메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 719-734

How to assess sympathetic activity in humans

Author keywords

Adrenaline; Heart failure; Hypertension; Imaging techniques; Microneurography; Noradrenaline; Noradrenaline spillover; Power spectral analysis; Sympathetic nervous system

Indexed keywords

ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; NORADRENALIN; TRACER;

EID: 0033024752     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004872-199917060-00001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (397)

References (170)
  • 1
    • 0000424601 scopus 로고
    • Die Reflexe eines der sensiblen nerven des herzens auf die motorischen der blutgefässe
    • 1 Cyon E, DE, Ludwig C. Die Reflexe eines der sensiblen nerven des herzens auf die motorischen der blutgefässe. Ber Sachs Ges Akad Wiss 1866; 18:307-328.
    • (1866) Ber Sachs Ges Akad Wiss , vol.18 , pp. 307-328
    • Cyon, E.1    Ludwig, C.2
  • 2
    • 85069260305 scopus 로고
    • Über den einfluss des vagus auf die arbeit der linkem herzkammer
    • 2 Pavlov IP. Über den einfluss des vagus auf die arbeit der linkem herzkammer. Arch Anat Physiol 1887; 452-468.
    • (1887) Arch Anat Physiol , pp. 452-468
    • Pavlov, I.P.1
  • 5
    • 0027417262 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in advanced age
    • 5 Lakatta EG. cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in advanced age. Physiol Rev 1993; 73:413-467.
    • (1993) Physiol Rev , vol.73 , pp. 413-467
    • Lakatta, E.G.1
  • 6
    • 0002965667 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of autonomic disorders
    • Bannister R, Mathias CJ (editors) Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • 6 Mathias CJ, Bannister R. Investigation of autonomic disorders. In: Bannister R, Mathias CJ (editors): Autonomic failure. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1992, pp. 255-290.
    • (1992) Autonomic Failure , pp. 255-290
    • Mathias, C.J.1    Bannister, R.2
  • 7
    • 0023851005 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of human sympathetic nervous system activity from measurements of norepinephrine turnover
    • 7 Esler M, Jennings G, Korner P, Willett J, Dudley F, Hasking G, et al. Assessment of human sympathetic nervous system activity from measurements of norepinephrine turnover. Hypertension 1988; 11:3-20.
    • (1988) Hypertension , vol.11 , pp. 3-20
    • Esler, M.1    Jennings, G.2    Korner, P.3    Willett, J.4    Dudley, F.5    Hasking, G.6
  • 8
    • 0031302151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Björn Folkow award lecture. The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension
    • 8 Mancia G. Björn Folkow award lecture. The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension. J Hypertens 1997; 15:1553-1565.
    • (1997) J Hypertens , vol.15 , pp. 1553-1565
    • Mancia, G.1
  • 9
    • 0001321230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic nervous system
    • Poole-Wilson PA, Colucci WS, Massie BM, Chattergee K, Coats AJ (editors) New York: Churchill Livingstone
    • 9 Grassi G, Cattaneo BM, Mancia G. sympathetic nervous system. In: Poole-Wilson PA, Colucci WS, Massie BM, Chattergee K, Coats AJ (editors): Heart failure: scientific principles and clinical practice. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1997, pp. 199-214.
    • (1997) Heart Failure: Scientific Principles and Clinical Practice , pp. 199-214
    • Grassi, G.1    Cattaneo, B.M.2    Mancia, G.3
  • 11
    • 0017177814 scopus 로고
    • Neural activity and ventricular fibrillation
    • 11 Lown B, Verrier RL. Neural activity and ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 1976; 294:1165-1170.
    • (1976) N Engl J Med , vol.294 , pp. 1165-1170
    • Lown, B.1    Verrier, R.L.2
  • 12
    • 0025740664 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a selective increase in cardiac sympathetic activity in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias
    • 12 Meredith IT, Broughton A, Jennings GL, Esler MD. Evidence of a selective increase in cardiac sympathetic activity in patients with sustained ventricular arrhythmias. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:618-624.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 618-624
    • Meredith, I.T.1    Broughton, A.2    Jennings, G.L.3    Esler, M.D.4
  • 13
    • 0030476828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension: A potential long-term regulator of arterial pressure
    • 13 Mark AL. The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension: a potential long-term regulator of arterial pressure. J Hypertens 1996; 14 (Suppl. 5):S159-S165.
    • (1996) J Hypertens , vol.14 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Mark, A.L.1
  • 14
    • 0001833859 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the renin angiotensin system
    • Laragh J, Brenner B (editors) New York: Raven Press
    • 14 Mancia G, Saino A, Grassi G. Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and the renin angiotensin system. In: Laragh J, Brenner B (editors): Hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. New York: Raven Press; 1995, pp. 399-407.
    • (1995) Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management , pp. 399-407
    • Mancia, G.1    Saino, A.2    Grassi, G.3
  • 15
    • 0030686447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin as a vascular and sympathoexcitatory hormone
    • 15 Scherrer U, Sartori C. Insulin as a vascular and sympathoexcitatory hormone. Circulation 1997; 96:4104-4113.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 4104-4113
    • Scherrer, U.1    Sartori, C.2
  • 16
    • 0032407947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the sympathetic nervous system in human hypertension
    • 16 Grassi G. Role of the sympathetic nervous system in human hypertension. J Hypertens 1998; 16:1979-1987.
    • (1998) J Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 1979-1987
    • Grassi, G.1
  • 17
    • 0024523219 scopus 로고
    • Obesity, metabolism and the sympathetic nervous system
    • 17 Landsberg L, Krieger OR. Obesity, metabolism and the sympathetic nervous system. Am J Hypertens 1989; 2 (Suppl. 2): 125s-132s.
    • (1989) Am J Hypertens , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Landsberg, L.1    Krieger, O.R.2
  • 19
    • 0026021317 scopus 로고
    • Increased sympathetic outflow in cirrhosis and ascites: Direct evidence from intraneural recordings
    • 19 Floras JS, Legault L, Morali GA, Hara K, Blendis LM. Increased sympathetic outflow in cirrhosis and ascites: direct evidence from intraneural recordings. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114:373-380.
    • (1991) Ann Intern Med , vol.114 , pp. 373-380
    • Floras, J.S.1    Legault, L.2    Morali, G.A.3    Hara, K.4    Blendis, L.M.5
  • 20
    • 0021194420 scopus 로고
    • Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
    • 20 Cohn JN, Levine TB, Olivari MT, Garber V, Lura D, Francis GS, et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1984; 311:819-823.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 819-823
    • Cohn, J.N.1    Levine, T.B.2    Olivari, M.T.3    Garber, V.4    Lura, D.5    Francis, G.S.6
  • 21
    • 0019414580 scopus 로고
    • Serial plasma catecholamines response early in the course of clinical acute myocardial infarction: Relationship to infarct extent and mortality
    • 21 Karlsberg RP, Cryer PE, Roberts R. Serial plasma catecholamines response early in the course of clinical acute myocardial infarction: relationship to infarct extent and mortality. Am Heart J 1981; 102:24-29.
    • (1981) Am Heart J , vol.102 , pp. 24-29
    • Karlsberg, R.P.1    Cryer, P.E.2    Roberts, R.3
  • 22
    • 0001497925 scopus 로고
    • Circulatory changes underlying blood pressure elevation during acute emotional stress in normotensive and hypertensive subjects
    • 22 Brod J, Fencl V, Hejl Z, Jirka J. Circulatory changes underlying blood pressure elevation during acute emotional stress in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Clin Sci 1959; 18:269-279.
    • (1959) Clin Sci , vol.18 , pp. 269-279
    • Brod, J.1    Fencl, V.2    Hejl, Z.3    Jirka, J.4
  • 23
    • 0013607794 scopus 로고
    • Observations on some possible precursors of essential hypertension and coronary artery disease: The subjective reaction to cold pressor test as expressed in the verbal response
    • 23 Thomas CD, Stanley JA, Kendrick MA. Observations on some possible precursors of essential hypertension and coronary artery disease: the subjective reaction to cold pressor test as expressed in the verbal response. J Chron Dis 1961; 14:355-362.
