Cortisol metabolism and the role of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 61-78

  Tomlinson, Jeremy W ^a   Stewart, Paul M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

11 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; Apparent cortisone reductase deficiency; Apparent mineralocorticoid excess; Hypertension; Obesity

Indexed keywords

11BETA HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; 3ALPHA(OR 20BETA) HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; AMILORIDE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; CARBENOXOLONE; CORTICOSTEROID RECEPTOR; CORTISONE; CYTOKINE; DEXAMETHASONE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ESTRADIOL; FOLLITROPIN; FUROSEMIDE; GLUCOCORTICOID; GROWTH FACTOR; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; HYDROCORTISONE; INSULIN; LIOTHYRONINE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; METYRAPONE; MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR; NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM; PENICILLAMINE; REDUCED NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE; SPIRONOLACTONE; TRIAMTERENE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASOPRESSIN;

CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); ECTOPIC CORTICOTROPIN PRODUCTION; EDEMA; ENZYME ACTIVITY; ENZYME DEFICIENCY; ENZYME REGULATION; ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION; GENE MUTATION; GLYCYRRHIZA; HORMONE METABOLISM; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE RELEASE; HYPERALDOSTERONISM; HYPERTENSION; IN VIVO STUDY; INDIGESTION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OVARY POLYCYSTIC DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; ULCER;

