Apoptosis in liver disease

European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Volumn 13, Issue 7, 2001, Pages 785-790

  Schuchmann, Marcus ^a   Galle, Peter R ^a  

^a JOHANNES GUTENBERG UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Caspases; CD95; Keywords; Liver; Signalling; TNF

Indexed keywords

CASPASE; FAS ANTIGEN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RECEPTOR; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR RELATED APOPTOSIS INDUCING LIGAND;

APOPTOSIS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL STRUCTURE; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; ENZYME ACTIVATION; GENE DELETION; HEPATITIS; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; LIGAND BINDING; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIGENS, CD; ANTIGENS, CD95; APOPTOSIS; CASPASES; HUMANS; LIGANDS; LIVER DISEASES; RECEPTORS, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR; RECEPTORS, TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR, TYPE I; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1;

EID: 0034958940     PISSN: 0954691X     EISSN: 14735687     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00042737-200107000-00005     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Steller H. Mechanisms and genes of cellular suicide. Science 1995; 267: 1445-1449.
2. Thompson CB. Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease. Science 1995; 267: 1456-1462.
3. Yuan J, Shaham S, Ledoux S, Ellis HM, Horvitz HR. The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme. Cell 1993; 75: 641-652.
4. Gores GJ (Editor). Apoptosis as a mechanism of liver disease. Semin Liver Dis 1998; 18 (2).
5. Galle PR, Hofmann WJ, Walczak H, Schaller H, Otto G, Stremmel W. et al. Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) receptor and ligand in liver damage. J Exp Med 1995; 182: 1223-1230.
6. Patel T. Immune escape in hepatocellular cancer: is a good offense the best defense? Hepatology 1999; 30: 576-578.
7. Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 1972; 26: 239-257.
8. Thornberry NA, Lazebnik Y. Caspases: enemies within. Science 1998; 281: 1312-1316.
9. Los M, Wesselborg S, Schulze-Osthoff K. The role of caspases in development, immunity, and apoptotic signal transduction: lessons from knockout mice. Immunity 1999; 10: 629-639.
10. Wolf BB, Green DR. Suicidal tendencies: apoptotic cell death by caspase family proteinases. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 20 049-20 052.
11. Boldin MP, Goncharov TM, Goltsev YV, Wallach D. Involvement of MACH, a novel MORT1/FADD-interacting protease, in Fas/APO1- and TNF receptor-induced cell death. Cell 1996; 85: 803-815.
12. Muzio M, Chinnaiyan AM, Kischkel FC, O'Rourke K, Shevchenko A, Ni J. et al. FLICE, a novel FADD-homologous ICE/CED-3-like protease, is recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) death-inducing signaling complex. Cell 1996; 85: 817-827.
13. Varfolomeev EE, Schuchmann M, Luria V, Chiannilkulchai N, Beckmann JS, Mett IL. et al. Targeted disruption of the mouse capase 8 gene ablates cell death induction by the TNF receptors, Fas/Apol, and DR3 and is lethal prenatally. Immunity, 1998; 9: 267-276.
14. Susin SA, Lorenzo HK, Zamzami N, Marzo I, Snow BE, Brothers GM. et al. Molecular characterization of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor. Nature 1999; 397: 441-446.
15. Li P, Nijhawan D, Budihardjo I, Srinivasula SM, Ahmad M, Alnemri ES, Wang X. Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-1/Caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade. Cell 1997; 91: 479-489.
16. Nakagawa T, Zhu H, Morishima N, Li E, Xu J, Yankner BA, Yuan J. Caspase-12 mediates endoplasmic-reticulum-specific apoptosis and cytotoxicity by amyloid-beta. Nature 2000; 403: 98-103.
17. Scaffidi C, Fulda S, Srinivasan A, Friesen C, Li F, Tomaselli KJ. et al. Two CD95 (APO-1/Fas) signaling pathways. EMBO J 1998; 17: 1675-1687.
18. Luo X, Budihardjo I, Zou H, Slaughter C, Wang X. Bid, a Bcl2 interacting protein, mediates cytochrome c release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surface death receptors. Cell 1998; 94: 481-490.
19. Li H, Zhu H, Xu CJ, Yuan J. Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis. Cell 1998; 94: 491-501.
20. Yin XM, Wang K, Gross A, Zhao Y, Zinkel S, Klocke B. et al. Bid-deficient mice are resistant to Fas-induced hepatocellular apoptosis. Nature 1999; 400: 886-891.