    • (1961) J Chron Dis , vol.14 , pp. 355-362
    • Thomas, C.D.1    Stanley, J.A.2    Kendrick, M.A.3
  • 24
    • 0013608991 scopus 로고
    • Testing neural control of circulation in patients: Hemodynamic responses to exercise and stressful stimuli
    • Zanchetti A, Tarazi RC (editors) Amsterdam: Elsevier Science
    • 24 Lundin S, Jern S, Hansson L. Testing neural control of circulation in patients: hemodynamic responses to exercise and stressful stimuli. In: Zanchetti A, Tarazi RC (editors): Handbook of hypertension,: pathology of hypertension, regulatory mechanisms (volume 8). Amsterdam: Elsevier Science; 1986, pp. 237-249.
    • (1986) Handbook of Hypertension,: Pathology of Hypertension, Regulatory Mechanisms , vol.8 , pp. 237-249
    • Lundin, S.1    Jern, S.2    Hansson, L.3
  • 25
    • 0022403360 scopus 로고
    • Variability of the haemodynamic responses to laboratory tests employed in assessment of neural cardiovascular regulation in man
    • 25 Parati G, Pomidossi G, Ramirez AJ, Cesana B, Mancia G. Variability of the haemodynamic responses to laboratory tests employed in assessment of neural cardiovascular regulation in man. Clin Sci 1985; 69:533-540.
    • (1985) Clin Sci , vol.69 , pp. 533-540
    • Parati, G.1    Pomidossi, G.2    Ramirez, A.J.3    Cesana, B.4    Mancia, G.5
  • 26
    • 0023741279 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of different laboratory stressors and their relationship with blood pressure variability
    • 26 Parati G, Pomidossi G, Casadei R, Ravogli A, Groppelli A, Cesana B, et al. Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of different laboratory stressors and their relationship with blood pressure variability. J Hypertens 1988; 6:481-488.
    • (1988) J Hypertens , vol.6 , pp. 481-488
    • Parati, G.1    Pomidossi, G.2    Casadei, R.3    Ravogli, A.4    Groppelli, A.5    Cesana, B.6
  • 27
    • 0020117867 scopus 로고
    • Physiological aspects of primary hypertension
    • 27 Folkow B. Physiological aspects of primary hypertension. Physiol Rev 1982; 62:347-503.
    • (1982) Physiol Rev , vol.62 , pp. 347-503
    • Folkow, B.1
  • 28
    • 0000987391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic control of cardiac conduction and automaticity
    • Shepherd JT, Vatner SF (editors) Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers
    • 28 Levy MN, Martin PJ. Autonomic control of cardiac conduction and automaticity. In: Shepherd JT, Vatner SF (editors): Nervous control of the heart. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1996, pp. 201-226.
    • (1996) Nervous Control of the Heart , pp. 201-226
    • Levy, M.N.1    Martin, P.J.2
  • 30
    • 0015121077 scopus 로고
    • Role of parasympathetic inhibition in the hyperkinetic type of borderline hypertension
    • 30 Julius S, Pascual AV, London R. Role of parasympathetic inhibition in the hyperkinetic type of borderline hypertension. Circulation 1971; 44:413-418.
    • (1971) Circulation , vol.44 , pp. 413-418
    • Julius, S.1    Pascual, A.V.2    London, R.3
  • 31
    • 0016434615 scopus 로고
    • Renal vascular tone in essential and secondary hypertension: Hemodynamic and angiographic responses to vasodilators
    • 31 Hollenberg NK, Adams DF, Solomon H, Chenitz WR, Burger BM, Abrams HL, et al. Renal vascular tone in essential and secondary hypertension: hemodynamic and angiographic responses to vasodilators. Medicine (Baltimore) 1975; 54:29-55.
    • (1975) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.54 , pp. 29-55
    • Hollenberg, N.K.1    Adams, D.F.2    Solomon, H.3    Chenitz, W.R.4    Burger, B.M.5    Abrams, H.L.6
  • 32
    • 85069248853 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of increased alpha adrenergic vasoconstriction in human essential hypertension
    • 32 Egan B, Panis R, Hinderuter A, Shork N, Julius S. Mechanisms of increased alpha adrenergic vasoconstriction in human essential hypertension. J Clin Invest 1987; 80:182-186.
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.80 , pp. 182-186
    • Egan, B.1    Panis, R.2    Hinderuter, A.3    Shork, N.4    Julius, S.5
  • 33
    • 0001641465 scopus 로고
    • The neurogenic component in hypertension
    • 33 Doyle AE, Smirk FH. The neurogenic component in hypertension. Circulation 1955; 12:543-552.
    • (1955) Circulation , vol.12 , pp. 543-552
    • Doyle, A.E.1    Smirk, F.H.2
  • 36
    • 0022369108 scopus 로고
    • Catecholamine metabolism: Basic aspects and clinical significance
    • 36 Kopin IJ. Catecholamine metabolism: basic aspects and clinical significance. Pharmacol Rev 1985; 37:333-365.
    • (1985) Pharmacol Rev , vol.37 , pp. 333-365
    • Kopin, I.J.1
  • 37
    • 0018741411 scopus 로고
    • Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamines in man
    • 37 Robertson D, Johnson GA, Robertson RM, Neis AS, Shand DG, Oates JA. Comparative assessment of stimuli that release neuronal and adrenomedullary catecholamines in man. Circulation 1979; 59:637-643.
    • (1979) Circulation , vol.59 , pp. 637-643
    • Robertson, D.1    Johnson, G.A.2    Robertson, R.M.3    Neis, A.S.4    Shand, D.G.5    Oates, J.A.6
  • 38
    • 0018602913 scopus 로고
    • Clonidine and sympathetic activity during sleep
    • 38 Mailing TJB, Dollery CT, Hamilton CA. Clonidine and sympathetic activity during sleep. Clin Sci 1979; 57:509-514.
    • (1979) Clin Sci , vol.57 , pp. 509-514
    • Mailing, T.J.B.1    Dollery, C.T.2    Hamilton, C.A.3
  • 39
    • 0020958896 scopus 로고
    • Inter-laboratory comparison of plasma catecholamine determinations using several different assays
    • 39 Hjemdahl P. Inter-laboratory comparison of plasma catecholamine determinations using several different assays. Acta Physiol Scand 1984; 112 (Suppl. 527):43-54.
    • (1984) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.112 , Issue.SUPPL. 527 , pp. 43-54
    • Hjemdahl, P.1
  • 40
    • 0030888977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between reproducibility and sensitivity of muscle sympathetic nerve traffic and plasma noradrenaline in man
    • 40 Grassi G, Bolla GB, Seravalle G, Turri C, Lanfranchi A, Mancia G. Comparison between reproducibility and sensitivity of muscle sympathetic nerve traffic and plasma noradrenaline in man. Clin Sci 1997; 92:285-289.
    • (1997) Clin Sci , vol.92 , pp. 285-289
    • Grassi, G.1    Bolla, G.B.2    Seravalle, G.3    Turri, C.4    Lanfranchi, A.5    Mancia, G.6
  • 41
    • 0027174397 scopus 로고
    • Plasma catecholamines: Analytical challenges and physiological limitations
    • 41 Hjemdahl P. Plasma catecholamines: analytical challenges and physiological limitations. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 7:307-353.
    • (1993) Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.7 , pp. 307-353
    • Hjemdahl, P.1
  • 42
    • 0028258283 scopus 로고
    • Improved assay for plasma dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and other catechols urinary high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection
    • 42 Holmes C, Eisenhofer G, Goldstein DS. Improved assay for plasma dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and other catechols urinary high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromat 1994; 653:131-138.
