Pectins: Structure, biosynthesis, and oligogalacturonide-related signaling

Phytochemistry

Volumn 57, Issue 6, 2001, Pages 929-967

  Ridley, Brent L ^a   O'Neill, Malcolm A ^a   Mohnen, Debra ^a  

^a University of Georgia ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Cell wall; Homogalacturonan; Oligogalacturonides; Pectin; Polysaccharide; Rhamnogalacturonan

Indexed keywords

OLIGOGALACTURONIC ACID; OLIGOSACCHARIDE; PECTIN; POLYSACCHARIDE;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BIOSYNTHESIS; CARBOHYDRATE ANALYSIS; CELL WALL; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONFORMATION; GENE EXPRESSION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; NONHUMAN; PLANT; PLANT CELL; PLANT GROWTH; PROTEIN TERTIARY STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

CARBOHYDRATE CONFORMATION; CARBOHYDRATE SEQUENCE; CELL WALL; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; OLIGOSACCHARIDES; PECTINS; PLANTS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0035800186     PISSN: 00319422     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00113-3     Document Type: Review

References (352)

1. Oligogalacturonides stimulate pericycle cell wall thickening and cell divisions leading to stoma formation in tobacco leaf explants
2. Isolation and structural characterization of β-D-glucosyluronic acid and 4-O-methyl β-D-glucosyluronic acid-containing oligosaccharides from the cell-wall pectic polysaccharide, rhamnogalalcturonan I
3. A historical account of NMR in the solid state
4. Defense related reactions of seedling roots of Norway spruce to infection by Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref
5. Chemistry of cell wall polysaccharides
6. Polysaccharides of soy beans. Part III. Extraction and fractionation: Of polysaccharides from cotyledon meal
7. The backbone of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I is cleaved by an endohydrolase and an endolyase
8. Structure and function of plant cell walls
9. High-resolution atomic force microscopy of native Valonia cellulose I microcrystals
10. Inhibition of the hypersensitive response in tobacco by pectate lyase digests of cell wall and of polygalacturonic acid
11. Pectins as mediators of wall porosity in soybean cells
12. Cell-wall lysing enzymes and product of cell-wall digestion elicit ethylene in citrus
13. 14C]galacturonic acid
14. The structure of plant cell walls II. The hemicellulose of the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells
15. The immobility of pectic substances in injured tomato leaves and its bearing on the identity of the wound hormone
16. 1H] mannose incorporation in cultured plants cells - Investigation of L-galactose residues of the primary cell wall
17. Localisation of methyltransferases involved in glucuronoxylan and pectin methylation in the Golgi apparatus in etiolated pea epicotyls
18. Oligogalacturonides inhibit the formation of roots on tobacco explants
19. Oligogalacturonides prevent rhizogenesis in rolB-transformed tobacco explants by inhibiting auxin-induced expression of the rolB gene
20. 2 induced by oligogalacturonides is not involved in the inhibition of the auxin-regulated rolB gene expression in tobacco leaf explants
21. Polypeptide signaling for plant defense genes exhibits analogies to defense signaling in animals
22. A wound- and systemin-inducible polygalacturonase in tomato leaves
23. Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein accumulates in Phaseolus vulgaris L. in response to wounding, elicitors and fungal infection
24. Proteinase inhibitor-inducing factor activity in tomato leaves resides in oligosaccharides enzymatically released from cell walls
25. Isolation and characterization of the proteinase inhibitor-inducing factor from tomato leaves
26. Comparison of the effects of cryptogein and oligogalacturonide on tobacco cells and evidence of different forms of desensitization induced by these elicitors
27. The quantitative analysis of uronic acid polymers by infrared spectroscopy
28. Role of active oxygen species and NO in plant defense responses
29. Decrease of polygalacturonic acid synthase during xylem differentiation in sycamore
30. A bifunctional epimerase-reductase acts downstream of the MUR1 gene product and completes the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose in Arabidopsis
31. The MUR1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encodes an isoform of GDP-mannose-4,6-dehydratase, catalyzing the first step in the de novo synthesis of GDP-L-fucose
32. Elicitors and suppressors of hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein accumulation are solubilized from plant cell walls by endopolygalacturonase
