A review of non-driving-related tasks used in studies on automated driving

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volumn 597, Issue , 2018, Pages 525-537

  Naujoks, Frederik ^a   Befelein, Dennis ^a   Wiedemann, Katharina ^b   Neukum, Alexandra ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^b WIVW Center for Traffic Science   (Germany)

Author keywords

Automated driving; Non driving related tasks; Takeover situations

Indexed keywords

HUMAN ENGINEERING;

AUTOMATED DRIVING; CLASSIFICATION AND EVALUATIONS; DRIVER PERFORMANCE; NON-DRIVING-RELATED TASKS; SUSTAINED ATTENTION; TAKEOVER PROCESS; TAKEOVER SITUATIONS; TRAFFIC CONDITIONS;

AUTOMATION;

EID: 85022328081     PISSN: 21945357     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60441-1_52     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (104)

1. Stutts, J.C., Reinfurt, D.W., Staplin, L., Rodgman, E.A.: The Role of Driver Distraction in Traffic Crashes. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington (2001)
2. Gordon, C.: Driver distraction: an initial examination of the ‘attention diverted by’ contributory factor codes from crash reports and focus group research on perceived risks. 2005 IPENZ Conference, Auckland (2005)
3. Glaze, A.L., Ellis, J.M.: Pilot Study of Distracted Drivers. Transportation and Safety Training Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond (2003)
4. Huemer, A.K., Vollrath, M.: Ablenkung durch fahrfremde Tätigkeiten-Machbarkeitsstudie. Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen, Bergisch Gladbach (2012)
5. Schoemig, N., Schoch, S., Neukum, A., Schumacher, M., Wandtner, B.: Simulatorstudien zur Ablenkungswirkung fahrfremder Tätigkeiten. Bundesanstalt für Strassenwesen, Bergisch Gladbach (2015)
6. Klauer, S.G., Dingus, T.A., Neale, V.L., Sudweeks, J.D., Ramsey, D.J.: The Impact of Driver Inattention on Near-Crash/Crash Risk: An Analysis Using the 100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Data. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington (2006)
7. Olson, R.L., Hanowski, R.J., Hickman, J.S., Bocanegra, J.L.: Driver Distraction in Commercial Vehicle Operations. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg (2009)
8. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Visual-Manual NHTSA Driver Distraction Guidelines for In-Vehicle Electronic Devices. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC (2012)
9. Spiessl, W., Hussmann, H.: Assessing error recognition in automated driving. IET Intell. Transp. Syst. 5, 103-111 (2011)
10. Wickens, C.D.: The structure of attentional resources. In: Nickerson, R.S. (ed.) Attention and Performance VIII, pp. 239-257. Taylor & Francis, New York (1980)
11. May, J.F., Baldwin, C.L.: Driver fatigue: the importance of identifying causal factors of fatigue when considering detection and countermeasure technologies. Trans. Res. F.-Traffic 12, 218-224 (2009)
12. Toffetti, A., Wilschut, E., Martens, M., Schieben, A., Rambaldini, A., Merat, N., Flemish, F.: CityMobil: human factor issues regarding highly automated vehicles on eLane. Transp. Res. Rec. 2110, 1-8 (2009)
13. Flemisch, F., Griesche, S., Heesen, M., Kaussner, A., Niemann, J., Petermann, I., Schieben, A., Schoemig, N.: Highly automated vehicles for intelligent transport: Validation of preliminary design of HAVEit systems by simulator tests. Technical report, HAVEit Consortium (2010)
14. Carsten, O., Lai, F., Barnard, A., Merat, N., Jamson, A.: Control task substitution in semi-automated driving: does it matter what aspects are automated? Hum. Factors 54, 747-761 (2012)
15. Llaneras, R.E., Salinger, J., Green, C.A.: Human factors issues associated with limited ability autonomous driving systems: drivers’ allocation of visual attention to the forward roadway. In: 7th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, pp. 92-98. University of Iowa, Iowa City (2013)
16. Jamson, A.H., Merat, N., Carsten, O.M., Lai, F.C.: Behavioural changes in drivers experiencing highly-automated vehicle control in varying traffic conditions. Trans. Res. C.-Emerg. 30, 116-125 (2013)
