O-antigen structural variation: Mechanisms and possible roles in animal/plant-microbe interactions

FEMS Microbiology Reviews

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 17-47

  Lerouge, Inge ^a   Vanderleyden, Jos ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Bacterial cell envelope; Infection; Lipopolysaccharide; Pathogenicity; Symbiosis

Indexed keywords

ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CARBOHYDRATE; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; METHYL GROUP; MONOSACCHARIDE; O ANTIGEN; SUGAR;

ACETYLATION; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIAL STRAIN; BACTERIAL VIRULENCE; BACTERIUM TRANSFORMATION; BACTEROIDES; BIODIVERSITY; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA; FUCOSYLATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE TRANSFER; GLYCOSYLATION; HOST RESISTANCE; HUMAN; HYDROPHILICITY; HYDROPHOBICITY; MICROORGANISM; MUTATION; NONHUMAN; OXYGEN TENSION; PATHOGENESIS; PH; PLANT; PLANT ROOT; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; RHIZOBIUM; RHIZOSPHERE; SALMONELLA; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STOICHIOMETRY; SYMBIONT; SYMBIOSIS;

ANIMAL POPULATION GROUPS; ANIMALS; BASE SEQUENCE; CARBOHYDRATE SEQUENCE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; O ANTIGENS; PLANT DISEASES; PLANTS; SYMBIOSIS; VARIATION (GENETICS);

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); RHIZOBIUM;

EID: 0036241790     PISSN: 01686445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-6445(01)00070-5     Document Type: Review

References (214)