33. Rhamnogalacturonans I and II are pectic substrates for flax-cell methyltransferases
34. Various pectin methyltransferase activities with affinity for low and highly methylated pectins
35. Competitive inhibition of the auxin-induced elongation by α-D-oligogalacturonides in pea stem segments
36. Novel approaches to the analysis of polysaccharide structures
37. Products released from enzymically active cell wall stimulate ethylene production and ripening in preclimacteric tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit
38. Biosynthesis in vitro of pectic (1-4)-β-D-galactan
39. Pectic polysaccharides elicit chitinase accumulation in tobacco
40. Novel O-D-galacturonosyl esters in the pectic polysaccharides of suspension-cultured plant cells
41. Elicitation of lignin biosynthesis and isoperoxidase activity by pectic fragments in suspension-cultures of castor bean
42. Solubilization and partial characterization of pectin methyltransferase from flax cells
43. The mechanism of synthesis of a mixed-linkage (1-3),(1-4)β-D-glucan in maize (Zea mays L.). Evidence for multiple sites of glucosyl transfer in the synthase complex
44. The mur4 mutant of arabidopsis is partially defective in the de novo synthesis of uridine diphospho L-arabinose
45. Virus-induced silencing of a plant cellulose synthase gene
46. Pectic epitopes are differentially distributed in the cell walls of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers
47. Structure and conformation of complex carbohydrates of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and bacterial polysaccharides
48. Induction and regulation of ethylene biosynthesis and ripening by pectic oligomers in tomato pericarp discs
49. High affinity RGD-binding sites at the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis thaliana links the cell wall
50. Mechanisms of glycosylation and sulfation in the Golgi apparatus: Evidence for nucleotide sugar/nucleoside monophosphate and nucleotide sulfate/nucleoside monophosphate antiports in the Golgi apparatus membrane
51. Structural models of primary cell walls in flowering plants-consistency of molecular structure with the physical properties of the walls during growth
52. The monoclonal antibody JIM5 indicates patterns of pectin deposition in relation to pit fields at the plasma-membrane-face of tomato pericarp cell walls
53. The interaction between fungal endopolyglacturonase and plant cell wall PGIP (polygalacturonase inhibiting protein)
54. Role of phosphorylation in elicitation of the oxidative burst in cultured soybean cells
55. A rapid method to screen for cell-wall mutants using discriminant analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectra
56. Interaction between the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and host cell pectin methylesterase is required for virus cell-to-cell movement
57. Detection and homogeneity of cell wall pectic polysaccharides of Lemna minor
58. The molecular structure of cell adhesive molecules
59. Isolation and characterisation of cell wall polymers from the heavily lignified tissues of olive (Olea europaea) seed hull
60. Genetic evidence for the role of GDP-mannose in plant ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis
61. Oligosaccharins: Structure and signal transduction
62. Oligosaccharide elicitors in host-pathogen interactions: Generation, perception, and signal transduction
63. Pectin methyltransferase: Activities in particulate and solubilised preparations from mung bean (Vigna radiata) hypocotyls and tomato (Lycopersicon escutentum) pericarp
64. Analysis of partially methyl-esterified galacturonic acid oligomers by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
65. Structure of plant cell walls: VIII. A new pectic polysaccharide
66. Host-pathogen interactions. XXX. Characterization of elicitors of phytoalexin accumulation in soybean released from soybean cell walls by endopolygalacturonic acid lyase
67. Host-pathogen interactions XXIX. Oligogalacturonide released from sodium polypectate by endopolygalacturonic lyase are elicitors of phytoalexins in soybean
68. Induction of defense responses in cultured parsley cells by plant cell wall fragments
69. Cell surface receptors
70. Cellulose biosynthesis: Exciting times for a difficult field of study
71. Synergy between enzymes from Aspergillus involved in the degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides
72. Structural studies of apple pectins with pectolytic enzymes
73. Elicitor-active components from French bean hypocotyls
