The endocrine function of the fat cell-regulation by the sympathetic nervous system

Hormone and Metabolic Research

Volumn 32, Issue 11-12, 2000, Pages 453-467

  Lawrence, V J ^a   Coppack, S W ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Adipose Tissue; Adrenergic Receptor; Catecholamines; Cytokines; Leptin; Obesity; Sympathetic Nervous System

Indexed keywords

ADIPOCYTE; ADRENAL MEDULLA; ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; CATECHOLAMINE RELEASE; HUMAN; LIPID METABOLISM; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0034473156     PISSN: 00185043     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-978671     Document Type: Review

References (174)

1. Obesity as a medical problem
2. Catecholamine-induced lipolysis in obesity
3. Regulation of beta 3-adrenoceptor expression in white fat cells
4. Effects of epinephrine infusion on adipose tissue: Interactions between blood flow and lipid metabolism
5. The sympathetic nervous system and obesity: Role in aetiology and treatment
6. Sympathoadrenal activity in human obesity: Heterogeneity of findings since 1980
7. Obesity, a disorder of nutrient partitioning: The MONA LISA hypothesis
8. The MONA LISA hypothesis in the time of leptin
9. Obesity-a state of reduced sympathetic activity and normal or high adrenal activity (the autonomic and adrenal hypothesis revisited)
10. Depressed expression of adipocyte beta-adrenergic receptors is a common feature of congenital and diet-induced obesity in rodents
11. Sympathoadrenal system and metabolism
12. Sympathetic nervous activity and the thermic effect of feeding in man
13. The influence of starvation and natural refeeding on the rate of triacylglycerol/fatty acid substrate cycling in brown adipose tissue and different white adipose sites of the rat in vivo. The role of insulin and the sympathetic nervous system
14. Up-regulation of muscle UCP2 gene expression by a new beta3-adrenoceptor agonist, trecadrine, in obese (cafeteria) rodents, but down-regulation in lean animals
15. Ethnic differences in sympathetic nervous system-mediated energy expenditure
16. Development of beta 3-adrenoceptor agonists for the treatment of obesity and diabetes-an update
17. Chronic norepinephrine injection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus produces hyperphagia and increased body weight in the rat
18. Reciprocal relation of food intake and sympathetic activity: Experimental observations and clinical implications
19. Norepinephrine turnover and energy expenditure in Pima Indian and white men
20. Adrenergic regulation of adipocyte metabolism
21. Effects of insulin on adrenoceptor binding and the rate of catecholamine-induced lipolysis in isolated human fat cells
22. Beta-3 adrenoceptor (beta-3AR) expression in leptin treated OB/OB mice
23. Endotoxin-induced alteration in the expression of leptin and beta3-adrenergic receptor in adipose tissue
24. Catecholamine resistance in fat cells of women with upper-body obesity due to decreased expression of beta 2-adrenoceptors
25. Variation in adrenergic regulation of lipolysis between omental and subcutaneous adipocytes from obese and non-obese men
26. Excessive portal venous supply of long-chain free fatty acids to the liver, leading to hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis and sympathetic activation as a key to the development of syndrome X. A proposed concept for the induction of syndrome X
27. Surgical removal of visceral fat reverses hepatic insulin resistance
28. Regional differences in triglyceride breakdown in human adipose tissue: Effects of catecholamines, insulin, prostaglandin E2
29. Increased plasma noradrenaline during adrenaline infusion in man
30. Co-release of neuropeptide Y and catecholamines during physical exercise in man
31. Neuropeptide Y as an autonomic neurotransmitter
32. Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight
33. Effects of energy restriction and exercise on the sympathetic nervous system
34. A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis
35. Gluttony and thermogenesis revisited
36. Fat cell adrenergic receptors and the control of white and brown fat cell function
37. Brown adipose tissue in patients with phaeochromocytoma
38. Ultrastructural and biochemical characterization of human brown adipose tissue in pheochromocytoma
39. Thermogenic response to epinephrine in the forearm and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue
40. Differential regulation of mouse uncoupling proteins among brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in chronic beta 3 adrenergic receptor agonist treatment
41. Differential regulation of uncoupling protein-1, -2 and -3 gene expression by sympathetic innervation in brown adipose tissue of thermoneutral or cold-exposed rats
