메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 860-876

Atopic dermatitis: New insights and opportunities for therapeutic intervention

Author keywords

Allergy; Atopic dermatitis; Hypersensitivity; IgE; Keratinocytes; Skin; Superantigens; T cells

Indexed keywords

ALLERGEN; CHEMOATTRACTANT; CYTOKINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN E; SUPERANTIGEN;

EID: 0034069636     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1067/mai.2000.106484     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (673)

References (148)
  • 1
    • 0002449380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis
    • Freeberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Austen KF, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, et al, cds. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • 1. Leung DYM, Tharp M, Boguniewicz M. Atopic dermatitis. In: Freeberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, Austen KF, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, et al, cds. Dermatology in general medicine. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1998. p1464-80.
    • (1998) Dermatology in General Medicine. 5th Ed. , pp. 1464-1480
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1    Tharp, M.2    Boguniewicz, M.3
  • 2
    • 0032896184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood
    • 2. Williams H, Robertson C, Stewart A, Aït-Khaled N, Anabwani G, Andersen R, et al. Worldwide variations in the prevalence of symptoms of atopic eczema in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:125-38.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 125-138
    • Williams, H.1    Robertson, C.2    Stewart, A.3    Aït-Khaled, N.4    Anabwani, G.5    Andersen, R.6
  • 3
    • 0032868081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis
    • 3. Leung DYM. Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(Suppl):S99-108.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1
  • 4
    • 0032850027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical spectrum of atopic dermatitis
    • 4. Beltrani VS. The clinical spectrum of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(Suppl):S87-98.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Beltrani, V.S.1
  • 5
    • 0032830188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Itching and the atopic skin
    • 5. Koblenzer CS. Itching and the atopic skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(Suppl):S109-13.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Koblenzer, C.S.1
  • 7
    • 0032850685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: Pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management
    • 7. Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. J Allergy Clin Tmmunol 1999;104(Suppl):S114-22.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Sicherer, S.H.1    Sampson, H.A.2
  • 8
    • 0032907666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Administration of acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to atopic eczema patients
    • 8. Rukwied R, Heyer G. Administration of acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to atopic eczema patients. Exp Dermatol 1999;8:39-45.
    • (1999) Exp Dermatol , vol.8 , pp. 39-45
    • Rukwied, R.1    Heyer, G.2
  • 9
    • 0020693480 scopus 로고
    • Local effects of synthetic leukolrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, and LTB4) in human skin
    • 9. Soter NA, Lewis RA, Corey EJ, Austen KF. Local effects of synthetic leukolrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4, and LTB4) in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1983;80:115-9.
    • (1983) J Invest Dermatol , vol.80 , pp. 115-119
    • Soter, N.A.1    Lewis, R.A.2    Corey, E.J.3    Austen, K.F.4
  • 11
    • 0029029941 scopus 로고
    • Itch and inflammation induced by intradermally injected interleukin-2 in atopic dermatitis patients and healthy subjects
    • 11. Wahlgren CF, Tengvall Linder M, Hagermark O, Scheynius A. Itch and inflammation induced by intradermally injected interleukin-2 in atopic dermatitis patients and healthy subjects. Arch Dermatol Res 1995;287:572-80.
    • (1995) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.287 , pp. 572-580
    • Wahlgren, C.F.1    Tengvall Linder, M.2    Hagermark, O.3    Scheynius, A.4
  • 12
    • 0015445043 scopus 로고
    • Experimental itch in human skin elicited by rat mast cell chymase
    • 12. Hagermark O, Rajka G, Bergqvist U. Experimental itch in human skin elicited by rat mast cell chymase. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1972;52:125-8.
    • (1972) Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) , vol.52 , pp. 125-128
    • Hagermark, O.1    Rajka, G.2    Bergqvist, U.3
  • 13
    • 0025910340 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, controlled, crossover study of cyclosporin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis
    • 13. Sowden JM, Berth-Jones J, Ross JS, Motley RJ, Marks R, Finlay AY, et al. Double-blind, controlled, crossover study of cyclosporin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1991;338:137-40.
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.338 , pp. 137-140
    • Sowden, J.M.1    Berth-Jones, J.2    Ross, J.S.3    Motley, R.J.4    Marks, R.5    Finlay, A.Y.6
  • 15
    • 0028032396 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis
    • 15. Nassif A, Chan SC, Storrs FJ, Hanifin JM. Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1994;130:1402-7.
    • (1994) Arch Dermatol , vol.130 , pp. 1402-1407
    • Nassif, A.1    Chan, S.C.2    Storrs, F.J.3    Hanifin, J.M.4
  • 16
    • 0032867098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of stress on atopic dermatitis: Investigation in patients after the great Hanshin earthquake
    • 16. Kodama A, Horikawa T, Suzuki T, Ajiki W, Takashima T, Harada S, et al. Effect of stress on atopic dermatitis: investigation in patients after the great Hanshin earthquake. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:173-6.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 173-176
    • Kodama, A.1    Horikawa, T.2    Suzuki, T.3    Ajiki, W.4    Takashima, T.5    Harada, S.6
  • 17
    • 0032816331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Month of birth and prevalence of atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren: Dry skin in early infancy as a possible etiologic factor
    • 17. Kusunoki T, Asai K, Harazaki M, Korematsu S, Hosoi S. Month of birth and prevalence of atopic dermatitis in schoolchildren: dry skin in early infancy as a possible etiologic factor. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:1148-52.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 1148-1152
    • Kusunoki, T.1    Asai, K.2    Harazaki, M.3    Korematsu, S.4    Hosoi, S.5
  • 19
    • 0032523018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen induces localized allergic dermatitis and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine after single exposure to aerosolized antigen in mice
    • 19. Spergel JM, Mizoguchi E, Brewer JP, Martin TR, Bhan AK, Geha RS. Epicutaneous sensitization with protein antigen induces localized allergic dermatitis and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine after single exposure to aerosolized antigen in mice. J Clin Invest 1998;101:1614-22.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 1614-1622
    • Spergel, J.M.1    Mizoguchi, E.2    Brewer, J.P.3    Martin, T.R.4    Bhan, A.K.5    Geha, R.S.6
  • 20
    • 0033023095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin-associated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with atopic dermatitis: Signs of subset expansion and stimulation
    • 20. Dworzak MN, Froschl G, Printz D, Fleischer C, Potschger U, Fritsch G, et al. Skin-associated lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with atopic dermatitis: signs of subset expansion and stimulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:901-6.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 901-906
    • Dworzak, M.N.1    Froschl, G.2    Printz, D.3    Fleischer, C.4    Potschger, U.5    Fritsch, G.6
  • 21
    • 0032865996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated serum L-selectin levels and abnormal regulation of L-selectin expression on leukocytes in atopic dermatitis: Soluble L-selectin levels indicate disease severity
    • 21. Shimada Y, Sato S, Hasegawa M, Tedder TF, Takehara K. Elevated serum L-selectin levels and abnormal regulation of L-selectin expression on leukocytes in atopic dermatitis: soluble L-selectin levels indicate disease severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:163-8.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 163-168
    • Shimada, Y.1    Sato, S.2    Hasegawa, M.3    Tedder, T.F.4    Takehara, K.5
  • 22
    • 0029099089 scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis: The skin as a window into the pathogenesis of chronic allergic diseases
    • 22. Leung DYM. Atopic dermatitis: the skin as a window into the pathogenesis of chronic allergic diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:302-19.
