메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 53, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 339-351

Application of valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy and plasmon energy mapping for determining material properties at the nanoscale

Author keywords

Material properties; Nanoparticles; Plasmons; VEELS EFTEM

Indexed keywords

HEAVY METAL;

EID: 9944237482     PISSN: 00220744     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfh044     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (34)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0010266990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopy and scanning microanalysis
    • ed. Meyers R A, Wiley & Sons, Chichester
    • Oleshko V, Gijbels R, and Amelinckx S (2000) Electron microscopy and scanning microanalysis. In: Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, ed. Meyers R A, pp. 9088-9120, (Wiley & Sons, Chichester).
    • (2000) Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry , pp. 9088-9120
    • Oleshko, V.1    Gijbels, R.2    Amelinckx, S.3
  • 2
    • 84976541049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron energy loss spectroscopy imaging
    • eds Amelinckx S, van Dyck D, van Landuyt J, and van Tendeloo G, VCH, Weinheim
    • Colliex C (1997) Electron energy loss spectroscopy imaging. In: Handbook of Microscopy, eds Amelinckx S, van Dyck D, van Landuyt J, and van Tendeloo G, pp. 425-445, (VCH, Weinheim).
    • (1997) Handbook of Microscopy , pp. 425-445
    • Colliex, C.1
  • 4
    • 0004169696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanomaterials for nanoscience and nanotechnology. Transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy of nanoparticles
    • ed. Wang Z, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
    • Wang Z L (2000) Nanomaterials for nanoscience and nanotechnology. Transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy of nanoparticles. In: Characterization of Nanophase Materials, ed. Wang Z, pp. 1-11, 37-80, (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim).
    • (2000) Characterization of Nanophase Materials , pp. 1-11
    • Wang, Z.L.1
  • 6
    • 0038502000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the dielectric properties near the band gap by VEELS gap measurement in bulk materials
    • Schamm S and Zanchi G (2003) Study of the dielectric properties near the band gap by VEELS gap measurement in bulk materials. Ultramicroscopy 96: 559-564.
    • (2003) Ultramicroscopy , vol.96 , pp. 559-564
    • Schamm, S.1    Zanchi, G.2
  • 8
    • 0038556700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electronic, dielectric and optical properties of individual composite tabular AgX emulsion microcrystals using cryo-EELS and LMTO-ASA techniques
    • Oleshko V, Amkreutz M, and Overhof H (2003) Electronic, dielectric and optical properties of individual composite tabular AgX emulsion microcrystals using cryo-EELS and LMTO-ASA techniques. Phys. Rev B. 67: 115409-1-7.
    • (2003) Phys. Rev B. , vol.67 , pp. 1154091-1154097
    • Oleshko, V.1    Amkreutz, M.2    Overhof, H.3
  • 9
    • 0032647682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmons at shock fronts
    • Gilman J J (1999) Plasmons at shock fronts. Phil. Mag. B 79: 643-654.
    • (1999) Phil. Mag. B , vol.79 , pp. 643-654
    • Gilman, J.J.1
  • 10
    • 0036692365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of plasmon spectroscopy to evaluate ihe mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale
    • Oleshko V P, Murayama M, and Howe J M (2002) Use of plasmon spectroscopy to evaluate ihe mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale. Microsc. Microanal. 8: 350-364.
    • (2002) Microsc. Microanal. , vol.8 , pp. 350-364
    • Oleshko, V.P.1    Murayama, M.2    Howe, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 0006413457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent correlation between electron energy loss spectra and mechanical properties of carbon fibers
    • Mothioux M, Soutric F, and Serin V (1997) Recurrent correlation between electron energy loss spectra and mechanical properties of carbon fibers. Carbon 35: 1660-1664.
    • (1997) Carbon , vol.35 , pp. 1660-1664
    • Mothioux, M.1    Soutric, F.2    Serin, V.3
  • 13
    • 0036532385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmon as a tool for in situ evaluation of physical properties for carbon materials
    • Laffont L, Monthioux M, and Serin V (2002) Plasmon as a tool for in situ evaluation of physical properties for carbon materials. Carbon 40: 767-780.