21. Cryns V, Yuan J. Proteases to die for. Genes Dev 1998; 12:1551-1570. [Published erratum appears in Genes Dev 1999; 13:371.]
22. Chandler JM, Cohen GM, MacFarlane M. Different subcellular distribution of caspase-3 and caspase-7 following Fas-induced apoptosis in mouse liver. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 10 815-10 818.
23. Jones RA, Johnson VL, Buck NR, Dobrota M, Hinton RH, Chow SC, Kass GE. Fas-mediated apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes involves the processing and activation of caspases. Hepatology 1998; 27: 1632-1642.
24. Wallach D, Varfolomeev EE, Malinin NL, Goltsev YV, Kovalenko AV, Boldin MP. Tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas signaling mechanisms. Annu Rev Immunol 1999; 17: 331-367.
25. Moss ML, Jin SL, Milla ME, Burkhart W, Carter HL, Chen WJ. et al. Cloning of a disintegrin metalloproteinase that processes precursor tumour-necrosis factor-alpha. Nature 1997; 385: 733-736.
26. Black RA, Rauch CT, Kozlosky CJ, Peschon JJ, Slack JL, Wolfson MF. et al. A metalloproteinase disintegrin that releases tumour-necrosis factor-alpha from cells. Nature 1997; 385: 729-733.
27. Mariani SM, Krammer PH. Differential regulation of TRAIL and CD95 ligand in transformed cells of the T and B lymphocyte lineage. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 973-982.
28. Beutler B, Cerami A. Cachectin, cachexia, and shock. Annu Rev Med 1988; 39: 75-83.
29. Powell WC, Fingleton B, Wilson CL, Boothby M, Matrisian LM. The metalloproteinase matrilysin proteolytically generates active soluble Fas ligand and potentiates epithelial cell apoptosis. Curr Biol 1999; 9: 1441-1447.
30. Schneider P, Holler N, Bodmer JL, Hahne M, Frei K, Fontana A, Tschopp J. Conversion of membrane-bound Fas (CD95) ligand to its soluble form is associated with downregulation of its proapoptotic activity and loss of liver toxicity. J Exp Med 1998; 187: 1205-1213.
31. Tanaka M, Itai T, Adachi M, Nagata S. Downregulation of Fas ligand by shedding. Nat Med 1998; 4: 31-36.
32. Tanaka M, Suda T, Haze K, Nakamura N, Sato K, Kimura F. et al. Fas ligand in human serum. Nat Med 1996; 2: 317-322.
33. Strand S, Galle PR. Immune evasion by tumours: involvement of the CD95 (APO-1/Fas) system and its clinical implications. Mol Med Today 1998; 4: 63-68.
34. Que FG, Phan VA, Phan VH, Celli A, Batts K, LaRusso NF, Gores GJ. Cholangiocarcinomas express Fas ligand and disable the Fas receptor. Hepatology 1999; 30: 1398-1404.
35. O'Connell J, O'Sullivan GC, Collins JK, Shanahan F. The Fas counterattack: Fas-mediated T cell killing by colon cancer cells expressing Fas ligand. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 1075-1082.
36. Hahne M, Rimoldi D, Schroter M, Romero P, Schreier M, French LE. et al. Melanoma cell expression of Fas (Apo-1/CD95) ligand: implications for tumor immune escape. Science 1996; 274: 1363-1366.
37. Wallach D, Boldin M, Varfolomeev E, Beyaert R, Vandenabeele P, Fiers W. Cell death induction by receptors of the TNF family: towards a molecular understanding. FEBS Lett 1997; 410: 96-106.
38. Nagata S. Apoptosis by death factor. Cell 1997; 88: 355-365.
39. Faubion WA, Gores GJ. Death receptors in liver biology and pathobiology. Hepatology 1999; 29: 1-4.
40. Van Deventer SJ. Review article: targeting TNF alpha as a key cytokine in the inflammatory processes of Crohn's disease - the mechanisms of action of infliximab. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1999; 13 (suppl 4): 3-8.
41. Sandborn WJ, Hanauer SB. Antitumor necrosis factor therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a review of agents, pharmacology, clinical results, and safety. Inflamm Bowel Dis 1999; 5: 119-133.