    • (1995) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.96 , pp. 302-319
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1
  • 23
    • 0031784820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique profile of Il-4 and IFN-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear ceils in infants with atopic dermatitis
    • 23. Kimura M, Tsuruta S, Yoshida T. Unique profile of IL-4 and IFN-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear ceils in infants with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:238-44.
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 238-244
    • Kimura, M.1    Tsuruta, S.2    Yoshida, T.3
  • 24
    • 0031890102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of house dust mite-specific lymphocyte proliferation with IL-5 production, eosinophilia, and the severity of symptoms in infants with atopic dermatitis
    • 24. Kimura M, Tsuruta S, Yoshida T. Correlation of house dust mite-specific lymphocyte proliferation with IL-5 production, eosinophilia, and the severity of symptoms in infants with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:84-9.
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.101 , pp. 84-89
    • Kimura, M.1    Tsuruta, S.2    Yoshida, T.3
  • 25
    • 0032872026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by PBMCs of atopic dermatitis
    • 25. Shimizu T, Abe R, Ohkawara A, Nishihira J. Increased production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor by PBMCs of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:659-64.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 659-664
    • Shimizu, T.1    Abe, R.2    Ohkawara, A.3    Nishihira, J.4
  • 26
    • 0028897227 scopus 로고
    • GM-CSF inhibition of monocyte apoptosis contributes to the chronic monocyte activation in atopic dermatitis
    • 26. Bratton DL, Hamid Q, Boguniewicz M, Doherty DE, Kailey JM, Leung DYM. GM-CSF inhibition of monocyte apoptosis contributes to the chronic monocyte activation in atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 1995;95:211-8.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 211-218
    • Bratton, D.L.1    Hamid, Q.2    Boguniewicz, M.3    Doherty, D.E.4    Kailey, J.M.5    Leung, D.Y.M.6
  • 27
    • 0032699213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgE in asthma and atopy: Cellular and molecular connections
    • 27. Oettgen HC, Geha RS. IgE in asthma and atopy: cellular and molecular connections. J Clin Invest 1999;104:829-35.
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.104 , pp. 829-835
    • Oettgen, H.C.1    Geha, R.S.2
  • 29
    • 0030001675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis
    • 29. Butcher EC, Picker LJ. Lymphocyte homing and homeostasis. Science 1996;272:60-6.
    • (1996) Science , vol.272 , pp. 60-66
    • Butcher, E.C.1    Picker, L.J.2
  • 30
    • 0028307598 scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of lymphocyte homing receptors by human memory/effector T cells in pulmonary versus cutaneous immune effector sites
    • 30. Picker LJ, Martin RJ, Trumble A, Newman LS, Collins PA, Bergstresser PR, et al. Differential expression of lymphocyte homing receptors by human memory/effector T cells in pulmonary versus cutaneous immune effector sites. Eur J Immunol 1994;24:1269-77.
    • (1994) Eur J Immunol , vol.24 , pp. 1269-1277
    • Picker, L.J.1    Martin, R.J.2    Trumble, A.3    Newman, L.S.4    Collins, P.A.5    Bergstresser, P.R.6
  • 31
    • 0028965834 scopus 로고
    • Circulating allergen-reactive T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis express the skin-selective homing receptor, the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen
    • 31. Santamaria Babi LF, Picker LJ, Perez Soler MT, Drzimalla K, Flohr P, Blaser K, et al. Circulating allergen-reactive T cells from patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis express the skin-selective homing receptor, the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen. J Exp Med 1995;181:1935-40.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.181 , pp. 1935-1940
    • Santamaria Babi, L.F.1    Picker, L.J.2    Perez Soler, M.T.3    Drzimalla, K.4    Flohr, P.5    Blaser, K.6
  • 32
    • 0031278414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin-homing, CLA+ memory T cells are activated in atopic dermatitis and regulate IgE by an IL-13-dominated cytokine pattern: IgG4 counter-regulation by CLA-memory T cells
    • 32. Akdis M, Akdis CA, Weigl L, Disch R, Blaser K. Skin-homing, CLA+ memory T cells are activated in atopic dermatitis and regulate IgE by an IL-13-dominated cytokine pattern: IgG4 counter-regulation by CLA-memory T cells. J Immunol 1997;159:4611-9.
    • (1997) J Immunol , vol.159 , pp. 4611-4619
    • Akdis, M.1    Akdis, C.A.2    Weigl, L.3    Disch, R.4    Blaser, K.5
  • 33
    • 0033168615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin homing (cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive) CD8+ T cells respond to superantigen and contribute to eosinophilia and IgE production in atopic dermatitis
    • 33. Akdis M, Simon HU, Weigl L, Kreyden O, Blaser K, Akdis CA. Skin homing (cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen-positive) CD8+ T cells respond to superantigen and contribute to eosinophilia and IgE production in atopic dermatitis. J Immunol 1999;163:466-75.
    • (1999) J Immunol , vol.163 , pp. 466-475
    • Akdis, M.1    Simon, H.U.2    Weigl, L.3    Kreyden, O.4    Blaser, K.5    Akdis, C.A.6
  • 34
    • 0020682159 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in atopic dermatitis using monoclonal antibodies
    • 34. Leung DYM, Bhan AK, Schneeberger EE, Geha RS. Characterization of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in atopic dermatitis using monoclonal antibodies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1983;71:47-56.
    • (1983) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.71 , pp. 47-56
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1    Bhan, A.K.2    Schneeberger, E.E.3    Geha, R.S.4
  • 35
    • 0023096674 scopus 로고
    • The presence of IgE on macrophages and dendritic cells infiltrating into the skin lesion of atopic dermatitis
    • 35. Leung DYM, Schneeberger EE, Siraganian RP, Geha RS, Bhan AK. The presence of IgE on macrophages and dendritic cells infiltrating into the skin lesion of atopic dermatitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1987;42:328-37.