    • (1994) J Chromat , vol.653 , pp. 131-138
    • Holmes, C.1    Eisenhofer, G.2    Goldstein, D.S.3
  • 43
    • 0022492202 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine spillover to plasma in patients with congestive heart failure: Evidence of increased overall and cardiorenal sympathetic nervous activity
    • 43 Hasking GJ, Esler MD, Jennings GL, Burton D, Johns JA, Korner PI. Norepinephrine spillover to plasma in patients with congestive heart failure: evidence of increased overall and cardiorenal sympathetic nervous activity. Circulation 1986; 73:615-621.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.73 , pp. 615-621
    • Hasking, G.J.1    Esler, M.D.2    Jennings, G.L.3    Burton, D.4    Johns, J.A.5    Korner, P.I.6
  • 44
    • 0028882648 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic activation and loss of reflex sympathetic control in mild congestive heart failure
    • 44 Grassi G, Seravalle G, Cattaneo BM, Lanfranchi A, Vailati S, Giannattasio C, et al. Sympathetic activation and loss of reflex sympathetic control in mild congestive heart failure. Circulation 1995; 92:3206-3211.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 3206-3211
    • Grassi, G.1    Seravalle, G.2    Cattaneo, B.M.3    Lanfranchi, A.4    Vailati, S.5    Giannattasio, C.6
  • 46
    • 0020673352 scopus 로고
    • Plasma catecholamines and essential hypertension: An analytical review
    • 46 Goldstein DS. Plasma catecholamines and essential hypertension: an analytical review. Hypertension 1983; 5:86-89.
    • (1983) Hypertension , vol.5 , pp. 86-89
    • Goldstein, D.S.1
  • 47
    • 0027080412 scopus 로고
    • Sympathoadrenal activity in human obesity: Heterogeneity of findings since 1980
    • 47 Young JB, McDonald IA. Sympathoadrenal activity in human obesity: heterogeneity of findings since 1980. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1992; 16:959-967.
    • (1992) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.16 , pp. 959-967
    • Young, J.B.1    McDonald, I.A.2
  • 48
    • 0025026511 scopus 로고
    • Overflow of catecholamines neurotransmitters to the circulation: Source, late and functions
    • 48 Esler MD, Jennings G, Lambert G, Meredith I, Horne M, Eisenhofer G. Overflow of catecholamines neurotransmitters to the circulation: source, late and functions. Physiol Rev 1990; 70:963-985.
    • (1990) Physiol Rev , vol.70 , pp. 963-985
    • Esler, M.D.1    Jennings, G.2    Lambert, G.3    Meredith, I.4    Horne, M.5    Eisenhofer, G.6
  • 49
    • 0018912678 scopus 로고
    • Arterial-venous difference of plasma catecholamines in man
    • 49 Halter JB, Pflug AE, Tolas AG. Arterial-venous difference of plasma catecholamines in man. Metabolism 1980; 29:9-12.
    • (1980) Metabolism , vol.29 , pp. 9-12
    • Halter, J.B.1    Pflug, A.E.2    Tolas, A.G.3
  • 51
    • 0020540754 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of plasma norepinephrine concentrations in human primary hypertension
    • 51 Folkow B, Di Bona GF, Hjemdahl P, Thoren PH, Wallin BG. measurements of plasma norepinephrine concentrations in human primary hypertension. Hypertension 1983; 5:398-403.
    • (1983) Hypertension , vol.5 , pp. 398-403
    • Folkow, B.1    Di Bona, G.F.2    Hjemdahl, P.3    Thoren, P.H.4    Wallin, B.G.5
  • 53
    • 0031867929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different relationships of spillover to release of norepinephrine in human heart, kidneys and forearm
    • 53 Kopin IJ, Rundqvist B, Friberg P, Lenders J, Goldstein DS, Eisenhofer G. Different relationships of spillover to release of norepinephrine in human heart, kidneys and forearm. Am J Physiol 1998; 275:R165-R173.
    • (1998) Am J Physiol , vol.275
    • Kopin, I.J.1    Rundqvist, B.2    Friberg, P.3    Lenders, J.4    Goldstein, D.S.5    Eisenhofer, G.6
  • 54
    • 0027229631 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac sympathetic nervous activity in congestive heart failure: Evidence for increased neuronal norepinephrine release and preserved neuronal uptake
    • 54 Meredith IT, Eisenhofer G, Lambert GW, Dewar EMN, Jennings GL, Esler MD. Cardiac sympathetic nervous activity in congestive heart failure: evidence for increased neuronal norepinephrine release and preserved neuronal uptake. Circulation 1993; 88:136-145.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 136-145
    • Meredith, I.T.1    Eisenhofer, G.2    Lambert, G.W.3    Dewar, E.M.N.4    Jennings, G.L.5    Esler, M.D.6
  • 55
    • 0027320669 scopus 로고
    • Functional and neurochemical evidence of partial cardiac sympathetic reinnervation after cardiac transplantation
    • 55 Kaye DM, Esler MD, Kingwell B, Jennings JL, McPherson G, Esmore D. Functional and neurochemical evidence of partial cardiac sympathetic reinnervation after cardiac transplantation. Circulation 1993; 88:1110-1118.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , pp. 1110-1118
    • Kaye, D.M.1    Esler, M.D.2    Kingwell, B.3    Jennings, J.L.4    McPherson, G.5    Esmore, D.6
  • 56
    • 0018566312 scopus 로고
    • Somatosensory, proprioceptive and sympathetic activity in human peripheral nerves
    • 56 Vallbo A, Hagbarth KE, Torebjörk HE, Wallin BG. Somatosensory, proprioceptive and sympathetic activity in human peripheral nerves. Physiol Rev 1979; 59:919-957.
    • (1979) Physiol Rev , vol.59 , pp. 919-957
    • Vallbo, A.1    Hagbarth, K.E.2    Torebjörk, H.E.3    Wallin, B.G.4
  • 57
    • 0015265059 scopus 로고
    • General characteristics of sympathetic activity in human muscle nerves
    • 57 Delius W, Hagbarth KE, Hongell A, Wallin BG. General characteristics of sympathetic activity in human muscle nerves. Acta Physiol Scand 1972; 84:65-81.
    • (1972) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.84 , pp. 65-81
    • Delius, W.1    Hagbarth, K.E.2    Hongell, A.3    Wallin, B.G.4
  • 59
    • 0032030994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vasodilator component in sympathetic nerve activity destined for the skin of the dorsal foot of mildly heated humans
    • 59 Sugenoya J, Iwase S, Mano T, Sugiyama Y, Ogawa T, Nishiyama T, et al. Vasodilator component in sympathetic nerve activity destined for the skin of the dorsal foot of mildly heated humans. J Physiol (Lond) 1998; 507:603-610.
    • (1998) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.507 , pp. 603-610
    • Sugenoya, J.1    Iwase, S.2    Mano, T.3    Sugiyama, Y.4    Ogawa, T.5    Nishiyama, T.6
  • 61
    • 0342642425 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of sympathetic nerve activity to arm and leg during mental stress
    • 61 Anderson EA, Wallin BG, Mark AL. Dissociation of sympathetic nerve activity to arm and leg during mental stress. Hypertension 1987; 9 (Suppl. III):114-119.
    • (1987) Hypertension , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. III , pp. 114-119
    • Anderson, E.A.1    Wallin, B.G.2    Mark, A.L.3
  • 62
    • 0017717121 scopus 로고
    • The variability of muscle nerve sympathetic activity in resting recumbent man
    • 62 Sundlof G, Wallin BG. The variability of muscle nerve sympathetic activity in resting recumbent man. J Physiol (Lond) 1977; 272:383-397.
    • (1977) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.272 , pp. 383-397
    • Sundlof, G.1    Wallin, B.G.2
  • 63
    • 0027164718 scopus 로고
    • Long-term variability and reproducibility of resting human muscle nerve sympathetic activity at rest, as reassessed after a decade
    • 63 Fagius J, Wallin BG. Long-term variability and reproducibility of resting human muscle nerve sympathetic activity at rest, as reassessed after a decade. Clin Auton Res 1993; 3:201-205.
    • (1993) Clin Auton Res , vol.3 , pp. 201-205
    • Fagius, J.1    Wallin, B.G.2
  • 64
    • 12644286555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral noradrenaline spillover and its relation to muscle sympathetic nervous activity in healthy subjects
    • 64 Lambert GW, Thompson JH, Turner AG, Cox HS, Wilkinson D, et al. Cerebral noradrenaline spillover and its relation to muscle sympathetic nervous activity in healthy subjects. J Auton Nerv Syst 1997; 64:57-64.