17. Helldin, T., Falkman, G., Riveiro, M., Davidsson, S.: Presenting system uncertainty in automotive UIs for supporting trust calibration in autonomous driving. In: 5th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, pp. 210-217. ACM, New York (2013)
18. Dogan, E., Deborne, R., Delhomme, P., Kemeny, A., Jonville, P.: Evaluating the shift of control between driver and vehicle at high automation at low speed: the role of anticipation. In: 5th Transport Research Arena (TRA) Conference, Paris (2014)
19. Melcher, V., Rauh, S., Diederichs, F., Widlroither, H., Bauer, W.: Take-over requests for automated driving. Proced. Manuf. 3, 2867-2873 (2015)
20. Naujoks, F., Mai, C., Neukum, A.: The effect of urgency of take-over requests during highly automated driving under distraction conditions. In: Ahram, T., Karowski, W., Marek, T. (eds.) In: 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, vol. 7, pp. 2099-2106. AHFE Conference, Krakau (2014)
21. Schwalk, M., Kalogerakis, N., Maier, T.: Driver support by a vibrotactile seat matrix-Recognition, adequacy and workload of tactile patterns in take-over scenarios during automated driving. Proced. Manuf. 3, 2466-2473 (2015)
22. Diederichs, F., Bischoff, S., Widlroither, H., Reilhac, P., Hottelart, K., Moizard, J.: Smartphone integration and SAE level 3 car automation: a new cockpit concept and its evaluation in a car simulator. In: VDI (ed.) Der Fahrer im 21. Jahrhundert, pp. 63-78. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf (2015)
23. Naujoks, F., Purucker, C., Neukum, A.: Secondary task engagement and vehicle automation-Comparing the effects of different automation levels in an on-road experiment. Trans. Res. F.-Traffic 38, 67-82 (2016)
24. Tijerina, L., Johnston, S., Parmer, E., Pham, H., Winterbottom, M., Barickman, F.: Preliminary Studies in Haptic Displays for Rear-End Collision Avoidance System and Adaptive Cruise Control Applications. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington (2000)
25. Petermann-Stock, I., Hackenberg, L., Muhr, T., Mergl, C.: Wie lange braucht der Fahrer-eine Analyse zu Übernahmezeiten aus verschiedenen Nebentätigkeiten während einer hochautomatisierten Staufahrt.6. Tagung Fahrerassistenzsysteme-der Weg zum automatischen Fahren. TU München, München (2013)
26. Neubauer, C., Matthews, G., Saxby, D.: Fatigue in the automated vehicle-do games and conversation distract or energize the driver? Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 58, 2053-2057 (2014)
27. Rudin-Brown, C.M., Parker, H.A.: Behavioural adaptation to adaptive cruise control (ACC): implications for preventive strategies. Trans. Res. F.-Traffic 7, 59-76 (2004)
28. Louw, T., Merat, N., Jamson, H.: Engaging with highly automated driving: To be or not to be in the loop? In: 8th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, Salt Lake City (2015)
29. Seppelt, B.D., Lees, M.N., Lee, J.D.: Driver distraction and reliance: adaptive cruise control in the context of sensor reliability and algorithm limits. In: Third International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, Rockport (2005)
30. van den Beukel, A.P., van der Voort, M.C.: The influence of time-criticality on situation Awareness when retrieving human control after automated driving. In: 16th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), The Hague (2013)
31. Politis, I., Brewster, S., Pollick, F.: Language-based multimodal displays for the handover of control in autonomous cars. In: Burnett, G., Gabbard, J., Green, P., Osswald, S., Eren, A., Antrobus, V. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, pp. 3-10. ACM, New York (2015)
32. Blommer, M., Curry, R., Kochhar, D., Swaminathan, R., Talamonti, W., Tijerina, L.: The effects of a scheduled driver engagement strategy in automated driving. Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 59, 1681-1685 (2015)
33. Ma, R., Kaber, D.B.: Situation awareness and workload in driving while using adaptive cruise control and a cell phone. Int. J. Ind. Ergon. 35, 939-953 (2005)
34. Zeeb, K., Buchner, A., Schrauf, M.: What determines the take-over time? An integrated model approach of driver take-over after automated driving. Accid. Anal. Prev. 78, 212-221 (2015)