    • (1987) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.42 , pp. 328-337
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1    Schneeberger, E.E.2    Siraganian, R.P.3    Geha, R.S.4    Bhan, A.K.5
  • 38
    • 0034049677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of eosinophil-associated inflammation
    • 38. Gleich GJ, Leiferman KM. Mechanisms of eosinophil-associated inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:651-63.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 651-663
    • Gleich, G.J.1    Leiferman, K.M.2
  • 39
    • 0033955962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary eosinophil protein X and serum eosinophil cationic protein in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis: Correlation with disease activity
    • 39. Pucci N, Lombardi E, Novembre E, Farina S, Bernardini R, Rossi E, et al. Urinary eosinophil protein X and serum eosinophil cationic protein in infants and young children with atopic dermatitis: correlation with disease activity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:353-7.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 353-357
    • Pucci, N.1    Lombardi, E.2    Novembre, E.3    Farina, S.4    Bernardini, R.5    Rossi, E.6
  • 40
    • 0028015581 scopus 로고
    • Differential in situ cytokine gene expression in acute vs chronic atopic dermatitis
    • 40. Hamid Q, Boguniewicz M, Leung DYM. Differential in situ cytokine gene expression in acute vs chronic atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 1994;94:870-6.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 870-876
    • Hamid, Q.1    Boguniewicz, M.2    Leung, D.Y.M.3
  • 44
    • 0033560178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roles of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in a murine model of allergic dermatitis
    • 44. Spergel JM, Mizoguchi E, Oettgen H, Bhan AK, Geha RS. Roles of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in a murine model of allergic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 1999;103:1103-11.
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.103 , pp. 1103-1111
    • Spergel, J.M.1    Mizoguchi, E.2    Oettgen, H.3    Bhan, A.K.4    Geha, R.S.5
  • 45
    • 0031768650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration with increased IL-16 gene expression in atopic dermatitis
    • 45. Laberge S, Ghaffar O, Boguniewicz M, Center DM, Leung DYM, Hamid Q. Association of increased CD4+ T-cell infiltration with increased IL-16 gene expression in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:645-50.
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 645-650
    • Laberge, S.1    Ghaffar, O.2    Boguniewicz, M.3    Center, D.M.4    Leung, D.Y.M.5    Hamid, Q.6
  • 46
    • 0000839667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eotaxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4 mRNA expression in acute versus chronic atopic dermatitis
    • 46. Taha RA, Leung DYM, Minshall E, Boguniewicz M, Luster A, Hamid QA. Eotaxin and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-4 mRNA expression in acute versus chronic atopic dermatitis [abstract]. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101(Suppl):946A.
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.101 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Taha, R.A.1    Leung, D.Y.M.2    Minshall, E.3    Boguniewicz, M.4    Luster, A.5    Hamid, Q.A.6
  • 48
    • 0033405619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CTACK, a skin-associated chemokine that preferentially attracts skin-homing memory to T cells
    • 48. Morales J, Honey B, Vicari AP, Hudak S, Oldham E, Hedrick J, et al. CTACK, a skin-associated chemokine that preferentially attracts skin-homing memory to T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999;96:14470-5.
    • (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.96 , pp. 14470-14475
    • Morales, J.1    Honey, B.2    Vicari, A.P.3    Hudak, S.4    Oldham, E.5    Hedrick, J.6
  • 49
    • 0033056333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical mediators in atopic dermatitis: Involvement of leukotriene B4 released by a type I allergic reaction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis
    • 49. Koro O, Furutani K, Hide M, Yamada S, Yamamoto S. Chemical mediators in atopic dermatitis: involvement of leukotriene B4 released by a type I allergic reaction in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:663-70.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 663-670
    • Koro, O.1    Furutani, K.2    Hide, M.3    Yamada, S.4    Yamamoto, S.5
  • 50
    • 0030975867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is overproduced by keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis: Implications for sustained dendritic cell activation in the skin
    • 50. Pastore S, Fanales-Belasio E, Albanesi C, Chinni LM, Giannetti A, Girolomoni G. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is overproduced by keratinocytes in atopic dermatitis: implications for sustained dendritic cell activation in the skin. J Clin Invest 1997;99:3009-17.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.99 , pp. 3009-3017
    • Pastore, S.1    Fanales-Belasio, E.2    Albanesi, C.3    Chinni, L.M.4    Giannetti, A.5    Girolomoni, G.6
  • 51
    • 0031959295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma promotes exaggerated cytokine production in keratinocytes cultured from patients with atopic dermatitis
    • 51. Pastore S, Corinti S, La Placa M, Didona B, Girolomoni G. Interferon-gamma promotes exaggerated cytokine production in keratinocytes cultured from patients with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;101:538-44.
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.101 , pp. 538-544
    • Pastore, S.1    Corinti, S.2    La Placa, M.3    Didona, B.4    Girolomoni, G.5
  • 52
    • 0030687609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced production of RANTES, an eosinophil chemoattractant factor, by cytokine-stimulated epidermal keratinocytes
    • 52. Yamada H, Matsukura M, Yudate T, Chihara J, Stingl G, Tezuka T. Enhanced production of RANTES, an eosinophil chemoattractant factor, by cytokine-stimulated epidermal keratinocytes. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1997;114(1 Suppl):28-32.
    • (1997) Int Arch Allergy Immunol , vol.114 , Issue.1 SUPPL. , pp. 28-32
    • Yamada, H.1    Matsukura, M.2    Yudate, T.3    Chihara, J.4    Stingl, G.5    Tezuka, T.6
  • 53
    • 0028295190 scopus 로고
    • Perturbation of epidermal barrier function correlates with initiation of cytokine cascade in human skin
    • 53. Nickoloff BJ, Naidu Y. Perturbation of epidermal barrier function correlates with initiation of cytokine cascade in human skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;30:535-46.
    • (1994) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.30 , pp. 535-546
    • Nickoloff, B.J.1    Naidu, Y.2
  • 54
    • 0027200566 scopus 로고
    • Presence of IgE antibodies to staphylococcal exotoxins on the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis: Evidence for a new group of allergens
    • 54. Leung DYM, Harbeck R, Bina P, Reiser RF, Yang E, Morris DA, et al. Presence of IgE antibodies to staphylococcal exotoxins on the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis: evidence for a new group of allergens. J Clin Invest 1993;92:1374-80.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 1374-1380
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1    Harbeck, R.2    Bina, P.3    Reiser, R.F.4    Yang, E.5    Morris, D.A.6
  • 56
    • 0031018474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergen exposure decreases glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and steroid responsiveness in atopic asthmatics
    • 56. Nimmagadda SE , Spahn JD, Surs W, Szefler SJ, Leung DYM. Allergen exposure decreases glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity and steroid responsiveness in atopic asthmatics. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;155:87-93.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.155 , pp. 87-93
    • Nimmagadda, S.E.1    Spahn, J.D.2    Surs, W.3    Szefler, S.J.4    Leung, D.Y.M.5
  • 58
    • 0026784117 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous cortisol regulates immunoglobulin E-dependent late phase reaction
    • 58. Herrscher RF, Kasper C, Sullivan TJ. Endogenous cortisol regulates immunoglobulin E-dependent late phase reaction. J Clin Invest 1992;90:596-603.
    • (1992) J Clin Invest , vol.90 , pp. 596-603
    • Herrscher, R.F.1    Kasper, C.2    Sullivan, T.J.3
  • 59
    • 0030892136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective expression of an interleukin-12 receptor component by human T helper 1 cells
    • 59. Rogge L, Barberis-Maino L, Biffi M, Passini N, Presky DH, Gubler U, et al. Selective expression of an interleukin-12 receptor component by human T helper 1 cells. J Exp Med 1997;185:825-31.
