasserman SI. Cromolyn inhibition of mediator release in mast cells derived from mouse bone marrow. Am Rev Respir Dis 1986;133:1105-9.
28. Thomson NC. Nedocromil sodium: an overview. Respir Med 1989;83:269-76.
29. Hoag JE, McFadden ER Jr. Long-term effect of cromolyn sodium on nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness: a review. Ann Allergy 1991;66:53-63.
30. Bel EH, Timmers MC, Hermans J, Dijkman JH, Sterk PJ. The long-term effects of nedocromil sodium and beclomethasone dipropionate on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in nonatopic asthmatic subjects. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:21-8.
31. Haber P, Geyer K, Burghuber OC. Long-term treatment with disodium cromoglycate does not alter bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with perennial asthma. Respir 1989;55:44-9.
32. Svendsen UG, Frolund L, Madsen F, Nielsen NH. A comparison of the effects of nedocromil sodium and beclomethasone dipropionate on pulmonary function, symptoms, and bronchial responsiveness in patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989;84:224-31.
33. Pearce FL, Befus AD, Gauldie J, Bienenstock J. Effects of anti-allergic compounds on histamine secretion by isolated mast cells. J Immunol 1982;128:2481-6.
34. 4 receptor blockade inhibits the immediate and late broncho constrictor responses to inhaled antigen in patients with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992;90:193-201.
35. Taniguchi Y, Tamura G, Honma M, Aizawa T, Maruyama N, Shirato K, et al. The effect of an oral leukotriene antagonist, ONO-1078, on allergen-induced immediate bronchoconstriction in asthmatic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;92:507-12.
36. Hui KP, Taylor IK, Taylor GW, Rubin P, Kesterson J, Barnes NC, et al. Effect of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor on leukotriene generation and airway responses after allergen challenge in asthmatic patients. Thorax 1991;46:184-9.
37. 4 receptor antagonist, in subjects with bronchial asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:618-23.
38. Israel E, Rubin P, Kemp JP, Grossman J, Pierson W, Siegel SC, et al. The effect of inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by zileuton in mild-to-moderate asthma. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:1059-66.
39. 4 by human eosinophils. Clin Exp Immunol 1984;56:716-22.
40. Drazen JM, Arm JP, Austen KF. Sorting out the cytokines of asthma. J Exp Med 1996;183:1-5.
41. Robinson DS, Durham SR, Kay AB. Cytokines in asthma. Thorax 1993;48:845-53.
42. Evans PM, O'Connor BJ, Fuller RW, Barnes PJ, Chung KF. Effect of inhaled corticosteroids on peripheral eosinophil counts and density profiles in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1993;91:643-50.
43. Simon H-U, Yousefi S, Schranz C, Schapowal A, Bachert C, Blaser K. Direct demonstration of delayed eosinophil apoptosis as a mechanism causing tissue eosinophilia. J Immunol 1997;158:3902-8.
44. Wallen N, Kita H, Weiler D, Gleich GJ. Glucocorticoids inhibit cytokine-mediated eosinophil survival. J Immunol 1991;147:3490-5.
45. Baigelman W, Chodosh S, Pizzuto D, Cupples LA. Sputum and blood eosinophils during corticosteroid treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma. Am J Med 1983;75:929-36.
46. Barnes PJ. Cytokines as mediators of chronic asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:S42-9.
47. Lamas AM, Leon OG, Schleimer RP. Glucocorticoids inhibit eosinophil responses to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J Immunol 1991;147:254-9.
48. Kita H, Abu-Ghazaleh R, Sanderson CJ, Gleich GJ. Effect of steroids on immunoglobulin-induced eosinophil degranulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87:70-7.
49. Burke C, Power CK, Norris A, Condez A, Schmekel B, Poulter LW. Lung function and immunopathological changes after inhaled corticosteroid therapy in asthma. Eur Respir J 1992;5:73-9.
50. Trigg CJ, Manolitsas ND, Wang J, Calderón MA, McAulay A, Jordan SE, et al. Placebo-controlled immunopathologic study of four months of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994;150:17-22.
51. Lundgren R, Söderberg M, Hörstedt P, Stenling R. Morphological studies of bronchial mucosal biopsies from asthmatics before and after ten years of treatment with inhaled steroids. Eur Respir J 1988;1:883-9.
52. Bruijnzeel PLB, Warringa RAJ, Kok PTM, Kreukniet J. Inhibition of neutrophil and eosinophil induced chemotaxis by nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate. Br J Pharmacol 1990;99:798-802.
53. Kay AB, Walsh GM, Moqbel R, MacDonald AJ, Nagakura T, Carroll MP, Richerson HB. Disodium cromoglycate inhibits activation of human inflammatory cells in vitro. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;80:1-8.