35. Jamson, H., Merat, N., Carsten, O., Lai, F.: Fully-automated driving: the road to future vehicles. In: Sixth International Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design, Olympic Valley (2011)
36. Mok, B., Johns, M., Lee, K. J., Miller, D., Sirkin, D., Ive, P., Ju, W.: Emergency, automation off: unstructured transition timing for distracted drivers of automated vehicles. In: 18th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), Las Palmas (2015)
37. Walch, M., Lange, K., Baumann, M., Weber, M.: Autonomous driving: investigating the feasibility of car-driver handover assistance. In: Burnett, G., Gabbard, J., Green, P., Osswald, S., Eren, A., Antrobus, V. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, pp. 11-18. ACM, New York (2015)
38. Omae, M., Hashimoto, N., Sugamoto, T., Shimizu, H.: Measurement of driver’s reaction time to failure of steering controller during automatic driving. SAE J.-Rev. Automot. Eng. 26, 213-215 (2005)
39. Schaller, T., Schiehlen, J., Gradenegger, B.: Stauassistenz-Unterstützung des Fahrers in der Quer-und Längsführung: Systementwicklung und Kundenakzeptanz. 3th Conference on Driver Assistance, Munich (2008)
40. Damböck, D., Farid, M., Tönert, L., Bengler, K.: Übernahmezeiten beim hochautomatisierten Fahren. In: 5th Conference on Driver Assistance, Munich (2012)
41. Beggiato, M., Krems, J.F.: The evolution of mental model, trust and acceptance of adaptive cruise control in relation to initial information. Trans. Res. F.-Traffic 18, 47-57 (2013)
42. Vollrath, M., Schleicher, S., Gelau, C.: The influence of cruise control and adaptive cruise control on driving behaviour-a driving simulator study. Accid. Anal. Prev. 43, 1134-1139 (2011)
43. Stockert, S., Richardson, N.T., Lienkamp, M.: Driving in an increasingly automated world-approaches to improve the driver-automation interaction. Proced. Manuf. 3, 2889-2896 (2015)
44. Gold, C., Lorenz, L., Damböck, D., Bengler, K.: Partially automated driving as a fallback level of high automation. In: 6th Conference on Driver Assistance, Munich (2013)
45. Lorenz, L., Hergeth, S.: Einfluss der Nebenaufgabe auf die Überwachungsleistung beim teilautomatisierten Fahren. In: VDI (ed.) Der Fahrer im 21. Jahrhundert, pp. 159-173. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf (2015)
46. Lorenz, L., Kerschbaum, P., Schumann, J.: Designing take over scenarios for automated driving: how does augmented reality support the driver to get back into the loop? Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 58, 1681-1685 (2014)
47. Kerschbaum, P., Lorenz, L., Bengler, K.: Highly automated driving with a decoupled steering wheel. Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 58, 1686-1690 (2014)
48. Beller, J., Heesen, M., Vollrath, M.: Improving the driver-automation interaction an approach using automation uncertainty. Hum. Factors 55, 1130-1141 (2013)
49. Hergeth, S., Lorenz, L., Krems, J. F., Toenert, L.: Effects of take-over requests and cultural background on automation trust in highly automated driving. In: 8th International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training, and Vehicle Design, Salt Lake City (2015)
50. Körber, M., Weißgerber, T., Kalb, L., Blaschke, C., Farid, M.: Prediction of take-over time in highly automated driving by two psychometric tests. DYNA 82, 195-201 (2015)
51. Radlmayr, J., Gold, C., Lorenz, L., Farid, M., Bengler, K.: How traffic situations and non-driving related tasks affect the take-over quality in highly automated driving. Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 58, 2063-2067 (2014)
52. Merat, N., Jamson, A.H., Lai, F.C., Carsten, O.: Highly automated driving, secondary task performance, and driver state. Hum. Factors 54, 762-771 (2012)
53. Gold, C., Körber, M., Hohenberger, C., Lechner, D., Bengler, K.: Trust in automation-before and after the experience of take-over scenarios in a highly automated vehicle. Proced. Manuf. 3, 3025-3032 (2015)
54. Lin, T.W., Hwang, S.L., Green, P.A.: Effects of time-gap settings of adaptive cruise control (ACC) on driving performance and subjective acceptance in a bus driving simulator. Saf. Sci. 47, 620-625 (2009)
55. Lee, J., McGehee, D., Brown, T., Marshall, D.: Effects of adaptive cruise control and alert modality on driver performance. Transp. Res. Rec. 1980, 49-56 (2006)