    • (1997) J Exp Med , vol.185 , pp. 825-831
    • Rogge, L.1    Barberis-Maino, L.2    Biffi, M.3    Passini, N.4    Presky, D.H.5    Gubler, U.6
  • 60
    • 0032607876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-18: A Th1 -inducing, proinflammatory cytokine and new member of the IL-1 family
    • 60. Dinarello CA. IL-18: a Th1 -inducing, proinflammatory cytokine and new member of the IL-1 family. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:11-24.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 11-24
    • Dinarello, C.A.1
  • 63
    • 0031777128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linkage and association of an interleukin 4 gene polymorphism with atopic dermatitis in Japanese families
    • 63. Kawashima T, Noguchi E, Arinami T, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Nakagawa H, Otsuka F, et al. Linkage and association of an interleukin 4 gene polymorphism with atopic dermatitis in Japanese families. J Med Genet 1998;35:502-4.
    • (1998) J Med Genet , vol.35 , pp. 502-504
    • Kawashima, T.1    Noguchi, E.2    Arinami, T.3    Yamakawa-Kobayashi, K.4    Nakagawa, H.5    Otsuka, F.6
  • 64
    • 0001325237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of atopy with a gain-of-function mutation in the alpha sub-unit of the interleukin-4 receptor
    • 64. Hershey GK, Friedrich MF, Esswein LA, Thomas ML, Chatila TA. The association of atopy with a gain-of-function mutation in the alpha subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1720-5.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1720-1725
    • Hershey, G.K.1    Friedrich, M.F.2    Esswein, L.A.3    Thomas, M.L.4    Chatila, T.A.5
  • 65
    • 0030056483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors have clinical and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects in atopic dermatitis
    • 65. Hanifin J, Chan S, Cheng J. Type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitors have clinical and in vitro anti-inflammatory effects in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1996;107:51-6.
    • (1996) J Invest Dermatol , vol.107 , pp. 51-56
    • Hanifin, J.1    Chan, S.2    Cheng, J.3
  • 67
    • 0028949152 scopus 로고
    • B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: Application to autoimmune disease therapy
    • 67. Kuchroo VK, Das MP, Brown JA, Ranger AM, Zamvil SS, Sobel RA, et al. B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/Th2 developmental pathways: application to autoimmune disease therapy. Cell 1995;80:707-18.
    • (1995) Cell , vol.80 , pp. 707-718
    • Kuchroo, V.K.1    Das, M.P.2    Brown, J.A.3    Ranger, A.M.4    Zamvil, S.S.5    Sobel, R.A.6
  • 68
    • 0032080395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced expression of B7.2 (CD86) in patients with atopic dermatitis: A potential role in the modulation of IgE synthesis
    • 68. Jirapongsananuruk O, Hofer MF, Trumble AE, Norris DA, Leung DYM. Enhanced expression of B7.2 (CD86) in patients with atopic dermatitis: a potential role in the modulation of IgE synthesis. J Immunol 1998;160:4622-7.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.160 , pp. 4622-4627
    • Jirapongsananuruk, O.1    Hofer, M.F.2    Trumble, A.E.3    Norris, D.A.4    Leung, D.Y.M.5
  • 70
    • 0030788271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional CD86 (B7-2/B70) is predominantly expressed on langerhans cells in atopic dermatitis
    • 70. Ohki O, Yokozeki H, Katayama I, Umeda T, Azuma M, Okumura K, et al. Functional CD86 (B7-2/B70) is predominantly expressed on Langerhans cells in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1997;136:838-45.
    • (1997) Br J Dermatol , vol.136 , pp. 838-845
    • Ohki, O.1    Yokozeki, H.2    Katayama, I.3    Umeda, T.4    Azuma, M.5    Okumura, K.6
  • 71
    • 0024509924 scopus 로고
    • T helper cells grown with hapten-modified cultured Langerhans: Cells produce interleukin 4 and stimulate IgE production by B cells
    • 71. Hauser C, Snapper CM, Ohara J, Paul WE, Katz SI. T helper cells grown with hapten-modified cultured Langerhans: cells produce interleukin 4 and stimulate IgE production by B cells. Eur J Immunol 1989;19:2435-51.
    • (1989) Eur J Immunol , vol.19 , pp. 2435-2451
    • Hauser, C.1    Snapper, C.M.2    Ohara, J.3    Paul, W.E.4    Katz, S.I.5
  • 73
    • 2642707541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the high affinity receptor for IgE on human epidermal Langerhans cells
    • 73. Kraft S, Wessendorf JH, Hanau D, Bieber T. Regulation of the high affinity receptor for IgE on human epidermal Langerhans cells. J Immunol 1998;161:1000-6.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 1000-1006
    • Kraft, S.1    Wessendorf, J.H.2    Hanau, D.3    Bieber, T.4
  • 74
    • 0028839330 scopus 로고
    • Activation of human epidermal Langerhans cells by engagement of the high affinity receptor for IgE
    • 74. Jurgens M, Wollenberg A, Hanau D, de la Salle H, Bieber T. Activation of human epidermal Langerhans cells by engagement of the high affinity receptor for IgE. J Immunol 1995;155:5184-9.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.155 , pp. 5184-5189
    • Jurgens, M.1    Wollenberg, A.2    Hanau, D.3    De la Salle, H.4    Bieber, T.5
  • 75
    • 0033958713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-4 induces the intracellular expression of the a chain of the high-affinity receptor for IgE in in vitro-generated dendritic cells
    • 75. Geiger E, Magerstaedt R, Jorg HM, Weendorf JHM, Kraft S, Hanau D, et al. IL-4 induces the intracellular expression of the a chain of the high-affinity receptor for IgE in in vitro-generated dendritic cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:150-6.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 150-156
    • Geiger, E.1    Magerstaedt, R.2    Jorg, H.M.3    Weendorf, J.H.M.4    Kraft, S.5    Hanau, D.6
  • 76
    • 8944239404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral blood dendritic cells express Fc epsilon RI as a complex composed of Fc epsilon RI alpha- and Fc epsilon RI gamma-chains and can use this receptor for IgE-mediated allergen presentation
    • 76. Maurer D, Fiebiger S, Ebner C, Reininger B, Fischer GF, Wichlas S, et al. Peripheral blood dendritic cells express Fc epsilon RI as a complex composed of Fc epsilon RI alpha-and Fc epsilon RI gamma-chains and can use this receptor for IgE-mediated allergen presentation. J Immunol 1996;157:607-16.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.157 , pp. 607-616
    • Maurer, D.1    Fiebiger, S.2    Ebner, C.3    Reininger, B.4    Fischer, G.F.5    Wichlas, S.6
  • 77
    • 0032850685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: Pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management
    • 77. Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(Suppl):S114-22.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Sicherer, S.H.1    Sampson, H.A.2
  • 78
    • 0033064254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food allergy, I: Immunopathogenesis and clinical disorders
    • 78. Sampson HA. Food allergy, I: immunopathogenesis and clinical disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:717-28.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 717-728
    • Sampson, H.A.1
  • 80
    • 0026526928 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of sensitizations in atopic dermatitis
    • 80. Guillet G, Guillet MH. Natural history of sensitizations in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1992;128:187-92.