74. Oligogalacturonides and chitosan activate plant defensive genes through the octadecanoid pathway
75. Rhamnogalacturonan II, a dominant polysaccharide in juices produced by enzymic liquefaction of fruits and vegetables
76. Developmental regulation of pectic polysaccharides in the root meristem of Arabidopsis
77. Cell free synthesis of pectin: Identification and partial characterization of polygalacturonate 4-α-galacturonosyltransferase and its products from membrane preparations of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv samsun) cell suspension cultures
78. Solubilization and characterization of a galacturonosyltransferase that synthesizes the pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan
79. A novel function for a ubiquitous plant enzyme pectin methylesterase: The host-cell receptor for the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein
80. Identification of calreticulin-like protein as one of the phosphoproteins modulated in response to oligogalacturonides in tobacco cells
81. An NMR solution study of the mega-oligosaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II
82. Pectic cell wall fragments regulate tobacco thin-cell-layer explant morphogenesis
83. A pectic polysaccharide from cell walls of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mesophyll
84. Molecular characterisation of a membrane-bound galactosyltransferase of plant cell wall matrix polysaccharide biosynthesis
85. Cell wall microcapsules with different porosity from suspension cultured Chenopodium album
86. Differential localization of arabinan and galactan side chains of rhamnogalacturoanan I in cambial derivatives
87. Cell wall mutants
88. A plant surface protein sharing structural properties with animal integrins
89. Nucleoside diphosphate-sugar 4-epimerases. II. Uridine diphosphate arabinose 4-epimerase of wheat germ
90. In vitro phosphorylation in response to oligouronide elicitors: Structural and biological relationships
91. Oligosaccharide signaling in plants. Specificity of oligouronide-enhanced plasma membrane protein phosphorylation
92. Octadecanoid precursors of jasmonic acid activate the synthesis of wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors
93. Sugar nucleotide transformations in plants
94. Tissue-related changes in methyl-esterification of pectic polysaccharides in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) stems
95. Investigation of the occurrence of pectic-xylan-xyloglucan complexes in the cell walls of cauliflower stem tissues
96. The boron requirement and cell wall properties of growing- and stationary-phase suspension cultured Chenopodium album L.
97. The pore size of non-graminaceous plant cell walls is rapidly decreased by borate ester cross-linking of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II
98. High-resolution NMR using selective excitation
99. Development and tissue specific structural alterations of the cell wall polysaccharides of Arabidopsis thaliana roots
100. Cross-linking of matrix polymers in the growing cell walls of angiosperms
101. Progress toward identifying a covalent linkage between xyloglucan and rhamnogalacturonan in cotton cell walls
102. Changes in pectin structure during epidermal cell elongation in pea (Pisum sativum) and its implications for cell wall architecture
103. The longevity of biologically-active oligogalacturonides in rose cell cultures: Degradation by exopolygalacturonase
104. Upper limits for endogenous oligogalacturonides and free galacturonic acid in rose cell-suspension cultures: Implications for the action of exo- and endopolygalacturonase in vivo
105. Ultrastructural immunolocalization of periodic pectin depositions in the cell wall of Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes
106. In vitro biosynthesis of 1,4-β-galactan attached to rhamnogalacturonan I
107. Molecular genetic analysis of ethylene-regulated and developmental components of tomato fruit ripening
108. Identification and partial characterization of the pectin methyltransferase "homogalacturonan-methyltransferase" from membranes of tobacco cell suspensions
109. Solubilization and partial characterization of homogalacturonan-methyltransferase from microsomal membranes of suspension-cultured tobacco cells
110. Subcellular localization and topology of homogalacturonan methyltransferase in suspension-cultured Nicotiano tabacum cells
111. Evidence for several galactan synthases in flax (Linum usitassimum L.) suspension-cultured cells
112. Synthesis of cell wall galactans from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) suspension-cultured cells