    • (1997) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.64 , pp. 57-64
    • Lambert, G.W.1    Thompson, J.H.2    Turner, A.G.3    Cox, H.S.4    Wilkinson, D.5
  • 65
    • 0026684060 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous measurements of cardiac noradrenaline spillover and sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle in humans
    • 65 Wallin BG, Esler MD, Dorward P, Eisenhofer G, Ferrier C, Westorman R, et al. Simultaneous measurements of cardiac noradrenaline spillover and sympathetic outflow to skeletal muscle in humans. J Physiol (Lond) 1992; 453:45-58.
    • (1992) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.453 , pp. 45-58
    • Wallin, B.G.1    Esler, M.D.2    Dorward, P.3    Eisenhofer, G.4    Ferrier, C.5    Westorman, R.6
  • 66
    • 0029872269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal noradrenaline spillover correlates with muscle sympathetic activity in humans
    • 66 Wallin BG, Thompson JH, Jennings GL, Esler MD. Renal noradrenaline spillover correlates with muscle sympathetic activity in humans. J Physiol (Lond) 1996; 491:881-887.
    • (1996) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.491 , pp. 881-887
    • Wallin, B.G.1    Thompson, J.H.2    Jennings, G.L.3    Esler, M.D.4
  • 67
    • 0028610477 scopus 로고
    • The discharge behaviour of single vasoconstrictor motor neurones in human muscle nerves
    • 67 Macefield VG, Wallin BG, Vallbo AB. The discharge behaviour of single vasoconstrictor motor neurones in human muscle nerves. J Physiol (Lond) 1994; 481:799-809.
    • (1994) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.481 , pp. 799-809
    • Macefield, V.G.1    Wallin, B.G.2    Vallbo, A.B.3
  • 68
    • 0031981490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic nerve discharge in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy-induced hypertension
    • 68 Greenwood JP, Stoker JB, Walker JJ, Mary DA. Sympathetic nerve discharge in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy-induced hypertension. J Hypertens 1998; 16:617-624.
    • (1998) J Hypertens , vol.16 , pp. 617-624
    • Greenwood, J.P.1    Stoker, J.B.2    Walker, J.J.3    Mary, D.A.4
  • 69
    • 85084958816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral sympathetic neural discharge from recordings of single unit activity in patients with established hypertension
    • 69 Greenwood JP, Stoker JB, Mary DASG. Peripheral sympathetic neural discharge from recordings of single unit activity in patients with established hypertension [Abstract]. J Hypertens 1998; 16 (Suppl. 2):S33.
    • (1998) J Hypertens , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Greenwood, J.P.1    Stoker, J.B.2    Mary, D.A.S.G.3
  • 70
    • 0002862510 scopus 로고
    • The output of sympathetic transmitter from the spleen of the cat
    • 70 Brown GL, Gillespie JS. The output of sympathetic transmitter from the spleen of the cat. J Physiol (Lond) 1957; 138:81-102.
    • (1957) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.138 , pp. 81-102
    • Brown, G.L.1    Gillespie, J.S.2
  • 71
    • 0013577952 scopus 로고
    • Renal extraction of endogenous and radiolabelled catecholamines in the dog
    • 71 Bradley T, Hjemdahl P. Renal extraction of endogenous and radiolabelled catecholamines in the dog. Acta Physiol Scand 1986; 122:369-379.
    • (1986) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.122 , pp. 369-379
    • Bradley, T.1    Hjemdahl, P.2
  • 72
    • 0018576307 scopus 로고
    • Determination of norepinephrine apparent release rate and clearance in humans
    • 72 Esler M, Jackman G, Bobik A, Kelleher D, Jennings G, Leonard P, et al. Determination of norepinephrine apparent release rate and clearance in humans. Life Sci 1979; 25:1461-1470.
    • (1979) Life Sci , vol.25 , pp. 1461-1470
    • Esler, M.1    Jackman, G.2    Bobik, A.3    Kelleher, D.4    Jennings, G.5    Leonard, P.6
  • 74
    • 0024355528 scopus 로고
    • Plasma norepinephrine in humans: Limitations in assessment of whole body norepinephrine kinetics and plasma clearanco
    • 74 Henriksen JH, Christensen NJ. Plasma norepinephrine in humans: limitations in assessment of whole body norepinephrine kinetics and plasma clearanco. Am J Physiol 1989; 257:E743-E750.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol , vol.257
    • Henriksen, J.H.1    Christensen, N.J.2
  • 75
    • 0026049365 scopus 로고
    • Neuronal uptake, metabolism, and release of tritium-labeled norepinephrine during assessment of it plasma kinetics
    • 75 Eisenhofer G, Esler M, Goldstein DS, Kopin IJ. Neuronal uptake, metabolism, and release of tritium-labeled norepinephrine during assessment of it plasma kinetics. Am J Physiol 1991; 261:E505-E515.
    • (1991) Am J Physiol , vol.261
    • Eisenhofer, G.1    Esler, M.2    Goldstein, D.S.3    Kopin, I.J.4
  • 76
  • 77
    • 0023176526 scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake of circulating norepinephrine in the forearm
    • 77 Chang PG, Krogt JA, Van Brummelen P. Demonstration of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake of circulating norepinephrine in the forearm. Hypertension 1987; 9:647-653.
    • (1987) Hypertension , vol.9 , pp. 647-653
    • Chang, P.G.1    Krogt, J.A.2    Van Brummelen, P.3
  • 78
    • 17744411500 scopus 로고
    • Effect of β-adrenergic blockade on in vivo norepinephrine release in canine heart
    • 78 Cousineau D, Goresky CA, Bach GC, Rose CP. Effect of β-adrenergic blockade on in vivo norepinephrine release in canine heart. Am J Physiol 1984; 246:H283-H292.
    • (1984) Am J Physiol , vol.246
    • Cousineau, D.1    Goresky, C.A.2    Bach, G.C.3    Rose, C.P.4
  • 80
    • 0025783230 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain
    • 80 Malliani A, Pagani M, Lombardi F, Cerutti S. cardiovascular neural regulation explored in the frequency domain. Circulation 1991; 84:482-492.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 482-492
    • Malliani, A.1    Pagani, M.2    Lombardi, F.3    Cerutti, S.4
  • 81
    • 0028236324 scopus 로고
    • Heart rate spectral analysis, cardiac norepinephrine spillover and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during sympathetic nervous activation and failure
    • 81 Kingwell BA, Thompson JM, Kaye DM, McPherson GA, Jennings GL, Esler MD. heart rate spectral analysis, cardiac norepinephrine spillover and muscle sympathetic nerve activity during sympathetic nervous activation and failure. Circulation 1994; 90:234-240.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 234-240
    • Kingwell, B.A.1    Thompson, J.M.2    Kaye, D.M.3    McPherson, G.A.4    Jennings, G.L.5    Esler, M.D.6
  • 82
    • 0018257366 scopus 로고
    • Plasma catecholamine levels in the coronary sinus, the left renal vein and peripheral vessels in healthy males at rest and during exercise
    • 82 Manhem P, Lacerof H, Hokfert B. Plasma catecholamine levels in the coronary sinus, the left renal vein and peripheral vessels in healthy males at rest and during exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 1978; 104:364-369.
    • (1978) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.104 , pp. 364-369
    • Manhem, P.1    Lacerof, H.2    Hokfert, B.3
  • 83
    • 0023803189 scopus 로고
    • Norepinephrine spillover to plasma during steady-state supine bicycle exercise. Comparison of patients with congestive heart failure and normal subjects
    • 83 Hasking GL, Esler MD, Jennings GL, Dewar E, Lambert G. Norepinephrine spillover to plasma during steady-state supine bicycle exercise. Comparison of patients with congestive heart failure and normal subjects. Circulation 1988; 78:516-521.
    • (1988) Circulation , vol.78 , pp. 516-521
    • Hasking, G.L.1    Esler, M.D.2    Jennings, G.L.3    Dewar, E.4    Lambert, G.5
  • 84
    • 0024376568 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic nerve activity related to local fatigue sensation during static contraction
    • 84 Saito M, Mano T, Iwase S. Sympathetic nerve activity related to local fatigue sensation during static contraction. J Appl Physiol 1989; 67:980-984.