    • (1992) Arch Dermatol , vol.128 , pp. 187-192
    • Guillet, G.1    Guillet, M.H.2
  • 81
    • 0029039334 scopus 로고
    • The development and prediction and of atopy in high-risk children: Follow-up at seven years in a prospective randomized study of combined maternal and infant food allergen avoidance
    • 81. Zeiger R, Heller S. The development and prediction and of atopy in high-risk children: follow-up at seven years in a prospective randomized study of combined maternal and infant food allergen avoidance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;95:1179-90.
    • (1995) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.95 , pp. 1179-1190
    • Zeiger, R.1    Heller, S.2
  • 82
    • 0026522776 scopus 로고
    • Maternal avoidance of eggs, cow's milk, and fish during lactation: Effect on allergic manifestation, skin-prick tests and specific IgE antibodies in children at age 4 years
    • 82. Sigurs N, Hattevig G, Kjellman B. Maternal avoidance of eggs, cow's milk, and fish during lactation: effect on allergic manifestation, skin-prick tests and specific IgE antibodies in children at age 4 years. Pediatrics 1992;89:735-9.
    • (1992) Pediatrics , vol.89 , pp. 735-739
    • Sigurs, N.1    Hattevig, G.2    Kjellman, B.3
  • 83
    • 0029123667 scopus 로고
    • A role for eosinophils in the pathogenesis of skin lesions in patients with food-sensitive atopic dermatitis
    • 83. Magnarin M, Knowles A, Ventura A, Vita F, Fanti L, Zabucchi G. A role for eosinophils in the pathogenesis of skin lesions in patients with food-sensitive atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:200-8.
    • (1995) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.96 , pp. 200-208
    • Magnarin, M.1    Knowles, A.2    Ventura, A.3    Vita, F.4    Fanti, L.5    Zabucchi, G.6
  • 84
    • 0017145237 scopus 로고
    • Objective clinical and laboratory studies of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods in asthmatic children
    • 84. May CD. Objective clinical and laboratory studies of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods in asthmatic children. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1976;58:500-15.
    • (1976) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.58 , pp. 500-515
    • May, C.D.1
  • 86
    • 0032827478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birch pollen-related foods trigger atopic dermatitis in patients with specific cutaneous T-cell responses to birch pollen antigens
    • 86. Reekers R, Busche M, Wittmann M, Kapp A, Werfel T. Birch pollen-related foods trigger atopic dermatitis in patients with specific cutaneous T-cell responses to birch pollen antigens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:466-72.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 466-472
    • Reekers, R.1    Busche, M.2    Wittmann, M.3    Kapp, A.4    Werfel, T.5
  • 87
    • 0028804437 scopus 로고
    • Milk-induced eczema is associated with the expansion of T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen
    • 87. Abernathy-Carver KJ, Sampson HA, Picker LJ, Leung DYM. Milk-induced eczema is associated with the expansion of T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen. J Clin Invest 1995;95:913-8.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 913-918
    • Abernathy-Carver, K.J.1    Sampson, H.A.2    Picker, L.J.3    Leung, D.Y.M.4
  • 88
    • 0003090159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis
    • Leung DYM, Greaves M, editors. New York: Marcel Dekker
    • 88. Wheatley LM, Platts-Mills TAE. The role of inhalant allergens in atopic dermatitis. In: Leung DYM, Greaves M, editors. Allergic skin diseases: causes and treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker; 2000. p 423-34.
    • (2000) Allergic Skin Diseases: Causes and Treatment , pp. 423-434
    • Wheatley, L.M.1    Platts-Mills, T.A.E.2
  • 89
    • 0001074549 scopus 로고
    • Causation of eczema, urticaria, and angioneurotic edema by proteins other than those derived from foods
    • 89. Walker IC. Causation of eczema, urticaria, and angioneurotic edema by proteins other than those derived from foods. JAMA 1918;70:897-900.
    • (1918) JAMA , vol.70 , pp. 897-900
    • Walker, I.C.1
  • 90
    • 0001039720 scopus 로고
    • Studies in atopic dermatitis, IV: Importance of seasonal inhalant allergens, especially ragweed
    • 90. Tuft L, Heck VM. Studies in atopic dermatitis, IV: importance of seasonal inhalant allergens, especially ragweed. J Allergy 1952;23:528-40.
    • (1952) J Allergy , vol.23 , pp. 528-540
    • Tuft, L.1    Heck, V.M.2
  • 92
    • 0033496145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coprinus comatus (shaggy cap) is a potential source of aeroallergen that may provoke atopic dermatitis
    • 92. Fischer B, Yawalkar N, Brander KA, Pichler WJ, Helbling A. Coprinus comatus (shaggy cap) is a potential source of aeroallergen that may provoke atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:836-41.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 836-841
    • Fischer, B.1    Yawalkar, N.2    Brander, K.A.3    Pichler, W.J.4    Helbling, A.5
  • 93
    • 0024421213 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between positive aeroallergen patch test reactions and aeroallergen exacerbations of atopic dermatitis
    • 93. Clark RA, Adinoff AD. The relationship between positive aeroallergen patch test reactions and aeroallergen exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1989;53(Suppl):S132-40.
    • (1989) Clin Immunol Immunopathol , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Clark, R.A.1    Adinoff, A.D.2
  • 94
    • 0030053474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind controlled trial of effect of housedust-mite allergen avoidance on atopic dermatitis
    • 94. Tan BB, Weald D, Strickland I, Friedmann PS. Double-blind controlled trial of effect of housedust-mite allergen avoidance on atopic dermatitis Lancet 1996;347:15-8.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 15-18
    • Tan, B.B.1    Weald, D.2    Strickland, I.3    Friedmann, P.S.4
  • 95
    • 0033406634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of specific IgE in assessing the relevance of fungal and dust mite allergens to atopic dermatitis: A comparison with asthmatic and nonasthmatic control subjects
    • 95. Scalabrin DM, Bavbek S, Perzanowski MS, Wilson BB, Platts-Mills TA, Wheatley LM. Use of specific IgE in assessing the relevance of fungal and dust mite allergens to atopic dermatitis: a comparison with asthmatic and nonasthmatic control subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:1273-9.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 1273-1279
    • Scalabrin, D.M.1    Bavbek, S.2    Perzanowski, M.S.3    Wilson, B.B.4    Platts-Mills, T.A.5    Wheatley, L.M.6
  • 96
    • 0033436309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between severity of atopic eczema and degree of sensitization to aeroallergens in schoolchildren
    • 96. Schafer T, Heinrich J, Wjst M, Adam Heinrich, Ring J, Wichmann H-E. Association between severity of atopic eczema and degree of sensitization to aeroallergens in schoolchildren. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:1280-4.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 1280-1284
    • Schafer, T.1    Heinrich, J.2    Wjst, M.3    Heinrich, A.4    Ring, J.5    Wichmann, H.-E.6
  • 98
    • 0023733903 scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy
    • 98. Lever R, Hadley K, Downey D, Mackie R. Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy. Br J Dermatol 1988;119:189-98.