42. Maini R, St Clair EW, Breedveld F, Furst D, Kalden J, Weisman M. et al. Infliximab (chimeric anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody) versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving concomitant methotrexate: a randomised phase III trial. ATTRACT Study Group. Lancet 1999; 354: 1932-1939.
43. Spengler U, Zachoval R, Gallati H, Jung MC, Hoffmann R, Riethmuller G, Pape G. Serum levels and in situ expression of TNF-alpha and TNF-alpha binding proteins in inflammatory liver diseases. Cytokine 1996; 8: 864-872.
44. Kallinowski B, Haseroth K, Marinos G, Hanck C, Stremmel W, Theilmann L. et al. Induction of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type p55 and p75 in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 111: 269-277.
45. Bigda J, Beletsky I, Brakebusch C, Varfolomeev Y, Engelmann H, Holtmann H, Wallach D. Dual role of the p75 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor in TNF cytotoxicity. J Exp Med 1994; 180: 445-460.
46. Pitti RM, Marsters SA, Lawrence DA, Roy M, Kischkel FC, Dowd P. et al. Genomic amplification of a decoy receptor for Fas ligand in lung and colon cancer. Nature 1998; 396: 699-703.
47. Degli-Esposti M. To die or not to die - the quest of the TRAIL receptors. J Leukoc Biol 1999; 65: 535-542.
48. Walczak H, Miller RE, Ariail K, Gliniak B, Griffith TS, Kubin M. et al. Tumoricidal activity of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand in vivo. Nat Med 1999; 5: 157-163.
49. Sedger LM, Shows DM, Blanton RA, Peschon JJ, Goodwin RG, Cosman D, Wiley SR. IFN-gamma mediates a novel antiviral activity through dynamic modulation of TRAIL and TRAIL receptor expression. J Immunol 1999; 163: 920-926.
50. Jo M, Kim TH, Seol DW, Esplen JE, Dorko K, Billiar TR, Strom SC. Apoptosis induced in normal human hepatocytes by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Nat Med 2000; 6: 564-567.
51. Nitsch R, Bechmann I, Deisz RA, Haas D, Lehmann TN, Wendling U, Zipp F. Human brain-cell death induced by tumour-necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Lancet 2000; 356: 827-828.
52. Hess S, Engelmann H. A novel function of CD40: induction of cell death in transformed cells. J Exp Med 1996; 183: 159-167.
53. Grell M, Zimmermann G, Gottfried E, Chen CM, Grunwald U, Huang DC. et al. Induction of cell death by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 2, CD40 and CD30: a role for TNF-R1 activation by endogenous membrane-anchored TNF. EMBO J 1999; 18: 3034-3043.
54. Sugimoto K, Shiraki K, Ito T, Fujikawa K, Takase K, Tameda Y. et al. Expression of functional CD40 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 1999; 30: 920-926.
55. Leifeld L, Trautwein C, Dumoulin FL, Manns MP, Sauerbruch T, Spengler U. Enhanced expression of CD80 (B7-1), CD86 (B7-2), and CD40 and their ligands CD28 and CD154 in fulminant hepatic failure. Am J Pathol 1999; 154: 1711-1720.
56. Hess S, Gottfried E, Smola H, Grunwald U, Schuchmann M, Engelmann H. CD40 induces resistance to TNF-mediated apoptosis in a fibroblast cell line. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28: 3594-3604.
57. Jiang Y, Woronicz JD, Liu W, Goeddel DC. Prevention of constitutive TNF receptor 1 signaling by silencer of death domains. Science 1999; 283:543-546. [Published erratum appears in Science 1999; 283:1852.]
58. Faubion WA, Guicciardi ME, Miyoshi H, Bronk SF, Roberts PJ, Svingen PA. et al. Toxic bile salts induce rodent hepatocyte apoptosis via direct activation of Fas. J Clin Invest 1999; 103: 137-145.
59. Kawabata M, Imamura T, Inoue H, Hanai J, Nishihara A, Hanyu A. et al. Intracellular signaling of the TGF-beta superfamily by Smad proteins. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 886: 73-82.
60. Khalil N. TGF-beta: from latent to active. Microbes Infect 1999; 1: 1255-1263.
61. Lin JK, Chou CK. in vitro apoptosis in the human hepatoma cell line induced by transforming growth factor beta 1. Cancer Res 1992; 52: 385-388.