    • (2002) Carbon , vol.40 , pp. 767-780
    • Laffont, L.1    Monthioux, M.2    Serin, V.3
  • 14
    • 0041419593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy as a tool for in situ diagnostics of materials properties
    • Oleshko V P and Howe J M (2003) Valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy as a tool for in situ diagnostics of materials properties. Microsc. Microanal. 9 [Suppl. 2]: 918-919.
    • (2003) Microsc. Microanal. , vol.9 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 918-919
    • Oleshko, V.P.1    Howe, J.M.2
  • 15
    • 9944233225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solid-state-property-bonding electron density-volume plasmon energy scaling relationships: Novel AEM technique for in situ diagnostics of materials properties at the nanoscale
    • Materials Research Society, Warrendale
    • Oleshko V P and Howe J M (2004) Solid-state-property-bonding electron density-volume plasmon energy scaling relationships: novel AEM technique for in situ diagnostics of materials properties at the nanoscale. In: Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Q: Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials and Composites, vol. 791, pp. Q9.5.1-7, (Materials Research Society, Warrendale; http://www.mrs.org/members/proceedings/fall2003/q/Q9_5.pdf).
    • (2004) Proc. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Q: Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials and Composites , vol.791
    • Oleshko, V.P.1    Howe, J.M.2
  • 17
    • 0037825643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative valence plasmon mapping in the TEM: Viewing physical properties at the nanoscale
    • Daniels H R, Brydson R, Brown A, and Rand B (2003) Quantitative valence plasmon mapping in the TEM: viewing physical properties at the nanoscale. Ultramicroscopy 96: 547-558.
    • (2003) Ultramicroscopy , vol.96 , pp. 547-558
    • Daniels, H.R.1    Brydson, R.2    Brown, A.3    Rand, B.4
  • 19
    • 0042216320 scopus 로고
    • Exciton and plasmon in insulating crystals
    • Horie C (1959) Exciton and plasmon in insulating crystals. Prog. Theor. Phys. 21: 113-134.
    • (1959) Prog. Theor. Phys. , vol.21 , pp. 113-134
    • Horie, C.1
  • 20
    • 36149015773 scopus 로고
    • Collective energy losses in solids
    • Pines D (1956) Collective energy losses in solids. Rev. Mod. Phys. 28: 184-198.
    • (1956) Rev. Mod. Phys. , vol.28 , pp. 184-198
    • Pines, D.1
  • 21
    • 0037043685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-angstrom resolution using aberration corrected electron optics
    • Batson P E, Dellby N, and Krivanek O L (2002) Sub-angstrom resolution using aberration corrected electron optics. Nature 418: 617-620.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 617-620
    • Batson, P.E.1    Dellby, N.2    Krivanek, O.L.3
  • 22
    • 0021597247 scopus 로고
    • Electron energy loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope
    • eds Barer R and Cosslett V E, Academic Press, London
    • Colliex C (1984) Electron energy loss spectroscopy in the electron microscope. In: Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy, eds Barer R and Cosslett V E, p. 90, (Academic Press, London).
    • (1984) Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy , pp. 90
    • Colliex, C.1
  • 24
    • 0001753062 scopus 로고
    • Universal features of the universal equation of states of metals
    • Rose J H, Smith J R, Guinea F, and Ferrante J (1984) Universal features of the universal equation of states of metals. J. Phys. Rev. 29: 2963-2969.
    • (1984) J. Phys. Rev. , vol.29 , pp. 2963-2969
    • Rose, J.H.1    Smith, J.R.2    Guinea, F.3    Ferrante, J.4
  • 25
    • 0001526041 scopus 로고
    • Origins of the universal binding-energy relation
    • Banerjea A and Smith J R (1988) Origins of the universal binding-energy relation. J. Phys. Rev. 37: 6632-6645.