EID: 0034969823     PISSN: 1521690X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/beem.2000.0119     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. The ups and downs of glucocorticoid physiology. Permissive and suppressive effects revisited
2. Cortisol metabolism by human liver in vitro - I. Metabolite identification and inter-individual variability
3. Urinary free cortisone and the assessment of II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in man
4. Mineralocorticoid activity of carbenoxolone: Contrasting effects of carbenoxolone and liquorice on II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in man
5. Purification and characterization of the corticosteroid II beta-dehydrogenase component of the rat liver II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase complex
6. Structure and function of the hepatic form of II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the squirrel monkey, an animal model of glucocorticoid resistance
7. Human kidney II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is a high affinity nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent enzyme and differs from the cloned type I isoform
8. Cloning of cDNA encoding an NAD(+)-dependent isoform of II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in sheep kidney
9. Immunohistochemical localization of type I II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human tissues
10. Distribution of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors and II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human and rat ocular tissues
11. II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in vascular smooth muscle and heart: Implications for cardiovascular responses to glucocorticoids
12. Isoforms of II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human granulosa-lutein cells
13. Expression and functional consequences of II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human bone
14. IIBeta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression in first trimester human trophoblasts
15. Cloning and tissue distribution of the human II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 enzyme
16. Expression of type 2 II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and corticosteroid hormone receptors in early human fetal life
17. Epithelial cell localization of type 2 II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat and human colon
18. Colocalization of II beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II and mineralocorticoid receptor in human epithelia
19. IIBeta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II and mineralocorticoid receptor in human placenta
20. Localization of mineralocorticoid receptor and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 11 in human breast and its disorders
21. Expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and mineralocorticoid receptor in primary lung carcinomas
22. Detection of human 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms using reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and localization of the type 2 isoform to renal collecting ducts
23. Immunodetection of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human mineralocorticoid target tissues: Evidence for nuclear localization
24. Differential expression of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and 2 in human placenta and fetal membranes
25. Regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in primary cultures of rat and human hepatocytes
26. 11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is an exclusive 11β-reductase in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes: Effect of physiochemical and hormonal manipulations
27. Expression of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 2 proteins in human and baboon placental syncytiotrophoblast
28. The ontogeny of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 and mineralocorticoid receptor gene expression reveal intricate control of glucocorticoid action in development
29. Ontogeny and sexual dimorphic expression of mouse type 2 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
30. Distinct ontogeny of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase types 1 and 11 mRNAs in the fetal rat brain suggest a complex control of glucocorticoid actions
31. Sexual dimorphism of hepatic 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the rat: The role of growth hormone patterns
32. The effect of growth hormone replacement therapy on cortisol-cortisone interconversion in hypopituitary adults: Evidence for growth hormone modulation of extrarenal 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity
33. Modulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes by growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor: In vivo and in vitro studies
34. Sexual dimorphism in 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and its relation to fat distribution and insulin sensitivity; A study in hypopituitary subjects
35. Cortisol metabolism in healthy young adults: Sexual dimorphism in activities of A-ring reductases, but not 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases
36. Effect of growth hormone, insulin and dexamethasone on 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity on a primary culture of rat hepatocytes
37. Insulin attenuates the stimulatory effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha on 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in human adipose stromal cells
38. Leukocytes modulate 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD) activity in human granulosa-lutein cell cultures
39. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 beta enhance the cortisone/cortisol shuttle
40. Regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 gene expression by LH and interleukin-1 beta in cultured rat granulosa cells
41. Glucocorticoids regulate hippocampal 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and gene expression in vivo in the rat
42. Regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human skin fibroblasts: Enzymatic modulation of glucocorticoid action
43. Hormonal regulation of oxidative and reductive activities of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat Leydig cells
44. 11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 in adipocytes: Expression is differentiation-dependent and hormonally regulated
45. 11 Beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 expression in 2S FAZA hepatoma cells is hormonally regulated: A model system for the study of hepatic glucocorticoid metabolism
46. Regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by steroid hormones and epidermal growth factor in the Ishikawa human endometrial cell line
47. Hormonal regulation of intestinal 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
48. Differential regulation of the oxidative 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in testis and liver
49. Tissue- and temporal-specific regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 by glucocorticoids in vivo
50. Developmental and glucocorticoid regulation of pituitary 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 gene expression in the ovine fetus and lamb
51. Differentiation of adipose stromal cells: The roles of glucocorticoids and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
52. Regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by sex steroids in vivo: Further evidence for the existence of a second dehydrogenase in rat kidney
53. Human endometrial decidual cell-associated 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase expression: Its potential role in implantation
54. Regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by progesterone, estrogen, and the cyclic adenosine 5′-monophosphate pathway in cultured human placental and chorionic trophoblasts
55. Regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms and glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in the rat uterus
56. Tissue specific effects of thyroid hormone on 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene expression
57. Effects of thyroid hormone (thyroxine) and testosterone on hepatic 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNA and activity in pubertal hypothyroid male rats
58. Urinary cortisol metabolites in the assessment of peripheral thyroid hormone action: Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism
59. 11 Beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in developing rat intestine
60. Differential regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and 2 by nitric oxide in cultured human placental trophoblast and chorionic cell preparation
61. Vasopressin potentiates mineralocorticoid selectivity by stimulating 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat collecting duct
62. Regulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 by diuretics and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis
63. Metyrapone is a competitive inhibitor of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I reductase
64. The role of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human hypertension
65. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess type II
66. 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
67. The 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme: Biochemical consequences of the congenital R337C mutation
68. Apparent mineralocorticoid excess in a Brazilian kindred: Hypertension in the heterozygote state
69. Molecular basis for hypertension in the "type II variant" of apparent mineralocorticoid excess
70. Mutants of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD2) with partial activity: Improved correlations between genotype and biochemical phenotype in apparent mineralocorticoid excess
71. Mineralocorticoid activity of liquorice: 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency comes of age
72. Cortisol inactivation overload: A mechanism of mineralocorticoid hypertension in the ectopic adrenocorticotropin syndrome
73. Defects in the HSD11 gene encoding 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase are not found in patients with apparent mineralocorticoid excess or 11-oxoreductase deficiency
74. Apparent cortisone reductase(11-betaHSDI) deficiency: A rare cause of hyperandrogenemia and hypercortisolism
75. Cortisone reductase deficiency: Evidence for a new inborn error in metabolism of adrenal steroids
76. Apparent cortisone reductase deficiency: A unique form of hypercortisolism
77. Increased metabolic clearance of cortisol in corticosteroid 11-reductase deficiency
78. Failure of cortisone acetate treatment in congenital adrenal hyperplasia because of defective 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reductase activity
79. Apparent cortisone reductase deficiency: A functional defect in 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I
80. Increased 5 alpha-reductase and normal 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase metabolism of C19 and C21 steroids in a young population with polycystic ovarian syndrome
81. Hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome. Evidence of dysregulation of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
82. Endogenous inhibitors of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I do not explain abnormal cortisol metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome
83. Ovarian 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is inversely related to the outcome of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer treatment cycles
84. Ovarian 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: Potential predictor of conception by in-vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer
85. Corticosteroid metabolism in human granulosa-lutein cells
86. 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I knockout mice show attenuated glucocorticoid-inducible responses and resist hyperglycemia on obesity or stress
87. Carbenoxolone increases hepatic insulin sensitivity in man: A novel role for 11-oxosteroid reductase in enhancing glucocorticoid receptor activation
88. 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in cultured hippocampal cells reactivates inert 11-dehydrocorticosterone potentiating neurotoxicity
89. Regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat
90. Does central obesity reflect "Cushing's disease of the omentum"?
91. Vascular localization of the 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type II enzyme