    • (1989) J Appl Physiol , vol.67 , pp. 980-984
    • Saito, M.1    Mano, T.2    Iwase, S.3
  • 85
    • 0024792676 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of overall and cardiac norepinephrine release into plasma during cognitive challenge
    • 85 Esler MD, Jennings G, Lambert G. Measurement of overall and cardiac norepinephrine release into plasma during cognitive challenge. Psychoneurology 1989; 14:477-481.
    • (1989) Psychoneurology , vol.14 , pp. 477-481
    • Esler, M.D.1    Jennings, G.2    Lambert, G.3
  • 87
    • 0023157390 scopus 로고
    • Differential control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity during dynamic exercise
    • 87 Victor RG, Seals DR, Mark AL. Differential control of heart rate and sympathetic nerve activity during dynamic exercise. J Clin Invest 1987; 79:508-516.
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.79 , pp. 508-516
    • Victor, R.G.1    Seals, D.R.2    Mark, A.L.3
  • 88
    • 0022359171 scopus 로고
    • Microneurographic studies of the mechanisms of sympathetic nerve response to static exercise in humans
    • 88 Mark AL, Victor RG, Nerhed C, Wallin BG. Microneurographic studies of the mechanisms of sympathetic nerve response to static exercise in humans. Circ Res 1985; 57:461-469.
    • (1985) Circ Res , vol.57 , pp. 461-469
    • Mark, A.L.1    Victor, R.G.2    Nerhed, C.3    Wallin, B.G.4
  • 89
    • 0020361747 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic outflow to muscles during vasovagal syncope
    • 89 Wallin BG, Sundlof G. Sympathetic outflow to muscles during vasovagal syncope. J Auton Nerv Syst 1982; 6:287-291.
    • (1982) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.6 , pp. 287-291
    • Wallin, B.G.1    Sundlof, G.2
  • 91
    • 0001146111 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of heart rate spectral analysis with cardiac noradrenaline spillover and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in human subjects
    • Di Rienzo M, Mancia G, Parati G, Pedotti A, Zanchetti A (editors) Amsterdam: IOS Press
    • 91 Kingwell BA, Thompson JM, McPherson GA, Kaye DM, Jennings GL, Esler MD. Comparison of heart rate spectral analysis with cardiac noradrenaline spillover and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in human subjects. In: Di Rienzo M, Mancia G, Parati G, Pedotti A, Zanchetti A (editors): Computer analysis of cardiovascular signals. Amsterdam: IOS Press; 1995, pp. 167-176.
    • (1995) Computer Analysis of Cardiovascular Signals , pp. 167-176
    • Kingwell, B.A.1    Thompson, J.M.2    McPherson, G.A.3    Kaye, D.M.4    Jennings, G.L.5    Esler, M.D.6
  • 92
    • 36549050890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of stroop color-word conflict test on the autonomic nervous system responses
    • 92 Hoshikawa Y, Yamamoto Y. Effects of stroop color-word conflict test on the autonomic nervous system responses. Am J Physiol 1997; 272:H1113-H1121.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.272
    • Hoshikawa, Y.1    Yamamoto, Y.2
  • 93
    • 0025796577 scopus 로고
    • Sympathovagal interaction during mental stress: A study using spectral analysis of heart rate variability in healthy control subjects and patients with a prior myocardial infarction
    • 93 Pagani M, Mazzuero G, Ferrari A, Liberati D, Cerutti S, Vaitl D, et al. Sympathovagal interaction during mental stress: a study using spectral analysis of heart rate variability in healthy control subjects and patients with a prior myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993; 83 (Suppl. II):43-51.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.83 , Issue.SUPPL. II , pp. 43-51
    • Pagani, M.1    Mazzuero, G.2    Ferrari, A.3    Liberati, D.4    Cerutti, S.5    Vaitl, D.6
  • 94
    • 0027389076 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system responses to mixed meal ingestion in healthy young and old subjects and dysautonomic patients with postprandial hypotension
    • 94 Lipsitz LA, Ryan SM, Parker JA, Freeman R, Wei JY, Goldberger AL. Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system responses to mixed meal ingestion in healthy young and old subjects and dysautonomic patients with postprandial hypotension. Circulation 1993; 87:391-400.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.87 , pp. 391-400
    • Lipsitz, L.A.1    Ryan, S.M.2    Parker, J.A.3    Freeman, R.4    Wei, J.Y.5    Goldberger, A.L.6
  • 95
    • 0029655705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability during upright tilt test: A comparison of patients with syncope and normal subjects
    • 95 Boulos M, Barron S, Nicolski E, Markiewicz W. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability during upright tilt test: a comparison of patients with syncope and normal subjects. Cardiology 1996; 87:28-32.
    • (1996) Cardiology , vol.87 , pp. 28-32
    • Boulos, M.1    Barron, S.2    Nicolski, E.3    Markiewicz, W.4
  • 96
    • 0028890377 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aging on the responsiveness of the human cardiac sympathetic nerves to stressors
    • 96 Esler MD, Thompson JM, Kaye DM, Turner AG, Jennings GL, Cox HS, et al. Effects of aging on the responsiveness of the human cardiac sympathetic nerves to stressors. Circulation 1995; 91:351-358.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.91 , pp. 351-358
    • Esler, M.D.1    Thompson, J.M.2    Kaye, D.M.3    Turner, A.G.4    Jennings, G.L.5    Cox, H.S.6
  • 97
    • 0026575927 scopus 로고
    • Increased sympathetic nervous activity and effects of its pharmacological inhibition in alcoholic cirrhosis
    • 97 Esler M, Dudley F, Jennings G, Debinski H, Lambert G, Jones P, et al. Increased sympathetic nervous activity and effects of its pharmacological inhibition in alcoholic cirrhosis. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:446-455.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.116 , pp. 446-455
    • Esler, M.1    Dudley, F.2    Jennings, G.3    Debinski, H.4    Lambert, G.5    Jones, P.6
  • 98
    • 0024390380 scopus 로고
    • Regional norepinephrine turnover in essential hypertension
    • 98 Esler M, Lambert G, Jennings G. Regional norepinephrine turnover in essential hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 1989; 11 (Suppl. 1):75-89.
    • (1989) Clin Exp Hypertens , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 75-89
    • Esler, M.1    Lambert, G.2    Jennings, G.3
  • 99
    • 0027394547 scopus 로고
    • Age and gender influence muscle sympathetic nerve activity at rest in healthy humans
    • 99 Ng AV, Callister R, Johnson DG, Seals DR. Age and gender influence muscle sympathetic nerve activity at rest in healthy humans. Hypertension 1993; 21:498-503.
    • (1993) Hypertension , vol.21 , pp. 498-503
    • Ng, A.V.1    Callister, R.2    Johnson, D.G.3    Seals, D.R.4
  • 100
    • 0031769240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity is attenuated in the elderly
    • 100 Matsukawa T, Sugiyama Y, Watanabe T, Kobayashi F, Mano T. Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity is attenuated in the elderly. J Auton Nerv Syst 1998; 73:182-185.
    • (1998) J Auton Nerv Syst , vol.73 , pp. 182-185
    • Matsukawa, T.1    Sugiyama, Y.2    Watanabe, T.3    Kobayashi, F.4    Mano, T.5
  • 101
    • 0022591615 scopus 로고
    • Direct evidence from intraneural recordings for increased central sympathetic outflow in patients with heart failure
    • 101 Leimbach WN, Wallin BG, Victor RG, Aylward PE, Sundlof G, Mark AL. Direct evidence from intraneural recordings for increased central sympathetic outflow in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1986; 73:913-919.
    • (1986) Circulation , vol.73 , pp. 913-919
    • Leimbach, W.N.1    Wallin, B.G.2    Victor, R.G.3    Aylward, P.E.4    Sundlof, G.5    Mark, A.L.6
  • 102
    • 0024318279 scopus 로고
    • Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertensive humans: Evidence from direct intraneural recordings
    • 102 Anderson EA, Sinkey CA, Lawton WJ, Mark AL. Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertensive humans: evidence from direct intraneural recordings. Hypertension 1989; 14:177-183.