113. Biological interactions between polysaccharides divalent cations: The "egg box" model
114. 1H-N.M.R. spectroscopy
115. Extracellular polysaccharides of Erwinia chrysanthemi A350 and ribotyping of Erwinia chrysanthemi spp.
116. Timing of ethylene and polygalacturonase synthesis in relation to the control of tomato fruit ripening
117. Pectin immunolocalization and calcium visualization in differentiating derivatives from poplar cambium
118. Molecular rigidity in dry and hydrated onion cell walls
119. Polygalacturonases: Many genes in search of a function
120. Signal perception at the plasma membrane: Binding protine and receptors
121. Host-pathogen interactions. XIX. The endogenous elicitor, a fragment of a plant cell wall polysaccharide that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybeans
122. A novel reaction involved in the degradation of apiogalacturonans from Lemna minor and the isolation of apiobiose as a product
123. Isolation and partial characterization of apiogalacturonans from the cell wall of Lemna minor
124. Formation of UDP-xylose and xyloglucan in soybean
125. A cell wall-associated, receptor-like protein kinase
126. Receptor-mediated endocytosis in plant cells
127. Effect of elicitation and changes in extracellular pH on the cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH of suspension-cultured soybean cells
128. Structure and function of plant cell wall: Immunological approaches
129. Pectin esterase-catalyzed firming effects during precooking of vegetables
130. An octadecanoid pathway mutant (JL5) of tomato is compromised in signaling for defense against insect attack
131. How cells might sense gravity
132. Pectic polysaccharides from bamboo shoot cell walls
133. O-acetylated oligosaccharides from pectins of potato tuber cell walls
134. Structure and function of feruloylated polysaccharides
135. NMR spectroscopic analysis of the borate diol esters of methyl apiofuranoside
136. The plant cell wall polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II self-assembles into a covalent cross-linked dimer
137. Characterization of pectin methyltransferase from soybean hypocotyls
138. Macromolecular biophysics of the plant cell wall: Concepts and methodology
139. Localization of pectins and arabinogalactan-proteins in lily (Lilium longiflorum L) pollen tube and style, and their possible roles in pollination
140. Micro-heterogeneity of pectins and calcium distribution in the epidermal and cortical parenchyma cell walls of flax hypocotyl
141. Probes and microscopial methods for the localization of pectins in plant cells
142. Characteristics of galacturonic acid oligomers as elicitors of casbene synthetase activity in castor bean seedlings
143. Localization of pectic galactan in tomato cell walls using a monoclonal antibody specific to (1-4)-β-D-galactan
144. FT-IR study of plant cell wall model compounds: Pectic polysaccharides and hemicelluloses
145. Enzymatic introduction of the methyl ester groups of pectin
146. Cooperation of enzymes responsible for polymerization and methylation in pectin biosynthesis
147. Biosynthesis of pectic substances. Localization of enzymes and products in a lipid-membrane complex
148. Biosynthesis of the methyl ester groups of pectin by transmethylation from S-adenosyl-L-methionine
149. The structure of plant cell walls. III. A model of the walls of suspension-cultured sycamore cells based on the interconnections of the macromolecular components
150. Re-examination of the products of the action of galactose oxidase
151. A xylogalacturonan whose level is dependent on the size of cell clusters is present in the pectin from cultured carrot cells
152. Changes in esterification of the uronic acid groups of cell wall polysaccharides during elongation of maize coleoptiles
153. Molecular probes for the plant cell surface
154. The use of antibodies to study the architecture and developmental regulation of plant cell walls
155. Pectin esterification is spatially regulated both within cell walls and between developing tissues of root apices
156. Two chains of rhamnogalacturonan II are cross linked by borate-diol ester bonds in higher plant cell walls
157. 2+ retains pectic polysaccharides in higher plants cell walls
158. Ion binding on polyuronates-alginate and pectin
159. Characterization of mouse ST8Sia II (STX) as a neural cell adhesion molecule-specific polysialic acid synthase. Requirement of core α1,6-linked fucose and a polypeptide chain for polysialylation
160. A 4,5-unsaturated low molecular weight oligogalacturonide as a potent phytoalexin-elicitor isolated from polygalacturonide of Ficus awkeotsang
161. The acetylation at O-3 of galacturonic acid in the rhamnose-rich region of pectins
162. Extracellular exo-polygalacturonase secreted form carrot cell cultures. Its purification and involvement in pectic polymer degradation
163. The oxidative burst in plant disease resistance
164. Increase of defense gene transcripts by cytoplasmic acidification
165. Structure of the backbone of rhamnogalacturonan I, a pectic polysaccharide in the primary cell walls of plants
