The clinical spectrum of atopic dermatitis

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Volumn 104, Issue 3 SUPPL., 1999, Pages

  Beltrani, Vincent S ^a,b,c  

^a The New York Presbyterian Hospital   (United States)

^b RUTGERS NEW JERSEY MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Allergy; Allokinesis; Atopy; Eczema; Eosinophils; IgE antibodies; Immunologic aberrations; Isomorphic response; Mast cells; Pruritus; Th1 TH2; Xerosis

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN E ANTIBODY;

ANTIBODY RESPONSE; ATOPIC DERMATITIS; ATOPY; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CLINICAL FEATURE; ECZEMA; EOSINOPHIL; HUMAN; MAST CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PRURITUS; REVIEW; XEROSIS;

ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DERMATITIS, ATOPIC; FAMILY HEALTH; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT;

EID: 0032850027     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70050-3     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Hanifin JM, Rajka G. Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis. Acta Dermato Venereol (Stockh) 1980;92(suppl):44-7.
2. Kang K, Tian R. Atopic dermatitis: an evaluation of clinical and laboratory findings. Int J Dermatol 1987;26:27-32.
3. Beltrani VS. The clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis. In: Leung DYM, editor. Atopic dermatitis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Austin, TX: R G Landes Company; 1996. p. 1-40.
4. Jones SM, Sampson HA. The role of allergens in atopic dermatitis. In: Leung DYM, editor. Atopic dermatitis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Austin, TX: R G Landes Company; 1996. p. 41-66.
5. Platts-Mills T, Mitchell E, Rowntree S, et al. The role of dust mite allergens in atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol 1983;8:233-47.
6. Clark R, Adinoff A. Aeroallergen contact can exacerbate atopic dermatitis: patch tests as a diagnostic tool. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:863-9.
7. Ring J. Atopy: Condition, disease, or syndrome? In: Ruzicka T, Ring J, Przybilla B, editors. Handbook of atopic eczema. Berlin: Springer; 1993. p. 3-8.
8. Halbert AR, Weston WL, Morelli JG. Atopic dermatitis: Is it an allergic disease? J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:1008-18.
9. Leung DYM. Pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(suppl):S99-108.
10. th AAAAI Annual Meeting, Orlando, Fla.
11. Ishizaka K, Ishizaka T, Hornbrook M. Physicochemical properties of reagenic antibody. J Immunol 1966;97:840-53.
12. Bos JD, Wierenga EA, Smitt JHS, et al. Immune dysregulation in atopic eczema. Arch Dermatol 1992;128:1509-12.
13. Lebel B, Venencie P, Saurat J, et al. Anti-IgE-induced histamine release from basophils in children with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1980;95(suppl):57-9.
14. Boguniewicz M, Nicol NH, Leung DYM. Atopic disease and the skin. In: Charlesworth EN, editor. Cutaneous allergy. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell Science; 1996. p. 209-31.
15. H1 response in situ: an immunocytochemical study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:828-37.
16. Galli SJ. New concepts about the mast cell. N Engl J Med 1993;328:257-65.
17. Tanaka Y, Takenaka M, Matsunaga Y, et al. High affinity IgE receptor expression on eosinophils infiltrating the lesions and mite patch tested sites in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 1995;287:712-7.
18. Wollenberg A, Kraft S, Hanau D, Bieber T. Immunomorphological and ultrastructural characterization of Langerhans cells and a novel, inflammatory dendritic epidermal cell population of lesional skin of atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 1996;106:446-53.
19. Hoffman DR, Yamamoto FY, Geller B, Haddad Z. Specific IgE antibodies in atopic eczema. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1975;55:256-67.
20. Sampson HA, Albergo R. Comparison of results of prick skin tests, RAST and double-blind placebo-controlled food changes in children with atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984;74:26-33.
21. Hanifin JM. Atopic dermatitis in infants and children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1991;38:763-89.
22. Johnson E, Irons J, Patterson R, et al. Serum IgE concentration in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1974;54:94-9.
23. Juhlin L, Johansson SGO, Bennich H, et al. Immunoglobulin E in dermatoses. Arch Dermatol 1969;100:12-5.
24. Jones HE, Inouye JC, McGerity JL, et al. Atopic disease and serum IgE. Br J Dermatol 1975;92:17-25.
25. Johansson SGO, Juhlin L. IgE in healed atopic dermatitis and after treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine. Br J Dermatol 1970;82:10-2