56. Petermeijer, S.M., Abbink, D.A., de Winter, J.C.: Should drivers be operating within an automation-free bandwidth? Evaluating haptic steering support systems with different levels of authority. Hum. Factors 57, 5-20 (2015)
57. Stanton, N.A., Young, M., McCaulder, B.: Drive-by-wire: the case of driver workload and reclaiming control with adaptive cruise control. Saf. Sci. 27, 149-159 (1997)
58. Ho, A.W., Cummings, M.L.: Multiple alarms and driving situational awareness (No. HAL2005-01). MIT, Cambridge (2005)
59. Beggiato, M., Hartwich, F., Schleinitz, K., Krems, J., Othersen, I., Petermann-Stock, I.: What would drivers like to know during automated driving? Information needs at different levels of automation. In: 7th conference driver assistance, Munich (2015)
60. Körber, M., Cingel, A., Zimmermann, M., Bengler, K.: Vigilance decrement and passive fatigue caused by monotony in automated driving. Proced. Manuf. 3, 2403-2409 (2015)
61. Schömig, N., Hargutt, V., Neukum, A., Petermann-Stock, I., Othersen, I.: The interaction between highly automated driving and the development of drowsiness. Proced. Manuf. 3, 6652-6659 (2015)
62. Barr, L.C., Yang, C.Y.D., Hanowski, R.J., Olson, R.: An Assessment of Driver Drowsiness, Distraction, and Performance in a Naturalistic Setting. Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration, Washington, DC (2011)
63. Pal, N.R., Chuang, C.-Y., Ko, L.-W., Chao, C.-F., Jung, T.-P., Liang, S.-F., Lin, C.-T.: EEG-based subject-and session-independent drowsiness detection: an unsupervised approach. EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process. 2008, 1-11 (2008)
64. Kroes, S.: Detecting Boredom in Meetings. University of Twente, Enschede (2005)
65. Åkerstedt, T., Gillberg, M.: Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Int. J. Neurosci. 52, 29-37 (1990)
66. Briggs, G.F., Hole, G.J., Land, M.F.: Emotionally involving telephone conversations lead to driver error and visual tunnelling. Trans. Res. F.-Traffic 14, 313-323 (2011)
67. Ekman, P., Friesen, W.V.: Facial Action Coding System: A Technique for the Measurement of Facial Movement. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto (1977)
68. Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A.: Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 54, 1063-1070 (1988)
69. Jackson, S.A., Marsh, H.W.: Development and validation of a scale to measure optimal experience: The Flow State Scale. J. Sport Exerc. Psychol. 18, 17-35 (1996)
70. Mackworth, N.: The breakdown of vigilance during prolonged visual search. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 1, 6-21 (1948)
71. Robertson, I.H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B.T., Yiend, J.: Oops!: performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia 35, 747-758 (1997)
72. Lim, J., Dinges, D.F.: Sleep deprivation and vigilant attention. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1129, 305-322 (2008) A Review of Non-driving-related Tasks 535
73. Oken, B.S., Salinsky, M.C., Elsas, S.: Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement. Clin. Neurophysiol. 117, 1885-1901 (2006)
74. O’Donnell, R.D., Eggemeier, F.T.: Workload assessment methodology. In: Handbook of Perception and Human Performance, pp. 1-49. Wiley, New York (1986)
75. De Waard, D.: The Measurement of Drivers’ Mental Workload. Traffic Research Center Groningen University, Groningen (1996)
76. Martens, M., Van Winsum, W.: Measuring Distraction: The Peripheral Detection Task. TNO, Soesterberg (2000)
77. Boles, D.B., Adair, L.P.: The multiple resources questionnaire (MRQ). Proc. Hum. Fact. Ergon. Soc. Annu. Meet. 45, 1790-1794 (2001)
78. Pauzié, A.: A method to assess the driver mental workload: the driving activity load index (DALI). IET Intell. Transp. Sy. 2, 315-322 (2008)
79. Pauzié, A.: Evaluating driver mental workload using the driving activity load index (DALI). In: C. Brusque (ed.) Proceedings of European Conference on Human Interface Design for Intelligent Transport Systems, pp. 67-79. HUMANIST publications, Lyon (2008)
80. Baddeley, A.D.: Working memory. Science 255, 556-559 (1992)