1. Biochemistry of endotoxins
2. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and structures of six lipid A species from Rhizobium etli CE3. Detection of an acyloxyacyl residue in each component and origin of the aminogluconate moiety
3. Purification and mass spectrometry of six lipid A species from the bacterial endosymbiont Rhizobium etli. Demonstration of a conserved distal unit and a variable proximal portion
4. Proteins of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria
5. Analysis of a common-antigen lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
6. Composition and structure of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
7. Epitope identification for a panel of anti-Sinorhizobium meliloti monoclonal antibodies and application to the analysis of K antigens and lipopolysaccharides from bacteroids
8. Structural characterization of the K antigens from Rhizobium fredii USDA257: Evidence for a common structural motif, with strain-specific variation, in the capsular polysaccharides of Rhizobium spp
9. Structure of the O antigen of Escherichia coli K-12 and the sequence of its rfb gene cluster
10. Characterization of lipopolysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae
11. Bacterial endotoxin: Chemical constitution, biological recognition, host response, and immunological detoxification
12. Lipopolysaccharides and K-antigens: Their structures, biosynthesis and functions
13. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: Mutations in Tlr4 gene
14. Endotoxin-tolerant mice have mutations in Toll-like receptor (Tlr4)
15. C3b generation is affected by the structure of the O-antigen polysaccharide in lipopolysaccharide from salmonellae
16. Salmonellae activate complement differentially via the alternative pathway depending on the structure of their lipopolysaccharide O-antigen
17. Phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages: Changing the carbohydrate of lipopolysaccharide alters interaction with complement and macrophages
18. Complement activation by polysaccharide of lipopolysaccharide: An important virulence determinant of salmonellae
19. Why Helicobacter pylori has Lewis antigens
20. Le (X) and related structures as adhesin molecules
21. Molecular mimicry of host structures by bacterial lipopolysaccharides and its contribution to disease
22. Molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori and the host
23. Potential role of molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide and host Lewis blood group antigens in autoimmunity
24. Antigenic mimicry between Helicobacter pylori and gastric mucosa in the pathogenesis of body atrophic gastritis
25. Glycoconjugates in autoimmunity
26. Lipopolysaccharides of Campylobacter jejuni serotype O:19: Structures of core oligosaccharide regions from the serostrain and two bacterial isolates from patients with the Guillain-Barre syndrome
27. The lipooligosaccharides of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria
28. Phase variation of lipopolysaccharide directs interconversion of invasive and immuno-resistant phenotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
29. Role of lipo-oligosaccharides and lipopolysaccharides in bacterial adherence
30. Lewis X structures in the O antigen side-chain promote adhesion of Helicobacter pylori to the gastric epithelium
31. Expression of Lewisa, Lewisb, Lewisx, Lewisy, siayl-Lewisa, and sialyl-Lewisx blood group antigens in human gastric carcinoma and in normal gastric tissue
32. PADGEM-dependent adhesion of platelets to monocytes and neutrophils is mediated by a lineage-specific carbohydrate, LNF III (CD15)
33. Adhesion molecules controlling lymphocyte migration
34. P-selectin and E-selectin. Distinct but overlapping leukocyte ligand specificities
35. Helicobacter pylori adhesin binding fucosylated histo-blood group antigens revealed by retagging
36. Adhesin-receptor interactions in Pasteurellaceae
37. Avirulence of rough mutants of Shigella flexneri: Requirement of O antigen for correct unipolar localization of IcsA in the bacterial outer membrane
38. Release of lipopolysaccharide from intracellular compartments containing Salmonella typhimurium to vesicles of the host epithelial cell
39. An ancient system of host defense
40. The Toll receptor family and microbial recognition
41. Innate immunity: From plants to humans
42. Plant disease resistance genes
43. Genetic complexity of pathogen perception by plants: The example of Rcr3, a tomato gene required specifically by Cf-2
44. Human Nod1 confers responsiveness to bacterial lipopolysaccharides
45. Lipopolysaccharides and plant responses to phytopathogenic bacteria
46. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides as inducers of disease resistance in tobacco
47. Mechanisms of induced resistance in plants
48. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides and plant-pathogen interactions
49. Induction of systemic resistance against Fusarium wilt of radish by lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas fluorescens
50. Lipopolysaccharides of Rhizobium etli strain G12 act in potato roots as an inducing agent of systemic resistance to infection by the cyst nematode Globodera pallida
51. Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria
52. The Rhizobium infection process
53. Mutations in Rhizobium phaseoli that lead to arrested development of infection threads
54. Bacterial polysaccharide which binds Rhizobium trifolii to clover root hairs
55. Role of bacterial polysaccharides in the adsorption process of the Rhizobium-pea symbiosis
56. Rhizobium lipopolysaccharide modulates infection thread development in white clover root hairs
57. Varying the abundance of O antigen in Rhizobium etli and its effect on symbiosis with phaseolus vulgaris