    • (1988) J. Phys. Rev. , vol.37 , pp. 6632-6645
    • Banerjea, A.1    Smith, J.R.2
  • 26
    • 0038336099 scopus 로고
    • Global expressions for presenting diatomic potential-energy curves
    • Ferranic J, Schlosser H, and Smith J R (1991) Global expressions for presenting diatomic potential-energy curves. Phys. Rev. B 43: 3487-3494.
    • (1991) Phys. Rev. B , vol.43 , pp. 3487-3494
    • Ferranic, J.1    Schlosser, H.2    Smith, J.R.3
  • 29
    • 0017945862 scopus 로고
    • Surface tension and electron density of pure liquid metals
    • Miedema A R and Boom R (1978) Surface tension and electron density of pure liquid metals. Z. Metallkunde 69: 183-190.
    • (1978) Z. Metallkunde , vol.69 , pp. 183-190
    • Miedema, A.R.1    Boom, R.2
  • 35
    • 0015082914 scopus 로고
    • Bulk stiffness of metals
    • Gilman J J (1972) Bulk stiffness of metals. Mater. Sci. Eng. 7: 357-367.
    • (1972) Mater. Sci. Eng. , vol.7 , pp. 357-367
    • Gilman, J.J.1
  • 38
    • 0001720486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasmons in layered nanospheres and nanotubes investigated by spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy
    • Kociak M, Henrard L, Stephan O, Suenaga K, and Colliex C (2000) Plasmons in layered nanospheres and nanotubes investigated by spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 61: 13936-13944.
    • (2000) Phys. Rev. B , vol.61 , pp. 13936-13944
    • Kociak, M.1    Henrard, L.2    Stephan, O.3    Suenaga, K.4    Colliex, C.5
  • 40
    • 0026337816 scopus 로고
    • Real-space determination of anisotropic electronic structure by electron energy-loss spectroscopy
    • Browning N D, Yuan J, and Brown LM (1991) Real-space determination of anisotropic electronic structure by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 38: 291-298.
    • (1991) Ultramicroscopy , vol.38 , pp. 291-298
    • Browning, N.D.1    Yuan, J.2    Brown, L.M.3
  • 41
    • 0003748653 scopus 로고
    • EELS analysis of the electronic structure and microstructure of metals
    • eds Disko M M, Ahn C C, and Fultz B, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale
    • Okamoto J K, Pearson D H, Ahn C C, and Fultz B (1992) EELS analysis of the electronic structure and microstructure of metals. In: Transmission Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry in Materials Science, eds Disko M M, Ahn C C, and Fultz B, pp. 183-216, (Minerals, Metals and Materials Society, Warrendale).
    • (1992) Transmission Electron Energy Loss Spectrometry in Materials Science , pp. 183-216
    • Okamoto, J.K.1    Pearson, D.H.2    Ahn, C.C.3    Fultz, B.4
  • 43
    • 0041740620 scopus 로고
    • Sputter deposition of dense diamond-like carbon films at low temperature
    • Cuomo J J, Doyle J R Bruley J, and Liu J C (1991) Sputter deposition of dense diamond-like carbon films at low temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 58: 466-468.
    • (1991) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.58 , pp. 466-468
    • Cuomo, J.J.1    Doyle, J.R.2    Bruley, J.3    Liu, J.C.4
  • 45
    • 0001664227 scopus 로고
    • Structure and electronic properties of diamond-like carbon
    • eds Clausing R E, Horton L L, Angus J C, and Koidl P, Plenum, New York
    • Robertson J (1991) Structure and electronic properties of diamond-like carbon. In: Diamond and Diamond-Like Films and Coatings, eds Clausing R E, Horton L L, Angus J C, and Koidl P, pp. 331-334, (Plenum, New York).
    • (1991) Diamond and Diamond-Like Films and Coatings , pp. 331-334
    • Robertson, J.1
  • 46
    • 0000108265 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of chemical-vapour-deposited diamond grain boundaries using transmission electron microscopy and parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope
    • Fallon P J and Brown L M (1993) Analysis of chemical-vapour-deposited diamond grain boundaries using transmission electron microscopy and parallel electron energy loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Diamond Rel. Mater. 2: 1004-1011.