166. Treatment of rhamnogalacturonan I with lithium in ethylenediamine
167. A family of Arabidopsis plasma membrane receptors presenting animal β-integrin domains
168. Measuring the forces that control protein interactions
169. Oligogalacturonic acid and chitosan reduce stomatal aperture by inducing the evolution of reactive oxygen species from guard cells of tomato and Commelina communis
170. Evidence for participation of GTP-binding proteins in elicitation of the rapid oxidative burst in cultured soybean cells
171. Characterization of the oligogalacturonide-induced oxidative burst in cultured soybean (Glycine max) cells
172. Phospholipase C activation during elicitation of the oxidative burst in cultured plant cells
173. Structural characterization of endo-glycanase-generated oligoglycosyl side chains of rhamnogalacturonan I
174. 14C]galacturonic acid: A substrate for pectin biosynthesis
175. Quantification of the amount of galacturonic acid residues in block sequences in pectin homogalacturonan by enzymatic fingerprinting with exo- and endopolygalacturonase II from Aspergillus niger
176. Analysis of different de-esterification mechanisms for pectin by enzymatic fingerprinting using endopectin lyase and endopolygalacturonase II from A. niger
177. Substrate specificity in pectin synthesis
178. Acetyl- and methyl-esterification of pectins of friable and compact sugar-beet calli consequences for intercellular adhesion
179. Monoclonal antibodies against pectin. Recognition of a conformation induced by calcium
180. Distribution of pectic polysaccharides throughout wall of suspension-cultured carrot cells
181. Chemistry and biology of boron
182. Comparison of elicitor and vitamin receptor-mediated endocytosis in cultured soybean cells
183. The oxidative burst in plant defense: Function and signal transduction
184. Domain-specific and cell type-specific localization of two types of cell wall matrix polysaccharides in the clover root tip
185. Calcium gelation of pectic polysaccharides isolated from unripe tomato fruit
186. Movement and metabolism of oligogalacturonide elicitors in tomato shoots
187. Rapid, long-distance signal transmission in higher plants
188. Oligogalacturonides are able to induce flowers to form on tobacco explants
189. Overcoming the overlap problem in the assignment of H-1 NMR spectra of larger proteins by use of 3-dimensional heteronuclear H-1-N-15 Hartmann-Hahn multiple quantum coherence spectroscopy - Application to interluekin-1-beta
190. Polysaccharide elasticity governed by chair-boat transitions of the glucopyranose ring
191. Atomic levers control pyranose ring conformations
192. Changes in cell wall polysaccharides during elongation in a 2,4-D free medium in a carrot suspension culture
193. The transient nature of the oligogalacturonide-induced ion fluxes of tobacco cells is not correlated with fragmentation of the oligogalacturonides
194. Membrane responses induced by oligogalacturonides in suspension-cultured tobacco cells
195. Cytoplasmic acidification as an early phosphorylation-dependent response of tobacco cells to elicitors
196. Involvement of protein phosphorylation in the early steps of transduction of the oligogalacturonide signal in tobacco cells
197. Boron and calcium, essential inorganic constituents of pectic polysaccharides in higher plant cell walls
198. Immunochemistry of rhamnogalacturonan II in cell walls of higher plants
199. Boron nutrition of cultured tobacco BY-2 cells. III. Characterization of the boron-rhamnogalacturonan II complex in cells acclimated to low levels of boron
200. Enzymic-HPLC determination of the amount and distribution of the galacturonan region in pectate molecules
201. The preferred conformations of four oligomeric fragments of rhamnogalacturonan II
202. Changes in pectin structure and localization during the growth of unadapted and NaCl-adapted tobacco cells
203. Temporal and spatial regulation of pectic (1→4)-β-D-galactan in cell walls of developing pea cotyledons: Implications for mechanical properties
204. Biosynthesis of galactan by a particulate preparation from Phaseolus aureus seedlings
205. High-resolution NMR of biological solids
206. Rotational echo double resonance detection of cross-links formed in mussel byssus under high-flow stress
207. Cell wall metabolism in ripening fruit VII. Biologically active pectin oligomers in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits
208. Structure of plant cell walls. 17. Structural characterization of oligosaccharides isolated from the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II
209. Detection on intercatechol cross-links in insect cuticle by solid-state carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 NMR
210. Pectic signal transduction in carrot cells: Membrane, cytosolic nuclear responses induced by oligogalacturonides
211. Polyamines and pectins. II. Modulation of pectic-signal transduction
212. 3 and divalent cations on aspects of pectin metabolism and tissue softening in ripening tomato pericarp