58. Growth-phase-dependent immunodeterminants of Rhizobium trifolii lipopolysaccharide which bind trifoliin A, a white clover lectin
59. Unraveling the infection process in the Rhizobium-legume symbiosis by microscopy
60. Bacterial and plant glycoconjugates at the Rhizobium-legume interface
61. Cytological evidence for a host defense response that reduces cell and tissue invasion in pea nodules by lipopolysaccharde-defective mutants of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 3841
62. Inhibition of Rhizobium etli polysaccharide mutants by Phaseolus vulgaris root compounds
63. The role of microbial surface polysaccharides in the Rhizobium-legume interaction
64. Low molecular weight EPS II of Rhizobium meliloti allows nodule invasion in Medicago sativa
65. NodO, a new nod gene of the Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae sym plasmid pRL1JI, encodes a secreted protein
66. Genes involved in lipopolysaccharide production and symbiosis are clustered on the chromosome of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae VF39
67. Lipopolysaccharide mutants of Rhizobium meliloti are not defective in symbiosis
68. A Rhizobium meliloti lipopolysaccharide mutant altered in competitiveness for nodulation of alfalfa
69. A Sinorhizobium meliloti lipopolysaccharide mutant induces effective nodules on the host plant Medicago sativa (alfalfa) but fails to establish a symbiosis with Medicago trunculata
70. Plant defense and delayed infection of alfalfa pseudonodules induced by an exopolysaccharide (EPSI)-deficient Rhizobium meliloti mutant
71. Symbiotic suppression of the Medicago sativa plant defence system by Rhizobium meliloti oligosaccharides
72. Suppression of plant defence reactins in alfalfa cell cultures by Sinorhizobium meliloti surface carbohydrates
73. Cytokine inducing activities of rhizobial and mesorhizobial lipopolysaccharides of different lethal toxicity
74. Occurrence of lipid A variants with 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from members of the family Rhizobiaceae
75. Tissue and cell invasion by Rhizobium: The structure and development of infection threads and symbiosomes
76. Escherichia coli serotyping and disease in man and animals
77. The structures of the lipopolysaccharides from Rhizobium etli strains CE358 and CE359. The complete structure of the core region of R. etli lipopolysaccharides
78. Heterogeneity of Rhizobium lipopolysaccharides
79. Heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Analysis of lipopolysaccharide chain length
80. Genetics of O-antigen biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
81. A virulent isolate of Salmonella enteritidis produces a Salmonella typhi-like lipopolysaccharide
82. The Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35 gene clusters: Gene clusters encoding the same colitose-containing O antigen are highly conserved
83. Expression of antigenic factor O:54 is associated with the presence of a plasmid in Salmonella
84. Molecular cloning and characterization of the genetic determinants that express the complete Shigella serotype D (Shigella sonnei) lipopolysaccharide in heterologous live attenuated vaccine strains
85. Comparison of O-antigen gene clusters of Escherichia coli (Shigella) sonnei and Plesiomonas shigelloides O17: Sonnei gained its current plasmid-borne O-antigen genes from P. shigelloides in a recent event
86. The evolution of epidemic Vibrio cholerae strains
87. Specialized clones and lateral transfer in pathogens
88. Lewis antigens in Helicobacter pylori: Biosynthesis and phase variation
89. The Helicobacter pylori genome sequence: Genetic factors for long life in the gastric mucosa
90. A bacterial virulence determinant encoded by lysogenic coliphage lambda
91. The lom gene of bacteriophage lambda is involved in Escherichia coli K12 adhesion to human buccal epithelial cells
92. Serotype-converting bacteriophages and O-antigen modification in Shigella flexneri
93. Functional analysis of the O antigen glucosylation gene cluster of Shigella flexneri bacteriophage SfX
94. Separation of two lipopolysaccharide populations with different contents of O-antigen factor 122 in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium
95. Glucosylation of lipopolysaccharide in Salmonella: Biosynthesis of O antigen factor 12 2. 3. The presence of 12 2 determinants in haptenic polysaccharides
96. Direction of chain growth in polysaccharide synthesis
97. Separation and characterization of two chemically distinct lipopolysaccharides in two Pectinatus species
98. Mechanism of bacteriophage SfII-mediated serotype conversion in Shigella flexneri
99. Sequence of the genome of Salmonella bacteriophage P22
100. The oac gene encoding a lipopolysaccharide O-antigen acetylase maps adjacent to the integrase-encoding gene on the genome of Shigella flexneri bacteriophage Sf6
101. Molecular characterization of the O-acetyl transferase gene of converting bacteriophage SF6 that adds group antigen 6 to Shigella flexneri
102. Molecular characterization of the oafA locus responsible for acetylation of Salmonella typhimurium O-antigen: OafA is a member of a family of integral membrane trans-acylases
103. Serotype 1a O-antigen modification: Molecular characterization of the genes involved and their novel organization in the Shigella flexneri chromosome
104. Cloning and analysis of the glucosyl transferase gene encoding type I antigen in Shigella flexneri
105. Structural studies of Shigella flexneri O-antigens
106. O-antigen conversion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by bacteriophage D3
107. Three-component-mediated serotype conversion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by bacteriophage D3
108. Sequence of the genome of the temperate, serotype-converting, Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage D3