54. Bruijnzeel PLB, Hamelink ML, Kok PTM, Kreukniet J. Nedocromil sodium inhibits the A23187 - and opsonized zymosan-induced leukotriene formation by human eosinophils but not by human neutrophils. Br J Pharmacol 1989;96:631-6.
55. Diaz P, Galleguillos FR, Gonzalez MC, Pantin CFA, Kay AB. Bronchoalveolar lavage in asthma: the effect of disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) on leukocyte counts, immunoglobulins, and complement. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;74:41-8.
56. Sullivan P, Bekir S, Jaffar Z, Page C, Jeffery P, Costello J. Anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose oral theophylline in atopic asthma. Lancet 1994;343:1006-8.
57. 4 and granulocytic infiltration into asthmatic airways. Lancet 1993;341:989-90.
58. Underwood DC, Osborn RR, Newsholme SJ, Torphy TJ, Hay DWP. Persistent airway eosinophilia after leukotriene D4 administration in the guinea pig. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;154:850-7.
59. MuZoz NM, Douglas I, Mayer D, Herrnreiter A, Zhu X, Leff AR. Eosinophil chemotaxis inhibited by 5-lipoxygenase blockade and leukotriene receptor antagonism. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:1398-403.
60. Wenzel SE, Trudeau JB, Kaminsky DA, Cohn J, Martin RJ, Westcott JY. Effect of 5-lipoxygenase inhibition on bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation in nocturnal asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;152:897-905.
61. Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL. Two types of murine helper T cell clone: I. definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol 1986;136:2348-57.
62. H2 responses: a key role for the "natural" immune response? Immunol Today 1992;13:379-81.
63. Holtzman MJ, Sampath D, Castro M, Look DC, Jayaraman S. The one-two of T helper cells: does interferon-γ knock out the Th2 hypothesis for asthma? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996;14:316-8.
64. James DG, Kay AB. Are you TH-1 or TH-2? [editorial]. Clin Exp Allergy 1995;25:389-90.
65. Woolley MJ, Denburg JA, Ellis R, Dahlback M, O'Byrne PM. Allergen-induced changes in bone marrow progenitors and airway responsiveness in dogs and the effect of inhaled budesonide on these parameters. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1994;11:600-6.
66. Sousa AR, Poston RN, Lane SJ, Nakhosteen JA, Lee TH. Detection of GM-CSF in asthmatic bronchial epithelium and decrease by inhaled corticosteroids. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:1557-61.
67. Devalia JL, Wang JH, Sapsford RJ, Davies RJ. Expression of RANTES in human bronchial epithelial cells and the effect of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) [abstract]. Eur Respir J 1994;7(suppl 18):98s.
68. Miesfeld RL. Molecular genetics of corticosteroid action. Am Rev Respir Dis 1990;141:S11-7.
69. O'Hehir RE, Moqbel R. Action of nedocromil sodium and sodium cromoglycate on cloned human allergen-specific CD4+ T lymphocyte. Drugs 1989;37:23-5.
70. Jaffar ZH, Sullivan P, Page C, Costello J. Low-dose theophylline modulates T-lymphocyte activation in allergen-challenged asthmatics. Eur Respir J 1996;9:456-62.
71. Kidney J, Dominguez M, Taylor PM, Rose M, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. Immunomodulation by theophylline in asthma: demonstration by with-drawal of therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1907-14.
72. Barnes PJ, Belvisi MG. Nitric oxide and lung disease. Thorax 1993;48:1034-43.
73. Barnes PJ, Liew FY. Nitric oxide and asthmatic inflammation. Immunol Today 1995;16:128-30.
74. Kwon OJ, Au BT, Collins PD, Baraniuk JN, Adcock IM, Chung KF, et al. Inhibition of interleukin-8 expression by dexamethasone in human cultured airway epithelial cells. Immunology 1994;81:389-94.
75. Kwon OJ, Jose PJ, Robbins RA, Schall TJ, Williams TJ, Barnes PJ. Glucocorticoid inhibition of RANTES expression in human lung epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1995;12:488-96.
76. Di Rosa M, Radomski M, Carnuccio R, Moncada S. Glucocorticoids inhibit the induction of nitric oxide synthase in macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1990;172:1246-52.
77. Radomski MW, Palmer RMJ, Moncada S. Glucocorticoids inhibit the expression of an inducible, but not the constitutive, nitric oxide synthase in vascular endothelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990;87:10043-7.
78. Kharitonov SA, Yates DH, Barnes PJ. Inhaled glucocorticoids decrease nitric oxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:454-7.