    • (1993) Diamond Rel. Mater. , vol.2 , pp. 1004-1011
    • Fallon, P.J.1    Brown, L.M.2
  • 48
    • 84975627587 scopus 로고
    • Size and shape effects on the broadening of the plasma resonance absorption in metals
    • Ruppin R and Yatom H (1976) Size and shape effects on the broadening of the plasma resonance absorption in metals. Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 74: 647-654.
    • (1976) Phys. Stat. Sol. (B) , vol.74 , pp. 647-654
    • Ruppin, R.1    Yatom, H.2
  • 49
    • 0345501539 scopus 로고
    • Plasmon frequencies of small metal spheres
    • Ruppin R (1978) Plasmon frequencies of small metal spheres. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 39: 233-237.
    • (1978) J. Phys. Chem. Solids , vol.39 , pp. 233-237
    • Ruppin, R.1
  • 50
    • 0001383371 scopus 로고
    • Plasma oscillations excited by a fast electron in a metallic particle
    • Fujimoto F and Komaki K (1968) Plasma oscillations excited by a fast electron in a metallic particle. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 25: 1679-1687.
    • (1968) J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. , vol.25 , pp. 1679-1687
    • Fujimoto, F.1    Komaki, K.2
  • 51
    • 0030158159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valence electron excitations and plasmon oscillations in thin films, surfaces, interfaces and small particles
    • Wang Z L (1996) Valence electron excitations and plasmon oscillations in thin films, surfaces, interfaces and small particles. Micron 96: 265-299.
    • (1996) Micron , vol.96 , pp. 265-299
    • Wang, Z.L.1
  • 53
    • 0019010774 scopus 로고
    • Damping of bulk plasmons in small Al spheres
    • Batson P E (1980) Damping of bulk plasmons in small Al spheres. Solid State Comm. 34: 477-480.
    • (1980) Solid State Comm. , vol.34 , pp. 477-480
    • Batson, P.E.1
  • 54
    • 0022564609 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of small metallic clusters by electron energy-loss spectroscopy Scann
    • Acheche M, Colliex C, and Trebbia P (1986) Characterization of small metallic clusters by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Scann. Electron Microsc. 1: 25-32.
    • (1986) Electron Microsc. , vol.1 , pp. 25-32
    • Acheche, M.1    Colliex, C.2    Trebbia, P.3
  • 55
    • 0345377534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure of germanium nanoparticlcs prepared by evaporation method
    • Yamada S (2003) Structure of germanium nanoparticlcs prepared by evaporation method. J. Appl. Phys. 94: 6818-6821.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.94 , pp. 6818-6821
    • Yamada, S.1
  • 56
    • 0000503294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Particle size dependence of the volume plasmon energy in cadmium sulphide quantum dots by electron energy loss spectroscopy
    • Nakashima P N H, Tsuzuki T, and Johnson A W S (1999) Particle size dependence of the volume plasmon energy in cadmium sulphide quantum dots by electron energy loss spectroscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 85: 1556-1559.
    • (1999) J. Appl. Phys. , vol.85 , pp. 1556-1559
    • Nakashima, P.N.H.1    Tsuzuki, T.2    Johnson, A.W.S.3
  • 57
    • 0026244994 scopus 로고
    • Electron energy-loss spectrum imaging
    • Hunt J A and Williams D B (1991) Electron energy-loss spectrum imaging. Ultramicroscopy 38: 67-82.
    • (1991) Ultramicroscopy , vol.38 , pp. 67-82
    • Hunt, J.A.1    Williams, D.B.2
  • 58
    • 0017048805 scopus 로고
    • High resolution microanalysis in materials science using electron energy loss measurements
    • Williams D B and Edington J W (1976) High resolution microanalysis in materials science using electron energy loss measurements. J. Microsc. 108: 113-145.
    • (1976) J. Microsc. , vol.108 , pp. 113-145
    • Williams, D.B.1    Edington, J.W.2
  • 60
    • 0006475730 scopus 로고
    • The Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and rigidity modulus of some aluminum alloys
    • Dudzinsky N (1952) The Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and rigidity modulus of some aluminum alloys. J. Inst. Metals 81: 49-55.