    • (1989) Hypertension , vol.14 , pp. 177-183
    • Anderson, E.A.1    Sinkey, C.A.2    Lawton, W.J.3    Mark, A.L.4
  • 103
    • 0025039885 scopus 로고
    • Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertension
    • 103 Rea R, Hamdan M. Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertension. Circulation 1990; 82:856-862.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 856-862
    • Rea, R.1    Hamdan, M.2
  • 104
    • 0027313055 scopus 로고
    • Sympathoneural and haemodynamic characteristics of young subjects with mild essential hypertension
    • 104 Floras JS, Hara K. Sympathoneural and haemodynamic characteristics of young subjects with mild essential hypertension. J Hypertens 1993; 11:647-655.
    • (1993) J Hypertens , vol.11 , pp. 647-655
    • Floras, J.S.1    Hara, K.2
  • 105
    • 0027171898 scopus 로고
    • Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in patients with accelerated essential hypertension
    • 105 Matsukawa T, Mano T, Gotoh E, Ishii M. Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in patients with accelerated essential hypertension. J Clin Invest 1993; 92:25-28.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 25-28
    • Matsukawa, T.1    Mano, T.2    Gotoh, E.3    Ishii, M.4
  • 106
    • 0031915176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in essential and secondary hypertension
    • 106 Grassi G, Cattanco BM, Seravalle G, Lanfranchi A, Mancia G. Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in essential and secondary hypertension. Hypertension 1998; 31:68-72.
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.31 , pp. 68-72
    • Grassi, G.1    Cattanco, B.M.2    Seravalle, G.3    Lanfranchi, A.4    Mancia, G.5
  • 107
    • 0024382241 scopus 로고
    • Age-related changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension
    • 107 Yamada Y, Miyajima E, Tochikubo O, Matsukawa AT, Ishii M. Age-related changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension. Hypertension 1989; 13:870-877.
    • (1989) Hypertension , vol.13 , pp. 870-877
    • Yamada, Y.1    Miyajima, E.2    Tochikubo, O.3    Matsukawa, A.T.4    Ishii, M.5
  • 108
    • 84934177971 scopus 로고
    • Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympathovagal interaction in man and conscious dog
    • 108 Pagani M, Lombardi F, Guzzetti S, Rimoldi O, Furlan R, Pizzinelli P, et al. Power spectral analysis of heart rate and arterial pressure variabilities as a marker of sympathovagal interaction in man and conscious dog. Circ Res 1986; 59:178-193.
    • (1986) Circ Res , vol.59 , pp. 178-193
    • Pagani, M.1    Lombardi, F.2    Guzzetti, S.3    Rimoldi, O.4    Furlan, R.5    Pizzinelli, P.6
  • 109
    • 0023910101 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of autonomic regulation in chronic congestive heart failure by heart rate spectral analysis
    • 109 Saul JP, Arai Y, Berger RD, Lilly LS, Colucci WS, Cohen RJ. Assessment of autonomic regulation in chronic congestive heart failure by heart rate spectral analysis. Am J Cardiol 1988; 61:1292-1299.
    • (1988) Am J Cardiol , vol.61 , pp. 1292-1299
    • Saul, J.P.1    Arai, Y.2    Berger, R.D.3    Lilly, L.S.4    Colucci, W.S.5    Cohen, R.J.6
  • 110
    • 0030795787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency domain characteristics of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure and healthy humans
    • 110 Ando SI, Dajani HR, Floras JS. Frequency domain characteristics of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in heart failure and healthy humans. Am J Physiol 1997; 273:R205-R212.
    • (1997) Am J Physiol , vol.273
    • Ando, S.I.1    Dajani, H.R.2    Floras, J.S.3
  • 111
    • 0030934420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of low-frequency variability of sympathetic nerve activity in severe heart failure
    • 111 Van de Borne P, Montano N, Pagani M, Oren R, Somers VK. Absence of low-frequency variability of sympathetic nerve activity in severe heart failure. Circulation 1997; 95:1449-1454.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 1449-1454
    • Van De Borne, P.1    Montano, N.2    Pagani, M.3    Oren, R.4    Somers, V.K.5
  • 112
    • 16044365884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired cardiovascular autonomic response to passive tilting in cirrhosis with ascites
    • 112 Laffi G, Lagi A, Cipriani M, Barletta G, Bernardi L, Fattorini L, et al. Impaired cardiovascular autonomic response to passive tilting in cirrhosis with ascites. Hepatology 1996; 24:1063-1067.
    • (1996) Hepatology , vol.24 , pp. 1063-1067
    • Laffi, G.1    Lagi, A.2    Cipriani, M.3    Barletta, G.4    Bernardi, L.5    Fattorini, L.6
  • 113
    • 0023718570 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetic predominance in essential hypertension: A study employing spectral analysis of heart rate variability
    • 113 Guzzetti S, Piccaluga E, Casati R, Cerutti S, Lombardi F, Pagani M, et al. Sympathetic predominance in essential hypertension: a study employing spectral analysis of heart rate variability. J Hypertens 1988; 6:711-717.
    • (1988) J Hypertens , vol.6 , pp. 711-717
    • Guzzetti, S.1    Piccaluga, E.2    Casati, R.3    Cerutti, S.4    Lombardi, F.5    Pagani, M.6
  • 114
    • 0030003438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power spectral analysis of spontaneous blood pressure and heart rate variability in the elderly hypertensives
    • 114 Aono T, Sato T, Nishinaga M, Kawamoto A, Ozawa T. Power spectral analysis of spontaneous blood pressure and heart rate variability in the elderly hypertensives. Hypertens Res 1996; 19:9-16.
    • (1996) Hypertens Res , vol.19 , pp. 9-16
    • Aono, T.1    Sato, T.2    Nishinaga, M.3    Kawamoto, A.4    Ozawa, T.5
  • 115
    • 0029822740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic nervous function in essential hypertension in the elderly. Evaluation by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability
    • 115 Kohara K, Igase M, Maguchi M, Fukuoka T, Kitami Y, Hiwada K. Autonomic nervous function in essential hypertension in the elderly. Evaluation by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Am J Hypertens 1996; 9:1084-1089.
    • (1996) Am J Hypertens , vol.9 , pp. 1084-1089
    • Kohara, K.1    Igase, M.2    Maguchi, M.3    Fukuoka, T.4    Kitami, Y.5    Hiwada, K.6
  • 116
    • 0028117034 scopus 로고
    • Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance during graded orthostatic tilt
    • 116 Montano N, Gnecchi Ruscone T, Porta A, Lombardi F, Pagani M, Malliani A. Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability to assess the changes in sympathovagal balance during graded orthostatic tilt. Circulation 1994; 90:1826-1831.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1826-1831
    • Montano, N.1    Gnecchi Ruscone, T.2    Porta, A.3    Lombardi, F.4    Pagani, M.5    Malliani, A.6
  • 117
    • 0029004874 scopus 로고
    • Spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart failure variability in evaluating cardiovascular regulation
    • 117 Parati G, Saul JP, Di Rienzo M, Mancia G. Spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart failure variability in evaluating cardiovascular regulation. Hypertension 1995; 25:1276-1286.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.25 , pp. 1276-1286
    • Parati, G.1    Saul, J.P.2    Di Rienzo, M.3    Mancia, G.4
  • 119
    • 0030666517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spectral balance: A critical appraisal
    • 119 Eckberg DL. Spectral balance: a critical appraisal. Circulation 1997; 96:3224-3232.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 3224-3232
    • Eckberg, D.L.1
  • 120
    • 0029928495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate variability
    • 120 Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Heart rate variability. Circulation 1996; 93:1043-1065.
    • (1996) Circulation , vol.93 , pp. 1043-1065
  • 121
    • 0002085375 scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of catecholaminergic function
    • Goldstein DS (editor) New York: Oxford University Press
    • 121 Goldstein DS. Clinical assessment of catecholaminergic function. In: Goldstein DS (editor): Stress, catecholamines and cardiovascular disease. New York: Oxford University Press; 1995, pp. 234-286.