62. Oberhammer F, Bursch W, Tiefenbacher R, Froschl G, Pavelka M, Purchio T, Schulte-Hermann R. Apoptosis is induced by transforming growth factor-beta 1 within 5 hours in regressing liver without significant fragmentation of the DNA. Hepatology 1993; 18: 1238-1246.
63. Shima Y, Nakao K, Nakashima T, Kawakami A, Nakata K, Hamasaki K. et al. Activation of caspase-8 in transforming growth factor-beta-induced apoptosis of human hepatoma cells. Hepatology 1999; 30: 1215-1222.
64. Kanzler S, Lohse AW, Keil A, Henninger J, Dienes HP, Schirmacher P. et al. TGF-beta1 in liver fibrosis: an inducible transgenic mouse model to study liver fibrogenesis. Am J Physiol 1999; 276: G1059-1068.
65. Adachi M, Suematsu S, Kondo T, Ogasawara J, Tanaka T, Yoshida N, Nagata S. Targeted mutation in the Fas gene causes hyperplasia in peripheral lymphoid organs and liver. Nat Genet 1995; 11: 294-300.
66. Ogasawara J, Watanabe FR, Adachi M, Matsuzawa A, Kasugai T, Kitamura Y. et al. Lethal effect of the anti-Fas antibody in mice. Nature 1993; 364: 806-809.
67. Rodriguez I, Matsuura K, Ody C, Nagata S, Vassalli P. Systemic injection of a tripeptide inhibits the intracellular activation of CPP32-like proteases in vivo and fully protects mice against Fas-mediated fulminant liver destruction and death. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 2067-2072.
68. Lacronique V, Mignon A, Fabre M, Viollet B, Rouquet N, Molina T. et al. Bcl-2 protects from lethal hepatic apoptosis induced by an anti-Fas antibody in mice. Nat Med 1996; 2: 80-86.
69. Rodriguez I, Matsuura K, Khatib K, Reed JC, Nagata S, Vassalli P. A bcl-2 transgene expressed in hepatocytes protects mice from fulminant liver destruction but not from rapid death induced by anti-Fas antibody injection. J Exp Med 1996; 183: 1031-1036.
70. Streetz KL, Leifeld L, Grundmann D, Ramakers J, Eckert K, Bradham CA. et al. Adeno-viral transfer protects from TNFα dependent apoptosis and fulminant hepatic failure in vivo. Hepatology 1999; 30 (suppl 4:2): 901.901.
71. Yamamoto M, Miura N, Ohtake N, Amagaya S, Ishige A, Sasaki H. et al. Genipin, a metabolite derived from the herbal medicine Inchin-ko-to, and suppression of Fas-induced lethal liver apoptosis in mice. Gastroenterology 2000; 118: 380-389.
72. Kosai K, Matsumoto K, Funakoshi H, Nakamura T. Hepatocyte growth factor prevents endotoxin-induced lethal hepatic failure in mice. Hepatology 1999; 30: 151-159.
73. Van Molle W, Denecker G, Rodriguez I, Brouckaert P, Vandenabeele P, Libert C. Activation of caspases in lethal experimental hepatitis and prevention by acute phase proteins. J Immunol 1999; 163: 5235-5241.
74. Feng G, Kaplowitz N. Colchicine protects mice from the lethal effect of an agonistic anti-Fas antibody. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 329-339.
75. Takehara T, Hayashi N, Tatsumi T, Kanto T, Mita E, Sasaki Y. et al. Interleukin 1beta protects mice from Fas-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis and death. Gastroenterology 1999; 117: 661-668.
76. Tiegs G, Kusters S, Kunstle G, Hentze H, Kiemer AK, Wendel A. Ebselen protects mice against T cell-dependent, TNF-mediated apoptotic liver injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 287: 1098-1104.
77. Wang CY, Mayo MW, Korneluk RG, Goeddel DV, Baldwin AS Jr. NF-kappaB antiapoptosis: induction of TRAF1 and TRAF2 and c-IAP1 and c-IAP2 to suppress caspase-8 activation. Science 1998; 281: 1680-1683.
78. Jobin C, Panja A, Hellerbrand C, Iimuro Y, Didonato J, Brenner DA, Sartor RB. Inhibition of proinflammatory molecule production by adenovirus-mediated expression of a nuclear factor kappaB super-repressor in human intestinal epithelial cells. J Immunol 1998; 160: 410-418.