109. Shared themes of antigenic variation and virulence in bacterial, protozoal, and fungal infections
110. Coordinate regulation and sensory transduction in the control of bacterial virulence
111. Evolution of microbial pathogens
112. Challenge of investigating biologically relevant functions of virulence factors in bacterial pathogens
113. Spinning tails: Homologies among bacterial flagellar systems
114. Phase variation: Evolution of a controlling element
115. Phase variation: Genetic analysis of switching mutants
116. An invertible element of DNA controls phase variation of type 1 fimbriae of Escherichia coli
117. Salmonella typhimurium fimbrial phase variation and FimA expression
118. Phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli is under transcriptional control
119. Inversion-independent phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli
120. Phase-variation of pyelonephritis-associated pili in Escherichia coli: Evidence for transcriptional regulation
121. Evidence for global regulatory control of pilus expression in Escherichia coli by Lrp and DNA methylation: Model building based on analysis of pap
122. Phase variation of Haemophilus influenzae lipopolysaccharide: Characterization of lipopolysaccharide from individual colonies
123. Relationship between colony morphology and the life cycle of Haemophilus influenzae: The contribution of lipopolysaccharide phase variation to pathogenesis
124. Identification and characterization of a cell envelope protein of Haemophilus influenzae contributing to phase variation in colony opacity and nasopharyngeal colonization
125. Phase variation of lipopolysaccharide of Coxiella burnetii, strain Priscilla during chick embryo yolk sac passaging
126. Characterization of the opa (class 5) gene family of Neisseria meningitidis
127. Variable expression of the Opc outer membrane protein in Neisseria meningitidis is caused by size variation of a promoter containing poly-cytidine
128. Opacity genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Control of phase and antigenic variation
129. Purification and N-terminal sequence of the alpha subunit of antigen 43, a unique protein complex associated with the outer membrane of Escherichia coli
130. The molecular mechanism of phase variation of H. influenzae lipopolysaccharide
131. Frameshift mutations and the genetic code
132. Slipped-strand mispairing: A major mechanism for DNA sequence evolution
133. DNA microsatellites: Agents of evolution?
134. Adaptive evolution of highly mutable loci in pathogenic bacteria
135. The biosynthesis of Lewis X in Helicobacter pylori
136. Phase variation in Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide due to changes in the lengths of poly(C) tracts in alpha3-fucosyltransferase genes
137. The complete genome sequence of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori
138. Molecular genetic basis for the variable expression of Lewis Y antigen in Helicobacter pylori: Analysis of the alpha (1, 2) fucosyltransferase gene
139. Novel Helicobacter pylori alpha1, 2-fucosyltransferase, a key enzyme in the synthesis of Lewis antigens
140. Tetrameric repeat units associated with virulence factor phase variation in Haemophilus also occur in Neisseria spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis
141. Simple sequence repeats in the Helicobacter pylori genome
142. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mucoidy and the chronic infection phenotype in cystic fibrosis
143. Effect of acetylation on some solution and gelling properties of alginates
144. Form variation in Escherichia coli K1: Determined by O-acetylation of the capsular polysaccharide
145. Acetyl-coenzyme A:polysialic acid O-acetyltransferase from K1-positive Escherichia coli. The enzyme responsible for the O-acetyl plus phenotype and for O-acetyl form variation
146. Glucosylation of lipopolysaccharide in Salmonella: Biosynthesis of O antigen factor 12 2 I. Over-all reaction
147. 2: Genetics of form variation
148. Glucosylation of lipopolysaccharide in Salmonella: Mutants negative for O antigen factor 1221
149. Clinical and veterinary isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis defective in lipopolysaccharide O-chain polymerization
150. Regulation of Pap phase variation. Lrp is sufficient for the establishment of the phase off pap DNA methylation pattern and repression of pap transcription in vitro
151. Leucine-responsive regulatory protein and deoxyadenosine methylase control the phase variation and expression of the sfa and daa pili operons in Escherichia coli
152. Epigenetic phase variation of the pap operon in Escherichia coli
153. DNA methylation-dependent regulation of pef expression in Salmonella typhimurium
154. Recombinational switch for gene expression
155. Role of Escherichia coli K-12 rfa genes and the rfp gene of Shigella dysenteriae 1 in generation of lipopolysaccharide core heterogeneity and attachment of O antigen
156. Cloning, characterization, and DNA sequence of the rfaLK region for lipopolysaccharide synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium LT2
157. Identification and characterization of a phase-variable nonfimbrial Salmonella typhimurium gene that alters O-antigen production
158. Dissociation in Brucella abortus: A demonstration of the role in inherent and environmental factors in bacterial variation
159. Dissociation in the genus Brucella
160. Acid-induced expression of an LPS-associated gene in Helicobacter pylori
161. Lipopolysaccharide of the Helicobacter pylori type strain NCTC 11637 (ATCC 43504): Structure of the O antigen chain and core oligosaccharide regions
162. Regulation of lipid A modifications by Salmonella typhimurium virulence genes phoP-phoQ
163. The Salmonella typhi melittin resistance gene pqaB affects intracellular growth in PMA-differentiated U937 cells, polymyxin B resistance and lipopolysaccharide