    • (1995) Stress, Catecholamines and Cardiovascular Disease , pp. 234-286
    • Goldstein, D.S.1
  • 122
    • 0025236584 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic imaging of cardiac sympathetic innervation and function
    • 122 Goldstein DS, Chang PC, Eisenhofer G, Miletich R, Finn R, Bacher J. Positron emission tomographic imaging of cardiac sympathetic innervation and function. Circulation 1990; 81:1606-1621.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.81 , pp. 1606-1621
    • Goldstein, D.S.1    Chang, P.C.2    Eisenhofer, G.3    Miletich, R.4    Finn, R.5    Bacher, J.6
  • 126
    • 0027291645 scopus 로고
    • Carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine with positron emission tomography for serial assessment of cardiac adrenergic neuronal function after acute myocardial infarction in humans
    • 126 Allman KC, Wieland DM, Muzik O, Degrado TR, Wolfe ER, Schwaiger M. Carbon-11 hydroxyephedrine with positron emission tomography for serial assessment of cardiac adrenergic neuronal function after acute myocardial infarction in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22:368-375.
    • (1993) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.22 , pp. 368-375
    • Allman, K.C.1    Wieland, D.M.2    Muzik, O.3    Degrado, T.R.4    Wolfe, E.R.5    Schwaiger, M.6
  • 127
  • 129
    • 0024438317 scopus 로고
    • Renal response to mental stress and epinephrine in humans
    • 129 Tidgren B, Hjemdahl P. Renal response to mental stress and epinephrine in humans. Am J Physiol 1989; 257:F682-F689.
    • (1989) Am J Physiol , vol.257
    • Tidgren, B.1    Hjemdahl, P.2
  • 130
    • 0020958263 scopus 로고
    • Differentiated sympathetic activation during mental stress evoked by the Stroop-test
    • 130 Hjemdahl P, Freyschuss U, Juhlin-Dannfeldt J, Linde B. Differentiated sympathetic activation during mental stress evoked by the Stroop-test. Acta Physiol Scand 1984; 121 (Suppl. 527):25-29.
    • (1984) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.121 , Issue.SUPPL. 527 , pp. 25-29
    • Hjemdahl, P.1    Freyschuss, U.2    Juhlin-Dannfeldt, J.3    Linde, B.4
  • 132
    • 0028301131 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms responsible for sympathetic activation by cigarette smoking in humans
    • 132 Grassi G, Seravalle G, Calhoun DA, Bolla GB, Mancia G. Mechanisms responsible for sympathetic activation by cigarette smoking in humans. Circulation 1994; 90:248-253.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 248-253
    • Grassi, G.1    Seravalle, G.2    Calhoun, D.A.3    Bolla, G.B.4    Mancia, G.5
  • 134
    • 0013582471 scopus 로고
    • Responses of the human sympathetic nervous system to stressors
    • Shepherd KE, Boublik JH, Funder JW (editors) ARES Symposium Publication No. 86. New York: Raven Press
    • 134 Esler MD, Meredith I. Responses of the human sympathetic nervous system to stressors. In: Shepherd KE, Boublik JH, Funder JW (editors): Stress and reproduction. ARES Symposium Publication No. 86. New York: Raven Press; 1992, pp. 19-30.
    • (1992) Stress and Reproduction , pp. 19-30
    • Esler, M.D.1    Meredith, I.2
  • 135
    • 0024318279 scopus 로고
    • Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertensive humans
    • 135 Anderson EA, Sinkey CA, Lawton WJ, Mark AL. Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertensive humans. Hypertension 1989; 14:177-183.
    • (1989) Hypertension , vol.14 , pp. 177-183
    • Anderson, E.A.1    Sinkey, C.A.2    Lawton, W.J.3    Mark, A.L.4
  • 137
    • 0025297684 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for increased renal norepinephrine overflow during sodium restriction in humans
    • 137 Friberg P, Mereredith I, Jennings G, Lambert G, Fazio V, Esler M. Evidence for increased renal norepinephrine overflow during sodium restriction in humans. Hypertension 1990; 16:121-130.
    • (1990) Hypertension , vol.16 , pp. 121-130
    • Friberg, P.1    Mereredith, I.2    Jennings, G.3    Lambert, G.4    Fazio, V.5    Esler, M.6
  • 138
    • 0022617458 scopus 로고
    • Central haemodynamics, baroreceptor sensitivity and alpha-1 adrenoreceptor-mediated vascular reactivity during weight-stable sodium restriction in obese men with hypertension
    • 138 Andersson O, Persson B, Hedner T, Aurell M, Berglund G, Faberger B. Central haemodynamics, baroreceptor sensitivity and alpha-1 adrenoreceptor-mediated vascular reactivity during weight-stable sodium restriction in obese men with hypertension. J Hypertens 1986; 4:101-107.
    • (1986) J Hypertens , vol.4 , pp. 101-107
    • Andersson, O.1    Persson, B.2    Hedner, T.3    Aurell, M.4    Berglund, G.5    Faberger, B.6
  • 140
    • 0028097912 scopus 로고
    • Increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans after food intake
    • 140 Fagius J, Beme C. Increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans after food intake. Clin Sci 1994; 86:159-167.
    • (1994) Clin Sci , vol.86 , pp. 159-167
    • Fagius, J.1    Beme, C.2
  • 142
    • 0019388165 scopus 로고
    • Thermic effect of feeding in man: Increased plasma norepinephrine levels following glucose but not protein or fat consumption
    • 142 Welle S, Liavivat U, Campbell RG. Thermic effect of feeding in man: increased plasma norepinephrine levels following glucose but not protein or fat consumption. Metab Clin Exp 1981; 30:953-958.
    • (1981) Metab Clin Exp , vol.30 , pp. 953-958
    • Welle, S.1    Liavivat, U.2    Campbell, R.G.3
  • 143
    • 0026722182 scopus 로고
    • The sympathetic response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. Evidence from microelectrode nerve recordings
    • 143 Berne C, Fagius J, Pollare T, Hjemdahl P. The sympathetic response to euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. Evidence from microelectrode nerve recordings. Diabetologia 1992; 35:873-879.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 873-879
    • Berne, C.1    Fagius, J.2    Pollare, T.3    Hjemdahl, P.4
  • 144
    • 0022897015 scopus 로고
    • Skin nerve sympathetic activity during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia
    • 144 Berne C, Fagius J. Skin nerve sympathetic activity during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia 1986; 29:855-860.
    • (1986) Diabetologia , vol.29 , pp. 855-860
    • Berne, C.1    Fagius, J.2
  • 145
    • 85084947455 scopus 로고
    • In patients with primary hypertension euglycemic hyperinsulinemia clamp does not change total or renal noradrenaline spillover
    • 145 Friberg P, Elam M, Gudjornsdottir S, Lonnroth P, Wallin BG. In patients with primary hypertension euglycemic hyperinsulinemia clamp does not change total or renal noradrenaline spillover [Abstract]. J Hypertens 1994; 12 (Suppl. 3):S186.
    • (1994) J Hypertens , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Friberg, P.1    Elam, M.2    Gudjornsdottir, S.3    Lonnroth, P.4    Wallin, B.G.5
  • 146
  • 147
    • 0030004751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central motor command activates sympathetic outflow to the cutaneous circulation in humans
    • 147 Vissing SF, Hjortso EM. Central motor command activates sympathetic outflow to the cutaneous circulation in humans. J Physiol (Lond) 1996; 492:931-939.
    • (1996) J Physiol (Lond) , vol.492 , pp. 931-939
    • Vissing, S.F.1    Hjortso, E.M.2
  • 148
    • 0023720568 scopus 로고
    • Reflex activation of renal nerves in humans: Differential effects on noradrenaline, dopamine and renin overflow to renal venous plasma
    • 148 Tidgren B, Hjemdahl P. Reflex activation of renal nerves in humans: differential effects on noradrenaline, dopamine and renin overflow to renal venous plasma. Acta Physiol Scand 1988; 134:23-34.