    • (1952) J. Inst. Metals , vol.81 , pp. 49-55
    • Dudzinsky, N.1
  • 61
    • 0030783714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of EELS near edge structures to study the bonding character in intermetallic alloys
    • Botton G A and Humphreys C J (1997) Analysis of EELS near edge structures to study the bonding character in intermetallic alloys. Micron 28: 313-319.
    • (1997) Micron , vol.28 , pp. 313-319
    • Botton, G.A.1    Humphreys, C.J.2
  • 62
    • 0001306519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and theoretical study of the electronic structure of Fe, Co and Ni aluminides with the B2 structure
    • Botton G A, Guo G Y, Temmermann W M, and Humphreys C J (1996) Experimental and theoretical study of the electronic structure of Fe, Co and Ni aluminides with the B2 structure. Phys. Rev. B 54: 1682-1691.
    • (1996) Phys. Rev. B , vol.54 , pp. 1682-1691
    • Botton, G.A.1    Guo, G.Y.2    Temmermann, W.M.3    Humphreys, C.J.4
  • 63
    • 0020289694 scopus 로고
    • Plasmon approach to the band gap of alkali halides
    • Srivastava V K (1982) Plasmon approach to the band gap of alkali halides. Phys. Stat. Sol. (b) 114: 667-671.
    • (1982) Phys. Stat. Sol. (B) , vol.114 , pp. 667-671
    • Srivastava, V.K.1
  • 64
    • 0032007491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ high-resolution electron spectroscopic imaging of precipitate growth in an Al-Ag Alloy
    • Csontos A A, Tsai M M, and Howe J M (1998) In situ high-resolution electron spectroscopic imaging of precipitate growth in an Al-Ag Alloy. Micron 29: 73-83.
    • (1998) Micron , vol.29 , pp. 73-83
    • Csontos, A.A.1    Tsai, M.M.2    Howe, J.M.3
  • 65
    • 0037825707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization in elastic and inelastic scattering
    • Lupini A R and Pcnnycook S J (2003) Localization in elastic and inelastic scattering. Ultramicroscopy 96: 313-322.
    • (2003) Ultramicroscopy , vol.96 , pp. 313-322
    • Lupini, A.R.1    Pcnnycook, S.J.2
  • 66
    • 0038502004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Materials science applications of HREELS in near edge structure analysis and low-energy loss spectroscopy
    • Lazar S, Botton G A, Wu M-Y, Tichelaar F D, and Zandbergen H W (2003) Materials science applications of HREELS in near edge structure analysis and low-energy loss spectroscopy. Ultramicroscopy 96: 535-546.
    • (2003) Ultramicroscopy , vol.96 , pp. 535-546
    • Lazar, S.1    Botton, G.A.2    Wu, M.-Y.3    Tichelaar, F.D.4    Zandbergen, H.W.5
  • 67
    • 0037488183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberration correction results in the IBM STEM instrument
    • Batson P E (2003) Aberration correction results in the IBM STEM instrument. Ultramicroscopy 96: 239-249.
    • (2003) Ultramicroscopy , vol.96 , pp. 239-249
    • Batson, P.E.1
  • 68
    • 2042427910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution transmission electron microscopy using negative spherical aberration
    • Jia C-L, Lentzen M, and Urban K (2004) High-resolution transmission electron microscopy using negative spherical aberration. Microsc. Microanal. 10: 174-184.
    • (2004) Microsc. Microanal. , vol.10 , pp. 174-184
    • Jia, C.-L.1    Lentzen, M.2    Urban, K.3
  • 69
    • 2042424742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spherical aberration correction in tandem with exit-plane wave function reconstruction: Interlocking tools for the atomic scale imaging of lattice defects in GaAs
    • Tillmann K, Thust A, and Urban K (2004) Spherical aberration correction in tandem with exit-plane wave function reconstruction: interlocking tools for the atomic scale imaging of lattice defects in GaAs. Microsc. Microanal. 10: 185-198.