26. Melhop PD, van de Rijn M, Goldberg AB, et al. Allergen-induced bronchial hyper-reactivity and eosinophilic inflammation occur in the absence of IgE in a mouse model of asthma. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1997;94:1350-5.
27. Hamelmann E, Vella AT, Oshiba A, et al. Allergic airway sensitization induces T cell activation but not airway hyper-responsiveness in B cell-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997;94:1359-5.
28. Johnson HH, DeOreo GA, Lascheid WP, Mitchell G. Skin histamine levels in chronic atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1960;34:237-8.
29. Juhlin L. Localization and content of histamine in normal and diseased skin. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1967;47:383-91.
30. Ruzicka T, Gluch S. Cutaneous histamine levels and histamine releasability in the skin in atopic dermatitis and hyper-IgE syndrome. Arch Dermatol Res 1983;275:41-5.
31. Hagermark O, Wahlgren C-F. Itch in atopic dermatitis: the role of histamine and other mediators and the failure of antihistamine therapy. Dermatologic Therapy 1996;1:75-82.
32. Rothenberg ME. Eosinophilia. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1592-600.
33. Leiferman KM, Ackerman SJ, Sampson HA, et al. Dermal deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein in atopic dermatitis: Comparison with onchocerciasis. N Engl J Med 1985;313:282-5.
34. Kagi MK, Joller-Jemelka H, Wuthrich B. Correlation of eosinophils, eosinophil cationic protein, soluble IL-2 receptor with the clinical activity of atopic dermatitis. Dermatology 1992;185:88-92.
35. Kane GC, Pollice M, Kim CJ, et al. A controlled trial of the effect of the 5-lipooxygenase inhibitor, zileuton, on lung inflammation produced by segmental antigen challenge in human beings. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;184:646-54.
36. Zhang J, Chervinsky P, Edwards T, et al. Montelukast, a Cys LT1 receptor antagonist, decreases peripheral blood eosinophils and improves signs and symptoms of asthma over a 3 month period. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:S52-68.
37. Mosmann T. Cytokines and immune regulation. In: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Schwartz BD, Shearer WT, Strober W, editors. Clinical immunology principles and practice. St Louis (MO): Mosby-Year Book; 1996. p. 217-30.
38. Huston DP. The biology of the immune system. JAMA 1997;278:1804-14.
39. Bohm I, Bauer R. TH1 cells, TH2 cells and atopic dermatitis. Hautarzt 1997;48:223-7.
40. Hanifin JM. Do mast cells play a role in atopic dermatitis? In: Kaliner M, Metcalfe DD, editors. Mast cells in health and disease. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1992. p. 639-51.
41. Romagnani S, DelPrete GF, Maggi E, et al. Role of interleukins in induction and regulation of human IgE synthesis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1989;50:S13-23.
42. Boguniewicz M, Nicol NH, Leung DYM. Atopic disease and the skin. In: Charlesworth EN, editor. Cutaneous allergy. Cambridge: Blackwell Science; 1996. p. 209-31.
43. Romagnani S. The TH2 hypothesis in allergy: "Eppur si muove!" Allergy Clin Immunol Int 1998;10:158-64.
44. Thegpen T, Langeveld-Wildschut EG, Bihari IC, et al. Biphasic response against aeroallergen in atopic dermatitis showing a switch from an initial TH2 response to a TH1 response in situ: an immunocytochemical study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:828-37.
45. Okada S, Maeda K, Tanaka Y, Anan S, Yoshida H. Immunoglobulins and their receptors on epidermal Langerhans cells in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 1996;23:247-53.
46. Kraft S, Wessendorf JH, Hanau D, Bieber T. Regulation of the high affinity receptor for IgE on human epidermal Langerhans cells. J Immunol 1998;161:1000-6.
47. Tanaka Y, Takenaka M, Matsunaga Y, et al. High affinity IgE receptor expression on eosinophils in infiltrating the lesions of mite patch tested sites in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 1995;287:712-17.
48. Grabbe J, Welker P, Humke S, et al. High-dose UVA1, but not UVA/UVB therapy, decreases IgE-binding cells in lesional skin of patients with atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 1996;107:419-22.
49. Wahlgren CF, Hagermark O, Bergstrom R. Patients perception of itch induced by histamine, 44/80, and wool fibers in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1991;71:488-94.
50. Nassif A, Chan SC, Storrs FJ, Hanifin JM. Abnormal skin irritancy in atopic dermatitis and in atopy without dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1994; 130:1402-7.
51. Wahlgren CF. Itch and atopic dermatitis: clinical and experimental studies. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh) 1991;165:1-53.
52. Ring J, Darsow U, Abeck D. The atopy patch test as a method of studying aeroallergens as triggering factors of atopic dermatitis. Dermatologic Therapy 1996;1:51-60.