213. Connections: The hard wiring of the plant cell for perception, signaling, and response
214. Small oligomers of galacturonic acid are endogenous suppressors of disease resistance reactions in wheat leaves
215. Biosynthesis of pectins and galactomannans
216. Cell free synthesis of the pectic polysaccharide homogalacturonan
217. The control of root, vegetative shoot and flower morphogenesis in tobacco thin cell-layer explants (TCLs)
218. Cell wall carbohydrates as signals in plants
219. Oligouronide signaling of proteinase inhibitor genes in plants: Structure-activity relationships of di- and trigalacturonic acids and their derivatives
220. Spatial organization of the assembly pathways of glycoproteins and complex polysaccharides in the Golgi apparatus of plants
221. Polysaccharides of soybean seeds. Part I. Polysaccharide consituents of "hot-water-extract" fractions of soybean seeds and an arabinogalactan as its major component
222. Polysaccharides of soybean seeds. Part II. A methylated arabinogalactan isolated from methylated product of "hot-water extract" fraction of soybean seed polysaccharides
223. Conformations and interactions of pectins. 1. Polymorphism between gel and solid states of calcium polygalacturonate
224. Atomic force microscopy of plant cell walls, plant cell wall polysaccharides and gels
225. Determination of the pattern of methyl esterification in pectins. Distribution of contiguous non-esterified residues
226. Evidence for a UDP-glucose transporter in Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles from pea and its possible role in polysaccharide biosynthesis
227. Autoradiographic and biochemical evidence for the systemic translocation of systemin in tomato plants
228. Metabolism of uridine 5′-di-phosphate-glucose in Golgi vesicles from pea stems
229. Conflicting evidence for non-methyl galacturonosyl esters in Daucus carota
230. Ethylene as a signal mediating the wound response of tomato plants
231. The pectic polysaccharides of primary cell walls
232. Rhamnogalacturonan-II, a pectic polysaccharide in the walls of growing plant cell, forms a dimer that is covalently cross-linked by a borate ester - In vitro conditions for the formation and hydrolysis of the dimer
233. Rhamnogalacturonan-II, a pectic polysaccharide in the walls of growing plant cell, forms a dimer that is covalently cross-linked by a borate ester - In vitro conditions for the formation and hydrolysis of the dimer
234. 3H]uridine diphosphate galacturonic acid for use in studying Golgi-localized transporters
235. Topography and function of Golgi uridine-5′-diphosphatase from pea stems
236. Spatial regulation of pectic polysaccharides in relation to pit fields in cell walls of tomato fruit pericarp
237. Expression of an antisense prosystemin gene in tomato plants reduces resistance toward Manduca sexta larvae
238. Hydrogen peroxide is generated systemically in plant leaves by wounding and systemin via the octadecanoid pathway
239. Enzymatic activities in soft rot pathogenesis of potato tubers: Effects of calcium, pH, and degree of pectin esterification on the activities of polygalacturonase and pectate lyase
240. The formation of a β-(1- > 4)-D-galactan chain catalysed by a Phaseolus aureus enzyme
241. Enzymatic synthesis and purification of UDP-β-L-arabinopyranose, a substrate for the biosynthesis of plant polysaccharides
242. O-acetylation of plant cell wall polysaccharides: Identification and partial characterization of rhamnogalacturonan O-acetyl-transferase from potato suspension cultured cells
243. Higher plants contain homologs of the bacterial celA genes encoding the catalytic subunit of cellulose synthase
244. The interaction of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II with heavy metals and lanthanides in wines and fruit juices
245. Lead complexation in wines with the dimers of the grape pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II
246. The three-dimensional structures of the pectic polysaccharides
247. Xyloglucan fucosyltransferase, an enzyme involved in plant cell wall biosynthesis
248. N alpha- and N epsilon-D-galacturonoyl-L-lysine amides: Properties and possible occurrence in plant cell walls
249. Conformations and interactions of pectins. II. Influence of residue sequence on chain association in calicium pectate gels
250. Pectins, pectinases and plant-microbe interactions
251. Generation of monoclonal antibodies against plant cell wall polysaccharides. 1. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody to a terminal α-(1,2)-linked fucosyl-containing epitope
252. Solubilization and partial characterization of extensin fragments from cell walls of cotton suspension cultures. Evidence for a covalent crosslink between extensin and pectin
253. 3H]Galactose with high specific activities
254. Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with altered cell wall polysaccharide composition
255. Glucuronic acid directly linked to galacturonic acid in the rhamnogalacturonan backbone of beet pectins
256. Oligogalacturonide defense signals in plants: Large fragments interact with the plasma membrane in vitro