79. Brune B, von Knethen A, Sandau KB. Nitric oxide (NO): an effector of apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 1999; 6: 969-975.
80. Li J, Billiar TR. The anti-apoptotic actions of nitric oxide in hepatocytes. Cell Death Differ 1999; 6: 952-955.
81. Dimmeler S, Haendeler J, Nehls M, Zeiher AM. Suppression of apoptosis by nitric oxide via inhibition of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE)-like and cysteine protease protein (CPP)-32-like proteases. J Exp Med 1997; 185: 601-607.
82. Li J, Bombeck CA, Yang S, Kim YM, Billiar TR. Nitric oxide suppresses apoptosis via interrupting caspase activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cultured hepatocytes. J Biol Chem 1999; 274: 17 325-17 333.
83. Mannick JB, Hausladen A, Liu L, Hess DT, Zeng M, Miao QX. et al. Fas-induced caspase denitrosylation. Science 1999; 284: 651-654.
84. Hentze H, Kunstle G, Volbracht C, Ertel W, Wendel A. CD95-mediated murine hepatic apoptosis requires an intact glutathione status. Hepatology 1999; 30: 177-185.
85. O'Connell J, O'Sullivan GC, Collins JK, Shanahan F. The Fas counterattack: Fas-mediated T cell killing by colon cancer cells expressing Fas ligand. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 1075-1082.
86. Irmler M, Thome M, Hahne M, Schneider P, Hofmann K, Steiner V. et al. Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP. Nature 1997; 388: 190-195.
87. Suzuki A, Araki T, Miura M, Tsutomi Y. Functional absence of FADD in PLC/PRF/5 hepatoma cells: possible involvement in the transformation to hepatoma in HBV-infected hepatocytes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1999; 221: 72-79.
88. Gottlob K, Fulco M, Levrero M, Graessmann A. The hepatitis B virus HBx protein inhibits caspase 3 activity. J Biol Chem 1998; 273: 33 347-33 353.
89. Su F, Schneider RJ. Hepatitis B virus HBx protein sensitizes cells to apoptotic killing by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 8744-8749.
90. Chen CM, You LR, Hwang LH, Lee YH. Direct interaction of hepatitis C virus core protein with the cellular lymphotoxin-beta receptor modulates the signal pathway of the lymphotoxin-beta receptor. J Virol 1997; 71: 9417-9426.
91. Matsumoto M, Hsieh TY, Zhu N, VanArsdale T, Hwang SB, Jeng KS. et al. Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of lymphotoxin-beta receptor. J Virol 1997; 71: 1301-1309.
92. Zhu N, Khoshnan A, Schneider R, Matsumoto M, Dennert G, Ware C, Lai MM. Hepatitis C virus core protein binds to the cytoplasmic domain of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 and enhances TNF-induced apoptosis. J Virol 1998; 72: 3691-3697.
93. Ruggieri A, Harada T, Matsuura Y, Miyamura T. Sensitization to Fas-mediated apoptosis by hepatitis C virus core protein. Virology 1997; 229: 68-76.
94. Marusawa H, Hijikata M, Chiba T, Shimotohno K. Hepatitis C virus core protein inhibits Fas- and tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis via NF-kappaB activation. J Virol 1999; 73: 4713-4720.
95. Dumoulin FL, von dem Bussche A, Sohne J, Sauerbruch T, Spengler U. Hepatitis C virus core protein does not inhibit apoptosis in human hepatoma cells. Eur J Clin Invest 1999; 29: 940-946.
96. Tai D, Tsai SL, Chen YM, Chuang YL, Peng CY, Sheen IS. et al. Activation of nuclear factor-κB in hepatitis C infection: implication for pathogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology 2000; 31: 656-664.
97. Taylor DR, Shi ST, Romano PR, Barber GN, Lai MM. Inhibition of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR by HCV E2 protein. Science 1999; 285: 107-110
98. Zhang J, Cado D, Chen A, Kabra NH, Winoto A. Fas-mediated apoptosis and activation-induced T-cell proliferation are defective in mice lacking FADD/Mort1. Nature 1998; 392: 296-300.
99. Kennedy NJ, Kataoka T, Tschopp J, Budd RC. Caspase activation is required for T cell proliferation. J Exp Med 1999; 190: 1891-1896.