    • (1988) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.134 , pp. 23-34
    • Tidgren, B.1    Hjemdahl, P.2
  • 149
    • 0023090721 scopus 로고
    • Muscle sympathetic activity and venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations during static exercise in normotensive and hypertensive subjects
    • 149 Wallin BG, Morlin C, Hjemdahl P. Muscle sympathetic activity and venous plasma noradrenaline concentrations during static exercise in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Acta Physiol Scand 1987; 129:489-497.
    • (1987) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.129 , pp. 489-497
    • Wallin, B.G.1    Morlin, C.2    Hjemdahl, P.3
  • 150
    • 0025905303 scopus 로고
    • Renal neurohumoral and vascular responses to dynamic exercise in humans
    • 150 Tidgren B, Hjemdahl P, Theodorsson E, Nussberger J. Renal neurohumoral and vascular responses to dynamic exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol 1991; 70:2279-2286.
    • (1991) J Appl Physiol , vol.70 , pp. 2279-2286
    • Tidgren, B.1    Hjemdahl, P.2    Theodorsson, E.3    Nussberger, J.4
  • 152
    • 0028296272 scopus 로고
    • Physical training and baroreceptor control of sympathetic nerve activity in humans
    • 152 Grassi G, Seravalle G, Calhoun DA, Mancia G. Physical training and baroreceptor control of sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Hypertension 1994; 23:294-301.
    • (1994) Hypertension , vol.23 , pp. 294-301
    • Grassi, G.1    Seravalle, G.2    Calhoun, D.A.3    Mancia, G.4
  • 154
    • 0026410492 scopus 로고
    • Effect of energy-restricted diet on sympathetic muscle nerve activity in obese women
    • 154 Andersson B, Elam W, Wallin BG, Bjorntorp P, Andersson OK. Effect of energy-restricted diet on sympathetic muscle nerve activity in obese women. Hypertension 1991; 18:783-789.
    • (1991) Hypertension , vol.18 , pp. 783-789
    • Andersson, B.1    Elam, W.2    Wallin, B.G.3    Bjorntorp, P.4    Andersson, O.K.5
  • 155
    • 0032568488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body weight reduction, sympathetic nerve traffic and arterial baroreflex in obese normotensive humans
    • 155 Grassi G, Seravalle G, Colombo M, Bolla GB, Cattaneo BM, Cavagnini F, et al. Body weight reduction, sympathetic nerve traffic and arterial baroreflex in obese normotensive humans. Circulation 1998; 97:2037-2042.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.97 , pp. 2037-2042
    • Grassi, G.1    Seravalle, G.2    Colombo, M.3    Bolla, G.B.4    Cattaneo, B.M.5    Cavagnini, F.6
  • 156
    • 0031915987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dissociation between muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension, obesity and congestive heart failure
    • 156 Grassi G, Colombo M, Seravalle G, Spaziani D, Mancia G. Dissociation between muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension, obesity and congestive heart failure. Hypertension 1998; 31:64-67.
    • (1998) Hypertension , vol.31 , pp. 64-67
    • Grassi, G.1    Colombo, M.2    Seravalle, G.3    Spaziani, D.4    Mancia, G.5
  • 157
    • 0027947470 scopus 로고
    • Independent control of skin and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure
    • 157 Middlekauff HR, Hamilton MA, Stevenson LW, Mark AL. Independent control of skin and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure. Circulation 1994; 90:1794-1798.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 1794-1798
    • Middlekauff, H.R.1    Hamilton, M.A.2    Stevenson, L.W.3    Mark, A.L.4
  • 158
    • 0028212925 scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical evidence of cardiac sympathetic activation and increased central nervous system norepinephrine turnover in severe congestive heart failure
    • 158 Kaye DM, Lambert GW, Lefkovits J, Morris M, Jennings G, Esler MD. Neurochemical evidence of cardiac sympathetic activation and increased central nervous system norepinephrine turnover in severe congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 23:570-578.
    • (1994) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.23 , pp. 570-578
    • Kaye, D.M.1    Lambert, G.W.2    Lefkovits, J.3    Morris, M.4    Jennings, G.5    Esler, M.D.6
  • 160
    • 0030774228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional sympathetic nervous activity and oxygen consumption in obese normotensive human subjects
    • 160 Vaz M, Jennings G, Turner A, Cox H, Lambert G, Esler MD. Regional sympathetic nervous activity and oxygen consumption in obese normotensive human subjects. Circulation 1997; 96:3423-3429.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 3423-3429
    • Vaz, M.1    Jennings, G.2    Turner, A.3    Cox, H.4    Lambert, G.5    Esler, M.D.6
  • 161
    • 0023914112 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of short-term fasting on blood pressure, circulating noradrenaline and efferent sympathetic nerve activity
    • 161 Andersson B, Wallin G, Hedner T, Ahlberg AC, Andersson OK. Acute effects of short-term fasting on blood pressure, circulating noradrenaline and efferent sympathetic nerve activity. Acta Med Scand 1988; 223:485-490.
    • (1988) Acta Med Scand , vol.223 , pp. 485-490
    • Andersson, B.1    Wallin, G.2    Hedner, T.3    Ahlberg, A.C.4    Andersson, O.K.5
  • 162
    • 0019980092 scopus 로고
    • Noradrenaline turnover during under-and over-eating in normal weight subjects
    • 162 O'Dea K, Esler M, Leonard P, Stockigt J, Nestel P. Noradrenaline turnover during under-and over-eating in normal weight subjects. Metabolism 1982; 31:896-899.
    • (1982) Metabolism , vol.31 , pp. 896-899
    • O'Dea, K.1    Esler, M.2    Leonard, P.3    Stockigt, J.4    Nestel, P.5
  • 163
    • 19244386613 scopus 로고
    • Dissociation of sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medullary responses
    • 163 Young JB, Rosa RM, Landsberg L. Dissociation of sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medullary responses. Am J Physiol 1984; 247;E35-E40.
    • (1984) Am J Physiol , vol.247
    • Young, J.B.1    Rosa, R.M.2    Landsberg, L.3
  • 164
    • 0029162838 scopus 로고
    • Differential actions of desipramine on sympathoadrenal release of noradrenaline and adrenaline
    • 164 Eisenhofer G, Friberg P, Goldstein DS, Esler M. Differential actions of desipramine on sympathoadrenal release of noradrenaline and adrenaline. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1995; 40:263-265.
    • (1995) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.40 , pp. 263-265
    • Eisenhofer, G.1    Friberg, P.2    Goldstein, D.S.3    Esler, M.4
  • 166
    • 0028830617 scopus 로고
    • Effects of aging on epinephrine secretion and regional release of epinephrine from the human heart
    • 166 Esler M, Kaye D, Thompson J, Jennings G, Cox G, Turner A, et al. Effects of aging on epinephrine secretion and regional release of epinephrine from the human heart. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80:435-442.
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 435-442
    • Esler, M.1    Kaye, D.2    Thompson, J.3    Jennings, G.4    Cox, G.5    Turner, A.6
  • 167
    • 0025088737 scopus 로고
    • Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality
    • 167 Swedberg KP, Eneroth J, Kiekshu S, Wilhelmsen L. Hormones regulating cardiovascular function in patients with severe congestive heart failure and their relation to mortality. Circulation 1990; 82:1730-1736.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 1730-1736
    • Swedberg, K.P.1    Eneroth, J.2    Kiekshu, S.3    Wilhelmsen, L.4
  • 169
    • 0028228788 scopus 로고
    • Sympathetics, insulin resistance and coronary risk in hypertension: The 'chicken-and-egg' question
    • 169 Julius S, Jamerson K. Sympathetics, insulin resistance and coronary risk in hypertension: the 'chicken-and-egg' question. J Hypertens 1994; 12:495-502.
    • (1994) J Hypertens , vol.12 , pp. 495-502
    • Julius, S.1    Jamerson, K.2
  • 170
    • 0026635293 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic heart failure
    • 170 Packer M. Treatment of chronic heart failure. Lancet 1992; 340:92-95.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 92-95
    • Packer, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.