53. Beltrani VS. The role of dust mites in atopic dermatitis: a preliminary report. Immunol Allergy Clin 1997;17:431-42.
54. Sicherer SH, Sampson HA. Food hypersensitivity and atopic dermatitis: pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(suppl):S114-22.
55. Morren MA, Przybilla B, Bamelis M, et al. Atopic dermatitis: triggering factors. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:467-73.
56. Hogan D, Danaker C, Maibach HI. Contact dermatitis: risk factors and rehabilitation. Semin Dermatol 1994;31:467-73.
57. Kubota Y, Imayama S, Hori Y Reduction of environmental mites improved atopic dermatitis with positive mite patch test. J Dermatol 1992;19:177-80.
58. Tupker TA, DeMonchy JG, Coenraads PJ, et al. Induction of atopic dermatitis by inhalation of house dust mite, J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;97:1064-70.
59. Clark RAF, Adinoff AD. Aeroallergen contact can exacerbate atopie dermatitis: patch tests as a diagnostic tool. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:863-9.
60. Clark RAF, Adinoff AD. The relationship between positive aeroallergen patch test reaction and aeroallergen exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1989;53(suppl):132-40.
61. Yu B, Sawai T, Uehara M, et al. Immediate hypersensitivity skin reactions to human dander in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1988;124:1530-3.
62. Hauser C, Prins C, Lacour M. The role of infectious agents in atopic dermatitis. In: Leung DYM, editor. Atopic dermatitis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Austin (TX): R G Landes Company; 1996. p. 67-112.
63. Williams REA, Gibson AG, Aitchison TC, et al. Assessment of a contact plate sampling technique and subsequent quantitative bacterial studies in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1990;123:493-501.
64. Broberg A, Faergemann J, Johansson S, et al. Pityrosporon ovale and atopic dermatitis in children and young adults. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1992;72:187-92.
65. Savolainen J, Lamminuausta K, Kalimo K, et al. Candida albicans and atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 1993;23:332-9.
66. Braunstein WB, Deuell B, Platts-Mills TAE. Atopic dermatitis associated with dermatophyte infection and Triehophyton hypersensitivity. Cutis 1993;51:191-2.
67. Przybilla B, Ring J. Food allergy and atopic eczema. Semin Dermatol 1990;9:220-5.
68. Koblenzer, CS. Itching and the atopic skin. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(suppl.):S109-13.
69. Crossen JR. Psychological assessment and treatment of patients with atopie dermatitis. Dermatologic Therapy 1996;1:94-103.
70. Gianetti A, Girolomoni G. Skin reactivity to neuropeptides in atopie dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1989;121:681-8.
71. Steiger T, Borelli S. Significance of climatic factors in the treatment of atopic eczema. In: Ruzieka T, Ring J, Przybilla B, editors. Handbook of atopic eczema. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1991. p. 415-28.
72. Kemmett D, Tidman MJ. The influence of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy on atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1993;125:59-61.
73. Heyer G, Vogelgsang M, Hornstein OP. Acetylcholine is an inducer of itching in patients with atopic eczema. J Dermatol 1997;24:621-5.
74. Lippert U, Hoer A, Moller A, Ramboer I, et al. Role of antigen-induced cytokine release in atopic pruritus. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1998;116:36-9.
75. Georgala S, Schulpis KH, Papaconsstantinou ED, Stratigos J. Raised beta-endorphin serum levels in children with atopic dermatitis and pruritus. J Dermatol Sci 1994;8:125-8.
76. Wahlgren CF, Tengvall Linder M, Hagermark O, Scheynius A. Itch and inflammation induced by intradermally injected IL-2 in atopic dermatitis patients and healthy subjects. Arch Dermatol Res 1995;287:572-80.
77. Sowden JM, Berth-Jones J, Ross JS, et al. Double-blind, controlled, crossover study of cyclosporin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis, Lancet 1991;338:137-40.
78. Fleischer Jr, AB. Treatment of atopic dermatitis: role of tacrolimus ointment as a topical noncorticosteriodal therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104(suppl.):S126-30.
79. Krutmann J. Phototherapy for atopic dermatitis. Dermatologic Therapy 1996;1:24-31.
80. Carucci JA, Washenik K, Weinstein A, et al. The antileucotriene antagonist zafirlukast as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:785-8.
81. Monroe EW. Efficacy and safety of nalmefene in patients with severe pruritus caused by chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:135-6.
82. Moore C, Mohammad SE, Junpraseert J, Sorenson RU. Topical sodium cromoglycate in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1998;81:452-8.