164. Lipopolysaccharide expression within the genus Bordetella: Influence of temperature and phase variation
165. The clinically isolated FIZ15 bacteriophage causes lysogenic conversion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1
166. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by a purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide
167. Host Lewis phenotype-dependent selection of H. pylori Lewis expression in Rhesus monkeys
168. Helicobacter pylori Lewis expression is related to the host Lewis phenotype
169. Lack of correlation between Lewis antigen expression by Helicobacter pylori and gastric epithelial cells in infected patients
170. The function of antibody and complement in the lysis of bacteria
171. Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing II. C8 and C9 release C5b67 from the surface of Salmonella minnesota S218 because the terminal complex does not insert into the bacterial outer membrane
172. Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing I. Terminal complement components are deposited and released from Salmonella minnesota S218 without causing bacterial death
173. C3 binds preferentially to long-chain lipopolysaccharide during alternative pathway activation by Salmonella montevideo
174. Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing and on the mechanism of action of bactericidal antibody
175. Adaptation of Haemophilus influenzae to acquired and innate humoral immunity based on phase variation of lipopolysaccharide
176. Decoration of lipopolysaccharide with phosphorylcholine: A phase-variable characteristic of Haemophilus influenzae
177. Assembly of an in vitro synthesized Escherichia coli outer membrane porin into its stable trimeric configuration
178. Non-lamellar structure and negative charges of lipopolysaccharides required for efficient folding of outer membrane protein PhoE of Escherichia coli
179. Trimerization of an in vitro synthesized OmpF porin of Escherichia coli outer membrane
180. Regulation of O-antigen chain length is required for Shigella flexneri virulence
181. Increased substitution of phosphate groups in lipopolysaccharides and lipid A of the polymyxin-resistant pmrA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium: A 31P-NMR study
182. Structural characterization of the O-antigenic polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Rhizobium etli strain CE3. A unique O-acetylated glycan of discrete size, containing 3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-L-talose and 2, 3, 4-tri-O-methyl-l fucose
183. Antigenic change in the lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium etli CFN42 induced by exudates of Phaseolus vulgaris
184. Compounds exuded by Phaseolus vulgaris that induce a modification of Rhizobium etli lipopolysaccharide
185. Production of cell-associated polysaccharides of Rhizobium fredii USDA205 is modulated by apigenin and host root extract
186. Sinorhizobium fredii and Sinorhizobium meliloti produce structurally conserved lipopolysaccharides and strain-specific K antigens
187. Exopolysaccharide II production is regulated by salt in the halotolerant strain Rhizobium meliloti EFB1
188. Molecular dissection of structure and function in the lipopolysaccharide of Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 3841 using monoclonal antibodies and genetic analysis
189. Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 lipopolysaccharide antigenic changes induced by environmental conditions
190. Lipopolysaccharide epitope expression of Rhizobium bacteroids as revealed by in situ immunolabelling of pea root nodule sections
191. Immunochemical analysis of lipopolysaccharides from free-living and endosymbiotic forms of Rhizobium leguminosarum
192. Chemical characterization of pH-dependent structural epitopes of lipopolysaccharides from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseoli
193. Expression of Rhizobium leguminosarum CFN42 genes for lipopolysaccharide in strains derived from different R. leguminosarum soil isolates
194. Rhizobium lipopolysaccharide and its role in symbiosis
195. Rhizobium bacteroids express hydrophobic lipopolysaccharides
196. Lipid A and O-chain modifications cause Rhizobium lipopolysaccharides to become hydrophobic during bacteroid development
197. Rhizobium bacteroids express hydrophobic lipopolysaccharides
198. Antigenic changes in lipopolysaccharide I of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in root nodules of Vicia sativa subsp. nigra occur during release from infection threads
199. Developmental regulation of a Rhizobium cell surface antigen during growth of pea root nodules
200. Biological roles of oligosaccharides: All of the theories are correct
201. Isoflavonoid-inducible resistance to the phytoalexin glyceollin in soybean rhizobia
202. Bacterial endotoxins: Extraordinary lipids that activate eucaryotic signal transduction
203. A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
204. Cutting edge: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-deficient mice are hyporesponsive to lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the Lps gene product
205. Toll-like receptor-4 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced signal transduction
206. Lipid A-like molecules that antagonize the effects of endotoxins on human monocytes
207. Toll-like receptor 4 imparts ligand-specific recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide
208. Physical contact between lipopolysaccharide and Toll-like receptor 4 revealed by genetic complementation
209. The peribacteroid membrane
210. Structural studies on the O-specific side-chains of the cell-wall lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella typhimurium LT2