81. Kahneman, D.: Attention and Effort. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1973)
82. Pashler, H.: Dual-task interference in simple tasks: data and theory. Psychol. Bull. 116, 220-224 (1994)
83. May, J.G., Kennedy, R.S., Williams, M.C., Dunlap, W.P., Brannan, J.R.: Eye movement indices of mental workload. Acta Psychol. 75, 75-89 (1990)
84. Wilson, G.F., Eggemeier, F.T.: Psychophysiological assessment of workload in multi-task environments. In: Damos, D.L. (ed.) Multiple-Task Performance, pp. 329-360. Taylor & Francis, London (1991)
85. Kramer, A.F.: Physiological metrics of mental workload: a review of recent progress. In: Damos, D.L. (ed.) Multiple-Task Performance, pp. 279-328. Taylor & Francis, London (1991)
86. Porges, S.W., Byrne, E.A.: Research methods for measurement of heart rate and respiration. Biol. Psychol. 34, 93-130 (1992)
87. Zijlstra, F.R.H., Doorn, L.V.: The Construction of a Scale to Measure Subjective Effort. TU Delft, Delft (1985)
88. Hart, S.G., Staveland, L.E.: Development of NASA-TLX (task load index): results of empirical and theoretical research. Adv. Psychol. 52, 139-183 (1988)
89. Wittmann, M., Kiss, M., Gugg, P., Steffen, A., Fink, M., Pöppel, E., Kamiya, H.: Effects of display position of a visual in-vehicle task on simulated driving. Appl. Ergon. 37, 187-199 (2006)
90. Burnett, G.: An evaluation of different positions for an in-vehicle navigation display. In: Proceedings of the International Conference of Traffic and Transport Psychology, Nottingham (2004)
91. Tretten, P., Normark, C.J., Gärling, A.: Warnings and placement positions in automobiles. In: Proceedings of the 17th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, Beijing (2009)
92. Mehler, B., Reimer, B., Dobres, J., Coughlin, J.F.: Assessing the Demands of Voice Based In-Vehicle Interfaces-Phase II Experiment 3-2015 Toyota Corolla. MIT, Cambridge (2015)
93. Mehler, B., Reimer, B., McAnulty, H., Dobres, J., Lee, J., Coughlin, J.F.: Assessing the Demands of Voice Based In-Vehicle Interfaces-Phase II Experiment 2-2014 Mercedes CLA. MIT, Cambridge (2015)
94. Metz, B.: Worauf achtet der Fahrer?. Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg (2009)
95. Dingus, T.A., Hulse, M.C., Antin, J.F., Wierwille, W.W.: Attentional demand requirements of an automobile moving-map navigation system. Transp. Res. A-Pol. 23, 301-315 (1989)
96. Schneegaß, S., Pfleging, B., Kern, D., Schmidt, A.: Support for modeling interaction with automotive user interfaces. In: Tscheligi, M., Kranz, M., Weinberg, G., Meschtscherjakov, A., Murer, M., Wilfinger, D. (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, pp. 71-78. ACM, New York (2011)
97. Pettitt, M., Burnett, G., Karbassioun, D.: Applying the keystroke level model in a driving context. In: Ergonomics Society Annual Conference, San Francisco (2006)
98. Purucker, C., Naujoks, F., Prill, A., Neukum, A.: Evaluating distraction of in-vehicle information systems while driving by predicting total eyes-off-road times with keystroke level modeling. Appl. Ergon. 68, 543-554 (2017)
99. Ryan, R.M., Deci, E.L.: Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: classic definitions and new directions. Contemp. Educ. Psychol. 25, 54-67 (2000)
100. Deci, E.L.: Effects of externally mediated rewards on intrinsic motivation. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 18, 105-115 (1971)
101. Ryan, R.M.: Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: an extension of cognitive evaluation theory. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 43, 450-461 (1982)
102. Harackiewicz, J.M.: The effects of reward contingency and performance feedback on intrinsic motivation. J. Personal. Soc. Psychol. 37, 1352-1363 (1979)
103. Gold, C., Naujoks, F., Radlmayr, J., Bellem, H., Jarosch, O..: Testing-scenarios for human factors research in highly automated vehicles. In: 8th Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Los Angeles, USA (2017)
104. Marberger, C., Mielenz, H., Naujoks, F., Radlmayr, J., Bengler, K., Wandtner, B.: Understanding and applying the concept of “driver availability” in automated driving. In: 8th Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, Los Angeles, USA (2017)