42. Development of obesity in transgenic mice after genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue
43. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue blood flow: Variation within and between subjects and relationship to obesity
44. Adrenergic activation of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression in rat brown adipose tissue: Implication in cold-induced angiogenesis
45. A review of the microcirculation of adipose tissue: Anatomic, metabolic, and angiogenic perspectives
46. Bcl-2 and Bax are involved in the sympathetic protection of brown adipocytes from obesity-linked apoptosis
47. Role of sympathetic innervation in brown adipocyte proliferation
48. Alpha2-adrenergic receptor-mediated release of lysophosphatidic acid by adipocytes. A paracrine signal for preadipocyte growth
49. LPA as a paracrine mediator of adipocyte growth and function
50. Regulation of adipose cell number in man
51. Thermoregulatory and metabolic phenotypes of mice lacking noradrenaline and adrenaline
52. Innervation of mammalian white adipose tissue: Implications for the regulation of total body fat
53. Morphological studies on the adrenergic innervation of white adipose tissue
54. Reflex effects from leptin sensors in the white adipose tissue of the epididymis to the efferent activity of the sympathetic and vagus nerve in the rat
55. Debating sympathetic overactivity as a hallmark of human obesity: An opposing position
56. Debating sympathetic overactivity as a hallmark of human obesity: A pro's position
57. Body fat and sympathetic nerve activity in healthy subjects
58. Regional sympathetic nervous activity and oxygen consumption in obese normotensive human subjects
59. Neuroendocrine abnormalities in visceral obesity
60. How to assess sympathetic activity in humans
61. Measurement of total and organ-specific norepinephrine kinetics in humans
62. Metabolic characteristics of human adipose tissue in vivo
63. Metabolic changes in persons after spinal cord injury
64. Alterations of neuroendocrine functions in spinal cord injury
65. Influence of the sympathetic nervous system on insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue metabolism: A study in spinal cord-injured subjects
66. Regulation of lipolysis by the sympathetic nervous system: A microdialysis study in normal and spinal cord-injured subjects
67. Free plasma catecholamines in spinal cord injured persons with different injury levels at rest and during exercise
68. A low sympathoadrenal activity is associated with body weight gain and development of central adiposity in Pima Indian men
69. Pima Indian males have lower beta-adrenergic sensitivity than Caucasian males
70. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system activities in Pima Indians and Caucasians
71. TRP64ARG beta 3-adrenergic receptor and obesity in Mexican Americans
72. A paired sibling analysis of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor and obesity in Mexican Americans
73. The Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene is not associated with obesity or type 2 diabetes mellitus in a large population-based Caucasian cohort
74. Effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene on body fat, plasma glucose level, lipid profile, insulin secretion and action in Chinese
75. The beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene Trp64Arg mutation is overrepresented in obese women. Effects on weight, BMI, abdominal fat, blood pressure, and reproductive history in an elderly Australian population
76. Effects of Trp64Arg mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene on weight loss, body fat distribution, glycemic control, and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetic patients
77. Effects of weight reduction on the regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes of women with upper-body obesity
78. Divergent effects of weight reduction and oral anticonception treatment on adrenergic lipolysis regulation in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome
79. Impaired glucose-induced thermogenesis and arterial norepinephrine response persist after weight reduction in obese humans
80. Whole body, adipose tissue, and forearm norepinephrine kinetics in lean and obese women
81. Whole body and abdominal lipolytic sensitivity to epinephrine is suppressed in upper body obese women
82. No difference in the lipolytic response to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in situ but a delayed increase in adipose tissue blood flow in moderately obese compared with lean men in the postexercise period
83. Effects of nutrient intake on sympathoadrenal activity and thermogenic mechanisms
84. Beta-adrenergic regulation of insulin and epidermal growth factor receptors in rat adipocytes