    • (1988) Br J Dermatol , vol.119 , pp. 189-198
    • Lever, R.1    Hadley, K.2    Downey, D.3    Mackie, R.4
  • 99
    • 0032893309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and role of serum IgE antibodies to the staphylococcus aureus-derived superantigens SEA and SEB in children with atopic dermatitis
    • 99. Bunikowski R, Mielke M, Skarabis H, Herz U, Bergmann RL, Wahn U, Renz H. Prevalence and role of serum IgE antibodies to the Staphylococcus aureus-derived superantigens SEA and SEB in children with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:119-24.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 119-124
    • Bunikowski, R.1    Mielke, M.2    Skarabis, H.3    Herz, U.4    Bergmann, R.L.5    Wahn, U.6    Renz, H.7
  • 100
    • 0032828538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the staphylococcal exotoxins and their specific IgE in childhood atopic dermatitis
    • 100. Nomura I, Tanaka K, Tomita H, Katsunuma T, Ohya Y, Ikeda N, et al. Evaluation of the Staphylococcal exotoxins and their specific IgE in childhood atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:441-6.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 441-446
    • Nomura, I.1    Tanaka, K.2    Tomita, H.3    Katsunuma, T.4    Ohya, Y.5    Ikeda, N.6
  • 101
    • 0032918376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for superantigen involvement in skin homing of T cells in atopic dermatitis
    • 101. Strickland I, Hauk PJ, Trumble AE, Picker U, Leung DY. Evidence for superantigen involvement in skin homing of T cells in atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1999;112:249-53.
    • (1999) J Invest Dermatol , vol.112 , pp. 249-253
    • Strickland, I.1    Hauk, P.J.2    Trumble, A.E.3    Picker, U.4    Leung, D.Y.5
  • 103
    • 0031952868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human-SCID mouse model for allergic immune response bacterial superantigen enhances skin inflammation and suppresses IgE production
    • 103. Here U, Schnoy N, Borelli S, Weigl L, Kasbohrer U, Daser A, et al. A human-SCID mouse model for allergic immune response bacterial superantigen enhances skin inflammation and suppresses IgE production. J Invest Dermatol 1998;110:224-31.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.110 , pp. 224-231
    • Here, U.1    Schnoy, N.2    Borelli, S.3    Weigl, L.4    Kasbohrer, U.5    Daser, A.6
  • 104
    • 0034048372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of corticosteroid insensitivity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by microbial superantigens
    • 104. Hauk PJ, Hamid QA, Chrousos GP, Leung DYM. Induction of corticosteroid insensitivity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by microbial superantigens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:726-31.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 726-731
    • Hauk, P.J.1    Hamid, Q.A.2    Chrousos, G.P.3    Leung, D.Y.M.4
  • 105
    • 0032948786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcal toxins augment specific IgE responses by atopic patients exposed to allergen
    • 105. Hofer MF, Harbeck RJ, Schlievert PM, Leung DYM. Staphylococcal toxins augment specific IgE responses by atopic patients exposed to allergen. J Invest Dermatol 1999;112:171-6.
    • (1999) J Invest Dermatol , vol.112 , pp. 171-176
    • Hofer, M.F.1    Harbeck, R.J.2    Schlievert, P.M.3    Leung, D.Y.M.4
  • 106
    • 0030021670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Staphylococcal enterotoxin B applied on intact normal and intact atopic skin induces dermatitis
    • 106. Strange P, Skov L, Lisby S, Nielsen PL, Baadsgaard O. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B applied on intact normal and intact atopic skin induces dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1996;132:27-33.
    • (1996) Arch Dermatol , vol.132 , pp. 27-33
    • Strange, P.1    Skov, L.2    Lisby, S.3    Nielsen, P.L.4    Baadsgaard, O.5
  • 107
    • 0034101969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of staphylococcal enterotoxin B on normal and atopic skin induces up-regulation of T cells by a superantigen-mediated mechanism
    • 107. Skov L, Olsen JV, Giorno R, Schlievert PM, Baadsgaard O, Leung DVM. Application of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B on normal and atopic skin induces up-regulation of T cells by a superantigen-mediated mechanism. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000;105:820-6.
    • (2000) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.105 , pp. 820-826
    • Skov, L.1    Olsen, J.V.2    Giorno, R.3    Schlievert, P.M.4    Baadsgaard, O.5    Leung, D.V.M.6
  • 108
    • 0030052836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atopic dermatitis and staphylococcal superantigens
    • 108. Michie CA, Davis T. Atopic dermatitis and staphylococcal superantigens [letter]. Lancet 1996;347:324.
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.347 , pp. 324
    • Michie, C.A.1    Davis, T.2
  • 109
    • 0028963377 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial superantigens induce T cell expression of the skin-selective homing receptor, the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen CLAJ
    • 109. Leung DYM, Gately M, Trumble A, Ferguson-Darnell B, Schlievert PM, Picker LJ. Bacterial superantigens induce T cell expression of the skin-selective homing receptor, the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLAJ. J Exp Med 1995;181:747-53.
    • (1995) J Exp Med , vol.181 , pp. 747-753
    • Leung, D.Y.M.1    Gately, M.2    Trumble, A.3    Ferguson-Darnell, B.4    Schlievert, P.M.5    Picker, L.J.6
  • 112
    • 0029068378 scopus 로고
    • Ketoconazole in atopic dermatitis: Therapeutic response is correlated with decrease in serum IgE
    • 112. Back O, Scheynius A, Johansson SG. Ketoconazole in atopic dermatitis: therapeutic response is correlated with decrease in serum IgE. Arch Dermatol Res 1995;287:448-51.
    • (1995) Arch Dermatol Res , vol.287 , pp. 448-451
    • Back, O.1    Scheynius, A.2    Johansson, S.G.3
  • 114
    • 0002841949 scopus 로고
    • Beitrag zu den beziehungen von asthma und ekzem
    • 114. Keller P. Beitrag zu den Beziehungen von Asthma und Ekzem. Arch Derm Syph Berl 1924;148:82-91.
    • (1924) Arch Derm Syph Berl , vol.148 , pp. 82-91
    • Keller, P.1
  • 115
    • 0002460947 scopus 로고
    • The sensitivity of man to human dander, with particular reference to eczema (allergic dermatitis)
    • 115. Hampton SF, Cooke RA. The sensitivity of man to human dander, with particular reference to eczema (allergic dermatitis). J Allergy 1941;13:63-76.