83. Rustin MHA, Poulter L. Chinese herbal therapy in atopic dermatitis. Dermatologic Therapy 1996;1:83-93.
84. Ackerman AB. Confusing terms. In: AB Ackerman, editor. Histologic diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1978. p. 75.
85. Hanifin JM. Atopic dermatitis in infants and children. Pediatr Clin North Am 1991;38:763-89.
86. Kissling S, Wuthrich B. Sites, types of manifestations and micro-manifestations of atopic dermatitis in young adults: a personal follow-up 20 years after diagnosis in childhood. Hautarzt 1994;45:368-71.
87. Breit R. Neurodermatitis (Dermatitis atopica) im Kindesalter. Z Hautkr 1997;2(suppl):72-82.
88. Burton JL, Rook A, Wilkinson DS. Eczema, lichen simplex, erythroderma and prurigo. In: Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, et al, editors. Textbook of dermatology. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publication; 1986. p. 367-418.
89. Schmunes E, Keil JE. Occupational dermatitis in South Carolina: a descriptive analysis of cost variables. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983;9:861-6.
90. Hogan D, Daker C, Maibach HI. Contact dermatitis: risk factors and rehabilitation. Semin Dermatol 1990;9:233-46.
91. Svensson A, Moiler H. Eyelid dermatitis: the role of atopy and contact allergy. Contact Dermatitis 1986;15:178-82.
92. Svensson A. Study IV. In: Kristianstad SA, editor. Diagnosis of atopic skin disease based on clinical criteria. Kristianstad, Sweden: Lund University Press; 1989. p. 68-71.
93. Beltrani, VS. The role of dust mites in atopic dermatitis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1997;17:431-41.
94. Tan BB, Weald D, Strickland I, et al. Double-blind controlled trial effect of house dust mite allergen avoidance on atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1996;347:15-8.
95. Svensson A. Xerosis and a history of dry skin. In: Svensson A, editor. Diagnosis of atopic skin disease based on clinical criteria. Kristianstad, Sweden: Lund University Press; 1989. p. 41-3.
96. Werner Y, Lindberg M. The water-binding capacity of stratum corneum in non-eczematous skin of atopic eczema. Acta Derm Venereol 1982;62:334-7.
97. Werner Y, Lindberg M. Transepidermal water loss in dry and clinically normal skin in patients with atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 1985;65:102-5.
98. Wirth H, Gloor M, Stoika D. Sebaceous glands in uninvolved skin of patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol es 1981;270:167-9.
99. Ely H. Human phenotypes; the atopic and seborrheic: Part II. Cutis 1997;59:13-8.
100. Uehara M, Sawai T. A longitudinal study of contact sensitivity in patients with atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:366-8.
101. Ely H. Human phenotypes: the atopic and seborrheic: Part III. Cutis 1997;59:67-74.
102. Ebling FJG, Marks R, Rook A. Disorders of keratinization. In: Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, Champion RH, Burton JL, editors. Textbook of dermatology. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1986. p. 1435-6.
103. Svensson A. A diagnostic tool for atopic dermatitis based on clinical criteria. Acta Derm Venereol 1985;114:52-7.
104. Morgan DB. A suggestive sign of allergy. Arch Dermatol Syphol 1948;57:1050-3.
105. Hurlbut WB, Domonkos AN. Cataract and retinal detachment associated with AD. Arch Ophthalmol 1954;52:852-7.
106. Garrity JA, Liesegang TJ. Ocular complications of atopic dermatitis. Can J Ophthalmol 1984;19:21-4.
107. Rich LF, Hanifin JM. Ocular complications of AD, and other eczemas. Int Ophthalmol Clin 1985;25:61-76.
108. Whitfield A. On the white reaction in dermatology. Br J Dermatol 1938;50:71-6.
109. Uehara M, Ofuji S. Abnormal vascular reactions in atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 1977;113:627-9.
110. Aizawa H, Tagami H. Inability to produce white dermographism in the early stage of infantile eczema. Pediatr Dermatol 1989;6:6-9.
111. Svensson A. A diagnostic tool for atopic dermatitis based on clinical criteria. Acta Derm Venereol 1985;114:33-40.
112. Ely H. Human phenotypes, the atopic and seborrheic: part III. Cutis 1997;59:67-73.
113. Sulzberger MB, Herrmann F. Pathogenesis and characteristics of disturbances in the delivery of sweat. In: Sulzberger MB, Herrmann F, editors. The clinical significance of disturbances in the delivery of sweat. Springfield, Ill: American Lecture Series, Charles C Thomas; 1954. p. 113-5.
114. Musgrove K, Morgan JK. Infantile eczema. Br J Dermatol 1976;95:365-72.
115. Rajka G. The clinical aspects of atopic dermatitis. In: Rajka G, editor. Atopic dermatitis: major problems in dermatology, vol 3. London: W B Saunders Co Ltd; 1975. p. 4-39.
116. Wuthrich B. Epidemiology and natural history of atopic dermatitis. Allergy Clin Immunol Int 1996;8:77-82.