85. Hyperglycemia without hyperinsulinemia produces both sympathetic neural activation and vasodilation in normal humans
86. Insulin promotes electrical coupling between cultured sympathetic neurons
87. Hyperinsulinemia produces both sympathetic neural activation and vasodilation in normal humans
88. Intra-cerebroventricular insulin caused non-uniform regional increases in sympathetic nerve activity
89. Effects of four years' treatment with biosynthetic human growth hormone (GH) on body composition in GH-deficient hypopituitary adults
90. Effects of cortisol and growth hormone on lipolysis in human adipose tissue
91. Food intake, sympathetic activity, and adrenal steroids
92. Adrenalectomy reverses pre-existing obesity in adult genetically obese (ob/ob) mice
93. Effects of physiological hypercortisolemia on the regulation of lipolysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue
94. The molecular mechanism of the stimulation of adipocyte differentiation by a glucocorticoid
95. Corticosterone inhibits uncoupling protein gene expression in brown adipose tissue
96. Modulation of uncoupling protein 2 and uncoupling protein 3: Regulation by denervation, leptin and retinoic acid treatment
97. Adrenalectomy in genetically obese ob/ob and db/db mice increases the proton conductance pathway
98. The effects of adrenalectomy, corticotropin releasing factor and vasopressin on the sympathetic firing rate of nerves to interscapular brown adipose tissue in the Zucker rat
99. Alpha2-adrenoceptor regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in obesity
100. Triiodothyronine amplifies the adrenergic stimulation of uncoupling protein expression in rat brown adipocytes
101. Full expression of uncoupling protein gene requires the concurrence of norepinephrine and triiodothyronine
102. Functional TSH receptor in human abdominal preadipocytes and orbital fibroblasts
103. Adrenergic activation of triiodothyronine production in brown adipose tissue
104. The in vivo effects of beta-3-receptor agonist CGP-12177 on thyroxine deiodination in cold-exposed, sympathectomized rat brown fat
105. Regulation of brown adipose tissue lipogenesis by thyroid hormone and the sympathetic nervous system
106. Effect of hypothyroidism on adenylyl cyclase activity and subtype gene expression in brown adipose tissue
107. Thyroid hormone and norepinephrine signaling in brown adipose tissue. II: Differential effects of thyroid hormone on beta 3-adrenergic receptors in brown and white adipose tissue
108. Expression of leptin and beta 3-adrenergic receptors in rat adipose tissue in altered thyroid states
109. Adrenergic receptor function in fat cells
110. Hormone replacement therapy affects body composition and leptin differently in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women
111. Effects of sex steroid hormones on regional fat depots as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in transsexuals
112. Changes in fat cell size and in vitro lipolytic activity of abdominal and gluteal adipocytes after a one-year cross-sex hormone administration in transsexuals
113. Reversal of the sex difference in serum leptin levels upon cross-sex hormone administration in transsexuals
114. Estrogen suppresses transcription of lipoprotein lipase gene. Existence of a unique estrogen response element on the lipoprotein lipase promoter
115. Postreceptor events involved in the up-regulation of beta-adrenergic receptor mediated lipolysis by testosterone in rat white adipocytes
116. Reduced norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue of obese rats after ovariectomy
117. Role of sympathetic nerves in effects of estradiol on rat white adipose tissue
118. The role of TNFalpha and TNF receptors in obesity and insulin resistance
119. Subcutaneous adipose tissue releases interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in vivo
120. Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo
121. The role of TNF-alpha in human adipose tissue: Prevention of weight gain at the expense of insulin resistance?
122. Tumour necrosis factor, a key role in obesity?
123. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits leptin production in subcutaneous and omental adipocytes from morbidly obese humans
124. Induction of rat uncoupling protein-2 gene treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha in vivo
125. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces apoptosis of human adipose cells
126. Tumor necrosis factor alpha mediates apoptosis of brown adipocytes and defective brown adipocyte function in obesity
127. Expression pattern of tumour necrosis factor receptors in subcutaneous and omental human adipose tissue: Role of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
128. The differential effect of food intake and beta-adrenergic stimulation on adipose-derived hormones and cytokines in man