    • (2004) Microsc. Microanal. , vol.10 , pp. 185-198
    • Tillmann, K.1    Thust, A.2    Urban, K.3
  • 70
    • 0141941110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New techniques in electron energy-loss spectroscopy and energy-filtered imaging
    • Egerton R F (2003) New techniques in electron energy-loss spectroscopy and energy-filtered imaging. Micron 34: 127-139.
    • (2003) Micron , vol.34 , pp. 127-139
    • Egerton, R.F.1
  • 71
    • 0030871738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of lens aberrations on the spatial resolution of an energy-filtered TEM image
    • Egerton R F and Crozier P A (1997) The effect of lens aberrations on the spatial resolution of an energy-filtered TEM image. Micron 28: 117-124.
    • (1997) Micron , vol.28 , pp. 117-124
    • Egerton, R.F.1    Crozier, P.A.2
  • 72
    • 0029121538 scopus 로고
    • Delocalisation in inelastic scattering
    • Muller D A and Silcox J (1995) Delocalisation in inelastic scattering. Ultramicroscopy 59: 195-213.
    • (1995) Ultramicroscopy , vol.59 , pp. 195-213
    • Muller, D.A.1    Silcox, J.2
  • 73
    • 0037825652 scopus 로고
    • Energy-filtering TEM at high magnification: Spatial resolution and detection limits
    • Grogger W, Schaffer B, Krishnan K, and Hofer F (1993) Energy-filtering TEM at high magnification: spatial resolution and detection limits. Ultramicroscopy 96: 481-489.
    • (1993) Ultramicroscopy , vol.96 , pp. 481-489
    • Grogger, W.1    Schaffer, B.2    Krishnan, K.3    Hofer, F.4
  • 74
    • 0031171334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lattice imaging using plasmon energy-loss electrons in an energy-filtered transmission electron microscope
    • Wang Z L (1997) Lattice imaging using plasmon energy-loss electrons in an energy-filtered transmission electron microscope. Ultramicroscopy 67: 105-111.
    • (1997) Ultramicroscopy , vol.67 , pp. 105-111
    • Wang, Z.L.1
  • 75
    • 0023827822 scopus 로고
    • Hydrogen embrittlement of α-titanium: In situ TEM studies
    • Shih D S, Robertson I M, and Birnbaum H K (1988) Hydrogen embrittlement of α-titanium: in situ TEM studies. Acta Metall. 36: 111-124.
    • (1988) Acta Metall. , vol.36 , pp. 111-124
    • Shih, D.S.1    Robertson, I.M.2    Birnbaum, H.K.3
  • 76
    • 0030382674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elastic moduli of titanium-hydrogen alloys in the temperature range 20°C to 1100°C
    • Senkov O N, Dubois M, and Jonas J J (1996) Elastic moduli of titanium-hydrogen alloys in the temperature range 20°C to 1100°C. Metal. Mat. Trans. 27A: 3963-3975.
    • (1996) Metal. Mat. Trans. , vol.27 A , pp. 3963-3975
    • Senkov, O.N.1    Dubois, M.2    Jonas, J.J.3
  • 77
    • 0031702364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between atomistic bonding and intrinsic macroscopic hardness
    • eds Kumar A, Chung Y-W, and Chia R W J, Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale
    • Krenn C R and Morris J W, Jr (1998) Relationships between atomistic bonding and intrinsic macroscopic hardness. In: Hard Coatings on Borides, Carbides and Nitrides, eds Kumar A, Chung Y-W, and Chia R W J, pp. 379-388, (Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale).
    • (1998) Hard Coatings on Borides. Carbides and Nitrides , pp. 379-388
    • Krenn, C.R.1    Morris Jr., J.W.2
  • 78
    • 0002526535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical and physical hardness
    • Gilman J J (1997) Chemical and physical hardness. Mat. Res. Innovat. 1: 71-76.
    • (1997) Mat. Res. Innovat. , vol.1 , pp. 71-76
    • Gilman, J.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.