257. Cloning of a cDNA encoding a plasma membrane-associated, uronide binding phosphoprotein with physical properties similar to viral movement proteins
258. A method for biotin labeling of biologically active oligogalacturonides using a chemically stable hydrazide linkage
259. Structural features of CDTA-soluble pectins from flax hypocotyls
260. Tetrad pollen formation in quartet mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana is associated with the persistence of pectic polysaccharides of the pollen mother cell wall
261. Structures at the plant cell surface
262. Elicitors of the production of lignin-like compounds in cucumber hypocotyls
263. Sugar beet pectins: Chemical structure and gelation through oxidative coupling
264. Temporal sequence of cell wall disassembly in rapidly ripening melon fruit
265. The primary cell walls of higher plants
266. Unexpected branching in pectin observed by atomic force micrsocopy
267. Extracellular alkalinization and oxidative burst induced by fungal pectin lyase in tobacco cells are not due to the perception of oligogalacturonide fragments
268. Analytical detection of calcium and immunocytochemical visualization of homogalacturonic acid sequences in the ripe cherry tomato
269. Systemin: A polypeptide signal for plant defensive genes
270. Ferulic acid and diferulic acids as components of sugar-beet pectins and maize bran heteroxylans
271. REDOR NMR of biological solids: From protein binding sites to bacterial cell walls
272. Pectic metabolism in suspension-cultured cells of flax, Linum usitatissimum
273. Pectin biosynthesis: A solubilized galacturonosyltransferase from tobacco catalyzes the transfer of galacturonic acid from UDP-galacturonic acid onto the non-reducing end of homogalacturonan
274. RGD-dependent linkage between plant cell wall and plasma-membrane - Consequences for growth
275. Distribution of pectins in cell walls of maize coleoptiles and evidence against their involvement in auxin-induced extension growth
276. A xylogalacturonan subunit present in the modified hairy regions of apple pectin
277. Integrins: Emerging paradigms of signal transduction
278. Analysis of the molecular size of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit polyuronides by gel-filtration and low-speed sedimentation equilibrium
279. Developments in the chemistry and biochemistry of pectic and hemicellulosic polymers
280. Cell wall structure in cells adapted to grow on the cellulose synthesis inhibitor 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile. A comparison between 2 dicotyledonous plants and a gramineous monocot
281. Secretion of cell wall polysaccharides in Vicia root hairs
282. Rhamnogalacturonan II dimers cross-linked by borate diesters from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer are responsible for expression of their IL-6 production enhancing activities
283. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a fungal cutinase show alterations in the structure and properties of the cuticle and postgenital organ fusions
284. Short chain oligogalacturonides induce ethylene production and expression of the gene encoding aminocyclopropane l-carboxylic acid oxidase in tomato plants
285. Regulation of tomato fruit polygalacturonase mRNA accumulation by ethylene: A re-examination
286. Inheritance and effect on ripening of antisense polygalacturonase genes in transgenic tomatoes
287. Pectin engineering: Modification of potato pectin by in vivo expression of an endo-1,4-β-D-galactanase
288. Structure of plant cell walls. 14. Characterization of a structurally complex heptasaccharide isolated from the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II
289. Purification and characterization of biologically active 1,4-linked α-D-oligogalacturonides after partial digestion of polygalacturonic acid with endopolyglacturonase
290. Biological activity of reducing-end-derivatized oligogalacturonides in tobacco tissue cultures
291. Dynamic changes in cell surface molecules are very early events in the differentiation of mesophyll cells from Zinnia elegans into tracheary elements
292. The plant Golgi apparatus: Structure, functional organization and trafficking mechanisms
293. Pectin modification in cell walls of ripening tomatoes occurs in distinct domains
294. Characterization of a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an arabinosylated (1-6)-β-D-galactan epitope in plant complex carbohydrates
295. Systemin potentiates the oxidative burst in cultured tomato cells
296. Other plant polysaccharides
297. Systemic acquired resistance
298. Mylen basic protein kinase activity in tomato leaves is induced systemically by wounding and increases in response to systemin and oligosaccharide elicitors
299. Speciation of metal-carbohydrate complexes in fruit and vegetable samples by size-exclusion HPLC-ICP-MS
300. The rhamnogalacturonan-II dimer decreases intestinal absorption and tissue accumulation of lead in rats
301. 13C CPMAS studies of plant cell wall material and model systems using proton relaxation-induced spectral editing techniques