    • (1941) J Allergy , vol.13 , pp. 63-76
    • Hampton, S.F.1    Cooke, R.A.2
  • 116
    • 0000548595 scopus 로고
    • Infantile eczema: Evidence of autoimmunity to human skin
    • 116. Hashem N, Sedlis E, Hirschom K, Emmett Holt E. Infantile eczema: evidence of autoimmunity to human skin. Lancet 1963;2:269-70.
    • (1963) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 269-270
    • Hashem, N.1    Sedlis, E.2    Hirschom, K.3    Emmett Holt, E.4
  • 118
    • 0032465547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of an autoallergen, Horn s I, identified by serum IgE from atopic dermatitis patients
    • 118. Valenta R, Natter S, Seiberler S, Wichlas S, Maurer D, Hess M, et al. Molecular characterization of an autoallergen, Horn s I, identified by serum IgE from atopic dermatitis patients. J Invest Dermatol 1998;111:1178-83.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.111 , pp. 1178-1183
    • Valenta, R.1    Natter, S.2    Seiberler, S.3    Wichlas, S.4    Maurer, D.5    Hess, M.6
  • 119
    • 0031830895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human eosinophils produce biologically active IL-12: Implications for control of T cell responses
    • 119. Grewe M, Czech W, Morita A, Werfel T, Klammer M. Kapp A, et al. Human eosinophils produce biologically active IL-12: implications for control of T cell responses. J Immunol 1998;161:415-20.
    • (1998) J Immunol , vol.161 , pp. 415-420
    • Grewe, M.1    Czech, W.2    Morita, A.3    Werfel, T.4    Klammer, M.5    Kapp, A.6
  • 120
    • 0032957175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superantigens augment antigen-specific Th1 responses by inducing IL-12 production in macrophages
    • 120. Bright JJ, Xin Z, Sriram S. Superantigens augment antigen-specific Th1 responses by inducing IL-12 production in macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 1999;65:665-70.
    • (1999) J Leukoc Biol , vol.65 , pp. 665-670
    • Bright, J.J.1    Xin, Z.2    Sriram, S.3
  • 121
    • 0033168291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid mobilization of intracellularly stored RANTES in response to interferon-gamma in human eosinophils
    • 121. Lacy P, Mahmudi-Azer S, Bablitz B, Hagen SC, Velazquez JR, Man SF, et al. Rapid mobilization of intracellularly stored RANTES in response to interferon-gamma in human eosinophils. Blood 1999;94:23-32.
    • (1999) Blood , vol.94 , pp. 23-32
    • Lacy, P.1    Mahmudi-Azer, S.2    Bablitz, B.3    Hagen, S.C.4    Velazquez, J.R.5    Man, S.F.6
  • 122
    • 0032719182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of JAK2 signal transductional pathway in activation and survival of human peripheral eosinophils by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)
    • 122. Ochiai K, Tanabe E, Ishihara C, Kagami M, Sugiyama T, Sueishi M, et al. Role of JAK2 signal transductional pathway in activation and survival of human peripheral eosinophils by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Clin Exp Immunol 1999;118:340-3.
    • (1999) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.118 , pp. 340-343
    • Ochiai, K.1    Tanabe, E.2    Ishihara, C.3    Kagami, M.4    Sugiyama, T.5    Sueishi, M.6
  • 123
    • 0025819102 scopus 로고
    • Decreased level of ceramides in stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis: An etiologic factor in atopic dry skin?
    • 123. Imokawa G, Abe A, Jin K, Higaki Y, Kawashima M, Hidano A. Decreased level of ceramides in stratum corneum of atopic dermatitis: an etiologic factor in atopic dry skin? J Invest Dermatol 1991;96:523-6.
    • (1991) J Invest Dermatol , vol.96 , pp. 523-526
    • Imokawa, G.1    Abe, A.2    Jin, K.3    Higaki, Y.4    Kawashima, M.5    Hidano, A.6
  • 125
    • 0033016393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults with topical fluticasone propionate
    • 125. Van Der Meer JB, Glazenburg EJ, Mulder PG, Eggink HF, Coenraads PJ. The management of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults with topical fluticasone propionate. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:1114-21.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.140 , pp. 1114-1121
    • Van Der Meer, J.B.1    Glazenburg, E.J.2    Mulder, P.G.3    Eggink, H.F.4    Coenraads, P.J.5
  • 126
    • 0032849162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, long-term safety evaluation of the HI-receptor antagonist cetirizine in very young children with atopic dermatitis, ETAC Study Group: Early treatment of the atopic child
    • 126. Simons FE. Prospective, long-term safety evaluation of the HI-receptor antagonist cetirizine in very young children with atopic dermatitis, ETAC Study Group: early treatment of the atopic child. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:433-40.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , pp. 433-440
    • Simons, F.E.1
  • 128
    • 0033017345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon-gamma therapy reduces blood leukocyte levels in patients with atopic dermatitis: Correlation with clinical improvement
    • 128. Ellis CN, Stevens SR, Blok BK, Taylor RS, Cooper KD. Interferon-gamma therapy reduces blood leukocyte levels in patients with atopic dermatitis: correlation with clinical improvement. Clin Immunol 1999;92:49-55.
    • (1999) Clin Immunol , vol.92 , pp. 49-55
    • Ellis, C.N.1    Stevens, S.R.2    Blok, B.K.3    Taylor, R.S.4    Cooper, K.D.5
  • 129
    • 0027153990 scopus 로고
    • Interferon-alpha treatment decreases the number of blood eosinophils in patients with severe atopic dermatitis
    • 129. Paukkonen K, Fraki J, Horsmanheimo M. Interferon-alpha treatment decreases the number of blood eosinophils in patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1993;73:141-2.
    • (1993) Acta Derm Venereol , vol.73 , pp. 141-142
    • Paukkonen, K.1    Fraki, J.2    Horsmanheimo, M.3
  • 130
    • 0025800440 scopus 로고
    • An open-label study of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in severe childhood asthma
    • 130. Mazer BD, Gelfand EW. An open-label study of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in severe childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87:976-83.
    • (1991) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.87 , pp. 976-983
    • Mazer, B.D.1    Gelfand, E.W.2
  • 131
    • 0033051612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of glucocorticoid reduction in asthmatic subjects treated with intravenous immunoglobulin
    • 131. Spahn JD, Leung DYM, Chan MT, Szefler SJ, Gelfand EW. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid reduction in asthmatic subjects treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:421-6.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.103 , pp. 421-426
    • Spahn, J.D.1    Leung, D.Y.M.2    Chan, M.T.3    Szefler, S.J.4    Gelfand, E.W.5
  • 132
    • 0032916397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular interleukin-4 profiles during high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of therapy-resistant atopic dermatitis
    • 132. Jolies S, Hughes J, Rustin M. Intracellular interleukin-4 profiles during high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of therapy-resistant atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:121-3.