129. Regulation of tumour necrosis factor-alpha release from human adipose tissue in vitro
130. Responses of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to interleukin-6: A pilot study in fibromyalgia
131. Adipose tissue as an endocrine and paracrine organ
132. Beta-adrenergic regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in humans in vivo
133. Beta-Adrenergic stimulation of interleukin-1alpha and interleukin-6 expression in mouse brown adipocytes
134. Acute cold-induced suppression of ob (obese) gene expression in white adipose tissue of mice: Mediation by the sympathetic system
135. Hyperleptinaemia in mice induced by administration of the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine
136. Regulation of leptin production: A dominant role for the sympathetic nervous system?
137. Norepinephrine is required for leptin effects on gene expression in brown and white adipose tissue
138. Leptin increases circulating glucose, insulin and glucagon via sympathetic neural activation in fasted mice
139. Central administration of leptin inhibits food intake and activates the sympathetic nervous system in rhesus macaques
140. Obesity due to high fat diet decreases the sympathetic nervous and cardiovascular responses to intracerebroventricular leptin in rats
141. Acute cold exposure decreases plasma leptin in women
142. Isoproterenol and somatostatin decrease plasma leptin in humans: A novel mechanism regulating leptin secretion
143. Effect of isoprenaline on plasma leptin and lipolysis in humans
144. Lack of leptin suppression in response to hypersecretion of catecholamines in pheochromocytoma patients
145. Prolonged inhibition of presynaptic catecholamine synthesis does not alter leptin secretion in normal-weight men and women
146. The Gln27Glu polymorphism in the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene is not associated with morbid obesity in Austrian women
147. No effect of Trp64Arg beta3-adrenoceptor polymorphism on the plasma leptin concentration in Pima Indians
148. Recent weight gain in patients with newly diagnosed obstructive sleep apnea
149. Sympathetic neural mechanisms in obstructive sleep apnea
150. Nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure decreases daytime sympathetic traffic in obstructive sleep apnea
151. Increases in leptin levels, sympathetic drive, and weight gain in obstructive sleep apnea
152. Serum leptin and vascular risk factors in obstructive sleep apnea
153. Changes in intra-abdominal visceral fat and serum leptin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome following nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy
154. Sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness and fatigue: Relation to visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and hypercytokinemia
155. Energy expenditure in obstructive sleep apnea
156. Diurnal and ultradian rhythmicity of plasma leptin: Effects of gender and adiposity
157. Physiology and pathophysiology of the adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system
158. Mechanisms contributing to angiotensin II regulation of body weight
159. Presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release by endogenous angiotensin II in brown adipose tissue
160. Cold-induced beta-adrenergic recruitment of lipoprotein lipase in brown fat is due to increased transcription
161. The lipoprotein lipase of white adipose tissue. Changes in the adipocyte cell-surface content of enzyme in response to extracellular effectors in vitro
162. Tissue-specific regulation of lipoprotein lipase by isoproterenol in normal-weight humans
163. Tissue-specifc alterations in lipoprotein lipase activity in the rat after chronic infusion of isoproterenol
164. Regulation of lipoprotein lipase. Induction by insulin
165. Modulation of lipoprotein lipase activity in the rat by the beta 2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol
166. Regulation of expression of the lipoprotein lipase gene in brown adipose tissue
167. Periprandial systemic and regional lipase activity in normal humans
168. Expression of lipoprotein lipase in different human subcutaneous adipose tissue regions
169. Regional variation in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in adipose tissue from obese individuals
170. Lack of evidence for secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo
171. Hormonal control of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene expression and production in human adipose tissue: Stimulation by glucocorticoids and inhibition by catecholamines
172. Influence of metoprolol CR/ZOK on plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in man: A pilot study
173. Roles of PPARs in health and disease
174. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: Nuclear control of metabolism