302. Interactions between pectic fragments and extracellular components from the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum lindemuthianm
303. Oligogalacturonides that induce proteinase inhibitor activity in tomato plants cause depolarization of tomato leaf cells
304. Chemistry and uses of pectin - A review
305. Use of a tomato mutant constructed with reverse genetics to study fruit ripening, a complex developmental process
306. Chain association of pectic molecules during calcium-induced gelation
307. Evidence for covalent linkage between xyloglucan and acidic pectins in suspension-cultured rose cells
308. Calcium binding and swelling behaviour of a high methoxy pectin gel
309. Reduction in pectin methyl-esterase activity modifies tissue integrity and cation levels in ripening tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
310. 15N REDOR NMR
311. Manipulation of the morphogenetic pathways of tobacco explants by oligosaccharins
312. NMR developments in structural studies of carbohydrates and their complexes
313. Common components of the infection thread matrix and the intercellular space identified by immunocytochemical analysis of pea nodules and uninfected roots
314. Localization of methyltransferase activities throughout the endomembrane complex system of flax (Linum usitalissimum L) hypocotyls
315. The primary walls of cotton fibers contain an ensheathing pectin layer
316. Affinodetection of the sites of formation and of the further distribution of polygalacturonans and native cellulose in growing plant cells
317. Immunolocalization of β-(1→4) and β-(1→6)-a-galactan epitopes in the cell wall and Golgi stacks of developing flax root tissue
318. Structural characterization of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II: Evidence for the backbone location of the acetic acid-containing oligoglycosyl side chain
319. Biosynthesis of the polygalacturonic acid chain of pectin by a particulate enzyme preparation from phaseolus aureus seedlings
320. Properties of a polygalacturonic acid-synthesizing enzyme system from Phaseolus aureus seedlings
321. Cell-wall changes in immature asparagus stem tissue after excision
322. Comparison of proteinase inhibitor-inducing activities and phytoalexin elicitor activities of a pure fungal endopolygalacturonase, pectic fragments, and chitosan
323. Floral scent production in Clarkia breweri (Onagraceae) II. Localization and developmental modulation of the enzyme S-adenosyl-L-methionine: (Iso)Eugenol O-methyltransferase and phenylpropanoid emission
324. The contribution of the extracellular matrix to gravisensing in characean cells
325. Digalacturonates from pectin degradation induce tissue responses against potato soft rot
326. Effect of pectin methyl esterase gene expression on pea root development
327. The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants
328. Structural characterization of the pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II
329. Cell wall antibodies without immunization: Generation and use of de-esterified homogalacturonan block-specific antibodies from naive phage display library
330. Analysis of pectic epitopes recognized by hydridoma and phage display monoclonal antibodies using defined oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, and enzymatic degradation
331. Generation of a monoclonal antibody specific to (1→5)-α-L-arabinan
332. Side chains of pectic polysaccharides are regulated in relation to cell proliferation and cell differentiation
333. Making and using antibody probes to study plant cell walls
334. An antibody Fab selected from a recombinant display library detects de-esterified pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan II in plant cells
335. 2+ and pH on the stability of different boron fractions in intact roots of Vicia faba L
336. Computational carbohydrate chemistry: What theoretical methods can tell us
337. The plant cytoskeleton-cell-wall continuum
338. Partial characterization of xylogalacturonans from cell walls of ripe watermelon fruit: Inhibition of endopolygalacturonase activity by xylosylation
339. Substitution of L-fucose by L-galactose in cell walls of Arabidopsis mur1
340. Scarcity or complete lack of single rhamnose residues interspersed within the homogalacturonan regions of citrus pectin
341. Detection and differentiation of pectic enzyme activity in vitro and in vivo by capillary electrophoresis of products for fluorescent-labeled substrate
342. Functional compartmentation of the Golgi apparatus of plant cells; immunocytochemical analysis of high-pressure frozen- and freeze-substituted sycamore maple suspension culture cells
343. Enrichment of vitronectin-like and fibronectin-like proteins in NaCl-adapted plant cells and evidence for their involvement in plasma-membrane cell-wall adhesion
344. Elicitor-induced chloride efflux and anion channels in tobacco cell suspensions
345. Heteronuclear 3-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of the inflamatory protein C5A