    • (1999) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.40 , pp. 121-123
    • Jolies, S.1    Hughes, J.2    Rustin, M.3
  • 133
    • 0031827317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The leukotriene antagonist zafirlukast as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis
    • 133. Carucci JA, Washenik K, Weinstein A, Shupack J, Cohen DE. The leukotriene antagonist zafirlukast as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:785-6.
    • (1998) Arch Dermatol , vol.134 , pp. 785-786
    • Carucci, J.A.1    Washenik, K.2    Weinstein, A.3    Shupack, J.4    Cohen, D.E.5
  • 134
    • 0028894309 scopus 로고
    • Hepatitis induced by traditional Chinese herbs: Possible toxic components
    • 134. Kane JA, Kane SP, Jain S. Hepatitis induced by traditional Chinese herbs: possible toxic components. Gut 1995;36:146-7.
    • (1995) Gut , vol.36 , pp. 146-147
    • Kane, J.A.1    Kane, S.P.2    Jain, S.3
  • 135
    • 0033608398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of Chinese herbal creams prescribed for dermatological conditions
    • 135. Keane FM, Munn SE, du Vivier AW, Taylor NF, Higgins EM. Analysis of Chinese herbal creams prescribed for dermatological conditions. BMJ 1999;318:563-4.
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.318 , pp. 563-564
    • Keane, F.M.1    Munn, S.E.2    Du Vivier, A.W.3    Taylor, N.F.4    Higgins, E.M.5
  • 136
    • 0033039611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in Chinese patients with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis
    • 136. Fung AY, Look PC, Chong LY, But PP, Wong E. A controlled trial of traditional Chinese herbal medicine in Chinese patients with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 1999;38:387-92.
    • (1999) Int J Dermatol , vol.38 , pp. 387-392
    • Fung, A.Y.1    Look, P.C.2    Chong, L.Y.3    But, P.P.4    Wong, E.5
  • 137
    • 0023245677 scopus 로고
    • FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces, 1: Fermentation, isolation, and physicochemical and biological characteristics
    • 137. Kino T, Hatanaka H, Hashimoto M, Nishiyama M, Goto T, Okuhara M, et al. FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces, 1: fermentation, isolation, and physicochemical and biological characteristics. J Antibiol (Tokyo) 1987;40:1249-55.
    • (1987) J Antibiol (Tokyo) , vol.40 , pp. 1249-1255
    • Kino, T.1    Hatanaka, H.2    Hashimoto, M.3    Nishiyama, M.4    Goto, T.5    Okuhara, M.6
  • 138
    • 0032879113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of atopic dermatitis: Role of tacrolimus ointment as a topical noncorticosteroidal therapy
    • 138. Fleischer AB. Treatment of atopic dermatitis: role of tacrolimus ointment as a topical noncorticosteroidal therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(Suppl):S126-30.
    • (1999) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.104 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Fleischer, A.B.1
  • 139
    • 0031792219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, vehicle-controlled trial of tacrolimus ointment for treatment of atopic dermatitis in children: Pediatric Tacrolimus Study Group
    • 139. Boguniewicz M, Fiedler VC, Rainier S, Lawrence ID, Leung DYM, Hanifin JM. A randomized, vehicle-controlled trial of tacrolimus ointment for treatment of atopic dermatitis in children: Pediatric Tacrolimus Study Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:637-44.
    • (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.102 , pp. 637-644
    • Boguniewicz, M.1    Fiedler, V.C.2    Rainier, S.3    Lawrence, I.D.4    Leung, D.Y.M.5    Hanifin, J.M.6
  • 140
    • 0242322394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A short-term trial of tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis: European Tacrolimus Multicenter Atopic Dermatitis Study Group
    • 140. Ruzicka T, Bieber T, Schopf E, Rubins A, Dobozy A, Bos JD, et al. A short-term trial of tacrolimus ointment for atopic dermatitis: European Tacrolimus Multicenter Atopic Dermatitis Study Group. N EngI J Med 1997;337:816-21.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 816-821
    • Ruzicka, T.1    Bieber, T.2    Schopf, E.3    Rubins, A.4    Dobozy, A.5    Bos, J.D.6
  • 141
    • 0031657805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tacrolimus ointment does not affect collagen synthesis: Results of a single-center randomized trial
    • 141. Reitamo S, Rissanen J, Remitz A, Granlund H, Erkko P, Elg P, et al. Tacrolimus ointment does not affect collagen synthesis: results of a single-center randomized trial. J Invest Dermatol 1998;111:396-8.
    • (1998) J Invest Dermatol , vol.111 , pp. 396-398
    • Reitamo, S.1    Rissanen, J.2    Remitz, A.3    Granlund, H.4    Erkko, P.5    Elg, P.6
  • 142
    • 0032769627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel anti-inflammatory drug, SDZ ASM 981, for the treatment of skin diseases: In vitro pharmacology
    • 142. Grassberger M, Baumruker T, Enz A, Hiestand P, Hultsch T, Kalthoff F, et al. A novel anti-inflammatory drug, SDZ ASM 981, for the treatment of skin diseases: in vitro pharmacology. Br J Dermatol 1999;141:264-73.
    • (1999) Br J Dermatol , vol.141 , pp. 264-273
    • Grassberger, M.1    Baumruker, T.2    Enz, A.3    Hiestand, P.4    Hultsch, T.5    Kalthoff, F.6
  • 143
    • 2642649496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of the ascomycin macrolactam SDZ ASM 981 in the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis
    • 143. Van Leent EJ, Graber M, Thurston M, Wagenaar A, Spuls PI, Bos JD. Effectiveness of the ascomycin macrolactam SDZ ASM 981 in the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1998; 134:805-9.
    • (1998) Arch Dermatol , vol.134 , pp. 805-809
    • Van Leent, E.J.1    Graber, M.2    Thurston, M.3    Wagenaar, A.4    Spuls, P.I.5    Bos, J.D.6
  • 144
    • 0027729739 scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of the TRFK-5 anti-IL-5 antibody in a guinea pig model of asthma
    • 144. Mauser PJ, Pitman A, Witt A, Fernandez X, Zurcher J, Kung T, et al. Inhibitory effect of the TRFK-5 anti-IL-5 antibody in a guinea pig model of asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1623-7.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.148 , pp. 1623-1627
    • Mauser, P.J.1    Pitman, A.2    Witt, A.3    Fernandez, X.4    Zurcher, J.5    Kung, T.6
  • 146
    • 0025762023 scopus 로고
    • A recombinant extracellular domain of the human interleukin 4 receptor inhibits the biological effects of interleukin 4 on T and B lymphocytes
    • 146. Garrone P, Djossou O, Galizzi JP, Banchereau J. A recombinant extracellular domain of the human interleukin 4 receptor inhibits the biological effects of interleukin 4 on T and B lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 1991;21:1365-9.
    • (1991) Eur J Immunol , vol.21 , pp. 1365-1369
    • Garrone, P.1    Djossou, O.2    Galizzi, J.P.3    Banchereau, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.